w229 N4^

NOTES

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

BY EDWARD D. NEILL,

PRESBYTER OF REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

.'"V,"<«£

-

REPRINTED FROM EPISCOPAL RECORDER.

PHILADELPHIA: 1220 s^zrsrsoztyr. s t ir, :e :e t 1877. Extract from Sermon of Patrich Copland, before the Virginia Company,

preached at Bow Church, London, Thursday, April 18, 1622.

" And, that I may bend my speech unto all, seeing so many of the

Lord's worthies have done worthily in this noble action yea, and seeing ; that some of them greatly rejoice in this, that God hath enabled them to help forward this glorious work, both with their prayers and with their purses, let it be your grief and sorrow to be exempted from the company of so many honorable-minded men, and from this noble plantation, tend- ing so highly to the advancement of the Gospel, and to the honoring of our dread Sovereign, by enlarging of his kingdoms, and adding a fifth crown

unto his other four: for ' En dat Virginia quintain* is the motto of the

legal seal of Virginia," —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

CHAPTER I.

iHAI'I.UX- OF i:Ai:l,'i EXPEDITIONS.

President sermon said was prepared for it. 1 Edward Marin Wingfield, the ; he he dt the First Council of Virginia, make- the made answer, thai our men were weary and following statement, relative to tin- firsl hungry, and that he did see the time of the clergyman who arrived, iu 16(17. with the day far spent (for at other times he never founders of Jamestown : made such question, but the service finished,

he began his sermon), and that if it pi REV. ROBERT HUNT. him, we would spare him till seine other

"Fin my first worke, which was to make time. I never failed to lake such not<

right choice of a spiritual pastor, I appeeled writing, out of his doctrine as my capacity to the remembrance of my Lo. of Gaunt., would comprehend, unless some rainy day hi- Grace, who gave me very gracious hindered my endeavors." audience in my request. And the world On rainy days the place of worship was knoweth when I took with me truly a man, not very comfortable. The congregation in my opinion, not any waie to be touched assembled in fair weather under an old

with the rebellions humor of a papist spirit, sail, suspended from trees, but when ii iinr blemished with the least suspicion of a rained service was held in a rotten tent. In factious schismatic." time the colonists constructed a barn-like

Tin- appointment of Robert Hon, as edifice, with a roof of turf and earth resting chaplain of Newport's expedition to Vir- upon rafters, and in this place, as humble as ginia came through the direct agencj of the manger of Bethlehem, Hunt official

Richard Hakluyt, Prebend of Westminster, long as lie lived. who was an earnest advocate for the planting In the winter of 1609 a fire broke out, of an English colony in America. which destroyed Hum's library, and before Anderson supposes that he had been a the summer of 1609 he had died, but the

rector in Kent, before he received the posi- e time has not been ascertained. tion of chaplain. Amid all the dissensions REV. MR. QliOVEB. of the first colonists, he proved hims

gentle shepherd, and won the respect of all In June, \. i> 1611, ^ir Thomas Gates

classes. President Wingfield speaks of him lefl England on a second voyage to Ywninia. " Hows : Two or threeSunday mornings William Crashaw, the celebrated d the Indians gave us alarms: by that times father of the poet, says that the Rev. Mr. they were answered, the place about us well Glover accompanied him, who had been discovered, and our divine service ended, " an approved preacher in Bedford and the day was far spent. The preacher did Huntingdonshire, a graduate of Cambridge,

ask me if it were my pleasure to have a reverenced and respected," but he soon died. — :

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

Crasbaw writes, " He endured not the sea- has learned the scriptural doctrine, and ex- sickness of the countrey so well as younger plained it to the people, then that is a true and stronger bodies; and so, alter zealous and perfect Church which receives and ami faithful performance of his ministerial! cherishes such doctrine." dutie, whilest lu- was able, he gave liis soule The son had been taught, also, that bap- to Christ Jesus unilcr whose banner he went tism purities none, except those who re ( to fight, and for whose glorious name's the promise of gratuitous justification in sake, he undertook the danger) more worthy Christ, ami that there was nothing like a to be accounted a true confessor of Christ real, express presence in the elements upon than hundreds that are canonized in the the Lord's Table. Pope's Marytyrologie." But one of Alexauder Whitaker's ser-

mons was published. In 1613 it was printed ALEXANDER WHITAKER, MINISTER AT in London, and contains the following sen- HENRICO, VIRGINIA, A. D. 1611-1617. tence : Crasbaw, the father of the poet, and " Let not the servants of superstition, that a distinguished divine, in the year 1613, think to merit by their good works, go alludes to the ministers who had gone to beyond us in well-doing, neither let them be America as able and lit men, "all of able to open their mouths against us, ami to them graduates, allowed preachers, sin- condemn the religion of our Protestation, gle men, having no pastoral cares, [un- for want of charitable deeds." charge of children," and exhorts them in Sir Thomas Dale had passed many years " these words : Though Satan visibly and among the Presbyterians of Holland, before palpably reigns there, more than in any coming to Virginia. His first wife was a other known place in the world, yet be of relative, and his second wife a sister of Sir courage, blessed brethren ; God will tread W. Throckmorton, a man of Puritan affini-

Satan under your feet shortly, and the ages ties. Many of the settlers at Henrico were to come will eternize your names, as the Dutchmen, and it was to be expected that apostles of Virginia." Among these so- Whitaker's views would be in sympathy called apostles, one who came with Sir with Low-Churchmen, the prevailing party Thomas Dale, in 1611, was Alexander among the people of England. Whitaker. He had been comfortably set- Hamor, the secretary of the Colony, in a tled in the north of England for five or six narrative published in London, in 1615, years, after graduating at Cambridge, when prints a letter of Whitaker's, written in he tore himself away from comforts and June, 1614, which contains the earliest ac- friends, and " his warm nest," constrained count of a church organization among the by the love of Christ to become a mission- English of North America. He writes ary. He was the son of the great scholar, " Every Sabbath day we preach in the tore- William Whitaker, for many years Profes- noon, and catechize in the afternoon. Every sor of Divinity, and Master of St. John's Saturday, at night, I exercise in Sir Thomas College, Cambridge, of whom a poet said: Dale's house. Our Church affairs be con-

" He was the shield ol' truth, the scourge of sulted on by the Minister and four of the error." With his father he held the then most religious men. Once every month we prevailing opinions of the Church of Eng- have a communion, and once a year a so- land. He taught that a bishop and pres- lemn fast." byter in the New Testament were of the The weekly religious service, or exercise, same order, and that the only Apostolical on Saturday night, was a characteristic of Succession was based upon the presentation the Puritans within the Church of England. of Scriptural truths. " If," said the elder Purchas states that the surplice was not

Whitaker, " he is a perfect minister who even spoken of in Whitaker's parish. The VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. consultation with four of the mosl religious faults oftentimes they had their deserved

liK'i) resembled a Dutch consistory. payments. And many times they gave Before June, 1617,Whitaker was drowned, good testimonies of their great valor and and William Wickham, a pious man, with- resolution. To handle them gently, while oul Episcopal ordination, c lucted the gentle courses may be found to serve, it but Bervices at Benrico. In 1621 Rev. Jonas will be without comparison the best ; polishing will not serve, thi Stockton took i bai ge oi the parish. atle The unreliable John Smith published a shall not want hammerers and rough letter, purporting to bav b en written by now— I mean our old soldiers tlir Rev. Jonas Stockham, on May 20th, trained up in the Netherlands—to square 1621, which Purchas states was addressed to and prepare them to our preachers' hands." Alexander Whitaker. Alluding to the In- No such letter could have been written dian-, he remarks: "We have senl boys to Whitaker, as alleged, in 1621, for in among them to Learn their language, but 1617 he was drowned. There was no Rev. in Virginia, but in 1620 they return worse than they went : but I Jouas Stockham in " the am no statesman, nor love I to meddle with there arrived, the Bona Nova," anything hut my books, but I can find no Rev. Jonas Stockton, about thirty-six years probability by this course to draw them to of age, with a son Timothy, ten years old,

Iness; and 1 am persuaded it' Mars and and for a time he was minister at Hen Minerva go hand-in-hand, they will effect rico and New Bermudas.

more l! 1 in one hour, than these verbal At the instance of Sir William Throck-

Mercurians in their lives. And till their morton, in 1620, one of the Indian girls Priests and Ancients have their throats cut, brought to London by Sir Thomas Dale in there is DO hope to bring them to conversion." 1616, being weak with consumption, was

'This sentiment, attributed to Stockham, sent to the house of a cousin of Whitaker, we find in almost similar language in a the Rev. William Gouge, who ''took greal letter written on April loth. 1609, by the pains to comfort her, both in soul and historiographer, Richard Hakluyt, to the body." Gouge was a Cambridge graduate, Virginia Company. His words relative to noted for scholarship, oratory, piety and the Indians are, "They be also as uncon- philanthropy. He was a member of the itant us t|>e weathercock, and most ready Westminster Assembly of Divines, and to take all occasions to do mischief. They died in December, 1653, after a pastorate are great liars and dissemblers, for which i v-tive years at Black Friars, London.

CHAPTER II.

t: '.Y FROM A. Ii. 1619 TO A.l). 1630.

Hunt. Glovar, and Whitaker had all I commended to honest Sir Thomas Gates by been summoni d to the " belter land " before Bishop Ravis, of London, one of the trans- the assembling at Jamestown, on July 30th, lators of the King Jam.-' version of the

1619, of the firsl American legislature. Bible, a pit-late of mildness and liberality. He embarked in 1009, in the " Sea Ven- UOHABD BUCK, CHAP! CHE " SEA ,„,.,.• „.;,,, ( , , , . :lt Sn]| „ T and Cap , aill x INI l:1 ' ' Newport, and during a violent storm in the

h<- Richard Buck, who had been an Oxford last days of July, t ship was wrecked at student, was "an able and painful preacher," Bermudas. Here the passengers and sailors —; —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

remained several months, and Buck was Every Sunday two sermons were delivered

faithful in the discharge of his dutii • by Buck, or Glover, or Whitaker; and the Strachey, Secretary of Virginia, says: Puritan custom of a sermon or lecture on During our time of abode upon these Thursday was also observed. During the islands, we had every Sunday two sermons services, if present, Lord Delaware sat in preached by our minister, besides every the chancel, iu a green velvet chair. Ill morning and evening, at the ringing of a health soon compelled Delaware to go back bell, we repaired all to public prayer, at to England, and then the rude church again what time the names of our whole company began to decay. were called, and such as were wanting were Crashaw speaks of all the clergymen who duly punished." He was occupied while left England, as being " single men." If

there in baptizing, burying, and marrying. this statement is correct, Buck must have John Rolfe, whose name has become married some of the female passengers distinguished as the first man who estab- wrecked at Bermudas, or some one iu lished a tobacco plantation in Virginia, and Virginia, soon after, for in 1611 there is linked with the romance about Pocahontas, evidence that he was a husband. Toward was, with his white wife, passenger on the the latter part of that year, in the midst of " Sea Venture." Mrs. Rolfe gave birth to great destitution, his wife bore a daughter, a daughter, and on the 4th of February, which was appropriately named Mara. 1609— 10, she was christened Bermuda The mother, in her desolation, thought, no Strachey and Captain Newport standing as doubt, of the green hedges and good cheer " witnesses." After a brief existence the of dear old England, and appreciated the child was buried on the Island. language of Naomi, in the Book of Ruth A ship of seventy tons, named the " Call me not Naomi, call me Mara, for

" Deliverance," having been built, in it, and the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with a small pinnace, called the " Patience," the me. I went out full, aud the Lord hath

party left, and iu the latter part of May, brought me home again, empty." 1610, arrived at Jamestown. Sir Thomas Three years after Mara's birth the Lord Gates, before he unrolled his commission gave the wife of Buck a son, which was and commenced his duties as Governor, named Gershom. The good man thought caused the bell to be rung, and then the of Moses, no doubt, who, when, his wife, emaciated and desponding colonists listened Zipporah, bare him a son, "he called his to the " zealous and sorrowful prayer of Mr. name Gershom, for, he said, I have been a Buck." On Sunday, the 10th of June, stranger in a strange land." Lord Delaware arrived as Governor Gen- In the year 1616, the minister's wife eral, and immediately went ashore and became the mother of a sou, which proved heard " a sermon made by Mr. Buck." a child of sorrow, and was well called The church in which this sermon was Benoni. He did not chuckle and laugh in

preached a chronicle of that day described childish glee, he had a vacant stare, and it as " a homely thing, like a barn set upon was soon evident that he would not be able crutchets, covered with rafts, sedge and to measure a yard of cloth, number twenty,

earth ; so was also the walls." or rightly name the days of the week, and Lord Delaware ordered the church to that he, under the English Statute, would be repaired, and when completed it was be called " a natural fool." twenty-four by sixty feet in dimensions, The fourth child was born about the time the pews made of cedar, the communion that the first legislature met, and the colony table of black walnut, a baptismal font was " pelegged," or divided into many hollowed out of a log like a canoe, and two election precincts, and the boy was named bells on the west gable. Peleg. VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

