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The Coral Reef Another, Budding New Members As They Go, Near St
Closeup on a Caribbean Reef view of St. Croix and the reef areas, take the Construction of a typical aquatic housing Surpassing even the familiar beauty of the Virgi trail to the top of Buck Island. The National project begins when the free-swimming coral Islands is the world of the tropical reef. At its Park Service provides picnic tables, charcoal larva attaches itself to some firm surface, be best, this world is incredibly colorful and variec grilles, a small house for changing clothes, a comes a full-fledged polyp, and begins secreting Intensely alive, the reef is nothing less than a sheltered pavilion, and restrooms. its own limy exterior skeleton. This single polyp joy to the senses. Swimming and snorkeling in and all its many descendants, building on one the crystal-clear lagoon just off Buck Island The Coral Reef another, budding new members as they go, near St. Croix is an ideal way to see one of the Of all the reef residents, the corals have the erect their communal skeleton outward and up best Caribbean reefs firsthand. Well suited to most extraordinary habits; these are the archi ward toward the all-important rays of the sun. beginner and expert alike, Buck Island Reef tects, the builders, and the landlords of the reef. Colony after colony in hundreds of shapes and offers shallow water snorkeling above the inner Ranging in size from a pinhead to a raindrop, sizes ultimately create the reefs that decorate reef and deep water exploring along the outer billions of tiny master builders, called polyps, the ocean floor—spires, trees, shrubs, stone- barrier. -
Buoys, Fenders and Floats Main Catalog
s t a o l F d g n o l 5 a 5 a 9 t s 1 r a e e C c n d i n s n i - e a F M , s y o u B Polyform - the Originator of the modern Plastic Buoy 2 Polyform ® was established in Ålesund, Norway in the year of 1955 and was the first company in the world to produce an inflatable, rotomolded soft Vinyl buoy. The product was an instant success and was immediately accepted in the domestic as well as overseas markets. Products and machinery were gradually developed and improved until the first major leap forward in our production technology happened in the 1970’s and early 1980’s when specially designed, in-house constructed machinery for rotomolding of our buoys and fenders was developed and put into use. Such type of machinery at that time was truly unique in the world of molding buoys and fenders. More recent and even more revolutionary developments took place in the new millennium, by our designing and constructing of the first ever fully automated and robot assisted production machinery, built for molding of inflatable fenders. Ever since the start in 1955, our company has been committed to further expand the range and to further develop, customize and improve the individual products. Today, Polyform ® of Norway can offer the widest range of inflatable buoys and fenders , expanded foam marina fenders, purse seine floats and an extensive range of hard-plastic products for use throughout the marine industry, including aquaculture/fish-farming, offshore oil and gas industry, harbors, ships, marina industry and custom made products also for land-based applications. -
1.0 Introduction
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 MARINE RECREATION AND TOURISM IN HAWAI‘I Hawai‘i hosts approximately seven million visitors each year who spend more than US $11 billion in the state and in the last 20 years tourism has increased over 65% (Friedlander et al., 2005). More than 80% of Hawaii’s visitors engage in recreation activities in the state’s coastal and marine areas with the majority of these individuals participating in scuba diving (200,000 per year) or snorkeling (3 million per year) when visiting (Hawai‘i DBEDT, 2002; van Beukering & Cesar, 2004). Other popular marine recreation activities include ocean kayaking, parasailing, swimming, outrigger canoeing, and surfing. Coral reef areas are a focal point for much of this recreation use, but these areas are also a natural resource that has considerable social, cultural, environmental, and economic importance