DOCSLIB.ORG

0Xygyne Yamashitae, of Thismiaceae Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
0Xygyne Yamashitae, of Thismiaceae Japan The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics ISSN1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 59 (2): 97-104 (2008) 0xygyne yamashitae, aNewSpecies of Thismiaceaefrom Yaku Island, Japan ] TETSUKAZU YAHARAiand HIROKAZU TSUKAYA2' 'Department ofBioiogy 1[ticuity ofSciences, 1(}iushu CJhiversiijl 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukztoka 812-8581, 2'Department .Jdpan; Sbiences, Graduate S?rhool Chiivensity 7-3-i Hbngo, qfBiological ofSlrience, oj'7bkyo, SAtdtional Bundy7o-ku, 7bdyo iI3-O033, Jtrpan; institutefor Basic BiologrJ, IVtitionai institutes ofIVbutural Sciences, to,oclaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, .Jtipan A new species of O-gy?ne O. a saprophytic!mycoheterotrophic specics (Thismiaccac),.vamashitae, from Yaku Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is described and Mustratcd, The combination of characters such as three stamens attached to the perianth and the presence of lamellae at the mouth ofthe perianth tube indicate that it belongs to the genus Ctr)gyne. It is clearly distinct from other known species of Ox.vgyne in having an elliptic hole in the corona, in which stamens are infiexed, and in having threc dichotomous appendages below the stigma. The discovery of O. yamashitae demonstrates that the lowland evergreen fbrest in Yaku Island is a hotspot of endemic plants and worthy to be conservcd. Keywordsi japan, ([ix.11g:v'ne, saprophyte, Thismiaceae,Yaku lsland Thismiaceae are a small group of sapro- As in other saprophytic plants, Thismiaceae phytic plants, comprising five genera (Af;rothismia,provide an interesting opportunity fbr studying Hbplothismia, drygyne, 77iismia and 7Zpuntinia) the evolutien of saprophytes. Most species of and approximately 50 species (Woodward et aL Thismiaceae, however, occur in the tropics and 2007). Until recently, the family has been treated their populations are very sporadic and difficult as a tribe within the Burmanniaceae (Maas-vanto locate. An exceptional area is Japan where two de Kamer 1998, APG 2003), Recent molecular species of 71hismia and two species of (ixygyne phylogenetic studies, however, have shown that have been described from several localities with it is sister to Taccaceae, while other members of a warm-temperate climate (Tsukaya in press). the Burmanniaceae are sister to Dioscoreaceae We here report a third species of(ixMgyne from (Merckx et al. 2006). This finding implies that Yaku Island, Japan, that appears most similar to saprophytic habits evolved independently in Bur- O, synzatoi (Hatus.) C. Abe & Akasawa native to manniaceae s, stn and Thismiaceae. While some Okinawa Island. The purpose of this paper is to species of Burmanniaceae s. sh: retain photosyn- describe this new species and to provide perspec- thetic leaves with chlerophyll, all species ofThis- tives fbr further studies. miaceae are obligatory saprophytes lacking green 'tlssue. NII-Electronic Library Service TheTheJapanese Japanese Society for Plant Systematics c.;S ･S,crs Phslokix (}eehot S'vl, >'.9 (OgmsiLfct?nglnt,s'inijiic'usCfaerrEi.f'.and ,'lftiest'; pa'XatergaRs nmti tttetheds .tclf)rmtt.'a <'grluanb.} N'lou'itzi vx Zo{I.). and saplitigs igv'1ig, oftrees vlidi'sia siL'bfY(liF nnti ･il.i"iisiige se,t;- Loc'cJ!En'(ftgga ittnii g-{ I.ev.> li'al<u Island "'fiI<u-shi:pa) Eg loeatccl 3Ci km tseuth i}t' lhe malnlan<l of' }Cyushu. Jttpan. ttnd har- .K'(tirrvfifs ` bors 46 eriden'tic gpecges, "yo endc'nii{; subspecics lx] tuyl> ()cteber 2000.A{r.}kro"ki tsaEiias- Xt'aku Rnd 30 eiiclcinic va]'ieties o{' plants (li'tthttra ei nt, init:i. a phnlotrrtipher "xi-g, on Igland, ne- ()S7, } ) CZx;, g.