Mr. Buck died before the year 1624, hut he was the first minister of Bermudas, he the precise time has not been ascertained. was a nonconformist. Ambrose Harmar, who in 1645 was a member of the legislature from Jamestowu, WILLIAM MEASE. in a petition presented in 1637, states that William Mease came about the time of he had for thirteen years had the care of the Glover and Buck, remained ten years in idiol Benoni Buck, the firsl in the colony, Virginia, and in 1623 was living in Eng- and appears t<> have been the guardian of land. the other children. B\ Buck's will, his wife had a life THOMAS BARGRAVE. interest 'in his lands, and after her death Thomas Bargrave, who came in 1618, was they were to belong to the children. Hen- the nephew of Dr. Bargrave, the Dean of Lng's Statutes state that the attention of the Canterbury, and came out with his uncle, Legislature of March 1654—5 was called to Captain John Bargrave, who spent several the will of Richard Buck, and it was thousand pounds, with a Mr. Ward, in es- decided that his lands descended to his tablishing a plantation on the south side of children, and not to Bridget Bromficld, late the .lames, above Martin Brandon, in the wife oi John Burrowes, and that Elizabeth through which inns a creek, to this Crornpe was to remain in possession. district Ward's. He probably succeeded Thomas Crompe came to Virginia as day called YVic at Henrico, and Whitaker at early as \.j>. 1624. and was a delegate to kham died in 1621, and the legislature that met in February, 1631- BeritTuThTlTundred. He valued at one hundred Mnii .lames City. Elizabeth Crompe left his library, marks, seventy pounds, to the projected n the daughter of Thomas or Henrico. Crompe and Mara Buck, and the grand- college at child of Rev. Richard Buck. In 1624 Mara Buck, then unmarried, DAVTD ^ANDS, OR SANDYS. was living with .iolm and Bridget Bur- (David Sands, or Sandys,) came in the rowes, at James City. Could Bridget Bur- "Bona Ventura." in 1620, and firsl dwell rowes have been the widow of Buck, and, at John Utie's plantation in Hog Island, after the death of Burrowes, could Mr. bul early in 1625 he was at the plantation Bromfield have become a third husband? of Captain Samuel Matthews, within the precincts of Jamas City. In July, 1624. he

<;i;op.<;e keith. petitioned for relief from calumny deroga- tory to his profession. A minister named George Keith, thirty- three years of age. with a wife, and son

> > - . i N \ STOCKTOH John, aged six year-, in 1617 arrived in the

ship" George," and settled at Elizabeth City. Arrived in January, 1621, in the ship He may have been the same person who was " Bona Nova," and was about thirty-six

tii. firsl minister at the Bermudas, whose year- of age. His residence was at Eliza- governor at this time was Daniel Tucker, beth City, but for a time he preached at who had been a councillor and prominent Henrico. In January, 1625, he was alive, citizen of Virginia. but after this he is not mentioned in an He entered one hundred acres, by patent, the records we have examined. and lor -ome time a creek in the neighbor- Governor Yeardhv, in the -pirn- of 1619, hood of Elizabeth City, now Hampton, was found a " poor ruinated church " at Henrico, called Keith's. and at Jam' -town " a church built wholly

Hi- " ife appears to have dii ^l. L62 1. If at tii, charge of the inhabitants oi that —

8 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

city, of timber, being fifty foot in length this year, throughout all the plantations at and twenty foot in breadth.'' the Eastern Shore, ten pounds of tobacco In 1621 Sir Francis Wyatt became and one bushel of corn for every planter Governor, and a number of clergymen and tradesman, above the age of sixteen

came to Virginia, but the General Assem- years, alive at the crop : these are to require bly of 1623 stated that " divers had no Captain William Epps, commander of the orders." said plantation, to raise the said ten pounds of tobacco and one bushel of corn," etc. ROB TORT PATJLET. HAWTE WYATT. Robert Paulet, in July, 1621, was an- nounced as one of the Governor's Council, Hawte Wyatt, named after his maternal and was at that time residing at Martin's grandfather, Sir W. Hawte, also came in Hundred. He had been engaged in 1619 October, 1621, in the same vessel with his to goto Southampton Hundred, founded by brother, Gov. Wyatt. On the 16th of July, Tracy, Throckmorton, Thorp and others, in a few days after Bolton's appointment, it was the triple capacity of "preacher, physician, signified to the Loudon Company that Sir and surgeon," and arrived in the mouth of Francis Wyatt's brother, " being a Master of December. He never took the oath of Arts, and a good divine, and very willing to

Councillor. . The Virginia Company of go with him this present voyage, might be Loudon, in a letter dated July 22d, 1622, to entertained and placed as Minister over his Governor Wyatt writes, "Mr. Robert Paulet, people, and have the same .allowance to- the minister, was he whom the court chose wards the furnishing of himself with necessa-

to be of the Council ; the adventurers of ries, as others have had ; and that his wife Martin's Hundred desire that he might be might have her transport free, which motive

spared for that office, their business was thought very reasonable," and it was requiring his presence continually." • ordered that he should have the same allow- ance as that which had been granted to Mr. ROBERT BOLTOX. # Bolton. In the records of the London— Company It is probable that the minister's wife is found the following minute : " Upon the went back iu the summer of 1623, as a com- Right Honorable the Earl of Southampton's panion of the Governor's wife, and in 162<> recommendations of Mr. Bolton, minister, he came to England, his father having for his honesty and sufficiency in learning, died. Upon his return to England he and to undertake the care and charge of the found a great deal of ecclesiastical contro- ministry, the Company have been pleased to versy, and his sympathies were with the entertain him for their minister in some Puritans. Opposed to the retrogressions of vacant place in Virginia." Archbishop Laud, he was arraigned before

Mr. Bolton came with Governor Wyatt, tin' High Commission. On the 3d of Octo- in October, 1621, and was sent to Elizabeth ber he became Vicar of Bexley, Kent, the City. He was engaged by the planters of seat of his ancestors. He was twice married,

the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and on the .".1st. of July, 1638, died. Some of as their first minister, and preached for two his descendants came back to Virginia. An- years there, and perhaps a longer period. thony Wyatt, one of Governor Berkeley's He may have been the Robert Bolton who, councillors in 1642, may have been his son, in 1609, took the degree of A. b. at Oxford. and perhaps Ralph Wyatt, who married the On November 21st, 1623, Governor widow of Captain William Button, a gentle- Wyatt issued the following : man who had received from the Privy Coun-

" Whereas, it is ordered that Mr. Bol- cil of England a grant of 7000 acres on

KHi, minister, shall receive for his salary, both sides of the river Appomattox, VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

WILLIAM BEXNETT. on a certain Sunday, in the afternoon, on the second verse of the 9th chapter of Isaiah, at About the same time, in 1621, that Saint Scythe's Church, which was sur- Hawte Wyatt came, arrived William Ben- rounded by handsome mansions in Saint nett, in the ship " Sea Flower." He preached Swithen's lane, near London Stone. at the plantation settled under the auspices He appears to have made a favorable of Edward Bennett, a prominent London impression. In a letter to the colonial merchant, in the Warosquoyak district, authorities, the Company write, on 10th of which extended on the south side of James July, 1622, O. S.:—"We send over Mr. river. There is a warrant dated November William Leate, a minister recommended 20th, 1623, for collecting of the estate of unto us for sufficiency of learning and Robert Bennett the salary of William Ben- integrity of life." In less than six months he nett for two years. died. Governor Wyatt, the next January, His wife came in the " Abigail," in July, " wrote : The little experience we have of 1622, and shortly after his marriage, toward Mr. Leate made good your commendations the close of the year 1624, he died. of him, and his death to us very grievous." On the 22d of January, 1624-5, Catha- rine, the widow of the minister, aged twenty- GREVILLE POOLEY. four, was residing at Shirley, with William, Greville Pooley arrived in the ship her infant, three weeks old. " James," in 1622, and resided on the south side of James river, at Fleur-dieu Hundred, THOMAS WHITE. one of Governor Yeardley's plantations, In December, 1621, Thomas White ar- adjoining Jordan's plantation. rived in the ship Warwick. Governor Samuel Jordan, a few months after Wyatt and Council, in a letter to the London Pooley 's arrival, died, and the burial ser- Company,— written the next month, uses these vice was conducted by the neighboring words : " The information given you of the minister. He left a young widow about want of worthy ministers here is very true, twenty-three years of age, named Cecilia, and therefore we must give you great called Siselye, and a daughter Mary, two thanks for sending out Mr. Thomas White. years of age, and Margaret, an infant. It is our earnest request that you would be Pooley asserted that a few days after the pleased to send us out many more learned funeral he courted the widow, and was and sine. 'iv ministers, of which there is SO encouraged, but afterward she accepted the great want in so many parts of the country." attentions of William Ferrar, a neighbor, White appears to have died before 1624, and brother of the Deputy Governor of the his place has and of residence in the colony Virginia Company in London. The affair not been ascertained. caused a great deal of gossip, and Governor

Wvatt referred Pooley 's complaint of WILLIAM LEATE OB LEAKE. breach of promise to the London Company. Humphry Slany, one of the prominent In the Company's Transactions is the follow-

merchants of London, at one of the meetings ing minute, under date of April 21st, 1624 : of the London Company in 1622, informed " Papers were read, whereof one containing them that Mr. Leate, a man of " civil and certain examinations touching a difference

I carriage," formerly a preacher in New between Mr. Pooley and Mrs. Jordan, Foundland, was desirous to go to Virginia, referred unto the Company here for answer, and would put the Company to no charge, and the Court requested to confer with exeepf tor necessaries and such books as some civilians, and advise what answer was

should In- useful to him. A committee fit to be returned in such a case." A few conferred with him, and asked him to preach months later the Governor of Virginia 2 10 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

issued the following order against flirting: by fine or otherwise, according to the guilt " Whereas, to the great contempt of the of the persons so offending."

majesty of God and ill example to others, Poor Pooley at last found a woman to certain women within this colony have, of love and be his wife, but in 1629 he and

late, contrary to the laws ecclesiastical of his family were massacred by the Indians. them- the realm of England, contracted MR. FEXTON. selves to two several men at one time, At Elizabeth City, on the 5th of Septem- whereby much trouble doth grow between ber, 1624, a Rev. Mr. Fcntou was buried, parties, and the Governor and Council of who had recently arrived. State much disquieted. To prevent the

like offense to others hereafter, it is by the hi;nry jacob. Governor and Council ordered in Court that Henry Jacob, the eminent scholar aud

every minister give notice in his church, to writer, and founder of the first Independent his parishioners, that what man or woman Church in London, was induced to come to

soever shall use any words or speech tend- Virginia, about 1624, aud soon died. It is ing to the contract of marriage, though supposed that he may have gone to the not right and legal, yet so may entangle Puritan plantations of Warasquoyak, and breed struggle in their consciences, established by Edward Bennett and other shall for the third offense undergo either London merchauts, aud perhaps succeeded corporal punishment, or other punishment William Bennett.

CHAPTER III.

CLERGY FROM A.D. 1630 TO A.D. 1660.

WILLIAM COTTON. days, during divine service, and then ask

William Cotton is the second minister re- Mr. Cotton's forgiveness for using offensive siding on the eastern shore of Chesapeake aud slanderous words concerning him." Bay, and may have been the immediate Stephen Charlton, who left, on certain successor of Robert Bolton, whom we have conditions, property to the Episcopal Church noticed. It was a law of the colony " that in Northampton, or lower Accomae, was whosoever should disparage a minister with- probably the son of this offender. out sufficient proof to justify his reports, ME. falkxi:i:. whereby the minds of his parishioners might be alienated from him, and his min- Mr. Falkner, iu the proceedings of the

istry prove the less effectual, should ask the \ nbJy of 1643, is mentioned as the minister forgiveness, publicly, iu the con- rector of the large parish of the Isle of gregation." Wight county, but we find no further record

Henry Charlton, who, at the age of nine- of his life. teen, came in 1623 to Virginia, and was a It was not until after the year 1630 that servant of a planter in Accomae, Captain the colonists of Virginia began to increase •John Wilcocks, one day in 1633 called the in wealth and population. In May, 1630, Rev. Mr. Cotton "a black-coated rascal," the population of the Colony was reputed and it was ordered by the County Court, to be twenty-live hundred. But iu five

"that Mr. Henry Charlton make a pair of years it had doubled. In 1636 twenty-six -toeks, and sit in them several Sabbath ships arrived, bringing sixteen hundred \ll:<;iNIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 11

and .-ix immigrants. After this period there mary, and also contained apple, cherry, pear was some improvement in architecture. and peach trees. Panton's field of labor The Virginia planters, in a document was in the new plantation of York, aid the

written in 1623, state ' that the houses were parish of Chiskiak, created 1639—40 by the built for use and not for ornament." legislature.

