Health Issues Index

A Abdominal fat, 681 Abdominal pain, 222 Abortion, 1-7, 458; AIDS and, 42; fetal tissue transplants and, 374; selective, 642; spontaneous, 632; teenagers and, 7-9 Abortion pill, 638 Abscess, 943; tooth, 254 Abstem, 46 Abuse; child, 150, 176-184, 282, 369, 645, 728; elder, 285, 311-316; partner, 283 Accidents, 535, 779 Acetaminophen, 97, 606, 728, 771 Acetylcholine, 708 Achilles tendon, 392 Acid pump inhibitors, 907 Acidosis, 943 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. See AIDS Acrochordons, 821 Actinic keratoses, 821 Actinic purpura, 819 Active immunity, 943 Activities of daily living, 658, 660 Acupressure, 63 Acupuncture, 9-13, 63 Acyclovir, 455, 812 ADA deficiency. See Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency ADD. See Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) Addiction, 13-21, 295; recovery programs for, 761 Adenocarcinoma, 224, 569 Adenopathy, 943 Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, 398, 410 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 346, 943 Adenoviruses, 396, 943 Adhesion, 943 Adipose tissue, 943 Adrenal gland, 943 Adrenaline, 855 Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACoA), 763 Adult day care, 75 Adult Protective Services, 314 Advance directives, 480, 567, 888 Advanced life support, 943 Adverse drug reactions, 697 Aerobic exercise, 346, 352, 357, 359, 363, 687, 943 African sleeping sickness, 706 Age-related macular degeneration, 574, 910 Age spots, 820 Aging, 21-29, 239; cosmetic surgery and, 229-231; dental problems and, 252-256; exercise and, 24, 356-364, 371, 633, 650, 920; muscle loss with, 23, 357, 361, 633, 648-651; nutrition and, 586, 649, 663-666; obesity and, 681-684, 920; reaction time and, 27, 759-760; reproductive system and, 27; skin disorders and, 23, 818-823, 884; sleep changes with, 25, 823-825; temperature regulation and, 28, 535, 820, 824, 884-885; vision problems and, 24, 574, 908-912; weight changes with, 23, 649, 682, 917-920 AIDS, 30-36, 811; children and, 36-41; women and, 41-43 Air pollution, 326, 814, 830 Air quality, 326, 814, 830 Al-Anon, 761 Alateen, 761-762 Alcohol, 48, 372, 548, 729; medications and, 698; pregnancy and, 50, 372; ulcers and, 906 Alcohol dependence, 48, 943 Alcohol poisoning, 729 Alcohol testing, 548 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 46, 760 Alcoholism, 15-16, 43-48; elderly and, 53-56; impotence and, 805; recovery programs for, 760; teenagers and, 48-53, 295 Alkylating agents, 173 Allergies, 56-62, 104, 206, 731, 943; asthma and, 104; chronic fatigue syndrome and, 204; food, 58, 668 Allotransplantation, 894, 943 Alopecia, 415, 943 Alpha-fetoprotein, 291, 482 Alprazolam, 260 Alternative medicine, 62-68 Alveoli, 103, 319, 322, 943 Alveolus, 943 Alzheimer’s disease, 69-77, 240, 502, 563, 659; malnutrition and, 588 AMA. See American Medical Association Amebic dysentery, 706 Amelogenesis imperfecta, 247, 250, 943 Amenorrhea, 84, 307, 616, 622, 692, 943 American Cancer Society, 597 American Medical Association, 459; abortion and, 1; assisted suicide and, 343; euthanasia and, 345 Aminoguanidine, 272 Amnesia, 612 Amniocentesis, 77-82, 130, 290, 765 Amnioinfusion, 4 Amniotic fluid, 78 Amniotic sac, 943 Amputation, 499, 833 Anabolic steroids, 853 Anaerobic, 943 Anaerobic exercise, 360 Analgesics, 97, 887 Anaphylactic shock, 58 Anaphylaxis, 60, 943 Androgenetic alopecia, 414 Anemia, 588, 944; pregnancy and, 738 Anencephaly, 626 Aneurysms, 499, 503, 859 Angina, 25, 160, 439, 443, 448 Angiography, 575 Angiomas, 820 Angioplasty, 441, 446, 449, 542 Ankylosing spondylitis, 96 Anodontia, 246, 250 Anomia, 71 Anorexia nervosa, 83-85, 305-307, 944 Anoxia, 555 Antabuse, 46 Antacids, 607, 905 Anthrax, 939 Antibiotic resistance, 86-90, 496, 902 Antibiotics, 86, 615; antitumor, 174 Antibody, 944 Antidepressants, 115, 259, 874, 944 Antidote, 944 Antigens, 894, 944 Antihistamines, 60 Antimetabolites, 173 Antioxidants, 587, 913 Antivenin, 836, 944 Anxiety, 698 Aphasia, 839, 944 Apnea, 826, 863, 944 Appetite suppressants, 678 Arcus senilis, 909 Aromatherapy, 65 Arrhythmias, 444, 446-447, 768, 944 Arteriosclerosis, 90-93, 271, 439, 443, 498, 859 Arthritis, 27, 93-99, 698; Lyme disease and, 572 Arthropods, 705, 941 Articulation, 838 Artificial insemination, 521, 527, 765 Artificial respiration, 767 Asbestos, 99-102, 326 Asbestosis, 100 Ascaris lumbricoides, 705 Aseptic meningitis, 614 Asian flu, 531 Asperger’s syndrome, 114 Aspirin, 701, 728, 771, 906 Assault, 315 Assisted living, 69 Assisted suicide, 343, 878 Asthma, 58, 102-107, 488; smoking and, 195, 802 Astigmatism, 542 Asymptomatic, 944 Asystole, 768 Atherectomy, 441 Atherosclerosis, 25, 90, 447, 498, 944 Athletes, 350, 853 ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Atria, 944 Atrial fibrillation, 444 Atrophy, 944 Attention-deficit disorder (ADD), 107-112 Attenuation, 944 Auditory dyslexia, 302 Aura, 421 Autism, 112-117 Autoimmune disorders, 27, 96, 204, 206 Autonomic nervous system, 118 Autosomal dominant diseases, 404 Autosomal recessive diseases, 404, 944 Autotransplantation, 944 Azathiaprine, 894 AZT, 33