}'rte .) anitfthtxtxe eeciE[s im ex ,ergieen LiL'cd aR ttn t';/nniIigr pkint in the evergrecn ferest ni hrvadleaved foicints ori thc souther" slope c,f' Yal<u Yudeniari. In early C)ctobcr, l>.OOb. be vediscov lsiand ttlong tlie "'cKtcrn brancllt el' I:tstainatn River ered it along. L. the westet- brancE} oS' the I･utasiaatll at an alutucle of ."tt)O m. 1'hc ex:set 1'ecatie･i) 30"15' Rivcv. "hc]'c he pl}ok}g,raphcd it. 1 ffv hhoxs,ed the 'ts. )1.rl :mci 130C33'lI,･1"ll "'ag dctei'mincd ttsiu.t authvt en o" phuto to thc firs.1 Yiku lslaiul Oeio- a reccikcr a"d adj'usted on a map ,1. GPS l･'2.gC}O(} ber S. 2･C}C)6,On Oeto'ber 2007. Yahara nnri Mr, th'oni the qeog, rnphicul Suivc} Iustit.utc. Japtin. NTaEnnshltn vcvisilcd the habitdt of (]xi'gi'ste, but t.t I he eiet'grecn t'orest gs ctoniinated b>･ rtfti{'hi!us ceuld uet find the plants. {');i ()utoben ?.4, 20V:. iv'aniashita tktinik･']:gi'i Sieboid S: Z"ce.. Di,gn'k'titn i'a['('n7o- X･lr. ancl }t･fr. Kcng`) F"se nstl.ain vis[tecl "I'huiib., ,sunt Siebold & Zuce.. Il/up:vt?.t'.apoi?if'tT the area ar}d f'eu]id cjeve- tlo"'eiing indii'idunis and Ardi[ttf sieh(}s'cfii Tv'1ig. I'he tol'tse.g,raph>･ is fiat fm[l c'oilcctctk"･e ind"'iduaig tby a spvcimen, NSv'e and appr-xini･alely SOC>;-; of' thc s,roitt'id yM'fuve is Llisseet.eci onu oS' tliv vlant,g to el)scrve lhc {lortt1 covered "'ith ferns (.･It'r"chni(Jaic,,s' utnabiiis (Bktnie) inorplkolog>. ['he seeon(i v)a-t serx,es, as thc hoit',- Bnciale, ("fesiitiv vbib,{:!cinctL,/t,}ti {}!ts'ncel} Ching tJype. On Oc!eber 2#'i 2'O07, -e visitecl tltc type 'I'm'dicu). and L}ii)la tknsgajiunT "ith rJt-n "･lett.) shnibs geeahtv )v,Sr,F"sc and l"eutitln}ure thari 3(J} T'Ec,, i Uowetin./.T md!yl(igals n.t Ov m The r}'pc gl,r'v!anuJLint'tie }ot;alEt',. t .SL/a f"Liupiked4 vie"' ot' a fle"ci B a fie"cvon r"c s,E{}uild. "tler rclllc]i lity 1':tHt'u kvciT. L'g NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics JuLy 2008 YAHARA & TSUKAYA: A New Oi)g))ne from Japan 99 fiowering individuals of O, yamashitae. Four in- lamella of inner perianth 1 mm long, O.7 mm dividuals were collected fbr further observation. wide, trapezoid, apex sharply bifurcate, 2-lobed, In October 2006, the second author, Tsukaya, lobes O.3 mm long. Stamens 3, attached to outer along with Prof. Masatsugu Yokota of Ryukyu perianth; filaments inflexed, with 2 pairs of pro- University, Mr, S, Higa, Mr. K. Shiajo, and Ms. jections at base. Anthers basifixed, pale yellow, K, Ishii collected O, shinzatoi at its type local- bithecal, introrse, O.5 mm long. Style 1, 1.3 mm ity on Okinawa Island (Kunigami-son, Okinawa long, thiek, ending in 3 short, triangular stignatic Pref., Ryukyu University Yona Experimental branches, O.25 mm long, O,2 mm wide at base, Field site, Japan) (Tsukaya et al. 2007, Yokoyama surrounded by 3 dichotomous appendages. Stalk et al. 2008) and fixed several flowers in alcohol of appendages ca. O.15 mm long, with 2 unequal- (voucher specimens: H 7lrukaya 061008 [TI], M sized branches elongated opposite each other }lokota s.n. [RYU]). Those materials were used along Tongitudinal axis ofstigma; upper branches to comparc the fioral morphology of O. shinzatoi longer, pointed, ca. O.1 mm in diameter, ca. O,5 and O. vamashitae, mm club-shaped, ca. " long;lowerbranches O,15 mm in diameter, ca. O,15 mm long, Ovacy ca. 1 Results mm long, white. Ovuies many. name. Llapanese Yhku-no-hina-hoshi. Tctronomic description Atlditional obseivations on O, yamashitae and O. Oxygyne yamashitae Yahara & Tsukaya, sp. nov. shinzatoi Ox]L{gninae shinzatoi primo aspectu similis, sed stigmati- In appearance, O. yamashitae is similar to bus trifidis, appendicibus majusculis dichotomis differt. O. shinzatoi in having a characteristic star-like 7)pus, JAIIAN, Kagoshima Pref.: along the west- perianth (Fig. 1) ft)rmed by the six perianth lobes. ern branch of Futamata River, Yaku Island, 24 Octeber The lobes are shorter and narrowly triangular in O. 2007, Kengo Fuse, Hiroaki lhmashita & Hiroko Ikecla 2A) and filiform in O. shin2atoi s.n. (holo- FU [in glycerine-alcohol]; iso- TI [in 80% yamctshitae(Fig, atcohel]). (Fig. 2C). At the base of each filiform lobe of O. shinzatoi is a callus-like cluster of round cells