to the people of Hawai‘i. For example, the state’s reefs generate US $800 million in revenue and $360 million in added value each year (Cesar & van Beukering, 2004; Davidson et al., 2003). These reefs are also important for local residents, as approximately 30% of households in the state have at least one person who fishes for recreation and almost 10% of households also fish for subsistence purposes (QMark, 2005). As popularity of Hawaii’s reef areas continues to increase, demand for access and use can disrupt coastal processes, damage ecological integrity of reef environments, reduce the quality of user experiences, and generate conflict among stakeholders regarding appropriate management responses (Orams, 1999). As a result, state regulatory agencies such as Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) are faced with a set of challenges that include determining use thresholds and how to 1 manage and monitor use levels to ensure that thresholds are not violated, protecting reef environments from degradation, and ensuring that user experiences are not compromised. -
Marine Recreation at the Molokini Shoal Mlcd
MARINE RECREATION AT THE MOLOKINI SHOAL MLCD Final Report Prepared By: Brian W. Szuster, Ph.D. Department of Geography University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Mark D. Needham, Ph.D. Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Conducted For And In Cooperation With: Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources Department of Land and Natural Resources July 2010 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Emma Anders, Petra MacGowan, Dan Polhemus, Russell Sparks, Skippy Hau, Athline Clark, Carlie Wiener, Bill Walsh, Wayne Tanaka, David Gulko, and Robert Nishimoto at Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources for their assistance, input, and support during this project. Kaimana Lee, Bixler McClure, and Caitlin Bell are thanked for their assistance with project facilitation and data collection. The authors especially thank Merrill Kaufman and Quincy Gibson at Pacific Whale Foundation, Jeff Strahn at Maui Dive Shop, Don Domingo at Maui Dreams Dive Company, Greg Howeth at Lāhaina Divers, and Ed Robinson at Ed Robinson’s Diving for their support in facilitating aspects of this study. Also thanked are Hannah Bernard (Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund), Randy Coon (Trilogy Sailing Charters), Mark de Renses (Blue Water Rafting), Emily Fielding (The Nature Conservancy), Pauline Fiene (Mike Severns Diving), Paul Ka‘uhane Lu‘uwai (Hawaiian Canoe Club), Robert Kalei Lu‘uwai (Ma‘alaea Boat and Fishing Club), Ken Martinez Bergmaier (Maui Trailer Boat Club), Ananda Stone (Maui Reef Fund), and Scott Turner (Pride of Maui). A special thank you is extended to all of recreationists who took time completing surveys. Funding for this project was provided by the Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program award numbers NA06NOS4190101 and NA07NOS4190054. -
Spearfishing in Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
· Great • Reef Marine Park Authoiity LAw Bu • Issue Number 18 SPEARFISHING IN GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK Where am I allowed to spearfish? Seasonal Closure Areas You may spearfish in all gerieral use zones in the Seasonal Closure Areas are areas closed to all access Marine Park, and in all non-zoned sections of the during the breeding or nesting periods of birds or Marine Park. You should note that some Queensland other marine life. The closure of these areas is waters are closed to spearfishing - there are details advertised. of those areas in the Queensland Harbours ahd What equipment can I use? Marine Tide Tables. You may only spearfish using a snorkel and a hand Where am I NOT allowed to spearfish? spear or speargun. You may not use any other You may not spearfish in Marine National Park 'A', underwater breathing equipment (such as scuba or Marine National Park Buffer and Marine National hookah) and you may only use a powerhead for Park 'B' Zones, nor in Scientific Research or protection against a shark attack. Preservation Zones. You also may not spearfish in areas where periodic restrictions are in operation. Can I sell fish I spear? These areas may be Replenishment Areas, Reef Spearfishing for the purpose of sale or trade is not Appreciation Areas, Reef Research Areas or Seasonal allowed in the Marine Park, with one exception, in Closure Areas. the Far Northern Section of the Marine Park it is permitted to spear crayfish for purposes of sale or Replenishment Areas trade (you can also use scuba or hookah in this A Replenishment Area is an area closed for a circumstance - but only for crayfish). -
