DOCSLIB.ORG

90 Paramecium Bursaria Spirostomum in De Darm Van Ringwormen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
90 Paramecium Bursaria Spirostomum in De Darm Van Ringwormen de nederlandse biodiversiteit chromalveolata (supergroep) ▶ alveolata ▶ Ciliophora (fylum) ciLiOPHOra - triLHaarDiERTJEs (ciLIATEn) nederland ca. 400 gevestigd, nog vele verwacht Erik J. Van niEukErkEn wereld ca. 000 beschreven trilhaardiertjes (of wimperdiertjes) zijn eencellige organis- in de darm van ringwormen (annelida), of levend op de men van 30-300 µm, bedekt met cilia (talrijke kleine haar- cuticula van kreeftachtigen. Zelden parasiteren ze ook tjes), waarmee ze zich kunnen voortbewegen. Er zijn twee zoogdieren en de mens (sLuitEr Et aL. 1921). Heel bekend is het kernen: een macro- en een micronucleus, hiermee onder- pantoffeldiertje Paramecium dat veel gebruikt is voor aller- scheiden de ciliaten zich van alle andere eencelligen. De lei onderzoek, variërend van hun genetica tot zelfs het ge- diploïde micronucleus bevat de chromosomen en dient drag. voor de voortplanting, de polyploïde macronucleus is ver- antwoordelijk voor alle andere celfuncties. Omdat deze Diversiteit organismen zich bewegen en geen fotosynthese kennen schattingen van het wereldtotaal lopen uiteen van 300 werden ze vroeger als dieren beschouwd. Moleculair onder- tot 10.000 beschreven soorten, wij houden het op een zoek heeft aangetoond dat ze tot de alveolata behoren en schatting van 000 (cOrLiss 2000, adl Et aL. 2005). uit neder- verwant zijn aan organismen die vroeger tot de planten land zijn ongeveer 400 soorten bekend (bakkEr & phaff 1976, werden gerekend. Deze groep is beter bekend en omschre- DrEsscher 1976, elgersHuizen Et aL. 1979, FransZ 1981). Omdat veel ven dan de meeste andere groepen voormalige protozoën. trilhaardiertjes kosmopoliet zijn, zijn nog vele extra soor- trilhaardiertjes leven in zee, in zoet water en op vochtige ten bij ons te verwachten. plekken op het land, evenals parasitair. Voorkomen Cyclus trilhaardiertjes komen in allerlei wateren voor, zowel De voortplanting kan zowel geslachtelijk zijn door uitwisse- planktonisch als bentisch. De meeste trilhaardiertjes zijn ling via een conjugatiebrug van een haploïde kern ontstaan vrij levende organismen in zoet water en zeewater, vaak na reductiedeling, als ongeslachtelijk door deling en knop- interstitieel levend tussen zandkorrels. Er zijn te weinig vorming. Er zijn geen echte gameten, iedere cel kan een nederlandse studies om zinnige uitspraken over verschil in gameet zijn. diversiteit te doen. Ecologie Determinatie ▼ trilhaardiertjes zijn heterotrofe, fagotrofe organismen die cOrLiss 1979, foissnEr 1993, Lynn & sMall 2000. Mariene soorten: Paramecium bursaria bacteriën, algen of detritus opnemen. sommige soorten JörgensEn 1927, JörgensEn & kahl 1932, kahl 1933, 1934a, 1934b, Mars- zijn vastzittend (bv. de orde suctoria), terwijl er ook veel Hall 1969, bakkEr & phaff 1976, carEy 1992. Zoetwatersoorten: kahl ▶ ▶ parasitaire soorten zijn, de meeste op vissen, zoals de ver- 1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, oppenheiM & vorstMan 1976, curDs 1982, curDs Et Spirostomum oorzaker van het bij alle aquariumhouders bekende ‘witte aL. 1983, Matthes Et aL. 1988, PattErsOn & hedley 1992. Parasitaire stip’ Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, maar ook als commensalen soorten: kahl 1934a. chromalveolata (supergroep) ▶ alveolata ▶ Dinozoa (fylum) DinOZOa nederland ca. 20 gevestigd, nog ca. 3 verondersteld Erik J. Van niEukErkEn wereld ca. 2100 beschreven De Dinozoa omvatten de pantserwieren (Dinoflagellata, nog niet uit nederland bekend, zijn ze hier wel te veronder- hierna apart behandeld) en de Perkinsozoa (of Perkinsida). stellen. Perkinsus parasiteert mariene mollusken (o.a. oesters