The laboring men's houses in England, to In 16211 a law relative to the observance they " of the which class gay We chiefly p Sabbath was reenacted in these words : ourselves to be, are in no nerally, for 'That there he an especiall care taken by goodness, to be compared ui all commanders and others that the people To stimulate improvements, in 16 !8 the doe repaire to their churches on the Sabotb

authorities at Jamestown offered land for a day, and to see thai the penalty of one

house and to any who would build pound of tobacco for every tim<

a dwelling. and fifty pound of tobacco for every month's

Iu 1640 twelve houses were built, one of absem e, sett down in the act of the Generall brick, owned by Secretary Kemp, and con- Assembly, L623, be levyed, and the delin-

sidered the "fairest in the Colony," and at quents to pay the same, as also to see ill;

tli'- same time the first brick church in Vir- Saboth day be not ordinarily profaned by ginia, twenty-eight by fifty-six feet in size, working in any imployments, or by journey- was commenced at Jamestown. Many years ing from place to place."

afterwards, a. p. 1676, it was destroyed by About the time of Panton's arrival, in

fire, and another church, the ruins of which view of the scarcity of ministers, the legis- " are still seen, was erected. lature enacted : In such places where the

A levy of tobacco, at the same period, extent of the care of any mynister is so was ordered, to repair Point Comfort and large thai be cannot be present himself on build a Sta at Jamestown, and Mene- theSabotb dayes and other holy dayes, It is fie, sometimes spelled Menify, a prominent thought lit!. That they appoynt and allow merchant, was sent to England to dispose of mayntenance for deacons, where any having the tobacco and procure workmen. taken orders can be found, for the read

common prayer in their abseo , ANTIIOXY l'ANIOX. The Virginians had been indignant at Anthony Pantou was the most prominent the intrusion of Governor Calvert upon one of the Virginia clergy, from the beginning of their plantations in Chesapeake bay, of the reign of Charles the First until the which had scut a representative to the leg- death of Charles the Second. islature at .lamest own, and when one of their At the solicitation of < torge Menify, a citizens, of the isle of Kent, had been killed prominent man in Virginia affairs, and in a collision with Maryland -rs, they be- others, Panton, in in.",:!, came to America. came indignant at Governor Harvey's sym-

Menify had arrived in July, 1623, in the pathy with those whom they considi red in- " ship Samuel," and became, in a lew years, a truders, and on the 27th of April. 1635, a prosperous merchant of James City corpora- meeting of influential persons was held at tion, and agent for London merchants. the York plantations, to adopt measures of He lived on a plantation called Littleton, redress for the many grievances they had between Jamestown and Warwick river, Buffered from their Governor. The next and his surroundings were more refined day a meeting of the Council was held at than the other colonists, lie was the first Jamestown, and after excited discussion, per, en who raised peach trees in the valley Governor Harvey was arrested for treason, of dames river, and gave great attention to and sent over to England. The following horticulture. His of ' garden tun acres was I al a meeting of the king's Privy full of primroses, sage, marjoram and rose- Council, it was charged that one Rabnet, of 12 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

Maryland, had said that it was lawful and contempt toward the Governor in refusing meritorious to kill a heretic king, which was to answer Panton's counsel. In April, offered to be proved by one Mr. Williams, 1641, the Privy Council having heard both a minister, but Governor Harvey refused Kemp and Pauton, the sentence against the his testimony, because he married two per- minister was removed. On the 30th of sons without a license. October, Anthony Panton, calling himself Another charge was that he had silenced " Clerk and Minister of God's Word in a minister by the name of White. Virginia, and Agent of the Church and To this Governor Harvey answered that Clergy there," presented a petition to the White, in two years' time, had never shown House of Lords, in which he complained of any orders. the conduct of Governor Harvey, Secretary Archbishop Laud, who was present at the Richard Kemp and others, at whose hands the examination, sustained Harvey, by saying, colonists had suffered many arbitrary and " that no man may be admitted to serve as a illegal proceedings, in speedy trial, extor- Minister in any of the King's ships, until he tionate and most cruel oppressions which has shown his orders to the Bishop of the have extended to unjust whippings, cutting Diocese." of ears, fines, confinement of honest men's

Harvey was upheld by the King, and re- goods, peculation, and the supporting of appeared in Jamestown in 1637, with in- Popery. He also stated that Kemp had creased authority, and the increased dislike secretly fled from Virginia, carrying away of the Virginians. The Secretary of the the charter and divers records, and with his Colony and warm sympathizer with the associates had, by misrepresentations to his Governor was Richard Kemp. Majesty relative to Governor Francis Acting both as accuser and judge, in Wyatt, who had only served under his last 1638, Kemp charged Anthony Pauton, Rec- commission eighteen months, obtained a new tor of York and Chiskiack, with calling government and a new charter.

" After the reading of these complaints, it him a jackanapes ; that the King was mis- informed, and that he was unfit for the place was ordered by the House of Lords that the of Secretary, that he was poor and proud, new Governor, Sir W. Berkeley, Kt., Rich- with hair-lock tied up with a ribbon as old ard Kemp and Christopher Wormsley be as Paul's," and also that he had preached stayed their voyage, and forthwith answer against his pride; upon these charges, Har- to the charges of the petitioner. Berkeley's vey banished the minister for " mutinous, commission as Governor had been signed in rebellious and riotous actions." August, but owing to this and other delays Pauton complained to the King's Privy he did not, before February, 1642, enter Council. Harvey was soon removed from upon his duties in Virginia. office and his successor, Governor Wyatt, was ordered to inquire into the Pauton difficulty. JAMES, KNOWLES, AND TOMPSON, PURI- TANS. Before he could enter upon the examina- tion, Kemp, without permission, sailed for While Laud in England was having the England, and Thomas Stegg, of Westover, "Book of Sports" read in the churches, an influential merchant, who was once and the youth, on Sunday afternoons, were Speaker of the Assembly, was fined 50 pounds encouraged to engage in games and dances, sterling and to be imprisoned during the and the Court on Sunday evenings were at Governor's pleasure, for aiding and assisting balls, plays, and masquerades, the Virginia " him to go out of the country, and furnishing Legislature, in March, 1643, euaeted : For

him with money, because it endangered the the better observation of the Saboth, no colonial records, some of which he had person or persons shall take a voyage upon

carried away, and because he exhibited the same, except it be to Church., or for ; —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 13 other cause of extreme necessitie, upon the glebe and parsonage house that now is penaltie of the forfeiture, for such offence, of shall be appropriated and called East Parish. twenty pounds." The third parish to begin on the west side It had already, in 1629, been ordered of Nansimum river, to be limited from Cool- "that the Saboth day be not ordinarily pro- ing's creek, as aforesaid, and to extend faned by workeing in any imployments." downward to the mouth of the river, includ- The assembly of 164o provided for the ing all Chuckatuck on both sides, and the spiritual independence of the parishes outside Ragged Islands, to be known by the West of James City, by a law, which gave to the Parish." vestry of a pari.»h and the county commis- The request was prayerfully considered sioners the right to elect and make choice by the churches and ministers of Boston of their ministers, which ministers should and vicinity, and three good men offered not be suspended by the Governor, except themselves—John Knowles, pastor at by complaint made by the vestry, and that Watertown, and a ripe scholar from Im- final removal from the parish pulpit was to manuel, Cambridge ; William Tompson, be left to the Legislature. minister at Braintree, who had graduated

In the summer of 1641 the minister of at. Oxford in 1619; and Thomas James, the large parish of Upper Norfolk, afterward for two years the minister at Charlestown, Nansemond county, signified his intention and then removed to New Haven. to leave. In May, 1642, a letter was written Early in 1643 they arrived at James- and signed by Richard Bennett, Daniel town, bearing a letter of introduction from Gookin, John Hill, and others, "to the Governor Winthrop to Governor Berkeley. pastors and elders of Christ Church in New They were coldly received, and Thomas England," which was carried to Boston by Harrison, as Chaplain, used his influence Philip Bennett, one of the best men of Vir- to have them silenced, and thus prevented ginia, and contained a request for three from preaching in the churches ; but Win- pastors to occupy parishes which had been throp, in his journal, says, "Though the created by the legislature a few weeks State did silence the ministers because they before. would not conform to the order of England, " private The act was in these words : For the yet the people resorted to them in better enabling the inhabitants of this houses, to hear them." colony to the religious worship and service Knowles and James returned after a few " of Almighty God, winch is often neglected months, but Tompson, of tall and comely and slackened by the inconvenient and presence," remained longer.'' Mather, in remote vastness of parishes, a commemorative poem, alludes to bis "Resolved, That the county of Upper success in Virginia Norfolk be divided into three distinct "A constellation of great converts there parishes, viz't.: one on the south side of Shone round him, and his heavenly glory Nansimum river, from the present glebe to wear luad of said river, on the other side of the Gookin was one of them ; by Tompson's river the bounds to be limited from Cool- pain-, ing's Creek, including both sides of the Christ and New England a dear Gookin creek, upward to the head of the western gains." branch, and to be nominated the South Parish. Daniel Gookin was the son of the Daniel

"It is also thought and confirmed thai Gookin, of County Cork, Inland, who in the east side of Nansimum river, from pre- 1621 commenced a plantation at Newport's sent glebe downward to the north of said New-, 'flu' father ami SOU were both na- river be a peculiar parish, to which the tive- of Kent County, England. In 1637 —

14 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

Daniel Gookin, St., obtained a grant of after the massacre had his full sympathy,

twenty-five hundred acres upon the branch anil indicates a reviving of religious lif< . of Nansemond river, and in 1642 he was It is as follows: " president of the county court there, and one Be it enacted by the Governour, Counsell, of those who invited the ministers from New tin*! Burgesses of this present Grand Assem- England, ami by Tompson's preaching bly, for God's glory, and the publick beuefitt his son Daniel, about twenty-five years old, of the Collony, to the end that God might became a member of the Church, and in avert his heavie judgments that are now

1644 went to Boston to reside. Here he upon us. That the last Wednesday be sett became a man of influence, a friend of apart for a day of (Fast and humiliation,

Eliot, the missionary and superintendent of And that it be wholly dedicated to prayers Indian affairs. He died in March, 1687, and preaching, And because of the scarcity aged seventy-five years, and his tombstone of pastors, many ministers having charge of is still seen in the graveyard at Cambridge. two cures,

Sewall, the Chief Justice of Massachusi tts, "Be it enacted, that such a minister shall

visited him when dying ; in his diary he calls officiate in one cure upon the last Wednes- him " a right good man." His descendants day of everie month; and in his other upon were very numerous. the first Wednesday of the eusuiug month. And iu case of haveing three cures, thai hee THOMAS IIAKKISON, D.D. officiate in his third cure upon the second

Thomas Harrison first appears in Vir- Wednesday of the ensuing month, which ginia as the chaplain of Governor Berkeley. shall be their day of fast ; That the last act, He was a man of learning, eloquence and made the 11 of January. 1641, concerning pathos, and upon his arrival a strict con- the ministers preaching iu the forenoon and formist to the Canons and liturgy of the catechiseiiig in the afternoon of every Church of England. Sunday, be revived and stand iu force, On the loth of April, 1644, there was a And in case any minister do faile so to doe, naval engagement betweeu a ship whose That he forfeit 500 pounds of tobaccoe, to be captain adhered to the cause of Charles the disposed of by the vestrey for use of the First, and two ships whose officers were in parish." sympathy with Parliament. The divisions The arbitrary and choleric Berkeley dis- and strifes caused by the civil war iu Eng- liked Harrison's changed manner, and land had been noticed by the Indians, and dismissed him, as too grave a Chaplain. He on the 18th, a black Good Friday in the then crossed over to the parishes of Nanse- Colonial calendar, the savages suddenly mond, whose ministers he had helped to swarmed around the feeble settlements in drive away, and preached to the people. the Valley of the James River, and as In October, 1645, the House of Common- quickly disappeared, with their bauds full ordered that there should be liberty of of reeking scalps. Strong men fainted conscience, in matters of God's worship, m

with horror, some mourned and refused to be all of the Anieriean plantations. The next comforted, for their children were not, year Captain Sayle, afterward Governor of and all felt it was a heavy judgment. Carolina, and the venerable Patrick Copland, From this time Harrison was a changed in his youth the friend of Nicholas Ferrar, man. His sermons became more solemn and a preacher before the London Company and spiritual. He expressed his regret that, in 1622, of a sermon which was printed while keeping a fair exterior to the minis- with the title " Virginia's God be Thanked," ters from New England, he had quietly used left Bermudas with a party of sympathizers, his influence to have them silenced. and sailed to Eleuthera, a small isle of the The Act passed by the legislature soon Bahamas group, to establish a colony, —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 15 uhnv each person was to be at perfect Church Cathedral, Dublin, he preached a liberty to worship a- he pleased, without sermon on the death of Oliver Cromwell, molestation from the State. The >hip in from thetext, Lamentations, chapter v, verse which they embarked, when near their 16th, which was published with the follow- destination, struck upon a reef, and they ing title : lost much of their supplies. A- soon as "Threat Hiberniei; or, Ireland possible Captain Sayle built a pinnace, and pathizing with England and Scotland in a sad with eight men steered for Virginia, and itationfor the loss of their Josiah. Rep arrived thi re in nine days, and received resented in a sermon at Christ Church, in succor from the Nansemond qoucoe Dublin, before his Excellency the Lord ists. Finding that Governor Berkeley was Deputy, with divers of the nobility, gentry bitterly opposed to Puritanism, Sayle pro- and commonality there assembled, to celebrate pos d to Harrison that his parishioners a funeral solemnity, upon the death of the should cast in their lot with Copland and Luifl Protector, by Dr. Harrison, Chief others at Eleuthera, hut the proposition < Iiaplain to his said !'. was not accepted. THOMAS HAMPTON. Among the " Winthrop Papers" thi a letter of Harrison, written at Elizabeth Thomas Hampton seems to have been the