SPEARFISHING Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident – Non-Resident
Section III – S . 1 SPEARFISHING Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident – Non-Resident Alabama Game, Fish and Wildlife Law; Article 5; beginning with 9-11-170 PRIVILEGE: • Allows person completely submerged, to spear commercial or non-game fish in freshwater or saltwater state. NOTE: • Possession of speargun or spearing device in a boat or on the bank of a body of water is prima facie evidence of its use. • Appropriate freshwater and/or saltwater fishing license is also required for spearfishing in freshwater. • License not required to frog gig. COST: • Resident Annual ..................... $6.00 • Non-Resident Annual .............. $8.50 • Non-Resident 7-Day Trip ........ $3.50 HOW TO PURCHASE YOUR LICENSE: • Visit www.outdooralabama.com/alabama-license-information • Call 1-888-848-6887 (Immediate confirmation code is given. Processing fees apply) • Visit the Marine Resources Office o 999 Commerce Street, Gulf Shores, AL 36547 o 2 North Iberville, Dauphin Island, AL 36542 • Visit the Montgomery Office (64 North Union St., Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL 36104) o 64 N Union Street, Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL • Mail a completed application (download at www.outdooralabama.com/licenses) to Dept. of Conservation, Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Attn: License Sales: o PO Box 301456, Montgomery, AL 36130-1456 o 64 N Union St., Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL 36104 (overnight/express) Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries Division – License Manual Revised: 09/17 Revised: 09/17 Section III – S. 2 DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES WILDLIFE AND FRESHWATER FISHERIES DIVISION SPEARFISHING LICENSE Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident LICENSE HOLDER: all information is required. PRINT OR TYPE ONLY INCOMPLETE APPLICATIONS WILL BE RETURNED Name: ____________________________________________________________ Sex: Male Female (1) Social Security #: - - Driver’s License # __________________ Wt. -
A Quantitative Comparison of Recreational Spearwshing and Linewshing on the Great Barrier Reef: Implications for Management of Multi-Sector Coral Reef Wsheries
Coral Reefs (2008) 27:85–95 DOI 10.1007/s00338-007-0293-z REPORT A quantitative comparison of recreational spearWshing and lineWshing on the Great Barrier Reef: implications for management of multi-sector coral reef Wsheries A. J. Frisch · R. Baker · J-P. A. Hobbs · L. Nankervis Received: 3 May 2007 / Accepted: 6 August 2007 / Published online: 25 August 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract This study compared the catch composition, equitably across both Wshing sectors. A management strategy catch per unit eVort, and incidental impacts of spearWshers of this type will simplify enforcement of Wsheries regulations and lineWshers engaged in a structured Wshing program and avoid discrimination of particular Wshers in local whereby Wshing eVort was standardized across time, space communities where both Wshing methods are socially or and skill level. It was found that (1) the catch composition culturally important. of both groups of Wshers overlapped considerably, (2) the numbers of target Wsh caught by spearWshers (156) and Keywords SpearWshing · LineWshing · Catch per unit lineWshers (168) were not signiWcantly diVerent, (3) the eVort · Selectivity · Coral trout · Bycatch mean size of target Wsh caught by spearWshers (1.95 § 0.1 kg, §SE) was signiWcantly larger than the mean size of target Wsh caught by lineWshers (1.27 § 0.06 kg), and (4) spear- Introduction Wshers retained 43% more biomass of target species than did lineWshers (304 versus 213 kg, respectively). However, OverWshing is deemed to be one of the greatest threats to lineWshers used »1 kg of bait for every 3 kg of target Wsh the future of coral reefs (Jackson et al. -
