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ICT and Education in the Gambia

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ICT and Education in the Gambia ICT and Education in The Gambia This work was compiled by Saweda Liverpool and Cliff Missen The WiderNet Project continues to expand. This involves new projects and subprojects, all of which work towards our main focus: To improve digital communication in developing countries. Executive Summary Information they say is knowledge and knowledge, wealth. But to be useful, knowledge and information must be effectively communicated to people. Education is the communication of information. As a source of knowledge, access to and the spread of information, play an important role in the promotion of change in an economy… whether economical, cultural, legal, social political or technological. (IDRC: 1995) Given the crucial role of education in development, and the expansion of Information and Communication technology (ICT) in the global economy, the role of ICT in education cannot be overemphasized. The adoption, use and expansion of ICT in tertiary academic institutions in West Africa remain slow and inadequate. Thus the area of focus presently is on ICT and Education in West Africa looking at The Gambia. For the purpose of this research and in the bid to conduct a needs assessment of the use of ICT in Gambia's tertiary institutions of learning, for the WiderNet Project, I spent a total of 6 weeks in the Gambia from the 27th of May 2002 till the 7th of July 2002. Work and research was conducted during 5 out of these six weeks. The Gambia is situated on the Atlantic Coast of West Africa. With a total area of about 11,300 sq km ( land area 10000 sq km and water area 1300 sq km),. The country extends eastward from the sea for some 300 miles (480 kilometers) along both banks of The River Gambia. The Gambia is almost completely enclosed by Senegal sharing borders with Senegal on its landward sides. The Gambia has 5 divisions and 1 city Banjul which is the Federal Capital. The other divisions are: Lower River, Central River, North Bank, Upper River and The Western Division. GOALS/OBJECTIVES The institution I primarily worked with in The Gambia was The Gambia College “School of Public Health”. My intended goals during the period spent in the Gambia were 1. To help The School of Public health set up a small intranet comprising of 5 workstations and a server as well as a copy of the WiderNet Project’s eGranary Digital Library, donated to the College by the WiderNet Project, 2. To consequently promote better communication for The University of Iowa/Gambia Linkage project and 3. To conduct a needs assessment of ICT and education in The Gambia with a focus more on tertiary education The Gambia College The Gambia College is one of the main institutions of higher learning in the country. With a population of over 1 million, the country’s major tertiary educational institutions are The University of The Gambia, The Gambia College and the Gambia Technical Training Institute (GTTI). Gambia College is made up of 4 schools; The School of Education, The School of Agriculture, The School of Nursing and The School of Public Health. Though I worked directly with The School of Public Health, my work extended to the college as a whole as well as the other institutions mentioned. This institution serves as a training ground for the majority of the countries professionals and educationists. The use of ICT in the college can be said to be at its initial stages. When I arrived at the college, it had 15 stand alone computers in the computer lab of the Brikama Campus used basically for the purpose of word processing. These 15 personal computers (pc's) are part of a 25 computer acquisition funded by the World Bank. The World bank under a project called the "Third Educations Sector" project has not only donated these computers, but is also funding the construction of a new computer lab. Another project by The African Development Bank (ADB) purchased 12 computers for the School of Nursing and Midwifery located at the Banjul Campus. Similarly, these computers are stand alone pc's and were not in use during the course of my visit because of an inability to procure the required cables. A look at some of the computers donated to the School of Nursing The University of The Gambia The University of The Gambia which is still a fairly new institution was established by an Act of the National Assembly of the Gambia in March 1999. It was established to provide the opportunity for the attainment of higher degree studies in the country. A University Council was constituted in May 1999 top see to the development of degree programs in areas considered to be of critical need which had previously identified in the country by various commissions and task forces. These areas are: • Health and allied sciences, including medicine, public and environmental health, and nursing • Agriculture and natural resources; • Economics and management sciences; • Construction management; • Physical and natural sciences including computer science; and • Humanities and social sciences, including education Presently the faculties that have taken off are: 1. Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences 2. Faculty of Science and Agriculture 3. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 4. Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences The University of Gambia's server, hub and modem The University of Gambia Computer lab The Gambia Technical Training Institute (GTTI) GTTI offers two year craft and technician training programs. The courses offered include information technology, mechanical, electrical and construction engineering. Students earn either a certificate or a diploma, and some of these qualifications are awarded or validated by British institutions such as City and Guilds of London Institute, Pitman, and the Royal Society of Arts examining board. The DOSE has ministerial purview over GTTI. Management Development Institute MDI is an in-service management training, research and consultancy institution. Courses are part-time and include accounting, economic management, general management, information technology, and courses on gender. MDI, in collaboration with the Personnel Management Office (PMO), also runs courses for middle and top-level managers in the civil service. MDI is under the office of the President. An assessment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in The Gambia Like most African Countries, Gambia still has a lot to do with regards to its Information and Communication Technology Sector. The nation as a whole has made great strides to embrace the use and spread of ICT. Thanks to the UNDP Internet Initiative for Africa (IIA) 1 the ICT culture has already been imbibed. However, like in most developing country limited finances, lack of IT personnel and inadequate planning pose serious problems and serve as major constraints to the sustenance of effective IT systems in the country. Through numerous projects (of International and National nature) institutions and state departments have been able to procure and set up computer labs. But over the years, lack of maintenance due to various issues most often related directly or indirectly to financial constraints has prevented the country from sustaining these projects. On the brighter side, the Gambia already has an extremely impressive telecommunication infrastructure. Access to Telephones is wide spread and extends to the rural areas. Alongside the National Telecommunications operator; GAMTEL, numerous private owned Telecenters also exist. In any case the National Telecommunications operator is the primary ISP and the country's gateway is a satellite system from the GAMTEL Satellite Station in Abuko, The Gambia to Teleglobe in Canada. All other ISPS make use of this gateway to provide services to their users. However, even with the impressive telecommunication infrastructure within the country the widespread use of computers and the Internet still remains a problem. There is a high level of computer illiteracy and even though the desire to extend Internet services to rural areas exists, other numerous problems exist including the lack of or inconsistent power supply (electricity) as well as high costs of setting up such systems. Because of the restrictions within the country the use of satellite technology has not been adopted. Thus, though the nation still has far to go, it cannot but be mentioned that they have made considerable progress. It appears to be a recognized fact that the nation needs to not only incorporate ICT into its national policy but there is a need for the public and private institutions (especially the educational institutions) to develop strategic IT plans. During this preliminary visit, we concentrated on getting a small network set up i.e. an Intranet and local area network comprising of 5 workstations and a server. This involved setting up the network components donated by The WiderNet Project, in Iowa. We set up the 5 personal computers and connected them to an eight port hub with network cables and ensured that the work stations could access the Digital Library, (information on health, literature, general facts, etc) we had on the 60G hard drive of the server. We also conducted a needs assessment research to enable us discover how a linkage could be fostered by the WiderNet Project and academic institutions in the Gambia 1 http://www.un.gm/undp/ict/raf97021.htm The Intranet!!! The Internet!!! Opening of the New Computer Lab and WiderNet Field Library Full Report The WiderNet Project’s eGranary Digital Library The School of Public Health Computer Room Information they say is knowledge and knowledge, wealth. But to be useful, knowledge and information must be effectively communicated to people. Education is the communication of information. As a source of knowledge, access to and the spread of information, play an important role in the promotion of change in an economy… whether economical, cultural, legal, social political or technological.
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