River, on the 2d of November, 1G4G, and successor of Harrison at Jamestown ; and in sent to Boston by Captain Edward Gibbons, " Hening's Statutes " he is mentioned as " the younger In-other of the house of an consenting, in February, 1645, to the forma- honorable extraction," in which he writes tion of a new parish called Harrope, includ- that if the proposition had "found us risen ing the Williamsburgh region. At a later up in a posture of removal, there is weight period Wallingford was also set off from the and force enough [in yours] to have staked old parish. Upon an old tombstone at us down again." Williamsburgh Bishop Meade found this After this the Nansemond Puritans, upon inscription:—"The Rev. Thomas Hampton, the express condition that there would be a Rector of this parish, in 1647." public legal acknowledgment of toleration ROBERT BRACEWELL. in religion, migrated to Maryland and settled 'in the shores of the Chesapeake, Robert Bracewell was elected a buj

near Annapolis. Harrison, in the fall of to the Assembly of 1653, but it was orden d

111!*, visited Bostou, married a cousin of ''that Mr. Robert Bracewell, Clerk, bi sue

Governor Winthrop, one Dorothy Symonds, pended, and is not in a capacity of serving

and returned to England. as a Burgess since, since it was unpresiden-

On October 11th, 1649, the < louncil of State tial, and may produce bad consequences." wrote to Governor Berkeley that they were The obstacles to bis taking a seat in the

informed by petition of the congregation of aturecanni i rtained. John 1 1am- Nansemond, that their minister, Mr. Harri- mond, for seventeen years a resident ofVir- son, an able man of unblamable con ginia, in 1652 represented tie [sleof Wight

tion, had been banished the colony because County in the Assembly, was I from he would not conform to the use of the that body and the colony, for libel and other Common Prayer hook, and as he could not be illegal practices, and then went to Maryland,

ignorant thai the use of it was prohibited and from thence to England, where he

by Parliame it, he was directed to allow Mr. appeared :.- a partisan pamphleteer in

1 larrison to r< turn to the ministry. defense of Lord Baltimore and his officers Harrison did not return to America, but in Maryland.

me < Uriel < 'haplaiu I ( Iromwi 11, lua publication i ,;i: d Leah and Rachel,"

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in < hrisl which appeared in 1656, and i- reprinted ;

16 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLKRGT. in the Force Historical Tracts, he writes: try, and very diligent in endeavouring the " But Virginia, savouring Dot handsomely in advancement of all those meaues that might England, very few ofgood conversation would conduce to the advancement of religion in adventure thither, .as thinking it a place this country, It is ordered, that he be desired where the fear of God was not yet many to undertake the soliciting of our church ; came, such as wore black coats, and could affaires in England, and there be paid him a babble in a pulpit, roar in a tavern, exact from gratuity for the many pains he hath the parishioners, and rather, by their disso- alreadie and hereafter is like to take about luteness, destroy than feed their flocks." the countrey's business, the sum of eleven " He continued : The country was loth thousand pounds of tobacco." In 1664 he to be wholly without teachers, and therefore was still rector of Hampton parish. rather retain these than to be destitute yet still endeavors for better in their places, SAMUEL COLE. which were obtained, and these wolves hi About the year 1650, in the absence of sheep's clothing, by their Assemblies were any vestry, Samuel Cole, Bishop Meade questioned, silenced, and some forced to says, was appointed minister in one of the depart the country." new counties of the Potomac, by the County ROGER GREEN. Court In 1657 Mr. Cole was minister to the two parishes in Middh sex County. In July, 1653, Roger Green, minister of

Nansemoml, is spoken of as contemplating FRANCIS DOUGHTY. a journey to North Carolina. Francis

Yeardley this year was a representative Francis Doughty is mentioned as having of Lower Norfolk County in the Legisla- preached in Lower Accomac, now North- ture, and Green probably accompanied his ampton. He was the brother-in-law of brother, Argall Yeardley, this year, in his Willliam Stone, of Hungar's parish, who

explorations to the Roanoke region. The became the first Protestant governor of Yeardleys were sons of the former Governor, Maryland, and introduced the Puritans of and, as the Nansemond people, were Puri- Virginia to the shores of the Chesapeake in tan in their sympathies. 1648, on condition that there was a law passed securing liberty of conscience. PIU LIP MALLORY. Francis Doughty first lived in New As early as the year 1644 a Mr. Mai lory England, then went to Long Island, and was rector of Hampton. In Hening's while there used to preach to the English in

Statutes is the following Act of 1656 : —" For Manhattan, now New York City. His wife the encouragement of the ministers in the was the widow of Rev. John Moore. country, and that they may be the better After Stone became governor, Doughty enabled to attend both public commands resided in Maryland, and on Sunday,

and their private cures, It is ordered, that October 12, 1659, visited the Dutch Com- from henceforth each minister, in his owne missioners from Manhattan, who were dining person, with six other servants of his family, at Philip Calvert's house. shall be free from publique levies, Allwaies The only letter extant of John Washing-

provided they be examined by Mr. Philip ton is one dated September 30, 1659, in Mallory and Mr. John Green, and they do which he tells the Governor of Maryland certify their abilities to the Governour and that he cannot attend the October Court at

Councill, who arc to proceed according tot heir St. Mary, " because then, God willing, I judgement." The, Assembly of March, 1660- intend to get my young son baptized. All 61 enacted, " Whereas, Mr. Philip Mallory of ye company and gossips being already in- hath been eminently faithful] in the minis- vited." rrscrxu ror/iVTAl. rr.ERGY. 17

Perhaps Doughty crossed the Potomac to him, presented to the Governor by John

h«- .i-rtiirin the baptismal act for one of t C'atlett and Humphrey Boothe, for refusing I pioneera of Westmoreland, Virginia. to allow them "to communicate in the

Doughty's daughter first married Adrian blessed ordinance of the Lord's Supper.'' in Vanderdonk, a graduate of Leyden, a law- which the complaiuaute state that Doughty " yer at Manhattan. After his death she be- is a nonconformist," and that on a certain came a wife oi Hugh O'Neal, a planter on occasion "he denied the supremacy of the the Patuxenl River, Maryland. king, contrary to the canons of the Church The Rev. Mr. Doughty at one time of England." A century later one George

preached in Setlingbourne Parish, about ten Washington, a relative of one of Doughty's miles from the plantation of John Washing- parishioners, also denied the supremacy of ton, and there is extant a complaint against the kino;.

CHAPTER IV.

CLERGY PROM A.l). 1660 TO A.D. 1688.

Virginia, from the death of Oliver Crom- Cromwell's tyranny drove divers worthy well until the accession of William and men hither. But I thank God there are no Mary to the throne of England, was largely free schools, nor printing; and I hope we

given up to ignorance and riotous living. shall not have, these hundred years ; for

Berkeley was again made Governor in \. i>. learning has brought disobedience, and

1660, and retained the position until \. d. heresy, and sects into the world, and print- libels against I «>77. He hated the restraints of religion, ing has divulged them and the indulged in profanity, and was the compan- Government."

ion of I he pleasure-loving Charles the Second. With a Governor and clergymen that did Having ejected hundreds of clergymen of not command the respect of good men, yel Puritan sympathies from the pulpits of Eng- laving stress upon the efficacy of it.s ordin- land, there were many vacancies for strict ance- of baptism and the Lord's Supper, it

conformists to the Prayer-book, and few de- is not strange that religious people began to place sired to go to the forests of America. I tov- hold meetings in their own bouses, and erupr Berkeley's dislike of nonconformist a Low estimate upon any kind of ritualism, ministers was also so great that they could and listen to the preachers of the Society not live iu Virginia without molestation. of Friends. fo the question of the English Govern- hi 1663, John Porter was expelled from

ment, propounded in 1671. " what course is the House of Burgesses, because, in the lan- " taken about the instructing the people guage <.f the Act, he had been loving to

within your Government in the Christian the Friends."

religion, and what provision is there made GEORGE WILSON, KKIKNU. for the paying of your ministry '.'" Berke- ley bluntly replied, " We have forty- The itinerant ministry of the Societ] right parishes, and our ministers are well of Friends, visiting from plantation to paid, and by my consent, would be better, plantation, neatly attired, temperate in

if they would pray oftenei and preach Less. the use of meat and drink, appealing only

But, as of all other commodities, so, of this, to the New Testament, could but make a

tlie the (air-minded wortt are sent u», and we had tew that we favorable impression upon ;

would ic.L-i of, since the persecution of ii stirred up formalists of the Colony, 3 —

18 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY.

to cause the passage of a law, ordering " that attained competent estates, yet, by reason of all Quakers, for assembling in unlawful as- their poor and mean condition, were unskill- semblages and conventicles, sh:il 1 be lined, ful in judging of a good estate, either of and pay, each of them there taken, two Church or Commonwealth, or the means of hundred pounds of tobacco." procuring it." George Wilson, a minister of the Society The immodest and immoral poetess, of Friends from England, was imprisoned, Aphra Behn, who lived at this period, in

and there is preserved a letter, dated, " From one of her plays, alludes to the above state that dirty dungeon in James Town, the 17th of of things, by introducing two friends at the Third Month, 1662," in which he writes, Jamestown, who converse as follows: " If they who visit not such in prison as " Hazard. This unexpected happiness

Christ speaks of, shall be punished with o'erjoys ! who could have imagined to have everlasting destruction, O ! what will ye found thee in Virginia! do? or what will become of you, who put us "Friend. My uncle's dying here left me a into such nasty, stinking prisons as this considerable plantation, * * ; * * but dirty dungeon, where we have not had the pr'ythee what drew thee to this part of the

benefit to do what nature requireth, nor so new world ? " much as air to blow in at the window, but Hazard. Why, faith, ill company, and close made up with brick and lime?" the common vice of the town, gaming. I hail rather starve abroad, K. G., PERHATS, ROGER GREEN. than live pitied and despised at home. About the time that the Colonial authori- " Friend. Would he [the new Governor]

ties were holding Friends, in Jamestown were landed ; we hear he is a noble gentle- prison, a small quarto was published in man. London, in 1662, under the signature of R. " Hazard. He has all the qualities of a

G., entitled " Virginia's Cure ; or an Ad- gentleman; besides, he is nobly born. visive Concerning Virginia, Discovering the "Friend. This country wants nothing but True Ground of that Church's Unhappir to be peopled with a well-born race, to make

ness." The writer thereof states that he had it one of the best colonies in the world, been for ten years a resident of Virginia, * * * * * but we are ruled by a Council, and he was, perhaps, Roger Green, who in some of which have been, perhaps, trans-

Henry's Statutes is mentioned, in 1653, as ported criminals, who having now acquired Minister in Nansemond. R. G., in 1661, had great estates, are now become your Honor, returned to England, and in his pamphlet, and R't. Worshipful, and possess all places." the importance of concentrating the popula- MORGAN (JODWYN OR GODWIN. tion of Virginia in two, the establishment of Fellowship in Oxford and Cambridge, Morgan Godwyn came to Virginia after for the supply of an educated ministry, and the publication, and perhaps was stirred to the appointment of a Bishop for Virginia, leave his warm nest in England by the are earnestly urged. His representations rending, of R. G.'s pamphlet. He was an made an impression, and a patent for the earnest young student, about twenty years creation of a Bishop was drawn, and the of age, when the essay was published, and Rev. Alexander Murray was nominated for belonged to a family of theologians. His the office, but difficulties arose, and the great-grandfather was the learned Thomas scheme was abandoned. Godwyn, Bishop of Bath and Wells. His Speaking of the members of the Virginia grandfather, Francis, was the Bishop of Assembly, R. G. writes, they were "usually Hereford, and his father, Morgan, Arch- such as went over servants thither, and deacon of Shropshire. He entered Oxford though by time and industry they may have in 1661, and received, on March 16th, 1664-0, —

viRfilNlA COLONIAL H.KRGY I')

the degree of a. b., and soon after came to at all, or to reduce them to their own terms." " Virginia. His residence in the Colony was In another place he asserts : Two-thirds of not pleasant. He was horrified at the state the preachers are made up of leaden lay-

lit' morals, and the abject condition of the priests of the vestries' ordination, and are Africans and Indians, who were treated with both the shame and grief of the rightly or-

less consideration than the dogs of a plant- dained clergy there."

