DOCSLIB.ORG

ECONOMIC ACTION AGAINST APARTHEID: an Overview of the Divestment Campaign and Financial Implications for Institutional Investors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ECONOMIC ACTION AGAINST APARTHEID: an Overview of the Divestment Campaign and Financial Implications for Institutional Investors ECONOMIC ACTION AGAINST APARTHEID: An Overview of the Divestment Campaign and Financial Implications for Institutional Investors by Brooke Baldwin & Theodore Brown (associated with the American Committee on Africa) p1 198 Broadway 9 New York, NY 10038 ECONOMIC ACTION AGAINST APARTHEID An Overview of the Divestment Campaign TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. South Africa - Running Scared, by Brooke Baldwin ... 1 2. The Financial Implications of Divestment from South Africa on Major Institutional Common Stock Portfolios, by Theodore Brown ............... Appendix A. South Africa Free Portfolio ......... 36 Appendix B. South Africa Portfolio 3. Appendix C. Summary of College and University Divestment Actions ..................... 4. Press Reports 5. References This study was made possible by a grant from The New World Foundation Publication of this study was made possible by a grant from the Africa Office of the National Council of Churches INTRODUCTION U.S dollars play a critical role in propping up the apartheid system. By 1984 U.S. corporations had direct investments worth $2.3 billion in South Africa, and U.S. banks had outstanding loans to South Africa worth more than $4.5 billion. Because U.S. involvement provides capital and technology needed by the white majority to maintain its absolute domination over the black majority, millions of Americans are moving to divest their funds from the corporations and banks that continue to collaborate with apartheid. By the end of 1984, state and municipal actions across the U.S. had mandated the withdrawal of over $1.3 billion in public funds from such companies. Five states, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Maryland, and Nebraska, and over twenty cities, including Boston, New York, Newark, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C. and Wilmington, have enacted divestment legislation. Similar legislation is now pending in more than 28 other states, and Congress is debating legislation to restrict U.S. economic and military links with South Africa. The divestment campaign is being felt where it matters - in South Africa. A corporate apologist for South Africa reported recently: "In one respect at least, the divestment forces have already won. They have prevented ... billions of dollars in new U.S. investments in South Africa". SOUTH AFRICA - RUNNING SCARED by Brooke Baldwin On March 3, 1985, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the South African government announced the creation of a special post "to coordinate action against overseas campaigns for divestment from South Africa." This action followed only days after the resignation of the director of the American Chamber of Commerce in South Africa so that he could launch the American Association for Trade and Investment, a group dedicated to providing "an aggressive response" to the divestment campaign. Both of these actions within South Africa followed by less than a year the formation in the United States of two corporate committees devoted to lobbying against pending state and city divestment legislation. One, an unnamed committee of about 25 major U.S. companies, including Ford, General Motors, Mobil and others, has been organized to oppose divestment proposals at the state level. The other, the Corporate Committee for Change in South Africa, was recently formed by about a dozen U.S. corporations to lobby against divestment proposals before cities and other local governments. (The Washington Post, Dec. 2, 1984) The formation of these openly vocal opposition organizations by the South African government and the U.S. business community, establishes for the public record the position which they have occupied behind-the-scenes for years. Rather than a departure from past policy, this represents an opening up and stepping up of a defensive campaign designed to protect and maintain a U.S. corporate presence in South Africa. This report will address the question of what constitutes that corporate presence and why its supporters now perceive the threat of the divestment campaign to be so great as to require an increased and increasingly public defense. This will entail as a major focus an analysis of the extent and aims of the divestment movement as it is occurring on Capitol Hill and in the nation's churches, unions, universities, cities and states. U.S. financial involvement in South Africa currently stands at about $14 billion, including bank loans, shareholding and $2.3 billion in direct investment by some 300 U.S based multi-national corporations with on-ground subsidiaries. While the South African foreign ministry claims that this investment is "not of determinant political importance in a country which draws the lion's share of its investment capital from domestic and