Actinote) Acerata Hewitson, 1874 Et Synthèse Du Genre En République Togolaise (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

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Actinote) Acerata Hewitson, 1874 Et Synthèse Du Genre En République Togolaise (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) Tome 83 Fascicule 5 - 6 Mai - Juin 2014 Bulletin mensuel de la SOCIÉTÉ LINNÉENNE DE LYON Société linnéenne de Lyon, reconnue d’utilité publique, fondée en 1822 33, rue Bossuet • F-69006 LYON - 111 - Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon, 2014, 83 (5-6) : 111 - 115 Première citation de Acraea (Actinote) acerata Hewitson, 1874 et synthèse du genre en République Togolaise (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) Alain Coache Impasse de l’Artémise, F-04700 La Brillanne - [email protected] Résumé. – Lors de recherches sur la faune entomologique d’Afrique de l’Ouest, nous avons organisé une session d’étude en République Togolaise, principalement sur le mont Agou, le mont Kloto, autour du village de Kouma Konda et à Bala (tout proche de la frontière avec le Ghana). Nous présentons les résultats concernant le genre Acraea Fabricius, 1807 et figurons les trois espèces non présentes sur la page du site de référence, concernant le Togo (http://www.acraea.com/). Mots-clés. – Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Nymphalidae, Acraea, inventaire faunistique, biodiversité, Afrique de l’Ouest, Togo, mont Agou, mont Kloto. First citation Acraea (Actinote) acerata Hewitson, 1874 and synthesis of the genera in Togolese Republic (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) Abstract. – During our research on insect fauna in West Africa, we were led to do a small tour in Republic of Togo, mainly on Mount Agou and Mount Kloto and around the village of Kouma Konda and Bala close to the border with Ghana. We present the results on the genus Acraea Fabricius, 1807 encountered during this expedition and the pictures three species that are not present on the site page Acraea on Togo and that serves as a reference (http://www.acraea.com /). Keywords. – Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Nymphalidae, Acraea, faunistic inventory, biodiversity, Western Africa, Togo, Mount Agou, Mount Kloto. Dans le cadre de l’étude des espèces ouest-africaines du genre Acraea Fabricius, 1807, nous avons organisé une petite expédition en République Togolaise, du 3 au 7 février 2010. La zone prospectée concerne principalement la région des grands monts : le mont Agou (986 m), point culminant du Togo, le mont Kloto (741 m) ainsi que les alentours des villages de Kouma Konda et de Bala (tout proche de la frontière avec le Ghana). SITUATION GÉOGRAPHIQUE La République Togolaise est le plus petit pays francophone d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Il est situé entre 6° et 11° de latitude nord et entre 0° et 2° de longitude est (méridien de Greenwich). Avec une superficie d’environ 56 800 km2, il s’étire sur environ 600 km du nord au sud, sa largeur variant de 50 à 150 km. Il partage au total 1 700 km de frontière avec le Burkina Faso au nord, le Ghana à l’ouest et le Bénin à l’est. Sa façade sud est ouverte sur le golfe du Bénin avec une côte d’environ 50 km de large. Cette faible superficie n’empêche pas ce pays d’offrir aux visiteurs un merveilleux condensé des plus beaux paysages d’Afrique de l’Ouest : des plages de sable fin bordées de cocotiers au sud ; des collines, des vallées verdoyantes et de petites montagnes dans le centre et enfin des plaines arides, de grandes savanes plantées de baobabs typiques de