er's kennel. Returning to England, after THOMAS TEACKLE. sojourning for sometime in the West Indies, he engaged in the crusade against slave- Thomas Teackle was the son of a royalist, holders, which a century later was taken up who was killed in the war between Charles by Clarkson and Wilberforce. In 1(580 he ami the Parliament. He came to Virginia published a dissertation called " The Negroes' in 1656, and settled at Cradock, in lower and Indians' Advocate suing for their admis- Accomac, now Northampton County. He sion into the Church, or a Persuasive to the married Margaret, daughter of Robert Nel- instructing and baptizing the Negroes and In- son, a merchant of London, and remained dians in our Plantations; showing that as the in that county until the day of his death, compliance therewith can prejudice no man's January 26, 1695. His son John, born }USi interest, so the willful and neglectful op- September 2, 1693, married, in 1710, a

posing of it is no less a manifest apostasy daughter of Arthur Upshur, a gentleman from the Christian Faith." whose house was open for Friends' preachers. Five years later he preached a discourse The descendants of this early Virginia cler- in Westminster Abbey, exposing the inhu- gyman are wide-spread. The writer values manity of slaveholding, from the text, Jere- the acquaintance of one of them, a lady of

miah ii, 34. " In thy skirts is found the quiet culture and retiring disposition, one of Teackle, of Virginia, hlood of the souls of the poor innocents : 1 whose parents was a

have not found it l>\ secret search, but upon the other a lineal descendant of a graduate

all these." It was printed under the title of Trinity College. Cambridge, Old Eng- of " Trade preferred before Religion, and land, and an early President of Harvard

Christ made to give place to Mammon, repre- University, at Cambridge, in New England. sented in a Sermon relating to Plantations" EDMUNDSON, THE FRIEND. Under his influence, ii is supposed that the law was passed by the Virginia Assem- William Edmundson, once a soldier in bly of 1067, declaring that the baptism of Cromwell's army, came to the Chesapeake slaves did not make them freemen; in order with George Fox, the great leader among that, in the language of the Act, "divers the Society of Friends. While the latter

masters, freed from this doubt, may more visited New England, Edmundson traveled carefull) endeavor the propagation of in North Carolina and Virginia. In K>7'2 Christianity by permitting children, though he visited Governor Berkeley, ami in his

slaves, or those of greater growth, it' capable, Journal writes: " to be admitted to that sacrament." As I returned, it was laid upon me to

His description of religion in Virginia i- visit the Governor, Sir William Berkeley,

startling. He writes " 'flu- ministers are and to -peak with him about Friend-' suf-

most miserably handled by the plebeian ferings. I went about six miles out of my the t" » the to speak with him, accompanied by Juntos, Vestries, horn hiring I that way

is the usual word there land admission of min- William Garrett, an honest, ancient Friend.

isters is solely left. And there being no law I told the Governor I came from Ireland, obliging them to procure any more than a where hi- brother wa- Lord Lieutenant, lav reader, to he obtained at a very moder- who was SO kind to our Friend-, and if he ate rate, they either resolve to have none had any service to his brother, I would —

20 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLBKGr".

willingly do it ; aud as his brother was ginia, with Major General Robert Smith, kind to our Friends in Ireland, I Imped he remained seven years as a minister in Mid would be so to our Friends in Virginia. dieses County, aud then went back to Eng- He was very peevish and brittle, aud 1 land, and became minister ofSt. James,< Ilerk- could fasten nothing on him with all the enwell. lie died on the 12th of January, soft arguments I could use." 1726, and was buried in the parish church- yard. He had a son, Duell, a graduate of JOHN CLOUGH Hi: CLDFF. Sidney College, Cambridge, in 1712, who John Cluff was one of the ministers de- became a minister and came to America. nounced by young Nathaniel Bacon in the By the will of the senior Pead, some horses civil war of 1676, for upholding Governor ami cows were led to his old (parish in Berkeley. In the year 1680 he was Rector Virginia. of Southwark, in Surry County. .JOHN CLAYTON. JOHN PAGE. Buck, Harrison, Hampton, and God- John Page was another clergyman de- win, have been noticed as ministers at nounced in 1676 by Bacon. In 1680 he Jamestown. By a law of the colony, the had charge of all the churches in Elizabeth appointment of a rector for this place was County. In 1687 he was in New Kent made by the Governor. Godwin asserts County, and in 1719 he was still alive and that, with brief intervals, Jamestown for in Elizabeth County. twenty years was without a rector. About the time that Godwin was pre- MR. WADING. paring his discourse in England, on "Trade When Bacon led the insurgents to before Religion," John Clayton was the Gloucester County, a minister named Wad- parson at James City. The following letter ing refused to acknowledge his authority, was addressed by him to the Christian and encouraged others to follow his exam- philosopher, Robert Boyle : ple. Bacon placed him under arrest, telling him that it was his place to preach in the "Virginia, Jamks City, dune 23d, 168-1.

Church and not in the camp. In the Church " Hon. and Worthy Sir, : — In England, he could say what he pleased, but in the having perused, among the rest of your camp he was to say no more than what valuable treatises, that ingenious discourse should please Bacon, unless he would fight to of the Noctaluea, wherein, as I remember, better purpose than he could preach. The you gave an account of several nocturnal second in command under Major Laurence irradiations; having, therefore, met with Smith, during the Bacon insurrection, was the relation of a strange account in that a minister, wh%; says a chronicler of the nature, from very good hands, I presumed day, " had laid down the miter, and taken this might not prove unwelcome, for the

up the helmet." fuller confirmation of which I have enclosed the very paper Col. Digges gave me thereof, DUELL PEAD. under his own hand and name, to attest the

On the 16th of April, 1663, in the West- truth, th«' same being likewise asserted to minster Abbey lout, then newly set up, me bv Madam Digges, his lady, sister to

Duell Pead, one of the King's scholars, the said Susa \ Sewell, daughter to the about sixteen years of age, was publicly late Lord Baltimore, lately gone for Eng-

baptized. He entered, in 1664, Trinity ( Al- land, who 1 suppose may give you fuller

lege, Cambridge. Ordained by the Bishop satisfaction of such particulars as you may of Lincoln, in 1671, he was chaplain of H. be desirous to be informed of. " M. Ship Rupert. In lt>8:J he came to Vir- I cannot but admire the strangeness of Virginia coloni \i. clergy 21

salt some years before the such ;i complicated spirit of a volatile third John Clayton

its Declaration of Independence, who was and exalted oil, as I deem it bo be, from colony. crepitation and shining flame; how it shall Attorney-General of the transpire through the pores, and not be in- WILLIAM 8ELLICK. flamed by the joint motion and heat of bhe body, and afterward so suddenly be acti- William Sellick was in charge of St. nated into sparks, by the slacking or burst- Peter's Parish, New Kent, in 1680.

ing of her coal, raise.-, my wonder.

"Another thin;:. 1 am confident your ROBERT CARK.

lie much pleased at the sight honor would Robert Carr appears to have been we have here, called the fire-fly, of a fly officiating in New Kent for six years from its about the bigness ot'the eantharide- ; body a. i... 1680. of a dark color, the tail of it a deep yellow THOMAS VICARS. bv dav, which by night shine- brighter than the glow-worm, which brightshining ebbs and Thoma< Vicar- came to Virginia about

flows, as if the fly breathed with a bright 1677, and was connected with the parishes

and shining spirit. 1 pulled the tail of the of Gloucester county for twenty year-.

fly into several pieces, and every parcel thereof would shine for several hours, and JUSTINIAN AYI..MIK. cast a light around it. Justinian Aylmer, Bishop .Meade states, interpret thi= "Be pleased favorably to was at Elizabeth City from 1667 to fond impertinency of a stranger. All your 1690, a period of twenty-three years, yet his (rorks have to the world evidenced your name does not appear, in 1680 among the goodness, which has encouraged the pre- Rectors of Virginia. sumption, which is that which bids me hope its

pardon. It' there be anything in this coun- JOHN BHEPPARD. you pleased try I may please in, be to com- John Sheppard appears in Middlesex

it serve you, mand; will be my ambition to county as early as 1668, and in 1680 was in

I ride three nor shall scruple to two or charge of Christ's Church parish. Sir satisfy any you hundred miles to query Henry Chichely was one of hi- parishion- shall propound. ers, •• It' von honor me with your commands, WINI8TERS 1675 TO 168o. you may direct your letters to .Mr. John Clayton, parson of James City, Virginia. In addition to those we have enumerated, " Your humble servant, and, though un- the following ministers were in Virginia

known, your friend, between A. I). l()7-5 and 1688, "Johs Clayton." Rowland Jones, James City county, a. d. 1(174 to 1688. The writer appears to have returned to Paul Williams, Surrey county,A.D. 1680.

England and become Rector of Crofton at Robert Park, [sle ol Wight county, \- Wakefield in Yorkshire. In .May, 1688, n. 1680

he prepared tin- the Royal Society an William Efousden, Isle ofWighl county,

account of his voyage to Virginia, and the a. i.. 1680.

thing- worthy of observation, which, in John Gregory, Nansemond county, a. i>. 1708, was published at L Ion. Another 1680.

John Clayton, an eminent botanist and John Wood, Nansemond county, \. i>. physician, when about twentj years of age, 1680. came in lTuti to Virginia, and in 177:; died, John Laureucc. Warwick county, a. u. aged eigbty-»eveu years. There was also a 1680. —

22 VIRGINIA fol.ONIAI, CI.KRGV

William Nem, Norfolk county, A. d. ( lharles Davies, Rappahannock county, a. 1680. d. 1680.

James Porter, Norfolk county, a. i>. 1680. John Wough, Stafford county, a. d. 1680.

Edward Foliott, York county, a. i>. 1680. William Butler, Westmoreland county. John Wright, York county, A. n. 1680. A. D. 1680.

Thomas Taylor, New Kent county, A. ]>. .John Farnefold, Northumberland county, 1680. a. d. 1680. AVilliam Williams, New Kent county, a. Henry Parker, Accomac county, a. d. d. 1680. 1680. Michael Zyperius, Gloucester county, A. Benjamin Doggett, Lancaster county, a.

i). 1680. d. 1680.

John Gwvni, Gloucester county, v. J). Cope D'Oyley, Elizabeth county, a. d. 1680. 1677 to 1687!

CHAPTER IV.

LIFE AND TIMES OF JAMES BLAIR, D.D., FOUNDER AND FIRST RECTOR OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE.

After the death of Sir William Berkeley, at the University of Edinburgh, and in time Lord Culpepper, and Lord Howard, of became a Presbyter of the Episcopal Church Effingham, in succession, acted as Governors in Scotland, without Episcopal ordination. of Virginia, and, though noblemen in name, Burnet, once Archbishop of Glasgow, who

proved themselves corrupt and avaricious lived in Scotland from a. d. 1643 to 1688, in practice. asserts: "No bishop in Scotland, during During their terms of office there was a my stay in that kingdom, ever did so much large accession of Scotchmen to the popula- as desire any of the Presbyter- who went tion of Virginia. Immediately after the over from the Church of Scotland to be re- battle of Bothwell's Bridge a number of ordained." Blair, for several years was the hardy insurgents were transported to rector in the parish of Cranston, in Edin- America, and about the same time another burgh county, but relinquished his office, and element not quite so desirable. Luttrell, in 1084 received from the Bishop of Edin- connected with the Government offices of burgh, the following certificate: London, writes, in his diary, under date of " To all concerned. These are to certify November 19th, 1692:—"A ship lay in and declare that the bearer hereof, Mr. Leith, going for Virginia, on board which James Blair, presbyter, did officiate in the the magistrates had ordered fifty lewd service of the Holy Ministry, as Rector in women out of the House of Correction, and the parish of Cranston, in my diocese of thirty others who walked the streets after Edinburgh for several years preceding the ten at night." In addition to exiled soldiers year 1682, with extreme diligence, care and

and bawd.-, there came, as a foil, men fit to gravity, and did in all the course of his mold a State, men of angular manners, ministry behave himself loyally, peaceably

provincial accent, warm hearts, strong and canonically ; and that this is the truth,

minds, and religious principles, whose de- I certify by these presents, and subscribed scendants yet remain a power in the Com- with my own hand, the 19th day of August, monwealth. in the year 1684." In the year 1673 James Blair graduated When Blair, in 1685, arrived at James- — — —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 23

town, lie found th< social condition the tioned therein as among the original

\\it contrast t • » hi< native land, where trustees. In the preamble to the statutes

the poorest cottager owned a well-thumbed of the College, published at a very early

Bible : had reasons for the faith thai was in period, in Latin and English, the con-

him; and although not clothed "in purple dition of Virginia at that time is thus

and line linen," fell that stated : "Some few, and very few indeed, of the " The rank is but tin guinea's stamp, rii her sort sent their children to England

The man's the gowd for a' that." to be educated, and there, alter many dangers from the ,-cas, and enemies, and With do schools in the colony, the unusual distempers occasioned by the change planters had grown up in ignorance, and of country and climate, they were often

wen tie tools of a few rich land anil slave taken off by small-pox and other diset owners, who, in conjunction with the It was ir w Icr if thi> occasioned a great

Governors, enriched themselves by oppres- defect of understanding, and all sorts of lit- sive tees and unjust taxation. erature, and that it was followed with a new The religion which Blair had learned generation of men, far short of their fore- taught him to think of the common people, lathers, which, if they had the good fortune, and that his calling as a minister of the though at ;i very indifferent rate, to read

Gospel would be a failure if their elevation and write, had no further commerce with was not secured. His policy, and those of the muses, Or learned sciences, but spent the oligarchy who came to Virginia to grow their life ignobly with the hoe and spade, rich suddenly, did not ham ize, and great and other employments of an uncultivated heat arose from the contrariety. and unpolished country."