B Babies, 922 Baby blues, 735 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, 902 Bacteria, 86, 944; flesh-eating, 654 Bacterial meningitis, 614 Balance, 361 Balance disorders, 25, 54, 370 Baldness, 24, 230, 414-418 Balloon angioplasty, 441, 446, 449 Barbiturates, 698 Bargaining, 236 Basal cell carcinoma, 817, 822 Basal ganglia, 944 Basal metabolic rate, 27, 944 Basic life support, 944 BCG vaccine. See Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine Beattie, Melody, 762 Bedsores, 480, 820, 904 Bee stings, 58 Behavioral therapy, 18 Benign, 945 Benign cells, 153 Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 755 Benign senescent forgetfulness, 239, 611 Benzodiazepines, 827 Bereavement, 236 Bereavement counseling, 475 Beriberi, 582 Beta-agonists, 106 Bifocals, 909 Bile, 25 Binge drinking, 49, 296, 945 Binge eating, 308 Biofeedback, 64, 117-121, 517, 945 Biomagnification, 714 Biopsy, 702, 945 Bipolar disorder, 257, 736, 945 Birth control, 121-126, 227, 765 Birth defects, 126-133, 193, 216, 276, 289, 400, 641, 838, 841; learning disabilities and, 554 Birthing centers, 653 Birthmarks, 543, 816 Bites; animal, 939; human, 179 Bleeding, 377, 543 Blepharoplasty, 229 Blind spot, 574 Blindness, 574, 810, 911 Blisters, 395, 453, 810, 879 Blood clots, 859 Blood pressure, 362, 439, 483-484 Blood thinners, 605 Blood transfusions, 59 Blue bloaters, 319 Blurred vision, 574, 860 BMI. See Body mass index (BMI) Body composition, 348, 649, 681, 834, 918, 945 Body mass index (BMI), 367, 681, 684, 945 Body piercing, 880-881 Body shape, 681 Bonding, 945 Bone loss, 650, 692 Bone marrow, 156, 175 Bones, 23, 692; broken, 147 Boosters, 508 Botulism, 386 Bovine growth hormone, 413 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 577 Braces, orthopedic, 788, 847 Bradycardia, 359, 444, 498, 945 Brain, 27, 481, 502, 588, 613, 708, 759, 858; dyslexia and the, 301 Brain damage, 626, 860 Breast cancer, 133-137, 402, 595, 599, 674, 930 Breast-feeding, 137-143, 666, 675 Breast milk, 139, 667 Breast surgery, 136, 143-146, 232, 600 Breathalyzer, 548 Breathing, 322, 357, 377, 922 Breech birth, 186 Bridges, 253 Broad-spectrum antibiotics, 86 Broken bones; elderly and, 147-149, 370 Bronchioles, 103, 322, 945 Bronchitis, 319, 321, 833 Bronchodilators, 105 Brow lifts, 229 Brown bag days, 607 Brown recluse spider, 941 Brucellosis, 939 Bruises, 178, 181, 819 Bubonic plague, 331, 725, 941 Bulimia, 308, 798 Bunions, 394 Burns, 149-152, 317, 535, 776, 820; child abuse and, 179 Bypass surgery, 441, 446 Byssinosis, 327

C Cachexia, 648 Caffeine, 516, 745; breast milk and, 142; insomnia and, 826; pregnancy and, 193; ulcers and, 906 Calcitonin, 694 Calcium, 587, 665, 674, 693, 695 Caloric restriction, 28 Calories, 677, 945 Cancer, 27, 133, 152-157, 172, 479, 503, 833, 945; asbestos and, 100; breast, 133-137, 402, 595, 599, 674, 930; cervical, 167-172, 702; colon, 224-227, 501, 930; Down syndrome and, 289; fluoride and, 380; food irradiation and, 383; gene therapy and, 398; hysterectomy and, 494; lasers and, 543; lung, 100, 501, 568-571, 758, 833, 930; nutrition and, 674; obesity and, 677, 683; ovarian, 167-172; pesticides and, 715; phytochemicals and, 913; prostate, 501, 751-754; skin, 23, 816-818, 822; smoking and, 801; uterine, 167-172, 702; women and, 930 Candidiasis, 935 Canes, 157-159, 781 Cannula, 945 Capacitation, 945 Capillaries, 819 Carbohydrates, 945 Carbon monoxide, 326, 801 Carcinogens, 100, 225, 380, 800, 945 Cardiac rehabilitation, 160-165, 350 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 200, 293, 767, 945 Cardiovascular disease, 160, 945 Cardiovascular system, 25, 357 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 165-167, 690 Cartilage, 94 Casts, 788 Cat-scratch fever, 938 Cataplexy, 826 Cataracts, 24, 542, 911 Cats, 938 Cavities, 248-249, 251, 253; prevention, 382 Cell therapy, 66 Cellular clock theory of aging, 22 Central nervous system, 946 Cephalopelvic disproportion, 186 Cerebral cortex, 946 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 481, 946 Cerebrovascular accident, 858 Cervical cancer, 167-172, 702 Cervix, 490, 526, 946 Cesarean section, 184, 745 Chagas’ disease, 707 Chancre, 809 Chemicals, 418, 643, 711 Chemotherapy, 134, 155-156, 172-176, 226, 600, 888, 946 Cherry angiomas, 820 Chest compressions, 767 Ch’i, 9, 63 Chickenpox, 190, 453, 455; Reye’s syndrome and, 771 Child abuse, 150, 176-184, 282, 369, 645, 728 Childbirth; complications of, 184-187; depression following, 735; natural, 651-654 Childhood infectious diseases, 187-191, 194, 506 Childproofing, 200, 369, 772 Children; AIDS and, 36-41; dental problems in, 218, 244-252; depression in, 262-264; drowning and, 294; effects of smoking on, 194, 802; exercise and, 351-356, 686; falls among, 181, 368- 369, 773; health issues and, 177, 191-196, 718; immunizations for, 193, 504-507; lead poisoning and, 551; malnutrition among, 580-586; nutrition and, 367, 580, 666-673; obesity and, 684-689; physical fitness tests for, 718-720; safety issues for, 200, 369, 772-779; sports injuries among, 355, 843-848; suicide among, 871-875 Chinese medicine, 9 Chiropractic, 64 Chlamydia, 812 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 712 Chlorination, 197-198, 327, 917 Chlorine, 197, 917 Chloroform, 198 Choking, 198-200, 535, 776 Cholecystectomy, 539, 946 Cholecystitis, 500 Cholesterol, 90, 92, 200-202, 500, 673, 683, 928 Cholinesterase inhibitors, 73 Chorionic villi, 946 Chorionic villus sampling, 81, 130, 291, 765 Chromosomal abnormalities, 79, 127, 626 Chromosomes, 287, 291, 400, 404, 946 Chronic bronchitis, 321 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 202-208 Chronic illnesses, 478; suicide and, 876 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 319-320, 501, 833 Cigarettes, 890. See also Smoking Circadian rhythms, 65, 797, 824, 946 Circulatory problems, 605 Circumcision; boys, 208-213; girls, 213-216 Cirrhosis, 26, 44, 897, 946 Clean Air Act, 99, 552 Cleft lip, 216-221 Cleft palate, 216-221 Climacteric, 27 Clinical trial, 946 Clitoris, 214 Cloning, 412, 513 Cluster headaches, 422, 425 Coal, 327, 830 Cobalt 60, 383 Cocaine, 16, 299 Codependency, 762 Codependents Anonymous (CoDA), 763 Co-Dependents of Sex Addicts (COSA), 762 Cognitive, 946 Cognitive skills, 70, 759 Cognitive therapy, 17 Coitus interruptus, 123 Cold, 721 Cold sores, 453 Colic, 222-224 Collagen, 23, 819 Colon, 501 Colon cancer, 224-227, 501, 930 Colon therapy, 66 Colonoscopy, 225 Color vision, 909 Colorado tick fever, 560 Colostrum, 139, 946 Coma, 730 Compulsion, 946 Compulsive behavior, 113 Computed tomography (CT) scan, 946 Comstock Law, 123 Con artists, 315 Condom catheters, 518 Condoms, 123, 227-228 Conductive hearing loss, 432, 435 Confusion, 71, 480 Congenital disease, 946 Congestive heart failure, 25 Conjoined twins, 640 Conjunctivitis, 810, 946 Connective tissue, 946 Constipation, 699 Contact dermatitis, 58, 820 Contraception. See Birth control; Condoms; Hysterectomy; Sterilization Contusions, 845, 946 Convalescent homes, 658-663; elder abuse in, 313 Coordination, 361 Cornea, 909 Corneal sculpting, 542 Coronary arteries, 946 Coronary artery bypass graft, 449 Coronary artery disease, 443, 445, 447, 749, 927, 946 Coronary bypass surgery, 441, 446, 749 Corpus luteum, 525, 621-622, 946 Corticosteroids, 106 Cortisone, 694 Cosmetic surgery, 565; aging and, 229-231; women and, 231-233 Coughing, 198 Coumadin, 605 Cox inhibitors, 97 CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Crab lice, 559 Crack, 299 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 577 Cri du chat syndrome, 128, 404 Cribs, 773 Crime against the elderly, 314, 536 Crohn’s disease, 501 Cross-linkage theory of aging, 22 Crowns, 253 Cryokinetics, 722 Cryopreservation, 513, 522, 947 Cryotherapy, 844 Crypt, 947 Culdoscopy, 849 Cushing’s syndrome, 676 Cuspids, 947 Cutaneous, 947 Cutaneous horns, 821 Cyanosis, 319 Cyclosporine, 894 Cyclothymia, 258, 947 Cystic fibrosis, 398 Cytomegalovirus, 454, 456