De wereldwijd zeven beschreven soorten Perkinsozoa zijn Ostrea edulis) (perkins Et aL. 2000), Rastrimonas parasiteert een- parasieten van ongewervelden en eencellige algen. Hoewel cellige cryptophyta in zoet water en Parvilucifera parasi- 90 hoofdstuk 5 overzicht van de nederlandse biodiversiteit teert pantserwieren. Parvilucifera is bekend uit een groot ook in nederland voor. Perkinsozoa werden eerst tot de deel van Europa (FiGuErOa Et aL. 2008) en hier te verwachten, apicomplexa of sporozoa gerekend, maar blijken nauwer Rastrimonas is beschreven uit Frankrijk en komt wellicht verwant aan de Dinoflagellata. chromalveolata (supergroep) ▶ alveolata ▶ Dinozoa (fylum) ▶ Dinoflagellata (subfylum) DinOFLaGELLATA - PANTSErWiErEn nederland ca. 20 gevestigd, nog ca. 30 verondersteld rEinOuD P.t. Koeman & Jan siMOns wereld ca. 2100 beschreven Eencellige of kolonievormende (waarbij de cellen tot dra- Ecologie den zijn gerangschikt) wieren die meestal twee flagellen be- Ongeveer de helft van de soorten is foto-autotroof waarbij zitten. Ongeveer de helft van het aantal soorten heeft een gebruikt wordt gemaakt van een pigmentatie bestaande met celluloseplaten verstevigde celwand, vandaar de naam uit chlorofyl-a, -c2 en naast fucoxanthine enkele speciale pantserwieren. Een andere nederlandse naam is dinoflagel- carotenoïden (bv. peridinine). De andere helft is mixotroof, laten. De cellen van veel gepantserde soorten hebben een dat wil zeggen dat ze tegelijkertijd autotroof en heterotroof- mediane groeve (cingulum) en loodrecht daarop een kor- fagotroof (organische deeltjes zoals bacteriën en andere tere en bredere longitudinale groeve (sulcus). in het cingu- organismen opnemend) zijn. Verscheidene soorten zijn lum bevindt zich een golvende en brede transversale flagel ook volledig heterotroof en dan door het ontbreken van en in de sulcus loopt een kortere ‘gewone’ flagel die ventraal pigmenten kleurloos. in het mariene milieu komen enkele een stukje uit de cel steekt. Dit maakt een snelle en rote- kleurloze soorten voor die parasitair leven op kiezelwieren rende beweging mogelijk. De cellen kunnen verschillende of zoöplankton (bv. raderdieren), maar ook op vissen. Er lange uitsteeksels hebben (bv. Ceratium-soorten). De cel- zijn mariene mixotrofe soorten die andere organismen, inhoud van autotrofe soorten is meestal geelbruin gekleurd, zoals kiezelwieren, kunnen vangen, opnemen en verteren. maar enkele soorten hebben afwijkende kleuren (bv. blauw- Zij doen dit op twee verschillende manieren: door het groen), veroorzaakt door anders gekleurde endosymbionti- uitsteken van een lange slijmerige tentakel waarlangs de sche algen. De pantserwieren worden onderverdeeld in drie ‘prooi’ door een celopening naar binnen geleid wordt of klassen: Dinophyceae, noctiluciphyceae en syndiniophy- door het insluiten van de prooi met een cytoplasma- ceae. Het evolutionaire ontstaan van pantserwieren is inge- uitstulping (pallium). in het laatste geval is eerst contact wikkeld. Er zijn soorten waarbij zelfs sprake is van tertiaire gemaakt met de prooi door het uitsturen van een lang en endosymbiose: de opname van een heterokonte cel (die al dun filament, een soort vangdraad. in zomerse omstandig- ontstaan is door secundaire symbiose) door een autotrofe heden en bij bepaalde nutriëntencondities kunnen bepaalde eukaryote cel, daarbij de plaats innemend van de oorspron- soorten rode bloei veroorzaken, waarbij toxische stoffen kelijke secundaire endosymbiont. Pantserwieren komen in worden uitgescheiden die vooral bij schelpdieren of bij zout, brak en zoet water voor. vissen spier- en zenuwverlammingen kunnen veroorzaken. toxische soorten uit de noordzee zijn onder andere Cyclus Alexandrium tamarense, A. minutum, Dinophysis acuminata Voor zover onderzocht, is het levenscyclustype