When he landed in Virginia he found Blair, upon hi- return, was appoint,, I Thomas Teackle, of lower Accomac, James rector of the collegi and turned his Sclater, Duel Bead, Jonathan Saunders, energies toward the erection of a building Cope D'Oyley, Rowland Jones, and a few at the point afterward known as Williams- other clergymen in the Colony, but they burgh. From this time the number of did not possess the " perfervidam vim Sco- Scotch clergymen increased in the parishes. " toruni by which he was characterized. In 1696 there wire ministers with these In liiMMic w a- appoiuted the representa- 3: Francis Fordyce, John Alexander, tive of the Bishop of L Ion, with the Christopher Anderson, G ge Robinson, title of Commissary, but with no power to Andrew Monro, John Monro, Blair'.- brother- i onfirm or ordain. in-law, and Andrew Cant, who may have ka a Scotchman, he could not rest until bet d the son of Andrew Cant, the Presby- Bchool-teachere were in the land, and he terian zealot, who was Professor of Latin, kept up an agitation for a college, both in and the parish minister of Aberdeen, handed

private and public conferences, until he down to posterity in the well known lin< overcame the objection that education " would take planb re off from their mechani- From Dickson, Henderson and Cant, cal employments, and make them grow Apostles of iln Covenant, too knowing to be obedient and -ubmissive. Almighty God deliver us."

Proceeding to England, on February 8tli, 1692-93, the charter for William and Andrew, hi- son, entered the Scotch Epis- .Mary College was duly signed, and he and copal Church, in time became the Bishop three other clergymen, John Farnefold, of Glasgow, and in 1728 died. Stephen Fouace, who afterwards returned The downright earnestness and strong to England, and Stephen Gray, were men- convictions of Blair roused opposition anion:; — ——

24 VIRGINIA COI.n.VIAI rLERGT. the clergy ami politician*. Sir Edmund A pasquinade printed in v d 1704, is Andres, who was made governor of Vir- very severe upon some of tin clergy. ginia, after leaving a memory by ii" means Edward l'or.lork i< lampooned at .in in New England, suspended him • The cotquean of the a. from thr Council, because <'t' bis alleged elerk ami reverend sag induct," and the clergy in sympa- A doughty turns his pulpit to a st thy with the governor, opposed him bet Who

And barters reformation : he ili>l ii"t '-any on affairs in the high ami to his win-, false to his frieud, dry way of the old English rectors. Rude down in conversation." \ olas Moreau, a minister of French A parentage, on the 12th of April. ltWT. Jacob Ware, who. from 1690 to 1696 writes to the Bishop of Lichfield: "Your was minist.-r of St. Peter's parish, N- w ey in these parts are of very ill exam- Kent, is portrayed as ple : ii" discipline nor canons of the Church are observed. The clergj is composed for " Well warmed and tit for action ; indeed, the most part of Scotchmen, people/ A mongrel parti-colored tool, so basely educated, or little acquainted with Equally mixed of knave and fool, that the executing of their charge and duty, Bv nature prone to faction." their lives and conversation are fitter to make heathen than Christian-." Ralph Bowker is stigmatized as Not long before this letter was written. " A bawling pulpit Elector : the wife of Commissary Blair was grosslj A. sot, abandoned to his paunch : insulted. Philip Ludwell, formerly - Profane without temptation." tary of tin- colony, had married the widow

..f Sir William Berkeley. By invitation ri -man Whateley, another of the clergy, was accustomed to -it in Lady Mrs. Blair i- Berkeley's pew in church. Colonel Daniel " A tool no pi rsou cau describe ; Parke, a gay, violent ami dissipated man, Who sells his conscience for a bribe, hail become much offended at a sermon And slights his benefactors." which Eburne, tin rector, had preachedj upon the observance of the seventh com- These lines were probably written by on< mandment, as he had been faithless to his of the friend- of Governor Nicholson, who marriage vows. One, day in ill humor, disliked Blair as much as his predecessor, Parke went to church, and finding Mrs. - Edmund Ajidros. Nicholson was a Blair in the pew "I' Ludwell, who was his m in speech and manner. One night, father-in-law, In- rudely pulled her out. while riding, he met the minister, Stephen

Ft uace, who came into the colony a. p. 1688, • Parke hail been appointed by Andros Collector not to visit a certain ..rid Naval Officer fur tin- Lower James River Di«- and ordered bim two daughters In Virginia, hi was Leavlng family. When remonstrance was made, the 17m. wiih 1 he Puke in Marlborough in ami was the " came Aid Who brought toKngland the news of the victory Governor said, excitedly, When you nt Blenheim. hither, you had more rags than bags!" The Queen Vn " Governorol the Leeward of the clergyman was: "It was uo Islands; he was very unpopular, and on the Tin of reply De< ember, no, was killed by a mob at Antegoa. His daughter Lucy married Col. Wm. Byrd, and Bruton; formerly of Hunger Paris) istern Kanny became ilie wire ol John t'ustis. Collector oi snore of Virginia, and County ol Northampton, Customs In Accomac, a descendant of a Kotterdam aged 7] years, and yet be lived bul 7 years, which Inn-keeper. was the sp.-w. oftlme he kept a bachelor's home, at

The Inscription on bis tombstone Indloatea that jton, on the Eastei ' Virginia." in- did not have much domestic felicit) ills son. John Parke i iMo,, married Martha Dan- she " lies the body ol John drld b. When a widow. Martha Costls, mi lien , under Ibis marble, Washington Cuatls, Esq., ol the oily of WUllamsbi married to ihe jreat George \ Ml|,llM\|, i|l 25

in Nan-, mood harm in nave been poor.' The Governor i Friends in bis neighborhood

1 Copeland, then null' 1 • and pulled his hat From hie county, one of whom was John 1 head, and asked how he had the impudence whose ear had been cul off in Boston in to ride in his presence with covered bead. 1658, as a disturber of th

»-:i dis- The dispute between Governor Nichol In \. i>. 1 »>98 there nj »| red another and Blair divided the colony into parties. ciple "l l'"x in Virginia, named Thomas Li- v Nicholson wrote to the Borne Governmenl Story, ;i brother of tin Dean of . of

" It fully mine the Blair faction ; thej the Church "t' England and Ireland, innl the power of using tin Scotch way of the equal of Blair in culture, scholarship, using the thummikins, or the French way and logical acumen. Toward the close "I

.if tin rack, or the Barbary way of impal- 1698, o.s.. he held she first Friends' meeting

ing in' twisting a cord about peoples' heads, at YTorktown. Two days later he was at the to make them confess, they would Bcarcely hmi.se of Tin. ma- Cary, in Warwick, who,

find any to swear up to what they would with hi- wit'e, had lately I" me Friends,

have them." In another letter he writes of and while visiting there. Mile- Cary and his Blair: "He mighl have had a Bort of wife " were made partakers of the heavenly spiritual militia, but into whom, m> doubt, visitation.'' he would have endeavored to have infused Crossing the James river into Nansemond, -'me worldly principles, as that they mighl he stopped at the house of tin aged Cope- havi enjoyed a comfortable terrestrial sub- land, whose singli ear attested what be had sistence before they had endeavored to lost and suffered for the faith, in Boston, fort) have secured themselves a celestial habita- years before. On the lotl. of tin- Second tion." month, 1699, he visited tin Chickahominy Blair, in 1705, was relieved of Nichol- village, of eleven wigwams, on Pamunkey son's abuse, by his recall ami the appoint- oeck, and then went one mile, to the ha meat of Edward Notl a- deputy of Karl of of a -on ( tin- distinguished William Clay- Orkney, Governor, borne, for many year- secretary of tin- By tin- year 1700 a uumber of French Colony. Two week- later he preaches at clergymen had been licensed by the the 'house of a Baptist minister in Yorktown, Bishop of Loudon to preach in Virginia, and from thence travels t" Pocoson, where

i ent.-r- and we find the names of Mor.au, Boisseau, he found a Is . elation, and was Burtell and Lewis Latane, the ancestor of tained by Thomas Nichols ami wit'e, the the esteemed Presbyter of the Reformed latter, he -ay-, in bis journal, "though a Episcopal Church who bears the same name, mulatto by extraction, yel nol too tawny The inhabitants divided into parties upon for the divine light of tin- Lord Jesus questions of public policy, leading to angry Christ." At Kecoughtan, now Hampton, discussion and social alienation, many of he tarried with George Walker, whose wife the clergy preaching tor the love of money, was the daughter of the one.' noted (Quaker rather than constrained by the love of preacher, George Keith.

Christ, it i> not surprising that plain people A -..oiid visitation was made by Story, in

n to attach themselves to the Society of a.i>. 1705. On the '20th of the Fourth Friends, whose ministers accepted no com- month he was at Williamsburgh, conversing pensation, and that not a few in high places with Governor Nicholson upon the reasou- people opinion , were influenced by their earnest declarations ableness ol "all that are of

concerning the love of Christ for sini that thej ought to pay their preachers paj Before Blair left the University of Edin- ing their own, and not exacting pay from burgh, Richard Bennett, who had been others who do not employ nor hear them." Governor of Virginia, a man of wealth and Two day- afterward he .ailed at the house influence, had sympathized with the of Miles Cary, Secretary ol Warwick :

2fi VIRGINIA 0O1.0NIAI, Cr.ERGY. county. Ou the 5th of tin- Seventh month men who did not lay stress upon tin: powet

his traveling companion, Joseph Glaister, ' of the Holy Spirit had lint few hearers. had a discussion with Andrew Monro, a Blair, amid all of the distractions within Scotch clergyman, at the mansion of Colonel his own branch of the Church, and the con- Bridges, at the south side of the James troversies caused by the presence of Friends' river. The weather being hot, Monro, who preachers, was studious and faithful in his was an elderly man, became so faint and sermons. At ;i Convention of the Episco-

weary as scarcely to he heard ; at length he pal clergy, in \.i>. 1710, held at Williams- called for a pipe of tobacco and a tankard burgh, the question was considered, whether of ale, and soon, on his part, the discussion the Commissary had ever been Episcopally " ended in drink and smoke." ordained? A majority voted that they had

Five days afterwards James Burtell, the no evidence of the feet. The men who French clergyman, came to the house of placed themselves ou record upon this Thomas Jordan, a county judge, to hold point, were I'ownal, Seagood, Emanuel a public discussion with Story, as to the done-, Lewis Latane, Bartholomew Yates, baptism intended in the words of Jesus John Skaife, Hugh Jones, John Worden, Christ: "Go ye, therefore, and teach all John Bagge, James Falconer, Alexander nations, baptizing them in the name of the Scott, and Ralph Bowker. Father, and of the Sou, and of the Holy Yates was one of the most devoted cler- Ghost." gymen in the Colony. Ordained at Ful- Burtell affirmed that water baptism only ham, by the Bishop of London, in a.d. 1710. was commanded. Story argued that the he arrived in Virginia, and became the baptism of the Holy Ghost was intended. minister of Christ Church parish, in Mid- "I grant," said the latter, "the apostles dlesex county. He was chosen Professor of could not baptize with the Holy Ghost at Divinity in William and Mary College, but their own pleasure, when and whom and still continued rector of his old parish, until where they would, in their own wills, as your July 26th, 1734, the day of his death. Not ministers can and do administer what they far from the Rappahannock river, in a call, and have taught you, Christ's baptism; deserted churchyard, is now seen the stone but that the apostles could not instrument- over his remains, erected by his parishioners, ally baptize with the Holy Ghost, I and the inscription thereon states that he deny." * * * * At the same time he re- was a tender husband, indulgent father, ferred to the text, "Go ye into all the world gentle master, and that " he explained his and preach the Gospel to every creature. doctrine by his practice, and taught and