D D & C. See Dilation and curettage (D&C) D & E. See Dilation and evacuation (D&E) Dairy products, 537 Dalmane, 698 DDT, 712 Deafness, 433, 657 Death, 234-239, 341, 632, 862, 866; children and, 871 Debridement, 947 Deciduous teeth, 947 Decubital ulcers, 480 Deductibles, 427 Defibrillation, 947 Defibrillators, 768 Dehydration, 54, 536, 884, 922, 947 Delirium, 480, 733, 947 Delirium tremens, 44, 947 Delusions, 782, 947 Dementia, 69-70, 239-244, 267, 588, 611, 659 Denial, 235 Dental caries, 947 Dental problems; children and, 218, 244-252; elderly and, 252-256 Dentin, 253 Dentinogenesis imperfecta, 247, 250 Dentistry; fluoride treatments in, 381-382 Dentures, 253, 255 Deoxyribonucleic acid. See DNA Depo-Provera, 125 Depression, 256-262, 947; children and, 262-264; dying and, 236; elderly and, 55, 265-268, 876; hysterectomy and, 493; memory loss and, 612; postpartum, 735-736; suicide and, 867; summer, 796; winter, 796; women and, 931 Dermatitis, 732, 820 Dermatitis, contact, 58 Dermis, 947 DES. See Diethylstilbestrol Desensitization, 61 Detached retina, 909, 911 Detoxification, 51, 67, 947 DHEA, 22 Diabetes mellitus, 268-274, 362, 408, 500, 588, 677, 683, 929; fetal tissue transplants and, 375; transplantation and, 897 Diabetic retinopathy, 911 Dialysis, 409, 484, 895 Diastolic pressure, 484 Diathermy, 721 Diazepam, 698 Diet pills, 921 Diethylstilbestrol, 638 Dieting, 83, 678-679, 683, 686 Digestive system, 25 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 415 Dilation, 947 Dilation and curettage (D&C), 4 Dilation and evacuation (D&E), 4 Dioxin, 327 Diphtheria, 190, 506, 510 Disabilities, 274-279, 433, 925; insurance for, 427 Disease, 331 Dislocations, 845, 947 Disorientation, 55 Disseminated, 947 Diuretics, 54, 606, 694 Diverticulosis, 501 Dizziness, 370 DNA, 22, 412, 947; testing, 548 DNR status. See “Do not resuscitate” status “Do not resuscitate” status, 76, 567 Dogs, 939 Domestic violence, 279-287, 312 Dominant gene, 947 Dopamine, 708, 784 Double-blind study, 947 Double vision, 860 Down syndrome, 72, 79-80, 127, 287-293, 626, 745, 947 DPT vaccine, 506 Drinking water, 100, 197, 327, 378, 914 Driving, 536, 635, 637, 759, 780 Drowning, 293-295, 775 Drug abuse, 730; pregnancy and, 193; recovery programs for, 761; steroids and, 853; suicide and, 868; teenagers and, 295-300 Drug interactions, 54-55, 698, 834 Drug resistance, 86 Dry eyes, 909 Dry skin, 819 Durable power of attorney, 76, 345, 568, 888, 947 Dust mites, 560 Dying, 234-239, 473 Dysfunction, 948 Dysgraphia, 302 Dyslexia, 300-305, 553, 948 Dysmenorrhea, 622 Dysthymia, 258, 948

E E. coli, 948 Ears, 433, 923 Earwax, 435 Eating disorders, 83, 305-311, 622, 948; stress fractures and, 846 Ebola virus, 335 ECG. See Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) Eclampsia, 738, 948 Ectodermal dysplasia, 246 Ectopic pregnancy, 850, 948 Eczema, gravitational, 822 Edema, 319, 948 EEG. See Electroencephalogram (EEG) Efficacy, 948 Eggs, 511 EKG. See Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) Elastin, 23 Elder abuse, 282, 285, 311-316 Elderly; alcoholism among, 53-56; broken bones in, 147-149, 370; dental problems and, 252-256; depression and, 55, 265-268, 876; exercise and, 24, 356-364, 371, 633, 650, 920; falls and, 148, 370-371, 633, 779; hospitalization of, 476-481; illnesses and, 497-504; immunizations for, 508- 511; injuries among, 535-537, 779; malnutrition among, 586-589, 665; medications and, 54, 267, 479, 604-609, 697; mobility problems in, 157, 632-638, 648, 708, 781, 924; nutrition and, 586, 649, 663-666; obesity and, 681-684, 920; safety issues for, 149, 370, 779-782; skin disorders and, 23, 818-823, 884; sleep changes and, 25, 823-825; suicide among, 875-878; temperature regulation in, 28, 535, 820, 824, 884-885; vision problems in, 24, 574, 908-912; wheelchair use among, 781, 924-926 Electrical shock, 316-318 Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), 768, 948 Electroconvulsive therapy, 260, 948 Electrocution, 318 Electrodermal response, 118 Electroencephalogram (EEG), 118, 948 Electrolyte imbalance, 308 Electrolytes, 948 Electromagnetic fields, 328 Electromyograph, 118 Embolus, 859 Embryo, 126, 217, 841, 948 Emphysema, 318-323, 327, 501, 543, 833, 948 Enamel, 253-254 Encephalitis, 940 Endemic disease, 331, 948 Endocrine system, 26 Endometrial cancer, 170 Endometriosis, 323-325, 491, 512, 526, 539, 948 Endoscopy, 479, 907 Endurance training, 634 Enemas, 66 Energy medicine, 66 Environmental diseases, 128, 194, 325-331, 333 Environmental tobacco smoke, 801 Enzyme therapy, 66 Enzymes, 948 Epidemics, 331-336, 531, 792, 948 Epidemiology, 948 Epidermis, 948 Epididymis, 948 Epstein-Barr virus, 203, 454, 456 Erectile dysfunction, 805 Erection, 804 Eruption cysts, 245 Erythematous, 948 Erythroblastosis fetalis, 59 Erythropoietin, 409 Estrogen, 170, 472, 617, 621, 635, 918, 928, 949 Ethics, 336-341, 410, 458, 514, 547, 549, 642, 793 Etiology, 949 Euthanasia, 341-346, 458, 877, 949 Excessive daytime sleepiness, 826 Executors, 75 Exercise, 346-351, 485, 723; cardiac rehabilitation and, 160; children and, 351-356, 686; diabetes mellitus and, 273; elderly and, 24, 356-364, 371, 633, 650, 920; osteoporosis and, 693; pregnancy and, 746; weight loss and, 678 Eye examinations, 575 Eye surgery, 541 Eyelid surgery, 229 Eyes, 24, 574, 923