haplobion- en Azadinium spinosum. De fotosynthetiserende soorten tisch-haplont, wat betekent dat deze algen alleen een haplo- vormen op de kiezelwieren (bacillariophyceae) na de groot- ide vegetatieve fase kennen. bij geslachtelijke voortplanting ste groep van primaire producenten in zee. Ze vormen dus ◀ ◀ kunnen vegetatieve cellen kleinere gameten produceren die een onmisbare schakel in aquatische voedselketens. Er zijn Ceratium hirundinella dezelfde vorm hebben als de oudercel. De zygote kan zich mariene soorten die lichtflitsen uitzenden (biolumines- omvormen tot een dikwandige rustcel (cyste of hypno- centie) door de werking van een luciferine-luciferase- ▼ zygote). Zulke cysten kunnen ook rechtstreeks uit vegeta- systeem bij irritatie van de cel. Zo wordt het lichten van de Zeevonk tieve cellen gevormd worden. zee – wat als een sprookjesachtig verschijnsel ervaren kan Noctiluca scintillans 91.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Planktonic Protist Interactome: Where Do We Stand After a Century of Research?
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/587352; this version posted May 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bjorbækmo et al., 23.03.2019 – preprint copy - BioRxiv The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? Marit F. Markussen Bjorbækmo1*, Andreas Evenstad1* and Line Lieblein Røsæg1*, Anders K. Krabberød1**, and Ramiro Logares2,1** 1 University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N- 0316 Oslo, Norway 2 Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain * The three authors contributed equally ** Corresponding authors: Ramiro Logares: Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Phone: 34-93-2309500; Fax: 34-93-2309555. [email protected] Anders K. Krabberød: University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Phone +47 22845986, Fax: +47 22854726. [email protected] Abstract Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, yet our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2,500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Pusillus Poseidon's Guide to Protozoa
    Pusillus Poseidon’s guide to PROTOZOA GENERAL NOTES ABOUT PROTOZOANS Protozoa are also called protists. The word “protist” is the more general term and includes all types of single-celled eukaryotes, whereas “protozoa” is more often used to describe the protists that are animal-like (as opposed to plant-like or fungi-like). Protists are measured using units called microns. There are 1000 microns in one millimeter. A millimeter is the smallest unit on a metric ruler and can be estimated with your fingers: The traditional way of classifying protists is by the way they look (morphology), by the way they move (mo- tility), and how and what they eat. This gives us terms such as ciliates, flagellates, ameboids, and all those colors of algae. Recently, the classification system has been overhauled and has become immensely complicated. (Infor- mation about DNA is now the primary consideration for classification, rather than how a creature looks or acts.) If you research these creatures on Wikipedia, you will see this new system being used. Bear in mind, however, that the categories are constantly shifting as we learn more and more about protist DNA. Here is a visual overview that might help you understand the wide range of similarities and differences. Some organisms fit into more than one category and some don’t fit well into any category. Always remember that classification is an artificial construct made by humans. The organisms don’t know anything about it and they don’t care what we think! CILIATES Eats anything smaller than Blepharisma looks slightly pink because it Blepharisma itself, even smaller Bleph- makes a red pigment that senses light (simi- arismas.