He that believeth and is baptized shall be led the way to heaven." saved ; but he that believeth not shall be Lewis Latane, another respected minister,

damned." And that this was not water came in the < iolony about i he year 1700, baptism plainly appeareth, for Jesus said and for twenty-three years preached in " John truly baptizeth with water, but ye South Farnham parish, Essex county. shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not Emanuel Jones, of Petworth, Gloucester many days hence." county, arrived the same time as Latan6, Story, also, declared that the baptism and was a tutor of the college. here spoken of was contra-distinguished Skaife, who had been a curate iu Cam- from John's baptism, and could only be bridgeshire and Bedfordshire, came to Vir- administered by the power of the Holy ginia, in 1708, and for many years had the Ghost, co-working in them, with them, and charge of the parish of Strattou Major, in by them. King and Queen county, and was one of the These discussions caused the people to trustees of the college. " search the Scriptures," and those clergy- Bagge had been a curate in the dio- —

VIRGINIA rrtLONIAL CLERGY. 27

ee?e of Lismore, and in 170',l came to the the Governor of Virginia announced that

( Jolony. one-half of the population capable of bear- Bugh Jones arrived in Maryland 1698; ing arms was composed of negroes and in- about 1703 was elected Professor of Mathe- dentured servant*. matics in William and Mary College. In In the Legislature of 1722-23 a law

1 7"J4 there was published at London a relative to suffrage was passed, which caused

duodecimo of one hundred and fifty pages, some discussion.

with the title, " The Present State of Vir- For almost a half century after the set- ginia, and Short View of Maryland and tlement at Jamestown universal suffrage " North Carolina. By Rev. Hugh Jones, prevailed, but in 1653 it was limited to all \.m.. Chaplain to the Honorable Assembly, housekeepers, freeholders, leaseholders or and late Minister at Jamestown, Virginia." tenants," but two years after universal The book contains the following descrip- suffrage was restored, with the proviso that tion of the mode of worship during the term the votes were to be given by subscription of Commissary Blair. instead of viva voce, and the Act was pre- " In several respects the clergy are obliged faced with a preamble stating that the to emit or alter parts of the Liturgy, and Assembly conceived "it something hard

deviate from the stricl discipline, to avoid and unagreeable to reason that any persons giving offense, or else to prevent absurdities shall pay taxes and have no votes in elec- and inconsistencies. Thus surplices disused tion." there for a long time in most churches, by After the restoration of monarchy in bad examples, carelessness and indulgence, England, and the return of Sir William are now beginning to be brought into fash- Berkeley to the governorship, suffrage was ion, not without difficulty; and in some again restricted to freeholders and house-

parishes where the people have been used to holder-. The preamble of tin- Act of 1670

receive the communion in their seats, a is in these words : custom introduced for opportunity for such " Whereas the usual way of choosing bur- as were inclined tu presbytery to receive the gesses by the votes of all person.-, who, sacrament sitting, il is mil SO easj a matter having their time, are served freemen ; who to bring them to the Lord's table, decently, having little interest in this country, do nil their knee-." oftener make tumults at the election, than by At the time of this publication, the college making choice of Hi persons, and whereas at Williamsburgh is described as "without the km- of England granl a voice in such a chapel, without a scholarship, without a elections only to such as by their estates, statute." On the 28th of June, 1732, the real or personal, have interesl enough to tie College chapel was opened by President them to the endeavor of the public good ;" Blair, preaching a sermon from Proverbs then followed the restrictive clause, already xxii, 6. ''Train up a child in the way he alluded to. should go, and when he is old he will nol In a few years the republican feeling was depart from it." A year later the founda strengthened by Bacon and others, and in tinn for the President's house was laid, the 1676 the restrictive clause wa- revoked, and President and each of the faculty laying universal suffrage again became the law of mie of the first five bricks. the land. I7imi About the year the African popu- Eight yi ars pass, and in T684 it is again lation began to increase. Gover -Nich- enacted thai none but freeholder- should olson writes in July of that year, that exercise the right of suffrage. It was uol •-' ' - were bringing "from twenty-eight until more than a hundred vr;ir- alter the tu thirty guineas a head," and adds, "I meeting of the first legislative assembly that believe two thousand would sell." In 1712 any effort was made io prevent the voting — —

IS YFRfilNTA COEONIA] CLERGY of Indians or free negroes. The Assembly they have not in like manner assented, for of 1722-23, however, enacted that " no free the common good." negrOj mulatto, or Indian whatsoever shall Amid all the distractions of an active

Lave any vote at ihe election of burgesses or life, Commissary Blair found time to pre- any other election whatsoever." As required, pare one hundred and seventeen discourses the statutes passed by this Assembly were on the sermon on the Mount, which were sent over to England for approval by the first published in London, in five octavo Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, volumes. Dr. Doddridge, the Scripture ex- and they were referred to their attorney, positor, pronounced it the best commentary Richard West, afterward Lord Chancellor on the fifth, sixth and seventh chapters of of Ireland, for examination. He reported Matthew extant, and adds: adversely to the restrictive suffrage, using "He appears to have been a person of this language, " I cannot see why one free- the utmost candor, and has solicitously man should be used worse than another, avoided all unkind and contemptuous re- merely upon account of his complexion." Heetions on his brethren. He has an excel- But, notwithstanding the opinion of the lent way of bringing down criticism to com- jurist, the Commissioners allowed the law mon capacities, and has discovered a vast to exist. When George Mason drew the knowledge of Scripture, in the application first Declaration of Rights in America, of them." A second edition of the work which was adopted by the Virginia Conven- appeared in 1740, iu four volumes, with a tion in June, 1776, as part of their first preface by Bishop Waterland. Constitution, he reincorporated the idea George Whitfield, in his Diary, under

set forth in the Suffrage Law of 165b', that date of 15th of December, 1740, writes : it was "something hard and unagreeable to "Paid my respects to Mr. Blair, Commis- reason that any persons shall pay taxes and sary of Virginia. His discourse was have no votes in election." savory, such as tended to the use of edify- The sixth Article of the Declaration of ing. He received me with joy, asked me Rights was in these words: to preach, and wished my stay were "That elections of members to serve as longer."

representatives of the people in the Legis- In 1743, after a ministry in Virginia of lature ought to be free, and that all men more than fifty years, he died, having having sufficient evidence of permanent, proved himself an "emeritus miles," by

common interest with, and attachment to, "enduring hardness as a good soldier of the community, have the right of suffrage, Christ."

and cannot lie. taxed or deprived of their His son John, lived to see the independ- property for public uses without their own ence of the United States of America, and

consent, or that of their representative so to be. one of the first judges of the Supreme elected, nor bound by any law to which Court, appointed by President Washington. ViU.INT \ rii[.n\| \ i ri ERG"! 29

CHAPTER VI.

LIFE AND TIMES OF JONATHAN BOUCHER, THE TOR'V ' t/ERGYMAN, A.l>. 1759-1775.

Jonathan as one of thi new field of labor, and remained seven representati ' :lergy, from year-. Here he established a boarding

tin- period Brad- -el I in his own house, and at onetime dock until ' ad thirty pupils. Among his pupils

1 < the -on of free and indepi i ii Parke lustis, step " o, . he, laid He was born on the . "This,' >av- particular intimacy at Blencogo, in Cumberland i land. While completing his educatio till wi finally mathematics, under the direction of a Rev. a our

Mr. Ritson, who lived al Workington, near taking the mouth of the Derwent, he received an " Mr. Wushii appointment as private tutor in the family sons, of parents distil of Captain Dixon, who lived on the Rap- their rank, nor fortune. La pahannock river. eldest -on. became a soldier, ami .

In July, 1759, In- reached hi- destination the expedition to Carthagena, where, getting at Port Royal. In his autobiography he into some scrape with a brother officer, it writes: " Being hospitable, as well as was -aid he did not acquit himself quite SO wealthy, Captain Dixon's house was much well as he ought, and so sold out. resorted to, brri chiefly by toddy-drinking "George, who, lik< most people there- company. Port Royal was chiefly in- abouts at that time, had no other educa- habited by tin-tor- from Scotland, and their tion than reading, writing and accounts, dependents, and the circumjacent country which he wa- taught by a convict servant, by planters in general, in middling circum- whom his father bought for a schoolmas- stances. There was not a literary man, tor ter, first set out in the world as Surveyor aught I could find, nearer than in the ..f Orange County, an appointment of country I had jusl left, nor were literary about half the value of a Virginia lectin v. attainments, beyond merely reading or writ- perhaps £100 a year. ing, at all in vogue." "When the French made encroachments

In A.D. 1761, In- was unexpectedly asked on the Western Frontier, in 1754, this on, to enter tie- mini-try. A Rev. Mr. ' riberne, Washington was sent out to examine, who lived on the north side of the Rappa the -pot, how far what was alleged was bannock, opposite Port Royal, about to true, and to remonstrate on tin occasion. marry a rich widow in Richmond county, He published In- journal, which in Vir- resigned hi- parish, and the vestry asked ginia, at least, drew on him some ridicule. * him to till the vacancy. He wenl to London, * * Ai Braddock's defeat, and

was ordained by Bishop Osbaldiston, and in every subsequi ion throughout the .Inly, 1762, became the rector of the parish war, he acquitted himself much in the in King George county, and preached at same manner as, in my judgment, he has

Leeds. In le

line county, made vacant by tile death of 1 He i- shy, silent, stern, si « and cau- the Rev. Thomas Dawson, Commissar} oi tion-. In hi- moral character, he

Virginia, which he accepted. is regular, temperate, strictly just and

In the spring of 1763 he moved to this honest, and, as I always thought] religious. — — —

30 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY

having heretofon been pretty constant, there are not six organ-; tin Psalmody is mid even exemplary in his attendance on everywhere ordinary and mean, and in public worship in the Church of England. not a few places there is none."

Bui lie seems to have nothing generous or Unlike Blair, he had no sympathy, with affectionate in his nature. Just before Whitfield and his followers. Davies, more the close of the last war he married the than his equal in eloquence, scholarship and widow Custis, and thus came into the pos- spirituality, afterward President of Prince-

Hi of her large joiuture. He never ton, he looked down upou as a common dis- had any children, and lived yerj much senter. He used every mean- to prevent like a gentleman, at Mount Vernon, in the growth of nonconformity, and in one of

Fairfax County, where the most distin- his sermons regrets it< increase, and stated guished part of his character was that he that thirty years ago there was not a dis- was an admirable tanner." senting congregation in Virginia, while This estimate of Washington, from a then there were eleven ministers, and each Tory, ean now he perused with complacency, with from two to four congregations. since the world has long ago declared In his autobiography he remarks, " I attributed much of my success in this (keep- " He was a man; take him for all in all, ing down nonconformists),. to my avoiding

I shall not look upon his like again." all disputation with their ministers, whom

I spoke of as beneath such condescension, on The French charged that Washington, the score of their ignorance and their impu- under excitement, tired upou Jumonville, dence. And when one of them publicly chal- the French commander, while he was lenged me to a public debate, I declined it, but bearing a flag of truce. De Villiers, in at the same time set up one Daniel Bark-dale, his report of Washington's surrender at a carpenter in my parish, who had a good

Fort Necessity, wrote : front, and. a voluble tongue, and whom,

"We made the English consent to sign therefore, f easily qualified to defeat his op- that they had assassinated my brother." In ponent, as he effectually did. And I am the articles of agreement it is so written. still persuaded that this method, of treating In 1756, these facts were brought to light the preachers with well-judged ridicule and by William Livingston, of New Jersey, contempt, and their followers with gentle- and no doubt caused some criticism and ness, persuasion, aud attention, is a good ridicule of Washington. one." shivery, Boucher, in one of his sermons, give> a I poii I he subjeel of African picture of the bald and desolate appear- he held the views of Henry, Jefferson and ance of the parish churches at the period Washington. Destituteof moral cowardice, of the Revolution. He remarks: "Our in 1701! he preached a sermon, in which he churches in general are ordinary and mean remarked buildings, composed of wood, without "Were an impartial and comprehensive -piles or towers, or Steeples or bells, and observer of the state of society in these placed, for the most part, like those of our Middle Colonies asked whence it happened remotest ancestors in Great Britain, in that Virginia and Maryland, which were the retired and solitary spots, and contiguous first planted, and are superior to many colo- to spring- or wells. Within them, there nies, ami inferior to none in point of every is rarely even an attempt, to introduce any natural advantage, are still SO exceedingly

..liniments; it is almost as uncommon to behind most of i he other British Ameri- find a church that has any communion can Provinces, in all those improvements plate, as it is in England to lind one that which bring credit and consequence to a has not; in both Virginia and Maryland, country? he would answer: They are — : "