F Face lifts, 229, 232-233 Factitious disorders, 364-367 Failure to thrive, 39, 367-368 Fallen arches, 391 Fallopian tubes, 526, 849, 949 Falls; children and, 181, 368-369, 773; elderly and, 148, 370-371, 633, 779 Families Anonymous, 762 Family planning, 121-126 Family size, 122 Family violence, 280 Farm animals, 939 Farsightedness, 24, 542 Fat, 92, 201, 348, 565, 675, 918 Fat deposition, 682; medications and, 605 Fat-soluble medications, 606, 698 Fatigue, 202 FDA. See Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Feet, 391 Fen-Phen, 921 Fertility, 122 Fertility drugs, 527, 642 Fertilization, 512 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 45, 50, 193, 372-373, 746, 949 Fetal distress, 185 Fetal tissue transplantation, 373-376, 576, 710 Fetoscope, 81 Fetus, 81, 547, 949 Fibrillation, 440, 444, 949 Fibroids, uterine, 491 Fight-or-flight response, 855 Fires, 535 First aid, 376-378, 723, 767 Fish, 630 Flatfeet, 391 Flatulence, 949 Flatworms, 706, 933 Flavr Savr tomato, 412 Fleas, 725, 941 Flesh-eating bacteria, 654 Flexibility, 348 Floaters, 909 Flu. See Influenza Fluency, 839 Flukes, 706, 933 Fluoridation of water sources, 249, 254, 327, 378-381 Fluoride, 249, 379, 381 Fluoride treatments in dentistry, 381-382 Fluorosis, 248, 250 Flurazepam, 698 Folic acid, 582 Follicles, 414, 949 Food, 586, 676; genetic engineering of, 411-414; irradiation of, 382-384 Food allergies, 58, 668 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 339, 389, 468 Food Guide Pyramid, 669 Food poisoning, 385-390 Foot disorders, 390-394 Foremilk, 139, 949 Forensic medicine, 545 Foreskin, 209 Forgetfulness, 55, 70, 240 Formaldehyde, 326 Formula, 667 Fractures, 147, 369; child abuse and, 179, 182; hip, 147, 370, 780; stress, 846; tooth, 254 Framingham Heart Study, 91 Fraternal twins, 639 Free radicals, 23, 816, 913 Freud, Sigmund, 489 Frostbite, 395-396, 820 Functional incontinence, 516 Fungicides, 712

G Galactosemia, 405 Gallbladder, 500 Gallbladder removal, 540 Gallstones, 25, 500 Gamblers Anonymous (Gam-Anon), 762 Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), 513, 527 Gametes, 949 Gangrene, 271, 395, 722, 949 Gastrointestinal system, 25, 500 Gastroplasty, 679 Gene, 949 Gene therapy, 396-399, 406, 409 General anesthesia, 949 Genetic counseling, 79, 129, 292, 399-403, 405, 745 Genetic diseases, 79, 127-128, 400, 403-407; learning disabilities and, 554; screening for, 794 Genetic engineering, 396, 408-411, 460; vaccines and, 506 Genetically engineered foods, 411-414 Genetics, 22 Genital herpes, 453, 810, 812 Genital warts, 811-812 Genome, 949 German measles, 188 Giardiasis, 706 GIFT. See Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) Gingival hyperplasia, 255 Gingivitis, 245, 255 Glaucoma, 24, 833, 910 Glucose, 268, 271-272 Glucose intolerance, 362 Glucosuria, 269 Glycogen, 949 Glycolysis, 360 Goiter, 582 Gonorrhea, 810, 812 Gout, 95 Graafian follicle, 949 Granulomas, 851 Gravitational eczema, 822 Gray hair, 24 Grief, 55, 236 Growth, 152 Growth hormone, 635 Growth impairment, 367, 372 Guardians, 75 Gum disease, 245, 254, 833 Gums, 246, 253-255

H Hair, 414, 922 Hair growth, 24, 417 Hair loss, 24, 230, 414-418; chemotherapy and, 155 Hair transplantation, 230, 416 Hairpieces, 416 Hallucinations, 72, 733, 949 Hare lip, 216 Harrington rod technique, 789 Hay fever, 58 Hayflick, Leonard, 21 Hazardous waste, 327, 418-420 HDLs. See High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) Headaches, 117, 421-426, 657, 931 Healing process, 26, 147, 820 Health care reform, 593 Health insurance, 426-432, 462, 791; scams, 315 Health maintenance organizations. See HMOs Hearing aids, 432-435 Hearing loss, 24, 432, 435-438, 657; speech disorders and, 839 Heart, 358, 439, 498 Heart attacks, 25, 91, 119, 160, 439-443, 446-447, 749, 769, 833, 927, 952 Heart block, 444 Heart disease, 90, 160, 442-447, 478; vitamins and, 587; women and, 447-450, 617, 673, 927 Heart failure, 25, 319, 445, 499 Heart rate, 349, 949 Heartbeat, 444 Heat, 721 Heat exhaustion, 450-452 Heat loss, 884 Heat stroke, 450-452, 819 Heel lifts, 393 Heels, 391 Height loss, 23 Heimlich maneuver, 199, 377, 776, 949 Helplessness, 266 Hemorrhoids, 501 Hepatitis, 190, 506, 811, 897 Herbal medicine, 66 Herbal remedies, 607, 699 Herbicides, 711, 915 Hereditary, 949 Heroin, 16 Herpes, 203, 452-458, 810, 812 Herpes simplex, 453, 455 Herpes zoster, 190, 822 High blood pressure. See Hypertension High chairs, 773 High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), 201 Hindmilk, 139, 950 Hip fractures, 147, 370, 780 Hippocratic oath, 345, 458-461 Histamine, 57, 950 Histamine II blockers, 907 HIV, 31, 38, 41, 204, 811; yeast infections and, 935 HMOs, 426, 428, 461-464, 791 Holistic care, 473-474 Holistic medicine, 62, 465-467 Home births, 653 Homeopathy, 66, 467-471 Homeostasis, 950 Hong Kong flu, 531 Hookworm, 705 Hormonal therapy, 174 Hormone replacement therapy, 471-472, 617, 635, 674, 694 Hormones, 26, 471, 855, 950 Hospice, 466, 473-476, 950 Hospitalization; elderly and, 476-481; insurance for, 427 Hot flashes, 616 HRT. See Hormone replacement therapy Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV Huntington’s disease, 375, 400 Hurler’s syndrome, 375 Hydrocephalus, 481-483, 502, 950 Hydrochloric acid, 664, 905 Hydrotherapy, 64, 722 Hyperactivity, 107 Hyperalimentation, 307 Hyperlipidemia, 269 Hyperopia, 542 Hypersomnia, 950 Hypertension, 25, 119, 444, 483-486, 683, 927; exercise and, 362; obesity and, 677 Hyperthermia, 864, 950 Hypnosis, 487-490 Hypodontia, 246, 250 Hypoplasia, 950 Hypothalamus, 450, 676 Hypothermia, 293, 536, 950 Hypothyroidism, 676 Hypoxia, 950 Hysterectomy, 5, 168, 170, 324, 490-495, 616, 849, 851, 927, 950 Hysterotomy, 5