Herbs, achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic. Roots on the adaxial surface (Fig. 3H). The triangular 1-5, ca. O.5-1 cm long. Stem simple or branched, lobcs of O, yamashitae are smooth. While O. erect, glabrous, less than 1 cm tall, Pcduncle ca. shinzatoi has dark verdigris flowers, the flowers 1 mm in diam. Inflorescence white, racemose, 1 of O. yamashitae are whitish blue. A more defini- or 2(or 3)-flowered, Bracns at base of flowers, 3 tive difTerence between O. Famashitae and O. or more, scale-like, 1 mm long, lanceolate, white. shinzatoi is in the morphology of the pistils; the Flowers in October, upright or inclined, pale blue, stigma is surrounded by 3 rounded appendages grabrous, ca. 5 mm long, 5 mm in diam.; perianth in O. shinzatoi and 3 dichotomous appendages in segments united, 6-lobed, tube campanulate, ca. O. yamashitae (Fig. 2B vs 2D). Additionally, the 3 mm long; perianth lobcs whitish blue, narrowly stigma of O. yamashitae is larger and distinctly triangular, ca, 2 mm long, together appearing star- trichotomeus (Fig. 3D vs 3G), Another distinc- like; perianth lamellae at mouth convex, inflexed, tive feature of O. yamashitae is in the lamellae of united, fOrming an annular corona with a holc the perianth; the lamella of the outer perianth has in center; lamella of outer perianth with hole in an elliptic hole in which a stamen is bent inward which a stamen is bent inward toward the stigma; toward the stigma (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Figure 1: Afrothismia Korupensis Sainge & Franke Afrothismia
    Figure 1: Afrothismia korupensis Sainge & Franke Afrothismia fungiformis Sainge, Kenfack & Afrothismia pusilla Sainge, Kenfack & Chuyong (in press) Chuyong (in press) Afrothismia sp.nov. Three new species of Afrothismia discovered during this study. CASESTUDY: SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF THISMIACEAE IN CAMEROON BY SAINGE NSANYI MOSES AN MSC THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BUEA, CAMEROON 1.0. INTRODUCTION The family Thismiaceae Agardh comprises five genera Afrothismia Schltr., Haplothismia Airy Shaw, Oxygyne Schltr., Thismia Griff. and Tiputinia P. E. Berry & C. L. Woodw. (Merckx 2006, Woodward et al., 2007) with close to 63 - 90 species (Vincent et al. 2013, Sainge et al. 2012). The worldwide distribution of this family ranges from lowland rain forest and sub-montane forest of South America, Asia and Africa, with a few species in the temperate forest of Australia, New Zealand, and Japan to the upper mid-western U.S.A., on an evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous vegetation type. In tropical Africa, they occur in two genera (Afrothismia Schltr. & Oxygyne Schltr.) with about 20 species with the highest diversity in the forest of Central Africa (Cheek 1996, Franke 2004, 2005, Sainge et al., 2005, 2010 and Sainge et al. 2012). The recent taxonomic Classification of Thismiaceae (Merckx et al. 2006) is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Dioscoreales Family: Thismiaceae Genera: Afrothismia Schltr., Haplothismia Airy Shaw, Oxygyne Schltr., Thismia Griff. and Tiputinia Berry & Woodward In tropical Africa, thismiaceae was discovered over a century ago but classified as Burmanniaceae (Engler, 1905). This family is monocotyledonous, and form part of a heterogeneous group of plants known as the myco-heterotrophic plants (MHPs) (Leake, 1994) consisting of nine plant families: Petrosaviaceae, Polygalaceae, Ericaceae, Iridaceae (Geosiris), Thismiaceae, Burmanniaceae, Triuridaceae, Gentianaceae and some terrestrial Orchidaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Emended Description and New Localities of Oxygyne Shinzatoi