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 31

66, because they arc cultivated by slaves. Rector of the church at Annapolis, the i believe it is capable of demonstration, capital of Maryland, ami took with him his that except the money interest which ever) pupil, John Parke Custis, the step-son of man has in the property of his slaves, it Washington. would be for every man's interest that The State House now used by the legisla- there were uo slaves, and for this plain ture of Maryland had not then been erected, reason, because the free labor of a fr© and the church edifice was in a dilapidated man, who is regularly hind and paid for condition, while the town boasted a hand- the wink which he dor-, is in the end - e theater, in which Hallam and others cheaper than the extorted eye-service of a played, built on land owned by the church. slave. Some los^ and inconvenience would To stimulate his parishioners to the erection uo doubt arise from the general abolition of a new church, he published, s i after he of slavery in the Colonics, but were it done became the Rector of St. Anne's, in the gradually, with judgment and good tem- Maryland Gazette, a poetical epistle, ad-

: per, I have never yet seen it satisfactorily 1 1 n sssed proved that such injury would be either " To the very worthy and respectable inhabit- great or lasting." ants Annapolis, the humble petition of During Boucher's residence in Caroline of the old Church sheweth — County, he manifested an interest for the slave-, and on the 31st of March, 1766, A portion of this effusion is as follows: Easter Monday, baptized three hundred and thirteen negro adults, and preached to " That late iu Century the last, upwards of a thousand. He, moreover, By private bounty, here were placed employed two or three intelligent blacks My sacred walls, and tho' in truth to teach the children on Sunday afternoons. Their stile and manner be uncouth,

In time, twenty or thirty were able to use Yet whilst no structure met nunc eye the Prayer-book at the Sunday services, That even with myself could vie, and thirteen became communicants. A goodly edifice, I seemed, Calm and fearless iu manner, logical And pride of all St. Anne's was deemed. and intellectual in his discourses, he suc- How changed the times ! for now all round ceeded iu obtaining the entire respect of Unnumbered stately piles abound. the planters among whom he resided. In All better built and looking down " one of his sermons he states that he had On one quite antiquated grown : lived among them more than seven years, Left unrepaired, to time a prey,

I as minister, in such harmony as to have feel my vitals fast decay ;

had no disagreement with any man, even And often have I heard it said for a day." While in Virginia, he was inti- That -nine good people are afraid

mate with the Rev. dame- Maury or Marye, Lest I should tumble, on their bead, a clergyman, of French parentage, born at Of which, indeed, thi- seems a proof, Sea, trained iu England, educated in They seldom come beneath my roof. America, and settled in Albemarle county. At Maury's request, he wrote a poem, which Here in Annapolis, alone, was well received, "ii the dispute between God has the meanest house in town.

the Clergy and the Assembly of Virginia, The premises considered, I, j relative to the injustice of the act allowing With humble confidence, rely,

two pence a pound to be paid instead of the That. Phoenix like, I soon shall rise, 16,000 pounds of tobacco in kind, due as From own ashes, to the skies my ; salary of a parish minister. Your mite, at least, that you will pay,

In 1770, he left Virginia, to become And your petitioner shall praj )

32 Virginia colonial ci.kkgy.

While residing in Annapolis he deter- phia, to concert measures to support the

mined tn know something besides "Jesus Mother Country in the pending controver-

Christand Him crucified." He became much sies. " It is too well known," he says,

absorbed in the social, literary and political " how little the clergy of Philadelphia re- pursuits of tlic community. He wrote garded this agreement." si line verses nn an actress, and a prologue The ancestral residence of his wife's for the theater, and was made first Pre- family was at Oxon Hall, nearly opposite sident nf the Hominy Club, a society Alexandria. In his reminiscences he writes : formed to in " promote sent mirth. He 1 happened to be going across the Poto- was recognized as Governor Eden's right mac with my wife and some other of our hand man and most intimate friend. He friends, exactly at the time that General says: "1 was, in fact, the must efiicient Washington was crossing it on his way to person in the administration of Govern- the northward, whither he was going to ment. The management of bhe Assembly take command of the Continental army. was left very much to me, and hardK a There had been a great meeting of people, Bill was brought in which I did nol either and great doings in Alexandria on the oc- least revise." draw, or at The Governor's casion ; and everybody seemed to be on fire, speeches, messages and other important either with rum or patriotism, or both. paper- were also from his pen. In the Some patriots in our boat huzzaed, and defense of what he supposed were the gave three cheers to the General as he rights of the Maryland clergy, he had a passed us, whila Mr. Addison and myself sharp controversy with two lawyers, Wil- contented ourselves with pulling off our liam Paca and Samuel Chase, both of hats. Then General (then only Colonel whom, in 1776, were in the Continental Washington beckoned us to stop, as we did, Congress, and signers of the Declaration. just to shake us by the hand, he said.

Paca, smarting under some remark, was " His behavior to me was now, as it had

disposed to fight a duel with the rector of always been, polite and respectful, and 1 St. Anne's, but was quieted by the gentle- shall forever remember what passed in the man whom he consulted as his second. few disturbed moments of conversation we

( ioyernor Eden, who valued his talent sand then had. From his going on his present

friendship, in 1772 offered him the lower errand, I foresaw and apprised him ot much

church of Queen Anne's Parish, Prince that has since happened ; in particular, George county, Md., which he accepted. that there would certainly then be a civil About this time he was married to a Miss war, and that the Americans would soon Addison, a native of this county, niece of the declare for independency. With more earn-

Rev. Henry Addison, educated at Queen's estness than was usual with his great re- College, Oxford, daughter of Thomas Addi- serve, he scouted my apprehensions, adding,

son, and grandchild of John Addison, Sur- and I believe with perfect sincerity, that if

veyor-General of the Province of Maryland. ever I heard of his joining in such measure.-, His controversy with the lawyers, Paca I had his leave to set him down for every- * and Chase, gave him a reputation among thing wicked. * This was the the Episcopal clergy of New York and last time I ever saw this gentleman, who, New England, and King's College, now contrary to all reasonable expectation, has Columbia, in New York city, conferred since so distinguished himself, that he will upon him the degree of Master of Arts. probably be handed down to posterity as

The Rev. Dr. Cooper, President of King's one of the first characters of the age." College, visited him, and in company they From this period, party feeling deepened

proceeded to the residence of Rev. Dr. in Maryland, and Boucher thought it pru- Smith, Provost of the College of Philadel- dent to leave his residence in the lower —

VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. 33 parish of Prince George county, and he re- not injuring him, forced him out of the moved to the "Lodg§," the borne of Rev. church, and escorted him to his residence, a Heury Addison, his wife's uncle, in the fifer playing the tune of the "Rogue's March." upper part of the county. During his Fearless and persevering, he appeared at the absence, services were held by his curate, a church next Sunday, and, amid much con- Republican, a brother of Robert Hanson fusion, preached the sermon he had pre- Harrison, one of Washington's aids. He pared for " Fast-day." became increasingly unpopular, and when- From this time his feelings were embit- ever he preached there was more or less tered against the Republicans, and on the disapprobation. "For more than six 16th of August, 1775, he wrote, under

months" lie writes, " I preached, when I did excitement, a long letter to Washington,

preach, with a pair of loaded pistols lying which he concludes in these words : on the cushion, having given notice that if " I have, at least, the merit of consist- any man or body of men could possibly be ency; aud neither in any private or public so Inst to all sense of decency and propriety conversation, in anything I have written,

as to drag me out of my own pulpit, I nor in anything that I have delivered from should think myself justified before God the pulpit, have I ever asserted any other and man in repelling violence." opinions or doctrines than you have repeat- In 1775 the Republican authorities set edly heard me assert, both in my own bouse apart Thursday, the 11th day of May, for and yours. You cannot say that I deserved prayer aud fasting, and Mr. Boucher an- to be run down, villified, and injured in the nounced that he would preach in his own manner which you know has fallen to my

pulpit. The text he had chosen was from lot, merely because I cannot bring myself Nehemiah vi, 10, 11: ''Afterward I came to think, on some political points, just as unto the house of Shemaiah, the son of you and your party would have me think. Delaiah, the son of Mehetabeel, who was shut And yet you have borne to look on, at

up ; and lie said, let us meet together in least as an unconcerned spectator, if not the house of God, within the temple, and an abetter, whilst, like the poor frogs in the let us shut the doors of the temple, for they fable, I have in a manner been pelted to will come to slay thee; yea, in the night death. I do not ask if such conduct in you

will they come to slay thee. And I said, Was friendly; was it either, just, manly,

should such a man as I flee? and who is or generous? It was not; no, it was act- there that, being as I am, would go into the ing with all the base malignity of a virulent

temple to save his life? I will not go in." Whig. As such, Sir, I resent it ; and

Fifteen minutes before the time of service oppressed and overborne asl may seem to be, he arrived at the church, but found the by popular obloquy, I will not be so want-

Republican curate, Harrison, already in the ing in justice to myself as not to tell you, desk, and a crowd of armed men around the as I now do, with honest boldness, that I church. A Mr. Osborne Sprigg, who was despise the man who, for any motives, the leader, told him that they did not wish could be induced to act so mean a part. him to preach. He replied that they would You are no longer worthy of my friend- have, then, to take away his life; and with ship; a man of honor can no longer, with- MTinon in one hand, and a loaded pistol in out dishonor, be connected with you. With the other, moved toward the pulpit, bul was your cause, I renounce you." instantly surrounded by excited men. In this frame of mind, he became odious Seizing Sprigg by the collar of his coat, and to the friends of Congress, and in a month with cocked pistol, he told him he would was a refugee.

blow his brains out if any of the crowd On the 10th of September, with bis wife should dare attack him. The crowd, while and her uncle, the Rev. Henry Addison, 34 VIRGINIA COLONIAL CLERGY. and his son, lie went on board a small last child, a daughter, died. One of his schooner, the Nell Gwynn, and, sailing grandsons, bearing his name, is a valued down the Potomac, entered the Chesapeake, contributor to the London Notes and Que- and was taken aboard a vessel, which, on ries, and to him we are indebted for extracts the 20th of October, reached Dover, in from his grandfather's journals. England. For nineteen years he was In concluding this article, a brief refer- Vicar of Epsom, and devoted much time to ence will not be out of place, to Rev. Walter philological studies. He died, a.d. 1804, Dulaney Addison, who became Rector of the at the age of sixty-six years. His engraved parish from which his uncle had been portrait shows a firm, benevolent, round- ejected a few months before the Declaration faced man, with expansive forehead. of Independence. He was the son of Thomas In 1797 he published " A View of the Addison, whose wife was Rebecca Dulaney, Causes and Consequences of the American of Annapolis; and also the nephew of the Revolution," which he gracefully dedicated wife of Jonathan Boucher. In 1788, while as a kind of peace offering to his old friend, on a visit to his uncle, by marriage, in Eng- who had been the first president of the land, Mr. Boucher requested him to make a United States of America. Washington, in catalogue of his library. In doing this, he reply to the compliment, in a letter from fell from a ladder while examining some Mount Vernon, dated 15th of August, 1798, books on a high shelf, and was much injured. wrote, " For the honor of its dedication and While confined to his room he became very for the friendly and favorable sentiments serious, and determined to enter the ministry. therein expressed, I pray you to accept Returning to this country he married a Miss my acknowledgment and thanks. Not Hesselius, of Annapolis, and theu went to having read the book, it follows, of reside with his mother at Oxon Hall, on the course, that I can express no opinion with Potomac. For several years he occupied resj>ect to its political contents, but I can the same pulpits which Jonathan Boucher venture to assert beforehand, and with con- had preached from in Prince George county,

fidence, that there is no man in either and formed a wide contrast to his relative in country more zealously devoted to peace and his views of religiou. With what was con- a good understanding between the nations sidered Puritanic strictness, he frowned upon

than I am : no one who is more disposed to duelling, horse racing, card playing, and bury in oblivion all animosities which have theater-going. While attached to the liturgy subsisted between them and the individuals ot his Church, he maintained friendly rela- of each." tions with those whom he recognized as min- He was married three times. His first isters of other branches of the Church. For wife, Miss Addison, noted for her beauty, many years he was deprived of sight. God had no children, neither had the second. took him, in 1848, ripe in age, and fit for By his third wife he had several children, heaven. His friends deposited his remains one of whom was the Rev. Barton Boucher, in the burial place of his ancestors, at Oxon of Wiltshire. It was not until 1871 his Hall.

FIN 18. ;

A PLAINT

OF SAMUEL PURCHAS, RECTOR OF ST. MARTIN'S, LUDGATE, LONDON, A.D., 1625.

" My prayers shall be to the Almighty for Virginia's prosperity, whose dwarfish growth after so many years' convulsions by dissensions, Tantalean starvings amidst rich maga- zines and fertilities, subversion here and self eversion there (perverseness I mention not), rather than conversion of savages, after so many learned and holy men sent there poverty, sickness, death in such a soil and healthful climate—what shall I say ?

" I can deplore, I do not much admire, that we have had so much in Virginia, yet

so little ; the promises as probable as large, and yet the premises yielding, in the con- clusion, this Virginian sterility and meagerness, rather than the multiplied issue and thrift of a worthy nation, and mother of a family answering to her great inheritance.

But what do I in plaints, when some, perhaps, will complain of my complainings ?" VT3J> L & G1