other foreign sources" (New York Times, Oct 28, 1984), the government's own actions and admissions are among the evidence which contradicts this claim. As early as 1982, Dr. Van der Merwe, head of the Reserve Bank's balance of payments section, admitted that increasing political pressure on foreign companies to limit their investments in South Africa had contributed to a shift in investment patterns away from direct investments toward loans: "Under these pressures, many institutions have begun to give preference to short and medium-term investments instead of those of a more permanent nature." (Rand Daily Mail, Johannesburg, Dec. 6, 1984). In March, 1984, the Finance Minister repeated this admission that loans had become of relatively greater importance in foreign investment than equity investment (Financial Mail, Johannesburg, Aug. 17, 1984). This finding was substantiated by U.S. Commerce Department reports that U.S. private investment in South Africa was down more than 10% from $2.6 billion to $2.3 billion from 1981 to 1983 (Washington Post, Dec. 2, 1984). Steve Bisenius, President of the American Association for Trade and Investment, has warned of the vulnerability of dependence on short-term loans, especially in the face of pending U.S. federal legislation prohibiting private bank loans to South Africa. He pointed out in an interview with the Financial Mail (Feb. 1, 1985) that if the 1985 bill sponsored by Senators Kennedy, Weiker, Proxmire and Sarbanes was passed, it would mean that the period of existing loans could not be extended, so that South Africa would face paying debts so staggering that it would result in default, ruin South Africa's international credit rating and "drop the rand through the basement". The Rand Daily Mail (Jan. 4, 1985) has reported that gross domestic fixed investment has been in decline since the end of 1981. This has partly been due to the business cycle, but also because the fear of disinvestment has diminished business confidence. In addition, John Chettle of the South Africa Foundation, a "foreign agent" registered with the U.S. Justice Department, who only two years ago was predicting the impossibilitiy of successful divestment legislation, told the South African press that this withdrawal of existent direct investment was only the tip of the iceberg. The real damage to the economy, he said, had come from the loss of incalculable new investment: In one respect at least, the divestment forces have already won. They have prevented - discouraged, dissuaded, whatever you call it billions of dollars of new U.S investments in South Africa. They have discouraged new companies, new investors who were looking for foreign opportunities from coming to South Africa. (Financial Mail, Feb. 1, 1985) Chettle's concession is borne out by financial analysts. The Financial Mail, to whom Chettle spoke in February of 1985, commented that trade has stagnated in South Africa since 1980, with fully twenty to thirty U.S. companies abandoning the South African market and only eleven new firms moving in. A month later, the Wall Street Journal, in an article about the influence of the divestment movement on investment, repeated the finding that there are "few exceptions to no new investments" and added the ironic note that one of those few exceptions has been an insurance brokerage firm which specializes in protecting corporations against "fires, revolutions and other calamities." (Wall Street Journal, March 11, 1985). Business Environment Risk Information (BERI SA), which specializes in risk analysis for international corporations, has confirmed the wisdom of both the general trend away from investments in South Africa and the decision of the corporate insurance "troubleshooter" to move in, by recommending against long commitments in a country which it sees as approaching high operational risk and prohibitive political risk. It would seem that the Foreign Ministry's claim that U.S. investment is of no "determinant political importance" lacks credibility in light of these facts. Far more credible is the Financial Mail's (Aug. 17, 1984) conclusion: The build-up of foreign political pressures, and the willingness of some foreign interests to liquidate long-standing South African investments, suggests that the disinvestment campaign could have a cutting edge that should not be lightly regarded [by a country where] imported capital will continue to be vital to economic growth in the foreseeable future. The South African government's own actions also belie its pretense of non concern with the importance of continued U.S. investment. Examples are plentiful. As the divestment movement has gained momentum, government lobbying has escalated in response, with almost 25 percent of its total $7 million lobbying expenditures for the the ten year period from 1974 to 1983 being spent in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: a Study of Urban Community Gardens Nishesh Chalise Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2015 Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens Nishesh Chalise Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Recommended Citation Chalise, Nishesh, "Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens" (2015). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 641. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/641 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Brown School of Social Work Dissertation Examination Committee: Gautam Yadama, Chair Aaron Hipp Peter Hovmand Shanta Pandey Jason Purnell Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens by Nishesh Chalise A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 St. Louis, Missouri © 2015, Nishesh Chalise Table of Contents List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Operating in Insecure Environments