    Phytotaxa 423 (4): 238–246 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.2 Emended description and new localities of Oxygyne shinzatoi (Burmanniaceae/ Thismiaceae), with discussion of phylogenetic relationships of Oxygyne from Japan and Africa KENJI SUETSUGU1, TAKAOMI SUGIMOTO2 & HIROKAZU TSUKAYA3,4 1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2Okinawa Branch Office, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 2-6-19 Aja, Naha, Okinawa 900-0003, Japan. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 4Bio-Next Project, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Yamate Build. #3, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan. Abstract During a recent survey, Oxygyne specimens were discovered in three lowland evergreen forests on Okinawa Island, Japan. After morphological investigation, we identified the specimens as O. shinzatoi. Intriguingly, the colour of the specimens from one of the localities was significantly different from that of specimens collected from both the type and two of the new localities. Furthermore, morphological analysis also revealed clear differences between specimens collected from the type locality, including the type specimen, and previous descriptions of O. shinzatoi. Therefore, an amended description of O. shinzatoi is provided, based on the type and newly collected specimens. Phylogenetic relationships of Oxygyne from Japan and western Central Africa are also discussed, with consideration of the characteristics of newly discovered colour variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
    KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo
    Phytotaxa 125 (1): 33–39 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.5 A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo MARTIN DANČÁK1, MICHAL HRONEŠ2, MICHAL SOCHOR2, LUCIE KOBRLOVÁ2, RADIM HÉDL3, ZÁBOJ HRÁZSKÝ3,6, ANNA VILDOMCOVÁ4, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI5 & FAIZAH METALI5 1 Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; email: [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic 4 Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic 5 Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam. 6 DAPHNE CZ – Institute of Applied ecology, Senovážné n. 1736, 37001 České Budějovice Abstract A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Borneo is described. Thismia hexagona was discovered in 2013 in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Ulu Temburong, Brunei Darussalam. The species is circumscribed, illustrated and its position within the Malesian species of the genus is characterised by insertion into the existing determination key. Its most conspicuous feature is bright yellow, sharply hexagonal flower annulus. Kew words: tropical rain forest, mycoheterotrophy, Malesia, Burmanniaceae Introduction The Family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) is a small group of achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic herbaceous plants, formerly treated as a tribe Thismieae in the family Burmanniaceae (Merckx et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded on 06 October 2019
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/825273; this version posted October 31, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Notes on the threatened lowland forests of Mt Cameroon and their endemics including Drypetes njonji sp. nov., with a key to species of Drypetes sect. Stipulares (Putranjivaceae). Martin Cheek1, Nouhou Ndam2, Andrew Budden1 1Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK 2Tetra Tech ARD - West Africa Biodiversity & Climate Change (WA BiCC) Program PMB CT58 Accra, Ghana Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background and aims – This paper reports a further discovery of a new endemic threatened species to science in the context of long-term botanical surveys in the lowland coastal forests of Mount Cameroon specifically and generally in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa. These studies focus on species discovery and conservation through the Tropical Important Plant Areas programme. Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the material collected. The relevant collections are stored in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London and at the Limbe Botanic Garden, Limbe, and the Institute of Research in Agronomic Development – National Herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé. Key results – New species to science continue to be discovered from Mt Cameroon. Most of these species are rare, highly localised, and threatened by habitat destruction. These discoveries increase the justification for improved conservation management of surviving habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Thismia (Thismiaceae): the First Record of the Mycoheterotrophic Genus to the Flora of India with a New Species Revealing the Ph