I Iatrogenic disorders, 479, 495-497, 950 Ibuprofen, 606, 771 Identical twins, 640 Idiopathic, 950 IgE antibodies, 104 Illnesses; elderly and, 478, 497-504 Imaging, 595 Immune system, 27, 206, 894, 950 Immunity, 950 Immunizations; children and, 193, 504-507; elderly and, 508-511 Immunoglobulins, 140 Immunosuppressive drugs, 894 Implants; dental, 253 Impotence, 753, 804; smoking and, 833 In utero, 950 In vitro, 950 In vitro fertilization, 511-515, 528, 765 In vivo, 950 Inborn errors of metabolism, 405 Incidence, 950 Incontinence, 515-520 Independent living, 636 Infant mortality, 192 Infants, 922 Infectious diseases, childhood, 187-191, 194, 506 Infertility, 512, 765, 950; men and, 189, 520-525; women and, 492, 525-530 Infibulation, 214 Inflammation, 950 Influenza, 498, 508, 530-535; Reye’s syndrome and, 771 Influenza B, 189, 506 Informed consent, 793 Infrared light, 721 Inhalers, 106 Injuries; elderly and, 535-537, 779 Insecticides, 711 Insects, 940 Insomnia, 25, 698, 826, 828, 950 Institutionalized elders, 313 Insulin, 268, 270, 362, 408 Insurance, 426; automobile, 637; disability, 427; hospitalization, 427 Insurance scams, 315 Intelligence quotient. See IQ Intercourse, 804 Interferon, 175 Intermediate care facility, 659 Intermittent claudication, 499 Intestinal bypass surgery, 687 Intrauterine device (IUD), 125 Intrinsic factor, 664 Iodine, 582 IQ, 625 IQ scores, 114 Iron, 665 Iron-deficiency anemia, 582, 588 Irradiation, 382 Ischemia, 443, 950 Islets of Langerhans, 950

J Jaw, 253 Joints, 93, 572

K Kala-azar, 707 Kaposi’s sarcoma, 30, 817 Karyotype, 951 Karyotyping, 81, 291, 405 Kegel exercises, 517, 746 Keratoacanthoma, 821 Keratoses, 821 Ketonuria, 269 Kevorkian, Jack, 343 Kidney failure, 271, 483 Kidney stones, 502 Kidney transplantation, 895 Kidneys, 501, 606 Killer fog, 830 Killer T cells, 31 Kinesiology, 66 Kinesthetic imprinting, 303 Korsakoff’s psychosis, 44 Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth, 235 Kwashiorkor, 580, 951 Kyphosis, 96

L Labor, 632 Lactation, 138 Lactic acid, 347, 360 Lactose intolerance, 537-538 Lamaze method, 652 Landfills, 419 Language disorders, 839 Language skills, 71 Laparoscopy, 324, 538-541, 849, 951 Large intestine, 501 Laser use in surgery, 541-544 Latent, 951 Law and medicine, 343, 544-550, 591 Law of Similars, 467 Laxatives, 607, 699 LDLS. See Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) Lead poisoning, 195, 327, 550-552, 555, 626, 729, 778 Learned helplessness, 266 Learning disabilities, 195, 301, 552-558 Lecithins, 78 Legionnaires’ disease, 815 Lens, 24, 908 Leukemia, 289 Levinson, Harold N., 304 Levodopa, 710 Libido, 951 Lice, 558-563 Life expectancy, 21 Life span, 21 Life support, 344, 460, 549 Ligaments, 94, 951 Light therapy, 65, 261, 563-564, 799 Lipoproteins, 201 Liposuction, 565-567 Listeria, 386 Lithium, 46, 260 Little Leaguer’s elbow, 846 Liver, 44, 606 Liver spots, 820 Liver transplantation, 896 Living wills, 76, 344, 567-568, 877, 888, 951 Local anesthesia, 951 Longevity, 21 Longevity research, 28 Low birth weight, 738 Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), 90, 201 Lumbar puncture, 614 Lumpectomy, 134, 600 Lung cancer, 334, 501, 568-571, 930; asbestos and, 100; radon and, 758; smoking and, 833 Lung disease, 319, 833-834 Lungs, 102, 319, 357 Lupus, 96, 928 Lyme disease, 334, 560, 571-573, 940 Lymph nodes, 951 Lymphocytes, 30, 894, 951

M Macrophages, 30, 322 Macular degeneration, 574-577, 910; smoking and, 833 Mad cow disease, 577-579 Magnetic field therapy, 67 Malaise, 951 Malaria, 940 Male pattern baldness, 414 Malignancy, 154 Malignant, 951 Malnutrition, 141; children and, 580-586; elderly and, 586-589, 665; women and, 622 Malocclusion, 254 Malpractice, 590-594 Mammograms, 594-599, 601, 951 Managed care, 428-429, 462 Manic-depressive disorder. See Bipolar disorder MAO inhibitors. See Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors Marasmus, 580, 951 Marijuana, 299 Massage, 723 Mastectomy, 134, 599-604, 927, 951; preventive, 402; radical, 135 Measles, German, 188 Measles, red, 187, 332, 506 Medicaid, 430, 661 Medical errors, 495 Medical experts, 545 Medicare, 430, 477, 661; hospice and, 475 Medications, 729, 886; elderly and, 54, 267, 479, 604-609, 697; falls and, 370; poisoning and, 535; smoking and, 834; weight loss, 678 Meditation, 63, 609-610, 937 Meiosis, 951 Melancholia, 782 Melanin, 24, 817 Melanocytes, 816, 819-820 Melanoma, 817 Melatonin, 23, 26, 797, 824 Memory loss, 71, 239, 267, 502, 611-613 Men; health issues and, 414, 752, 755; infertility in, 520-525 Menarche, 620, 951 Ménière’s disease, 437 Meningitis, 189, 613-616 Menopause, 27, 472, 493, 616-620 Menorrhagia, 623 Menstrual cycle, 951 Menstrual extraction, 3 Menstruation, 141, 324, 616, 620-624 Mental impairment, 69, 659 Mental incompetence, 242 Mental retardation, 289, 372, 625-629 Mercury, 630 Mercury poisoning, 327, 629-631 Mercy killing, 341 Meridians, 10 Metabolism, 27, 348, 405, 649, 663, 697, 834, 918, 951 Metastasis, 154, 952 Methyl mercury, 630 Microcephaly, 626 Middle ear, 433 Middle-ear infections, 436 Midwifery, 653 Mifepristone, 638 Migraines, 421, 424, 952 Milk, 413, 587; breast, 139, 667 Milk ducts, 138 Mineral deficiencies, 582, 587 Minerals, 587, 665, 671, 952 Minigrafts, 230 Minoxidil, 416 Miscarriage, 374, 632, 641 Misdiagnosis, 496 Mites, 558-563 Mitosis, 952 Mitral valve prolapse, 447 Mobility problems, 275; elderly and, 157, 632-638, 648, 708, 781, 924 Molars, 952 Moles, 816 Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, 259, 698 Mononucleosis, 203, 454, 456 Mood disorders, 256 Morning-after pill, 638-639, 765 Mosaicism, 287 Mosquitoes, 705, 940 Motor impairments, 275 Motor skill development, 353 Mouth disorders, 253 Multiple births, 639-643, 745 Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome, 195, 643-645 Multiple infarct dementia, 241, 612 Mumps, 188 Münchausen syndrome, 365 Münchausen syndrome by proxy, 645-648, 728 Muscle loss with aging, 23, 357, 361, 633, 648-651 Muscles, 347, 361, 648, 718 Musculoskeletal, 952 Mushrooms, 733 Mutagen, 952 Mutations, 128, 153, 400, 952 Mycobacteria, 899 Mycosis fungoides, 817 Myocardial infarctions. See Heart attacks Myocardium, 952 Myomectomy, 491 Myopia, 542