    Operating in Insecure Environments Jane Nelson Senior Fellow and Director, Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University August 2006 ⎪ Working Paper No. 25 A Working Paper of the: Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative A Cooperative Project among: The Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government The Center for Public Leadership The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Citation This paper may be cited as: Nelson, Jane. 2006. “Operating in Insecure Environments.” Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No. 25. Cambridge, MA: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Comments may be directed to the author. This paper was prepared for the Brookings-Blum Roundtable, “Breaking the Poverty- Insecurity Nexus,” held in Aspen, Colorado, on August 2-4, 2006. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative The Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government is a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder program that seeks to study and enhance the public contributions of private enterprise. It explores the intersection of corporate responsibility, corporate governance and strategy, public policy, and the media. It bridges theory and practice, builds leadership skills, and supports constructive dialogue and collaboration among different sectors. It was founded in 2004 with the support of Walter H. Shorenstein, Chevron Corporation, The Coca-Cola Company,
    [Show full text]
  • Sullivan-Type Principles for U.S. Multinationals in Emerging
    "SULLIVAN-TYPE" PRINCIPLES FOR U.S. MULTINATIONALS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES RICHARD T. DE GEORGE* 1. INTRODUCTION The high rate of crime in Russia and the prominence of the Russian Mafia are well known and publicized in the West. President Yeltsin has called crime, which is choking the emerging market economy, Russia's biggest problem.' An article in U.S. News & World Report describes Russia as "a vast bazaar in which the easiest way to get rich is to steal."2 The government has shown itself ineffective in combating crime and in establishing a rule of law. Consequently, many ordinary Russians, who are experiencing a decline in their standard of living,3 are more ambivalent about the march towards capitalism than they were in 1991. Many Western businesses are understandably reluctant to enter an area in which corruption is rampant and the future uncertain. However, the reasons behind the present conditions are too often inadequately understood. As a result, the remedy and the appropriate role of Western companies in the developing market of countries of the former Soviet Union are not clearly * Richard T. De George is University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, of Russian and East European Studies, and of Business Administration, and Director of the International Center for Ethics in Business at the University of Kansas. His books include The New Marxism; Soviet Ethics and Morality; Business Ethics; and Competing with Integrity in International Business. 1 He has frequently called fighting crime his top priority. See Jack F. Matlock, Russia: The Power of the Mob, NY REVIEW OF BOOKS, July 13, 1995, at 12, 13; see also Julie Corwin et al., The Looting of Russia, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Campaigners' Guide to Financial Markets
    The Campaigners’ Guide to Financial Markets THETHE CAMPCAMPAIGNERS’AIGNERS’ GUIDEGUIDE TTOO FINFINANCIALANCIAL MARKETSMARKETS Effff ective Lobbying of Companies and Financial Institutions Nicholas Hildyard Mark Mansley 1 The Campaigners’ Guide to Financial Markets 2 The Campaigners’ Guide to Financial Markets Contents Preface – 7 Acknowledgements – 9 1. FINANCIAL MARKETS - A NEW POLITICAL SPACE – 11 A world transformed – 12 The impacts of globalisation – 14 The growing power of the private sector – 16 The shifting space for change – 17 Lobbying the markets – 18 The power of the market – Markets as “neutral ground” – NGO strengths: market weaknesses – Increasing consumer awareness – Globalisation and increased corporate vulnerability – The rise of ethical shareholding – Changing institutional cultures – New regulatory measures – A willingness to change? The limits of market activism – 33 Is a financial campaign appropriate? – 33 Boxes The increasing economic power of the private sector – 13 What