    Blumea 62, 2017: 97–102 ISSN (Online) 2212-1676 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2017.62.2.04 Thismia (Thismiaceae): the first record of the mycoheterotrophic genus to the Flora of India with a new species revealing the phytogeographical significance of Western Ghats P. Sujanapal1*, A.J. Robi2, K.J. Dantas1, M. Sumod1, V.S.F.T. Merckx3 Key words Abstract Thismia, a genus of mycoheterotrophic plants, is reported for the first time from mainland India, from Neryamangalam forests in Idukki district of Kerala, along with a new species, T. sahyadrica. Thismia sahyadrica, Kerala described and illustrated here, is unique within Thismia in having a mitre with a single opening; five perianth lobes are mycoheterotrophy fused into a mitre-like structure, while the sixth one is free, forming a lateral single opening of the flower. Due to its Thismia unique morphological characteristics, the taxonomic placement of the new species remains obscure, although some Western Ghats root and flower characters suggest an affinity with species from the sections Glaziocharis, Sarcosiphon, Geomitra, and Scaphiophora. Ecological specificity and phytogeographical peculiarities of the new species are also discussed. Published on 3 July 2017 INTRODUCTION Thismia sahyadrica Sujanapal, Robi & Dantas, sp. nov. — Fig. 1, 2 Thismia Griff. is a genus of mycoheterotrophic plants of the Thismia sahyadrica differs from all other species of Thismia in having a family Thismiaceae with a total of over 60 species mainly distri- mitre with a single opening; it is further characterized by a brownish hypan- buted in tropical America and Asia, with a few representatives in thium, greenish yellow perianth lobes, a yellow ovary, and two fused outer subtropical and temperate Asia, Australasia, and North America perianth lobes and spreading third one.
    [Show full text]
  • BMC Evolutionary Biology Biomed Central
    BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Diversification of myco-heterotrophic angiosperms: Evidence from Burmanniaceae Vincent Merckx*1, Lars W Chatrou2, Benny Lemaire1, Moses N Sainge3, Suzy Huysmans1 and Erik F Smets1,4 Address: 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium, 2National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Wageningen University Branch, Generaal Foulkesweg 37, NL-6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands, 3Centre for Tropical Forest Sciences (CTFS), University of Buea, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon and 4National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands Email: Vincent Merckx* - [email protected]; Lars W Chatrou - [email protected]; Benny Lemaire - [email protected]; Moses N Sainge - [email protected]; Suzy Huysmans - [email protected]; Erik F Smets - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 23 June 2008 Received: 25 February 2008 Accepted: 23 June 2008 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:178 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-178 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/178 © 2008 Merckx et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Myco-heterotrophy evolved independently several times during angiosperm evolution. Although many species of myco-heterotrophic plants are highly endemic and long- distance dispersal seems unlikely, some genera are widely dispersed and have pantropical distributions, often with large disjunctions.