    [Show full text]
  • Protistology an International Journal Vol
    Protistology An International Journal Vol. 10, Number 2, 2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM «PROTIST–2016» Yuri Mazei (Vice-Chairman) Welcome Address 2 Organizing Committee 3 Organizers and Sponsors 4 Abstracts 5 Author Index 94 Forum “PROTIST-2016” June 6–10, 2016 Moscow, Russia Website: http://onlinereg.ru/protist-2016 WELCOME ADDRESS Dear colleagues! Republic) entitled “Diplonemids – new kids on the block”. The third lecture will be given by Alexey The Forum “PROTIST–2016” aims at gathering Smirnov (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia): the researchers in all protistological fields, from “Phylogeny, diversity, and evolution of Amoebozoa: molecular biology to ecology, to stimulate cross- new findings and new problems”. Then Sandra disciplinary interactions and establish long-term Baldauf (Uppsala University, Sweden) will make a international scientific cooperation. The conference plenary presentation “The search for the eukaryote will cover a wide range of fundamental and applied root, now you see it now you don’t”, and the fifth topics in Protistology, with the major focus on plenary lecture “Protist-based methods for assessing evolution and phylogeny, taxonomy, systematics and marine water quality” will be made by Alan Warren DNA barcoding, genomics and molecular biology, (Natural History Museum, United Kingdom). cell biology, organismal biology, parasitology, diversity and biogeography, ecology of soil and There will be two symposia sponsored by ISoP: aquatic protists, bioindicators and palaeoecology. “Integrative co-evolution between mitochondria and their hosts” organized by Sergio A. Muñoz- The Forum is organized jointly by the International Gómez, Claudio H. Slamovits, and Andrew J. Society of Protistologists (ISoP), International Roger, and “Protists of Marine Sediments” orga- Society for Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP), nized by Jun Gong and Virginia Edgcomb.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Observations Upon Spirostomum Ambiguum (Ehrenberg). Ann Bishop, 31.Sc
    Some Observations upon Spirostomum ambiguum (Ehrenberg). By Ann Bishop, 31.Sc, Victoria University, Manchester. With Plates 22 and 23 and 9 Text-figures. CONTENTS. PAGE 1. HISTORICAL 392 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS ....... 393 Fixation 393 Staining 394 Observations on Living Specimens ..... 394 Feeding Methods ........ 395 3. OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SPIROSTOMUM AMBIGUUM 395 Contractile Vacuole ........ 395 Endoplasm and Nuclei ....... 397 The Micronuclei . • - . • • .399 Abnormalities in the form of the Meganucleus . .401 >i. METHODS OF CULTIVATION 402 5. FOOD CYCLE 406 6. VARIETIES OF SPIROSTOMUM AMBIGUUM 409 7. REPRODUCTION . .41.1 A. Observations on the Growth and Reproduction of Spiro- stomum ambiguum during cultivation . .411 B. Fission 416 C. Conjugation 422 8. LITERATURE .... 431 9. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 22 AND 23 ..... 433 D d 2 392 ANN BISHOP 1. HISTORICAL. THE genus Spirostomurn was first mentioned by Ehrenberg, but no definition nor description was given. Its systematic position and the question of the number and identity of the species contained in it was a subject for discussion for many years. Later, Dujardin (7) gave a very satisfactory description of the genus in the following words : ' Corps cylindrique tres-allonge et tres-flexible, souvent tordu sur lui-meme, couvert cle cils disposes suivant les stries obliques ou en helice de la surface; avec une bouches situee lateralement au dela du milieu, a l'extremite d'une rangee de cils plus forts.' He recognized, however, only S p ir o s t o m um a m b i g u u m as a true species. It is to Dr. Stein (28) that w^e are indebted for a comprehen- sive and beautifully illustrated description of the genus, together with a detailed account of the vicissitudes of nomen- clature through which it had passed since its discovery by Ehrenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologia Celular – Cell Biology