N Narcolepsy, 826, 828, 952 Narcotics, 474, 698, 701 Narcotics Anonymous, 761-762 National Institutes of Health, 410 Natural childbirth, 651-654 Nearsightedness, 542, 909 Necrosis, 952 Necrotizing fasciitis, 654-655 Neglect, 179, 281, 285, 311-312 Negligence, 590 Nematodes, 705 Neonatal, 952 Neoplasm, 952 Nerve deafness, 433 Nerves, 165, 820 Nervous system, 27, 361, 841, 952 Neural therapy, 67 Neural tube, 841 Neuromas, 391 Neurons, 72, 708 Neuropathy, 952 Neurotransmitters, 259, 952 Neutrophils, 322 Niacin, 582 Nicotine, 15, 801; breast milk and, 142 Night blindness, 24, 581, 910 Night terrors, 827 Night vision, 370 Nightmares, 827 Noise pollution, 656-657 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 97, 701 Norplant, 125 Nose, 923 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Nurses, 474 Nursing caries, 249, 252, 952 Nursing homes, 69, 75, 658-663; elder abuse in, 313; overmedication in, 699 Nutrients, 580, 586, 663, 912 Nutrition, 912; aging and, 586, 649, 663-666; children and, 367, 580, 666-673; pregnancy and, 129, 675, 745; women and, 673-675

O Oat cell carcinoma, 569 Obesity, 85, 309-310, 675-681, 684; aging and, 681-684, 920; children and, 684-689; diabetes mellitus and, 270; weight loss medications and, 921; women and, 673 Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 83, 952 Obturator, 220 Occupational health, 101, 657, 689-692, 723, 748, 802 Offgassing, 814 Omega-3 fatty acids, 92 Oncogenes, 153, 952 Oophorectomy, 490 Opiates, 729 Opioids, 887 Orchiectomy, 753 Orchitis, 189, 952 Organic disease, 952 Orthotic devices, 393 Orton-Gillingham-Stillman method, 303 Osgood-Schlatter disease, 845 Ossicles, 952 Osteoarthritis, 94, 97, 503, 698 Osteopenia, 650 Osteoporosis, 23, 96, 147, 149, 370, 503, 587, 674, 692-697, 953; children and, 582; exercise and, 361; fractures and, 147 Otitis media, 436 Otosclerosis, 433, 436 Ovarian cancer, 167-172 Ovariectomy, 849 Ovaries, 490, 525, 621, 849, 953 Over-the-counter medications, 607 Overbite, 254 Overdoses, 296, 728 Overeaters Anonymous (O-Anon), 762 Overflow incontinence, 516, 518 Overmedication, 604, 697-700 Oviducts, 526, 953 Ovulation, 525, 621, 953 Ovum, 953 Oxygen, 321, 356 Oxygen therapy, 65 Oxytocin, 138, 632, 953 Ozone, 818, 831, 917

P Pacemakers, 440, 446, 769 Pain, 701 Pain management, 12, 488, 700-702, 886 Painkillers, 97, 474, 606, 701; terminal illnesses and, 887 Palate, 216 Pancreas, 272, 500, 895 Pancreas transplantation, 897 Pandemics, 331, 531 Pap smears, 168, 171, 702-703 Paralysis, 860; sleep, 826 Paranoia, 72-73, 783 Parasites, 558, 703-708, 933 Parasympathetic nervous system, 359 Parents Anonymous (PA), 762 Parkinson’s disease, 708-711, 953; fetal tissue transplants and, 374 Partial dentures, 253 Partner abuse, 283 Passive immunity, 953 Pathogen, 953 Patient Self-Determination Act, 888 PCBs, 142, 327, 915 Peak flow meter, 106 Pedestrians, 780 Pellagra, 582 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 526, 810 Pelvic prolapse, 518 PEM. See Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Penicillin, 811 Penile clamp, 518 Penis, 209 Pepsin, 905 Peptic ulcers, 904 Perforated eardrum, 436 Perimenopause, 616 Periodic leg movement during sleep, 823 Periodontal disease, 254 Peripheral vision, 24, 908 Personality changes, 71 Perspiration, 450 Pertussis, 190 Pessary, 518 Pesticides, 327, 413, 643, 711-715, 915 Pets, 938 Pharmacists, 55, 608 Pharmacodynamics, 14 Pharmacokinetics, 14 Pharmacology, 953 Pharynx, 953 Phenol, 801 Phenylketonuria (PKU), 142, 401, 626, 715-717 Photochemical smog, 831 Photodynamic therapy, 543 Photonutrients, 912 Photoreceptors, 908 Photosensitivity, 820 Phototherapy, 65, 261, 563, 799 Physical fitness tests for children, 718-720 Physical rehabilitation, 720-724 Physician-assisted suicide, 877 Phytochemicals, 913 Pica, 113, 953 Pick’s disease, 240 PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Piercing, 880 Pill, birth control, 125, 617 Pink puffers, 319 Pink Ribbon Campaign, 136 Pinworm, 705 PKU. See Phenylketonuria (PKU) Placebo, 953 Placenta, 953 Placenta abruptio, 185, 742 Placenta previa, 185, 742 Plague, 331, 725-727, 941 Plantar fascitis, 391 Plants, poisonous, 387, 731-734, 777 Plaque, 953; arterial, 91, 443, 499, dental, 248, 254 Plastic surgery, 229 Platinum analogues, 175 Playgrounds, 774 Playpens, 773 PMS, 623 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 30, 39 Pneumonia, 478, 498, 509, 532, 725, 953 Pneumonic plague, 725 Point-of-service plans, 428-429, 463 Poison ivy, 732 Poison oak, 732 Poison sumac, 732 Poisoning, 195, 535, 604, 727-731, 777; food, 385-390; lead, 327, 550-552, 555, 626, 729, 778; mercury, 327, 629-631 Poisonous plants, 387, 731-734, 777 Polio, 189, 505 Poliomyelitis, 189 Pollen, 57 Pollution; air, 326, 814, 830; noise, 656-657; water, 327 Polychlorinated biphenyls. See PCBs Polyps, 224, 501 Polyspermy, 512 Port-wine stains, 543 Postmaturity, 186 Postpartum depression, 735-736 PPOs, 427 Prader-Willi syndrome, 404 Prednisone, 698 Preferred provider organizations. See PPOs Preferred providers, 428 Pregnancy, 192, 632, 745; AIDS and, 38, 42; alcohol and, 50, 372; caffeine and, 193; cancer and, 168; drug abuse and, 193; ectopic, 850; exercise and, 746; lead poisoning and, 551; nutrition and, 129, 675, 745; smoking and, 193, 745; teenage, 7, 192, 736-741 Premature birth, 186, 741-744 Premenstrual syndrome. See PMS Prenatal care, 192, 744-747, 953 Presbycusis, 24, 433 Presbyopia, 24, 908 Pressure ulcers, 480, 820 Prevalence, 953 Preventive medicine, 378, 440, 747-751, 769 Primary infection, 953 Prions, 578 Progesterone, 170, 525, 617, 621, 953 Prolactin, 138 Pronation, 391 Prone, 953 Prophylactic treatment, 954 Prostaglandins, 4, 622, 905, 954 Prostate cancer, 501, 751-754 Prostate enlargement, 501, 755-756 Prostate gland, 755 Prostatectomy, 753 Prostatitis, 755 Protease inhibitors, 34 Proteases, 322 Protein, 580, 649, 663, 670, 919 Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), 580, 586 Proteins, 954 Protozoa, 706, 954 Pseudodementia, 267 Psychiatric evaluation, 546 Psychoanalysis, 489 Psychosis, 72, 735, 954 Psychosurgery, 261 Psychotherapy, 260, 954 Ptosis, 954 Public health, 333 Public transportation, 635 Pulmonary edema, 445 Pulmonary function, 320 Pulmonary function tests, 321 Pupil, 909 Purging, 308 Pyelonephritis, 502 Pyorrhea, 254