    [Show full text]
  • Deinbollia Onanae (Sapindaceae), a New, Endangered, Montane Tree Species from the Cameroon Highlands
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.24.353680; this version posted October 26, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Deinbollia onanae (Sapindaceae), a new, Endangered, montane tree species from the Cameroon Highlands. Martin Cheek¹, Jean Michel Onana2,3 ¹Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, U.K. 2 University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology P.O Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon 3National Herbarium of Cameroon Yaoundé, PO Box 1601, Cameroon Corresponding author: Martin Cheek¹ Email address: [email protected] Key words: Bannerman’s Turaco, Monoecious, high altitude, forest clearance, Litchi group, Preuss’s monkey, ABSTRACT Deinbollia onanae (Sapindaceae-Litchi clade) is here formally named and characterised as a new species to science, previously known as Deinbollia sp. 2. Cameroon has the highest species- diversity and species endemism known in this African-Western Indian Ocean genus of 42 species. Deinbollia onanae is an infrequent tree species known from five locations in surviving islands of montane (or upper submontane) forest along the line of the Cameroon Highlands. It is here assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN 2012 standard, threatened mainly by clearance of forest for agriculture. The majority of tree species characteristic of montane forest (above 2000 m alt.) in the Cameroon Highlands are also widespread in East African mountains (i.e. are Afromontane). Deinbollia onanae is one of only a very small number of species that are endemic (globally restricted to) the mountain range.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data1
    American Journal of Botany 93(11): 1684–1698. 2006. PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BURMANNIACEAE (DIOSCOREALES) BASED ON NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL DATA1 VINCENT MERCKX,2,5 PETER SCHOLS,2 HILTJE MAAS-VAN DE KAMER,3 PAUL MAAS,3 SUZY HUYSMANS,2 AND ERIK SMETS2,4 2Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; 3National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Utrecht University Branch, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; and 4National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands The mycoheterotrophic Burmanniaceae are one of the three families currently recognized in the order Dioscoreales. Phylogenetic inference using nucleotide sequences of the nuclear 18S rDNA region and the mitochondrial nad1 b-c intron revealed two well-supported, major lineages within the family, corresponding to the two tribes recognized in the family: Burmannieae and Thismieae. All data supported a strong relationship between Thismieae and Tacca (Dioscoreaceae) making both Burmanniaceae and Dioscoreaceae polyphyletic. The three largest Burmanniaceae genera, Burmannia, Gymnosiphon, and Thismia, are paraphyletic. The splitting of Burmanniaceae into Burmannieae and Thismieae indicates two independent origins of mycoheterotrophy and correlated loss of chlorophyll in Dioscoreales. In the genus Burmannia, in which many species still contain chlorophyll, the achlorophyllous species are nested in between the autotrophic species, suggesting many independent changes from autotrophy to heterotrophy or vice versa. A Bayesian relative rates test on the 18S rDNA data showed considerable variation in substitution rates among Burmanniaceae. The substitution rates in all Thismieae and many Burmannieae are significantly faster than in Dioscoreaceae, but there seems to be no correlation between rate increases and the loss of photosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Endemic Plant Species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, and the New, Critically Endangered, Palisota Ebo (Commelinaceae)
    Plant Ecology and Evolution 151 (3): 434–441, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1503 SHORT COMMUNICATION Notes on the endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, and the new, Critically Endangered, Palisota ebo (Commelinaceae) Martin Cheek1,*, Gerhard Prenner1, Barthélemy Tchiengué2 & Robert B. Faden3 1Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK 2Herbier National Camerounais, Yaoundé, BP 1601, Cameroon 3Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013- 7012, USA *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Background and aims – This paper reports a further discovery in the context of a long-term botanical survey in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa, focussing on species discovery and conservation. Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the material collected. The relevant collecting data are stored in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. Key results – The growing number of endemic species being discovered from the Ebo forest of Cameroon points to the importance of its conservation. Palisota ebo Cheek (Commelinaceae) is described as an additional new species to science and is compared with P. flagelliflora Faden. Restricted so far to the Ebo Forest its conservation status is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1+2ab(iii)) according to the 2012 criteria of IUCN. Key words – Conservation, geocarpy, conservatory plant, Tropical Important Plant Areas, variegated leaves. INTRODUCTION The genus Palisota P.Beauv. During a visit to the Ebo forest of Littoral Region, Cameroon Placement of this species in Palisota in a West African con- text is confirmed by the fleshy, berried fruit, the absence of in April 2005, an unusually small, variegated species of Pali- a ‘spathaceous bract’, the lack of perforated leaf sheaths and sota was seen dominating the forest understorey over a 2 km the presence of silky-hairy leaf margins (Brenan 1963).