    Biologia Celular – Cell Biology BC001 - Structural Basis of the Interaction of a Trypanosoma cruzi Surface Molecule Implicated in Oral Infection with Host Cells and Gastric Mucin CORTEZ, C.*1; YOSHIDA, N.1; BAHIA, D.1; SOBREIRA, T.2 1.UNIFESP, SÃO PAULO, SP, BRASIL; 2.SINCROTRON, CAMPINAS, SP, BRASIL. e-mail:[email protected] Host cell invasion and dissemination within the host are hallmarks of virulence for many pathogenic microorganisms. As concerns Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas disease, the insect vector-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) initiate infection by invading host cells, and later blood trypomastigotes disseminate to diverse organs and tissues. Studies with MT generated in vitro and tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT), as counterparts of insect- borne and bloodstream parasites, have implicated members of the gp85/trans-sialidase superfamily, MT gp82 and TCT Tc85-11, in cell invasion and interaction with host factors. Here we analyzed the gp82 structure/function characteristics and compared them with those previously reported for Tc85-11. One of the gp82 sequences identified as a cell binding site consisted of an alpha-helix, which connects the N-terminal beta-propeller domain to the C- terminal beta-sandwich domain where the second binding site is nested. In the gp82 structure model, both sites were exposed at the surface. Unlike gp82, the Tc85-11 cell adhesion sites are located in the N-terminal beta-propeller region. The gp82 sequence corresponding to the epitope for a monoclonal antibody that inhibits MT entry into target cells was exposed on the surface, upstream and contiguous to the alpha-helix. Located downstream and close to the alpha-helix was the gp82 gastric mucin binding site, which plays a central role in oral T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cytoplasmic Structures of Spirostomum Ambiguum (Ehrenberg). by Ann Bishop, Ph.D., M.Sc
    The Cytoplasmic Structures of Spirostomum ambiguum (Ehrenberg). By Ann Bishop, Ph.D., M.Sc. From the Zoological Department, the University of Manchester. With Plates 17 and 18 and 3 Text-figures. MATERIAL. THE Spirostoma used in this study were obtained from test- tube cultures made with boiled wheat-grains and boiled aqua- rium- or boiled pond-water, or with boiled leaves collected from ponds to which boiled aquarium- or pond-water was added. Details of these culture methods were given in an earlier paper (1, p. 402). Occasionally ' wild ' Spirostoma, collected from a pond on Coe Fen, Cambridge, or from one in Cheshire, were used. The study was made almost entirely upon the large variety of Spirostomum known as Spirostomum am- biguum Major (21), but Spirostomum ambiguum Minor was studied sufficiently to show that the structures are similar in the two varieties. METHODS. A number of different fixatives were tried, including Schau- dinn's solution with varying amounts of glacial acetic acid below 5 per cent. ; the alcoholic modification of Bouin's fluid ; strong Memming's fluid; 1 per cent, osmic acid ; the picro- mercuric fixative used by Yocum (31) having the formula— Mercuric bichloride .... 2 grm. Picric acid ...... 1 grm. 95 per cent, alcohol . .110 c.c. Ether . 20 c.c. Acetic acid . .20 c.c. 40 per cent, formol ..... 50 c.c. L 2 148 ANN BISHOP The fluid used by Neresheimer (17), i.e.— 8 per cent, formol ..... 20 c.c. 2 per cent, calcium bichromate . .20 c.c. Acetic acid ...... 1 c.c. to which a drop of osmic acid is added before using, was also used.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Observations on the Chromosomal Filaments of the Ciliate Macronucleus
    1966 77 Further Observations on the Chromosomal Filaments of the Ciliate Macronucleus B. R. Seshachar Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Delhi 7, India Received May 7, 1965 Recent reports by the author (1958 , 1960, 1961) indicate that the macronucleus of two species of ciliates , Blepharisma intermedium and Spirostomum ambiguum (Spirotricha) contains greatly elongated Feulgen positive filaments disposed inside the membrane and that by simple methods like stretching the macronucleus , centrifugation and treatment with despiraliz ing agents like KCN and NaCN, it is possible to liberate the filaments from the confines of its membrane. Electron microscope observations of the macronucleus of both species (1964, 1965) have confirmed these observations . Sections show cut-ends of the filaments traversing the macronuclear cavity in all directions. The filaments are composed of microfibrils of about 150 A diameter. The nature of the filaments and the manner of their development are matters of profound interest. Their Feulgen positive nature is indicative of their possessing DNA,-in fact, the macronucleus owes its bright Feulgen positive reaction to them. Their great length is another unique feature. Bundles of them, several mm in length could be obtained from it. The nucleus of no other animal or plant cell has been reported to yield Feulgen positive filaments of such great length by similar treatment. That these filaments are organised structures present inside the macro nucleus and are not artefacts introduced by the methods employed is clear from further studies of the phenomenon. When the cell is cut across and the two parts are gently pulled apart, the macronucleus unwinds itself, producing a thin connection bridging the two parts of the macronucleus (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Using the Burrows Wheeler Aligner (BWA) Algorithm V0.7.13 (Andrews, 2010; Li and Durbin, 2009)