Q Qi gong, 63 Quickening, 954 Quicksilver, 630 Quinsy, 893 Quintuplets, 642

R Rabies, 939, 954 Radiation, 134, 156, 328, 382, 600, 753, 756-758; birth defects and, 129 Radiation sickness, 756 Radical mastectomy, 135 Radium, 758 Radon, 326, 757-759 Rapid eye movement sleep. See REM sleep Rashes, 187, 571, 733 Reaction time, 361; aging and, 27, 759-760 Reading glasses, 908 Reading problems, 301 Recessive gene, 954 Recombinant DNA, 954 Reconstructive surgery, 136, 229 Recovery programs, 47, 297, 760-764 Red blood cells, 409 Redux, 921 Rehabilitation, 658, 954 Rejection, 894 REM sleep, 825, 954 Renal failure, 895 Repetitive motion injuries, 165, 690 Reproductive system, 755; aging and, 27 Reproductive technologies, 764-766 Resistance, 902 Resistance training, 634, 650 Respiration, 322 Respiratory distress syndrome, 81, 954 Respiratory system, 28, 54, 357, 501 Resuscitation, 293, 766-771 Retin A, 822 Retina, 574, 576, 908, 910 Retinal detachment, 909, 911 Retroviruses, 203, 396, 954 Revascularization, 807 Reye’s syndrome, 455, 532, 771-772 Rh incompatibility, 59, 80 Rheumatoid arthritis, 94, 98 Rhinitis, 58, 954 Rhythm method, 122 Rhytidectomy, 229 Riboflavin, 582 Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 954 Rickets, 582 Right to die, 567 Ritalin, 111 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 560, 941 Root canal, 254 Roundworm, 705, 934, 939 RU-486, 5, 125, 638, 765 Rubella, 188, 625 Rubeola, 187

S Safety issues, 317; children and, 200, 369, 772-779; elderly and, 149, 370, 779-782; sports and, 846 Sagging skin, 819 Saliva, 253 Salmonella, 383, 385, 388, 939 Salt, 485 Sanatorium, 954 Sanger, Margaret, 124 Sarcopenia, 361, 648 Saturated fat, 201, 575, 673 Scabies, 560 Scalds, 149-152, 535, 776 Scalp reduction, 416 Schistosomiasis, 706, 933 Schizophrenia, 782-786, 872 Scoliosis, 786-790 Scrapie, 578 Screening, 80, 401, 596, 702, 747, 790-795 Scurvy, 582 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 261, 563, 796-800, 954 Sebaceous glands, 819, 821 Seborrheic keratoses, 821 Secondhand smoke, 194, 326, 800-803, 814, 954 Sedation, 699, 823 Seizures, 116 Semen, 521, 755 Senile purpura, 819 Sensorineural hearing loss, 432, 436 Sensory changes, 24, 536, 589 Sepsis, 954 Septic meningitis, 614 Septuplets, 642 Serotonin, 678, 824, 868, 872 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 874 Set point theory, 686 Sex Addicts Anonymous, 762 Sex determination, 79 Sextuplets, 642 Sexual dysfunction, 803-808 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 42, 227, 809-813; child abuse and, 180 Shaken infant syndrome, 177 Shingles, 190, 454, 822 Shinsplints, 846 Shivering, 884 Shock, 148, 451 Shock therapy, 260 Shoes, 392 Shortness of breath, 319, 321 Shunts, 482, 955 Sick building syndrome, 326, 643, 814-816 Sickle-cell disease, 401, 406 SIDS. See Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Sigmoidoscopy, 225 Silicone, 145, 232 Silicosis, 327, 899 Sinoatrial node, 955 Skeletal muscle, 347 Skilled nursing facility, 658 Skin, 818 Skin cancer, 23, 816-818, 822 Skin disorders, 816; aging and, 23, 818-823, 884 Skin tags, 821 Sleep, 825 Sleep apnea, 823, 826, 955 Sleep changes with aging, 25, 823-825 Sleep disorders, 73, 825-829 Sleep paralysis, 826 Sleepiness, 826, 828 Sleeping pills, 698, 827 Sleepwalking, 827 Small intestine, 501 Smallpox, 335 Smegma, 209 Smell, 25, 535 Smog, 829-832 Smokers Anonymous, 762 Smoking, 16, 334, 486, 501, 800, 832-835, 890; asthma and, 105, 195, 802; cancer and, 801; effects on children, 194, 802; emphysema and, 322; heart disease and, 443; lung cancer and, 569; macular degeneration and, 575; osteoporosis and, 693; pregnancy and, 193, 745; pulmonary function and, 320; ulcers and, 906; wrinkles and, 23 Snakebites, 835-837 Snoring, 826 Sodium, 485 Solar keratoses, 821 Sore throat, 892 Sound therapy, 65 Spasm, 955 Special education, 627, 840 Speech disorders, 220, 837-841; strokes and, 860 Sperm, 512, 520-521 Sphingomyelins, 78 Spiders, 941 Spina bifida, 130, 193, 841-842, 955 Spinal cord, 841 Spinal tap, 614 Spine, 96 Sporotrichosis, 938 Sports injuries; children and, 355, 843-848 Sports medicine, 120, 350 Sprains, 843, 955 Squamous cell carcinoma, 569, 817 Stained teeth, 254 Staphylococcal infections, 87, 385 Statins, 93 STDs. See Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Stereotypies, 113 Sterilization, 123, 539, 848-852 Steroid abuse, 853-854 Steroids, 155, 894 Stillbirth, 632 Stimulants, 111, 115, 303 Stones, 25, 500, 502, 542 Strain, 955 Strength, 361 Strength training, 363, 633, 650, 920; children and, 353 Streptococcal infections, 654 Stress, 119, 265, 622, 855-858; suicide and, 872 Stress fractures, 846 Stress incontinence, 516 Stress reduction, 610, 857, 937 Stretching, 723 Strokes, 25, 91, 241, 478, 483, 499, 503, 612, 749, 858-862 Stuttering, 839 Subcutaneous, 955 Substance abuse, 955. See also Addiction; Alcoholism; Drug abuse; Steroid abuse; Tobacco use Suction curettage, 3 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 862-866 Suicide, 342, 728, 866-871, 886; assisted, 343, 878; children and teenagers, 871-875; depression and, 261; elderly and, 875-878; postpartum depression and, 735; survivors of, 869 Sulfur oxide, 830 Summer depression, 796 Sun exposure, 23 Sunburns, 817, 879-880 Sundowner’s syndrome, 563 Superfecundation, 639 Supine, 955 Supplements, 607, 912 Surfactant, 642 Surgery, 496; laser use in, 541-544 Surrogate motherhood, 529 Sweat glands, 819 Sweating, 450, 884 Swimming, 686 Swine flu, 531 Sympathetic nervous system, 359 Synovial membrane, 94 Syphilis, 625, 809, 811 Syrup of ipecac, 777, 955 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 96, 928 Systolic pressure, 484