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Thismia </I> (<I>Thismiaceae</I>): the First Record Of
    Blumea 62, 2017: 97–102 ISSN (Online) 2212-1676 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2017.62.2.04 Thismia (Thismiaceae): the first record of the mycoheterotrophic genus to the Flora of India with a new species revealing the phytogeographical significance of Western Ghats P. Sujanapal1*, A.J. Robi2, K.J. Dantas1, M. Sumod1, V.S.F.T. Merckx3 Key words Abstract Thismia, a genus of mycoheterotrophic plants, is reported for the first time from mainland India, from Neryamangalam forests in Idukki district of Kerala, along with a new species, T. sahyadrica. Thismia sahyadrica, Kerala described and illustrated here, is unique within Thismia in having a mitre with a single opening; five perianth lobes are mycoheterotrophy fused into a mitre-like structure, while the sixth one is free, forming a lateral single opening of the flower. Due to its Thismia unique morphological characteristics, the taxonomic placement of the new species remains obscure, although some Western Ghats root and flower characters suggest an affinity with species from the sections Glaziocharis, Sarcosiphon, Geomitra, and Scaphiophora. Ecological specificity and phytogeographical peculiarities of the new species are also discussed. Published on 3 July 2017 INTRODUCTION Thismia sahyadrica Sujanapal, Robi & Dantas, sp. nov. — Fig. 1, 2 Thismia Griff. is a genus of mycoheterotrophic plants of the Thismia sahyadrica differs from all other species of Thismia in having a family Thismiaceae with a total of over 60 species mainly distri- mitre with a single opening; it is further characterized by a brownish hypan- buted in tropical America and Asia, with a few representatives in thium, greenish yellow perianth lobes, a yellow ovary, and two fused outer subtropical and temperate Asia, Australasia, and North America perianth lobes and spreading third one.
    [Show full text]
  • Thismia Megalongensis (Thismiaceae), a New Species of Thismia from New South Wales
    Volume 16: 165–174 ELOPEA Publication date: 11 November 2014 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20147809 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Thismia megalongensis (Thismiaceae), a new species of Thismia from New South Wales Hunt, C.A.¹, Steenbeeke, G.² and Merckx, V.S.F.T.³ ¹ TAFE NSW, Locked Bag 7, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia ² Office of Environment and Heritage PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW, 2220, Australia ³ Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden, the Netherlands Abstract The new species Thismia megalongensis (Thismiaceae) from New South Wales, Australia, is described, illustrated and compared with other Australian species. A key to Australian species of Thismia is included. Habitat details, conservation status, and phylogenetic affinities of the new species are discussed. Introduction Thismia Griffith is a genus comprising c. 50 species of small, achlorophyllous, myco-heterotrophic herbs mostly from tropical rainforest in America and Asia. Three species are currently described from temperate areas in the southern hemisphere, T. rodwayi F.Muell. and T. clavarioides K.Thiele & P.Jordan from south-eastern Australia and T. hillii (Cheeseman) N.Pfeiff. in New Zealand. Until recently the latter species was classified as T. rodwayi, which it resembles closely based on the description (Cheeseman 1908; Schlechter 1921). Its recognition as a separate species was proposed to retain a monophyletic T. rodwayi (Merckx and Smets 2014). There is also a third species known in Australia, Thismia yorkensis Cribb, currently known from Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.
    [Show full text]