    The functional diversity and evolution of nuclear processes by Nicholas A. T. Irwin BSc. Hons, University of British Columbia, 2017 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Botany) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2020 © Nicholas A. T. Irwin, 2020 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: The functional diversity and evolution of nuclear processes submitted by Nicholas A. T. Irwin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany Examining Committee: Dr. Patrick J. Keeling, Professor, Department of Botany, UBC Supervisor Dr. LeAnn J. Howe, Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Brian S. Leander, Professor, Department of Zoology and Botany, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Ivan Sadowski, Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UBC University Examiner Dr. James D. Berger, Professor Emeritus, Department of Zoology, UBC University Examiner Dr. Joel B. Dacks, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta External Examiner ii Abstract The nucleus is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells which not only houses the genome but a myriad of processes that function synergistically to regulate cellular activity. Nuclear proteins are key in facilitating core eukaryotic processes such as genome compaction, nucleocytoplasmic exchange, and DNA replication, but the interconnectedness of these processes makes them challenging to dissect mechanistically. Moreover, the antiquity of the nucleus complicates evolutionary analyses, limiting our view of nuclear evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal 1968 Membership List
    Proceedings of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, Volume 05 (1968) Authors Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science Publisher Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science Download date 05/10/2021 12:10:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316219 5 Volume 1968 Proceedings Journal Supplement of the Twelfth Ann ua I Meeting May 10-11, 1968 Northern Ar izona Un ivers ity Flagstaff, Arizona • • • • • 1967-68 Annual Reports • • • • • 1968 Membership List May, 1968 ARIZONA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 8979/ Room 0-203, Physical Science Center Arizona State University II 71 Tempe, Arizona 85281 S� _ ARIZONA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OFFICERS FOR 1967-68 Chester R. Leathers, Arizona State University, Tempe •••••••••••• President James R. Wick, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff •••• President-Elect Thomas W. Barrett, Arizona State University, Tempe ••••••••• Treasurer Kenneth E. Bean, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff • • •••••••••• Corresponding Secretary Howard Voss, Arizona State University, Tempe•••Membership Secretary Institutional or library subscription price is $6.50 per year. Individuals may obtain the Journal and a membership in the Academy for $6.50 a year. Single copies of the Journal are $2.00 post free. For subscription or membership, address correspondence to the Member­ ship Secretary of the Academy, Room D-203, Physical Science Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281. EDITORIAL POLICY The Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science is published princ.ipally by and for the members of the Arizona Academy of Science. It is the intention of the Editorial Board that the Journal shall serve all members, therefore, publications are not to be restricted to formal, original scientific papers. Authors who are not members of the Academy will be charged a publication fee of $10.00 per page for each page of their paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Investigation of the Ciliate Spirostomum Semivirescens, with First Transcriptome and New Geographical Records