l’Afrique occidentale au nord. Accepté pour publication le 6 mars 2014 - 112 - Sur le plan entomologique, les régions centre-ouest et nord-est du pays concentrent à priori les stations les plus riches. On y retrouve, du sud au nord : une zone de collines d’où émerge, près de Kpalimé, le mont Agou ; le mont Kloto, non loin de la frontière avec le Ghana ; le haut plateau de Danyi ; la petite chaîne des monts Fazao, avec à ses pieds de très belles savanes et enfin au-dessus de Kara, les monts Kabiyé et Défalé, prolongés au Bénin par la chaîne de l’Atakora, région de savanes à baobabs. Le Togo jouit d’un climat tropical. Dans le sud du pays on distingue quatre saisons : la grande saison sèche, de décembre à mars ; la grande saison des pluies, d’avril à juin ; la petite saison sèche, de juillet et août et la petite saison des pluies, de mi-septembre à fin-octobre. Dans le nord il ne subsiste que deux saisons : la saison sèche, de novembre à mars, et la saison des pluies, d’avril à octobre. Le réseau hydrographique permanent est particulièrement important. Il est notamment alimenté par les nombreux affluents de l’Oti, du Mono et de l’Atakora. Coordonnées géographiques des stations prospectées : Mont Agou : 6°52’12.92’’N – 0°45’23.30’’E Mont Kloto : 6°58’09.31’’N – 0°32’49.64’’E Village de Kouma Konda : 6°57’12.55’’N – 0°33’31.09’’E Bala : 6°59’36.41’’N – 0°34’07.66’’E RÉSULTATS Le site de BERNAUD (2013) nous sert de référence. Il recense 25 espèces d’Acraea pour la faune du Togo. SAFIAN (2009), lors de plusieurs expéditions effectuées durant le mois d’avril des années 2005, 2008 et 2009 (début de la grande saison des pluies), a répertorié 13 Acraea, dont 3 du mont Agou (Acraea peneleos, Acraea alciope et Acraea serena). Curieusement, deux espèces (A. quirina et A. penelope derubescens), que nous avons également reprises au sommet du mont Agou, ne figurent pas dans la liste de Bernaud. Contrairement à l’équipe de Safian, nos recherches s’inscrivent au cœur de la saison sèche (du 3 au 7 février 2010). Le bilan est particulièrement fourni : 21 espèces au mont Agou (3 et 4 février 2010), dont une est citée pour la première fois du Togo (Acraea acerata), 10 espèces au mont Kloto et autour du village de Kouma Konda (5 et 6 février 2010) et, enfin, 18 espèces à Bala (7 février 2010). CONCLUSION Le nombre d’Acraea recensées, soit 28 espèces, est particulièrement élevé pour une durée de prospection aussi réduite. Malgré ces excellents résultats, il en reste certainement beaucoup à ajouter à cette liste, sachant que les pays voisins dénombrent nettement plus d’espèces : soit 39 au Ghana voisin (PIERRE et al., 2003) ; 31 en Côte-d’Ivoire, dont 29 par PIERRE & VUATTOUX (1978) et 2 de plus par KOUASSI et al. (1989) ; 31 au Bénin par COACHE et al. (à paraître). Des inventaires systématiques et inter-saisonniers devraient permettre d’atteindre facilement la trentaine d’espèces. - 113 - Acraea acerata Hewitson, 1874, mâle recto et verso, 41 mm, sommet du mont Agou, Togo, 03 février 2010 Acraea quirina Fabricius, 1781, mâle recto et verso, 48 mm, sommet du mont Agou, Togo, 03 février 2010 Acraea penelope derubescens Eltringham, 1912, mâle recto et verso, 49 mm, sommet du mont Agou, Togo, 03 février 2010 Planche 1. Les trois espèces non citées sur le site de Dominique Bernaud (http://www.acraea.com/) (photos Alain Coache). - 114 - Remerciements. – Nous remercions vivement Monsieur Dominique Bernaud qui nous a gentiment confirmé les déterminations de nos spécimens ; les habitants du village de Kouma Konda pour leur accueil très chaleureux, en particulier Monsieur Prosper Nyanu ainsi que les guides accompagnateurs pour leur parfaite connaissance du terrain. Nos remerciements vont également à Monsieur Lionel Delaunay qui a bien voulu relire le manuscrit et donner de nombreux conseils. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES BERNAUD D., 2013. http://www.acraea.com/ (consulté le 10 avril 2013). COACHE A., RAINON B., ZANNOU E. & TCHIBOZO S., (à paraître). Contribution à l’inventaire de l’entomofaune de la forêt marécageuse de Lokoli (Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest). Premier supplément: Les Acraea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini). Synthèse sur le genre Acraea en République du Bénin. D’ABRERA B., 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (1ère édition). Lansdowne, Melbourne : 104-149. KOUASSI N.K., LERY X., FEDIERE G. & HERDER S., 1989. Acreidae et Danaides de Côte-d’Ivoire (Lepidoptera Acraeidae, Lepidoptera Danaidae). Institut International de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement à Adiopodoumé. Collection entomologique, 4 : 6 p. LARSEN, T.B., 2005. The butterflies of West Africa, vol. .1 Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 269 p. (125 planches). LARSEN, T.B., 2005. The butterflies of West Africa, vol. .2 Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 p. PIERRE J. & VUATTOUX R., 1978. Les Acraea de Côte d’Ivoire (Lep. Acraeidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 83 : 3-22. PIERRE J., JOLY C. & BERNAUD D., 2003. Les Acraea du Ghana (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea, CIII (2) : 297-318. SAFIAN Sz., CSONTOS G. & KORMOS B., 2009. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea) record from Mount Agou and Klouto (Kouma-Konda Region, near Kpalimé), Togo Montains, Togo (with notes on species composition in highly degraded forest habitats). Metamorphosis, 20(4): 115-129. - 115 - Tableau récapitulatif des 28 espèces d’Acraea de la République Togolaise (par ordre alphabétique). Espèces présentes au Togo Agou - mont Kounda Kounda Bernaud et al. - Mont Kloto et Kuma Coache - Bala Coache - mont Agou Coache - mont et al. Safian Coache - mont Kloto et Kuma Safian Acraea (Actinote) acerata Hewitson, 1874 X Acraea (Acraea) alcinoe Felder & Felder, 1865 X X X X Acraea (Actinote) alciope Hewitson, 1852 X X X X X Acraea (Actinote) bonasia Fabricius, 1775 X X X Acraea (Acraea) caecilia Fabricius, 1781 X Acraea (Acraea) egina Cramer, 1775 X X X X X Acraea (Acraea) abdera eginopsis Aurivillius, 1898 X Acraea (Actinote) encedon Linné, 1758 X Acraea (Acraea) epaea Cramer, 1779 X X X Acraea (Acraea) eugenia Karsch, 1893 X X X Acraea (Actinote) jodutta (Fabricius, 1793) X Acraea (Actinote) lycoa Godart, 1819 X X X X Acraea (Acraea) neobule Doubleday, 1847 X X X Acraea (Actinote) orestia Hewitson, 1874 X X Acraea (Actinote) orina Hewitson, 1874 X X X Acraea (Actinote) parrhasia Fabricius, 1793 X X X Acraea (Actinote) peneleos Ward, 1871 X X X X X X Acraea (Actinote) penelope derubescens Eltringham, 1912 X X X Acraea (Actinote) perenna Doubleday, Hewitson & Westwood, 1850 X X X X Acraea (Actinote) pharsalus Ward, 1871 X X X X Acraea (Actinote) polis Bernaud & Pierre, 1999 X X X Acraea (Acraea) pseudegina Westwood, 1852 X X X Acraea (Acraea) quirina Fabricius, 1781 X X X X Acraea (Acraea) rogersi Hewitson, 1873 X X X X Acraea (Actinote) serena Fabricius, 1775 X X X X X Acraea (Acraea) umbra (Drury, 1782) X X X X X Acraea (Acraea) vestalis Felder, 1867 X X X Acraea (Acraea) zetes Linné, 1758 X X SOCIÉTÉ LINNÉENNE- 2 - DE LYON Siège social : 33, rue Bossuet, F-69006 LYON Tél.
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