T T lymphocytes, 270, 894 Tachycardia, 444, 955 Tai Chi Chuan, 63 Tanning, 817 Tapeworms, 706, 934 Tar, 801 Tardive dyskinesia, 784 Tartar, 254 Taste, 24, 535 Tattoos, 880-881 Tay-Sachs disease, 401 Teenagers; abortion and, 7-9; alcoholism and, 48-53, 295; condoms and, 228; drug abuse by, 295-300; pregnancy among, 7, 192, 736-741; suicide among, 871-875; tobacco use by, 295, 890- 891 Teeth, 218, 244, 252, 882 Teething, 245, 882-883 Telangiectasias, 820 Temperature, 450, 922 Temperature inversions, 830 Temperature regulation; aging and, 28, 535, 820, 824, 884-885 Tendinitis, 392 Tendons, 94, 392, 955 Tension headaches, 422, 424 Teratogens, 128, 955 Terminal illnesses, 234, 342, 473, 567, 885-890; suicide and, 878 Test-tube babies, 528, 765 Testes, 189, 955 Testosterone, 415, 618, 805, 918; learning disabilities and, 555 Tetanus, 189, 506, 510 Tetracycline, 248 Thermoregulation, 884 Thiamine, 582 Thymus gland, 27 Thyroid disorders, 582 Thyroid hormone, 687 Thyroxine, 855 Ticks, 558-563, 571, 940 Tics, 839 Tincture, 469 Tissue plasminogen activator. See TPA Tobacco use, 255; pregnancy and, 193; teenagers and, 295, 890-891 Tolerance, 14, 955 Tonsillectomy, 891-893 Tonsillitis, 892 Tonsils, 891 Tooth decay, 248, 254, 379, 381, 883 Tooth loss, 23, 253; smoking and, 833 Touch, 25 Toupees, 416 Tourniquet, 955 Toxemia, 738, 742, 955 Toxic chemicals, 195, 327, 712 Toxicology, 955 Toxins, 955; learning disabilities and, 554 Toxoplasmosis, 386, 707, 938, 955 TPA, 770, 861 Traffic accidents, 536, 636, 780 Trance, 487 Transfatty acids, 201 Transient ischemic attack, 858 Transplantation, 893-898; hair, 230, 416; kidney, 895; liver, 896; pancreas, 897 Transportation issues, 635 Tremors, 55, 709 Triage, 955 Trichinosis, 706 Trichomoniasis, 810, 812 Trihalo-methanes (THMs), 197 Trimester, 955 Triplets, 640, 642 Tubal ligation, 849 Tubercles, 899 Tuberculin skin test, 901 Tuberculosis, 87, 194, 793, 899-904, 939, 955; AIDS and, 30 Tuberculous meningitis, 614 Tummy tucks, 565 Tumors, 153, 224, 226, 956 Turtles, 939 Twelve-step programs, 761 Twin, 639 Tylenol, 97, 606 Typhus, 559

U Ulcerative colitis, 501 Ulcers, 500, 543, 856, 904-908 Ultrasonography, 130, 956 Ultraviolet light, 817, 819, 879 Ultraviolet rays, 909 Underbite, 254 Undernutrition, 586 Uranium, 758 Urethritis, 810 Urge incontinence, 516 Uric acid, 96 Urinary disorders, 28, 501, 515, 755 Urinary tract infections, 210, 956 Uterine cancer, 167-172, 618, 702 Uterine fibroids, 491 Uterine prolapse, 492 Utero placental insufficiency, 738 Uterus, 490, 525, 956

V Vaccines, 409, 498, 504-505, 508, 510, 533, 956 Vacuum aspiration, 3 Vacuum tumescence therapy, 807 Vaginitis, 810 Valium, 698 Varicella, 190, 453, 455 Varicoceles, 520, 956 Vas deferens, 850 Vascular, 956 Vascular dementia, 240, 242 Vasectomy, 850 Vegans, 582 Vegetarians, 671 Venereal diseases. See Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Venom, 835 Venous insufficiency, 822 Ventricles, 956 Ventricular fibrillation, 444, 768 Vertebrae, 96, 956 Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), 91, 201 Viability, 547 Viagra, 806 Vinka alkaloids, 174 Violent crime against the elderly, 314, 536 Violin spider, 941 Viral infections, 189 Virulence, 956 Viruses, 396, 956; antibiotics and, 86 Vision problems; aging and, 24, 574, 908-912; strokes and, 860 Visual dyslexia, 301 Vitamin A, 581, 665

Vitamin B6, 665

Vitamin B12, 582, 587, 664 Vitamin C, 582 Vitamin D, 582, 587, 664-665 Vitamin deficiencies, 72, 581, 586 Vitamin supplements, 607, 912-914 Vitamins, 587, 663, 671, 956; fat- soluble medications and, 606 Vitreous humor, 909 Vitrification, 522 VLDLs. See Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) Voice disorders, 838 Voluntary Motherhood movement, 123

W Waist-hip ratio, 682 Walkers, 157-159, 781; infant, 369, 773 Walking, 391, 635 Warfarin, 605 Warts, genital, 811-812 Wasting, 586, 648, 918 Water, 914; asbestos in, 100; chlorination of, 197-198, 327, 917; fluoridation of, 249, 254, 327, 378-381; therapeutic use of, 722 Water on the brain, 481 Water pills, 606 Water pollution, 327 Water quality, 914-917 Water-soluble medications, 606 Water treatment, 197, 378 Wear-and-tear theory of aging, 22 Weight, 676 Weight changes with aging, 23, 649, 682, 917-920 Weight loss, 586, 677 Weight loss medications, 678, 687, 920-922 Well-baby examinations, 922-924 Wheelchair use among the elderly, 781, 924-926 Whipworm, 705 Whooping cough, 190 Widows and widowers, 266; suicide and, 877 Wild animals, 939 Wills, 567 Winter depression, 796 Wisdom teeth, 245 Withdrawal, 15, 956 Women; AIDS and, 41-43; cancer and, 930; cosmetic surgery and, 231- 233; depression and, 931; diabetes mellitus and, 930; headaches and, 931; health issues and, 490, 616, 926-932; heart disease and, 447-450, 617, 673, 927; infertility in, 525-530; lupus and, 928; malnutrition and, 622; nutrition and, 673-675; obesity and, 673 Workplace safety, 691 Worms, 703, 933-935, 939 Wounds, 26, 820 Wrinkles, 23, 819; smoking and, 833 Wrists, 165

X X rays, 156, 595 Xenotransplantation, 956 Xerosis, 819

Y Yeast infections, 930, 935-936 Yoga, 63, 936-937

Z Zinc, 575, 588, 665 Zoonoses, 938-942 Zygote, 956