    PROTIS 25642 1–12 ARTICLE IN PRESS Protist, Vol. xx, xxx–xxx, xx 2017 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date xxx 1 ORIGINAL PAPER 2 Molecular Investigation of the Ciliate 3 Spirostomum semivirescens, with First 4 Transcriptome and New Geographical 5 Records a,c,1,2 b,1,2 b a 6 Q1 Hunter N. Hines , Henning Onsbring , Thijs J.G. Ettema , and Genoveva F. Esteban a 7 Bournemouth University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life and 8 Environmental Sciences, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK b 9 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala 10 University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden c 11 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 12 34946, USA 13 Submitted May 4, 2018; Accepted August 9, 2018 14 Monitoring Editor: Eric Meyer 15 The ciliate Spirostomum semivirescens is a large freshwater protist densely packed with endosymbiotic 16 algae and capable of building a protective coating from surrounding particles. The species has been 17 rarely recorded and it lacks any molecular investigations. We obtained such data from S. semivirescens 18 isolated in the UK and Sweden. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of isolates from both countries, 19 the transcriptome of S. semivirescens was generated. Phylogenetic analysis of the rRNA gene clus- 20 ter revealed both isolates to be identical. Additionally, rRNA sequence analysis of the green algal 21 endosymbiont revealed that it is closely related to Chlorella vulgaris. Along with the molecular species 22 identification, an analysis of the ciliates’ stop codons was carried out, which revealed a relationship 23 where TGA stop codon frequency decreased with increasing gene expression levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Investigation of the Ciliate Spirostomum Semivirescens
    Protist, Vol. 169, 875–886, December 2018 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 20 August 2018 ORIGINAL PAPER Molecular Investigation of the Ciliate Spirostomum semivirescens, with First Transcriptome and New Geographical Records a,c,1,2 b,1,2 b a Hunter N. Hines , Henning Onsbring , Thijs J.G. Ettema , and Genoveva F. Esteban a Bournemouth University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden c Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA Submitted May 4, 2018; Accepted August 9, 2018 Monitoring Editor: Eric Meyer The ciliate Spirostomum semivirescens is a large freshwater protist densely packed with endosymbiotic algae and capable of building a protective coating from surrounding particles. The species has been rarely recorded and it lacks any molecular investigations. We obtained such data from S. semivirescens isolated in the UK and Sweden. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of isolates from both countries, the transcriptome of S. semivirescens was generated. A phylogenetic analysis identified S. semivirescens as a close relative to S. minus. Additionally, rRNA sequence analysis of the green algal endosymbiont revealed that it is closely related to Chlorella vulgaris. Along with the molecular species identification, an analysis of the ciliates’ stop codons was carried out, which revealed a relationship where TGA stop codon frequency decreased with increasing gene expression levels. The observed codon bias suggests that S. semivirescens could be in an early stage of reassigning the TGA stop codon.
    [Show full text]
  • Zooplankton Diversity of a Protected and Vulnerable Wetland System in Southern South America (Llancanelo Area, Argentina) D
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2016 Zooplankton diversity of a protected and vulnerable wetland system in southern South America (Llancanelo area, Argentina) D. Sabina D'Ambrosio Instituto de Limnologia Dr. Raul A Ringuelet Maria Cristina Claps Instituto de Limnologia Dr. Raul A Ringuelet Adriana García University of Wollongong, [email protected] Publication Details D'Ambrosio, D. Sabina., Claps, M. C. & García, A. (2016). Zooplankton diversity of a protected and vulnerable wetland system in southern South America (Llancanelo area, Argentina). International Aquatic Research, 8 (1), 65-80. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Zooplankton diversity of a protected and vulnerable wetland system in southern South America (Llancanelo area, Argentina) Abstract In arid regions, climatic conditions exert a great control on the aquatic systems present, but recent changes in climate have produced an enhanced salinization of the aquatic environments located there. Consequently, a major reduction in biodiversity would be expected in those wetlands that were originally fresh water. Salinity is a principal cause of reduced biodiversity particularly in zooplankton because few of those species can adapt to the salt pressure of saline environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain essential information on the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in Llancanelo basin by focussing the analysis on the zooplankton community and exploring seasonal and spatial differences in the zooplankton assemblages of this vulnerable wetland system within an arid region of Argentina.
    [Show full text]