are financial markets? – 14 Changing the framework: From Seattle to Prague – 18 Project finance – 20 Consumer and shareholder activism – 23 A bank besieged: Consumer power against bigotry – 25 Huntingdon Life Sciences: Naming and shaming – 27 First do no harm – 30 The impact of shareholder activism – the US experience (by Michelle Chan-Fishel) – 33 Put your own house in order – 34 Internal review – 33 2. UNDERSTANDING THE MARKETS – PSYCHOLOGY,,, ARGUMENTS AND OPENINGS – 37 Using the mentality of the market to your advantage – 38 Exposing the risks – 39 Key pressure points and how to use them – 41 Management quality – Business strategy – Financial risk: company analysis / project analysis – Non–financial risks – Political risks – Legal risks – Environmental risks – Reputational risks Matching the pressure points to the financial player – 54 Boxes Reading the balance sheet – 40 ABB – Moving out of dams – 43 Three Gorges: Bond issues challenged – 47 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Protection in the Information Age
    ARTICLES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE INFORMATION AGE DANIEL C. ESTy* Information gaps and uncertaintieslie at the heart of many persistentpollution and natural resource management problems. This article develops a taxonomy of these gaps and argues that the emerging technologies of the Information Age will create new gap-filling options and thus expand the range of environmental protection strategies. Remote sensing technologies, modern telecommunications systems, the Internet, and computers all promise to make it much easier to identify harms, track pollution flows and resource consumption, and measure the resulting impacts. These developments will make possible a new structure of institutionalresponses to environmental problems including a more robust market in environmental prop- erty rights, expanded use of economic incentives and market-based regulatorystrat- egies, improved command-and-control regulation, and redefined social norms of environmental stewardship. Likewise, the degree to which policies are designed to promote information generation will determine whether and how quickly new insti- tutional approaches emerge. While some potential downsides to Information Age environmental protection remain, the promise of a more refined, individually tai- lored, and precise approach to pollution control and natural resourcemanagement looks to be significant. INTRODUCTION ................................................. 117 I. DEFINING THE ROLE OF INFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL REALM ............................... 121 A. Information
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring Prosperity the State Role in Revitalizing America’S Older Industrial Cities
    The State Role in Revitalizing America’s Older Industrial Cities The Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program Restoring Prosperity The State Role in Revitalizing America’s Older Industrial Cities T HE B ROOKINGS I NSTITUTION M ETROPOLITAN P OLICY P ROGRAM © 2007 Acknowledgements The Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program is grateful Johnson (William Penn Foundation); John Weiler (F.B. Heron to the many people who have supported this project with their Foundation); and Hal Wolman (GWIPP). Jeremy Nowak (The expertise, insight, and resources. Reinvestment Fund), Diane Bell-McKoy (Associated Black First and foremost, we would like to thank the Surdna Charities), and Sharmain Matlock-Turner (Greater Philadelphia Foundation for their generous support of this effort. We particu- Urban Affairs Coalition) also provided very helpful advice early on larly want to acknowledge the tireless contributions of Kim in the development of the project and report. Burnett, whose knowledge and enthusiasm have helped this proj- We also want to thank Professor Anne Power and her team at ect grow from a single report to a major organizing and research the London School of Economics (LSE) for stimulating our think- effort. We also want to express our gratitude to the F.B. Heron ing about the revival of industrial cities. This project has benefited Foundation and the William Penn Foundation for providing addi- tremendously from the trans-Atlantic exchange of innovations tional funding for this report, as well as the Fannie Mae and ideas our partnership has fostered. We also thank the HM Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the George Gund Foundation, Treasury and the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for support- the Heinz Endowments, the John D.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Methods Review: Retooling Impact Assessment for the New Century