An Unusual Pulse in Recruitment of Two Reef Fishes in the Galã
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 67(2): 869–874, 2000 AN UNUSUAL PULSE IN RECRUITMENT OF TWO REEF FISHES IN THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS COINCIDENT WITH THE 1997–1998 EL NIÑO Benjamin I. Ruttenberg Recruitment pulses of reef fishes can result in significant changes in both population and community structure of fishes on reefs (reviewed by Sale, 1991). These pulses can occur because of increased reproduction (Danilowicz, 1997), increased larval or juvenile survivorship (Gutierrez, 1998; Jones, 1997), or increased larval supply to an area (Caselle and Warner, 1996; Masterson et al., 1997). Pulses of commercially valuable species can also be significant factors to consider for fishery management, as a pulse may be fished down over the following years or seasons (see Sissenwine, 1984 and references therein). Environmental factors can also have a substantial impact on recruitment pulses, and while pulses are frequently observed, they can be attributed only occasionally to a specific environmental event (e.g., Cowen, 1985; Doherty, 1991; Lenarz et al., 1995; Masterson et al., 1997; Danilowicz, 1997). This paper presents evidence of pulses in recruitment of two reef fishes in the Galápagos Islands that occurred coincident with a large-scale envi- ronmental perturbation, the 1997–1998 El Niño. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the largest recurring global climatic perturbation, generally occurring every 3 to 7 yrs (Hansen, 1989). The Galápagos Islands are heavily affected by this phenomenon, where average sea surface temperatures can rise by more than 4°C throughout the archipelago and current patterns can change dramatically (Wyrtki et al., 1976; Glynn and Wellington, 1983; Houvenaghel, 1984; Wellington et al., in press). -
Safe Boating Guidelines
DIVE FLAGS HEALTH & DIVING REFERENCE SERIES When diving, fly the flag. Ensure the flags are stiff, 6 West Colony Place unfurled and in recognizable condition. Durham, NC 27705 USA SAFE BOATING PHONE: +1-919-684-2948 DIVER DOWN FLAG DAN EMERGENCY HOTLINE: +1-919-684-9111 GUIDELINES This flag explicitly signals that divers are in the water and should always be flown from a vessel or buoy when divers are in the water. When flown from a vessel, the diver down flag should be at least 20 inches by 24 inches and flown above the vessel’s highest point. When displayed from a buoy, the flag should be at least 12 inches by 12 inches. ALPHA FLAG Internationally recognized, this flag is flown when the mobility of a vessel is restricted, indicating that other vessels should yield the right of way. The alpha flag may be flown along with the diver down flag when divers are in the water. D SURFACE MARKER BUOYS I V When deployed during ascent, a E surface marker buoy (SMB) will make R a diver’s presence more visible. In B addition to a SMB, divers may also E L use a whistle or audible signal, a dive O light or a signaling mirror to notify W boaters of their location in the water. Part #: 013-1034 Rev. 3.27.15 REPORT DIVING INCIDENTS ONLINE AT DAN.ORG/INCIDENTREPORT. JOIN US AT DAN.ORG SAFE BOATING GUIDELINES To prevent injuries and death by propeller and vessel strikes, divers and boaters must be proactively aware of one another. -
The Marine Archaeological Resource
The marine archaeological resource IFA Paper No. 4 Ian Oxley and David O’Regan IFA PAPER NO. 4 THE MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE Published by the Institute of Field Archaeologists SHES, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 227, Reading RG6 6AB ISBN 0 948393 18 1 Copyright © the authors (text), illustrations by permission © IFA (typography and design) Edited by Jenny Moore and Alison Taylor The authors Ian Oxley, formerly Deputy Director of the Archaeological Diving Unit, University of St Andrews, is researching the management of historic wreck sites at the Centre for Environmental Resource Management, Department of Civil and Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. David O’Regan is a freelance archaeologist, formerly Project Manager for the Defence of Britain Project, Imperial War Museum. Acknowledgements A document attempting to summarise a subject area as wide as UK maritime archaeology inevitably involves the input of a large number of people. It is impossible to name them all and therefore any omissions are regretted but their support is gratefully acknowledged. Particular thanks go to Martin Dean, Mark Lawrence, Ben Ferrari, Antony Firth, Karen Gracie-Langrick, Mark Redknap and Kit Watson. General thanks go to the past and present staff members of the Archaeological Diving Unit and the Scottish Institute of Maritime Studies at the University of St Andrews, and officers and Council members of the IFA and its Maritime Affairs Special Interest Group. The IFA gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Historic Scotland, and the Environment and Heritage Service, Historic Buildings and Monuments, DoE(NI), for funding this paper. -
Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks Zoning MAP 10
148°30'E 148°15'E 148°20'E148°25'E 148°35'E 148°40'E 148°45'E 148°50'E 148°55'E 149°00'E 149°05'E 149°10'E 149°15'E 149°20'E 149°25'E Dingo Reef (No 2) Dingo Reef (No 6) 19-056 18-038b 18-038f 19°10'S 19-284 19°10'S Darley Reef Dingo Reef (No 1) 19-057 19°11.280'S 148°54.000'E 19-043 19-038a P-19-19 19-058 MNP-18-1076 19-059 MNP-18-1076 19-077 Tiger Reef 19-060 19-062 19°12.480'S 19-054 Jacqueline Reef 19-306 19-061 149°26.709'E 19-078 19-277 19°14.105'S 19°14.399'S 149°11.085'E 19-276 149°01.518'E 19-295 148°53.040'E 148°44.424'E 19°15.267'S 19°15'S Kangaroo Reef (East) 19°15'S 19°15.528'S Kangaroo 19-310 Reef (West) 19-063a 19-293 19-063b 19°16.197'S 19-299 19-064 Faith Reef 148°55.200'E 19-079 19-301 19-044 19-288 19-080 19-286 148°29.114'E 19-289 19-294 148°50.400'E Ellen Reef 19-081 19-300 Hope Reef 19-281 19-065 19°19.200'S 19-046 Elizabeth Reef 19°19.755'S 19-082 19-083 19-311 19°20'S 19-282 19°20'S 19-066 Eulalie Reef 19-085 19-084 19-091 19-088 19-307 19-069 19-086 19°21.579'S 19-067 Charity Reef 19-070 19-287 148°53.808'E 19-089 148°57.324'E 19-047 148°40.893'E 19-092 19-087 19-090 19-285 19°22.839'S 19-280 19-068 Cobham Reef 19-093 19-309 148°37.212'E (North) 19-074a Gould Reef 19-073 19-308 19-072a Kennedy Reef 19°25'S 19°25'S Cobham Reef (South) 19-096 Wallaby Reef 19-074b 19-236 19-071 19-094 19-072b 19-072e 19-095 148°58.200'E Net Reef Showers Reef 19-097 19-237 19-072c 19-072d 19-076 Seagull Reef 19°29.400'S # 19-107 148°55.200'E 19°30'S -
Version 2 – 1St May 2012
Version 2 – 1st May 2012 1 NOTES 2 CONTENTS CADD Member’s List (insert current list) 4 CADD Dive Manager’s Checklist 5 BSAC Dive Planning & Management 6 BSAC Dive Definitions & Responsibilities 11 CADD Deep Diving Guidelines 12 BSAC Expedition Leader Guidelines 13 BSAC Instructor Requirements 27 BSAC Level of Supervision Chart 29 BSAC Diver’s Code of Conduct 30 BSAC Diving in the English Lake District 33 BSAC ppO2 Look-Up Chart 35 Equivalent Air Depth Table 36 Diving With a Rebreather 37 CADD Generic Dive Specific Risk Assessment 39 CADD Log Sheet 40 CADD Generic Risk Assessment 41 BSAC Emergency Action Checklist 43 CADD Dive Site Accident & Emergency Locations 44 DDRC Accident Management Flowchart 45 BSAC Casualty Assessment 46 BSAC Incident Procedure 47 BSAC Helicopter Evacuation Notes 48 BSAC Incident Report Form 49 3 INSERT CURRENT MEMBERSHIP LIST 4 CADD Dive Manager’s Checklist Some items will not be applicable to some dives and this list should be sensibly adapted to suit the situation. Pre-dive Planning Discuss proposed dive with DO Obtain as much dive site information as possible, i.e. wreck tours, guide books etc Make preliminary enquiries for boat, gas & accommodation as necessary Contact all club members, make qualification and experience pre-requisites clear Ensure sufficient instructors are available and willing to participate in any training Ensure dive site is safe & suitable for all divers accepted to attend Collect deposits from interested members Book boat & accommodation Open trip to non-club members if empty