    Environmental Methods Review: Retooling Impact Assessment for the New Century Alan L. Porter and John J. Fittipaldi, Editors For information about this publication, contact Army Environmental Policy Institute, International Association for Impact Georgia Institute of Technology, Assessment, PO Box 5256, 430 Tenth Street NW, Suite S-206, Fargo, ND, 58105-5256 USA Atlanta, Georgia 30318-5768 Published: Fargo, North Dakota, USA: The Press Club, March 1998 This report reflects the views of its authors, who are solely responsible for its content. The findings of this report are not to be construed necessarily as the opinions or views of any organization cited, quoted, or mentioned in this document. The findings are not to be construed as an official position of the Department of the Army or the International Association for Impact Assessment, unless designated by other authorized documents. Reproduction and dissemination of the contents of this document for educational purposes are encouraged by AEPI and IAIA, with proper attribution of the material to the contributing authors, AEPI and IAIA. Environmental Methods Review: Retooling Impact Assessment for the New Century Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Alan L. Porter and John J. Fittipaldi PERSPECTIVES ON THE FIELD 1 Implementing Policy Through Procedure: Impact Assessment and the National Environmental Policy Act [Lynton K. Caldwell] 2 The Army’s Interest in Impact Assessment Methods Review: Relevance and Efficiency [Ron D. Webster and John J. Fittipaldi] OVERVIEWS 3 Ex-post Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environmental Assessment [Barry Sadler] 4 Improving the Quality of EISs [Ralf C. Buckley] 5 Progress of Environmental Impact Assessment and Its Methods in China [Wei Li, Huadong Wang, and Liu Dongxia] 6 Methods for Effective EIA Practice [Lawrence W.
    [Show full text]
  • TIC Outlook 2018 Trends and Prospects in the Testing, Inspection and Certification Sector Contents
    TIC outlook 2018 Trends and prospects in the Testing, Inspection and Certification sector Contents 3 Executive summary 4 2017: TIC industry resilience 6 2018 outlook: trends to watch 7 Digital TIC 8 M&A: a divided field 10 Key takeaways 11 About the authors 2 of 11 Executive summary Building on strong foundations, the Testing, Inspection and Certification sector is poised to capitalise on a host of potential growth opportunities in 2018. The TIC industry enjoys some key advantages. Operators TIC sector trading profile: CAGR% Supporting success generally deliver higher margins and require relatively 14% lower capital expenditure than other business services In this report we reflect on the events of the past year in 12% sectors. And financial performance is typically the sector and highlight the key factors we see shaping its underpinned by excellent revenue visibility, due to 10% development in 2018. We consider the opportunities and threats posed by digital advances, and we look in detail at longer-term contracts and framework agreements – 8% M&A prospects for the next year. supplemented by regulation. 6% These sound fundamentals ensured the TIC sector 4% The firms best placed for success will be those with scalable operating models, unique market positioning remained strong in 2017. In fact, despite much political 2% uncertainty, the entire TIC industry has remained resilient and a digitally enabled growth agenda – allowing them 0% to deliver fast-paced, integrated solutions for their clients. through the economic cycle. 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total Revenue EBITDA Gross Profit EBITA It is true that the previous three years had seen a slowing We have continued to support TIC investment throughout 2017, and we remain excited about opportunities to support of CAGRs across the industry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Construction of Scale Sallie A
    Progress in Human Geography 24,2 (2000) pp. 219–242 The social construction of scale Sallie A. Marston Department of Geography and Regional Development, Harvill Building Box No. 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Abstract: Over the last ten years, scholars in human geography have been paying increasing theoretical and empirical attention to understanding the ways in which the production of scale is implicated in the production of space. Overwhelmingly, this work reflects a social construc- tionist approach, which situates capitalist production (and the role of the state, capital, labor and nonstate political actors) as of central concern. What is missing from this discussion about the social construction of scale is serious attention to the relevance of social reproduction and consumption. In this article I review the important literature on scale construction and argue for enlarging our scope for understanding scale to include the complex processes of social repro- duction and consumption. I base my critique on a short case study which illustrates that attention to other processes besides production and other systems of domination besides capitalism can enhance our theorizing and improve our attempts to effect real social change. Key words: consumption, difference, gender, home, scale, social reproduction, space. I Introduction Since the early 1990s, human geographers with social theory interests have paid increasing attention to understanding the ways in which the production of scale is implicated in the production of space. There now exists in a number of scholarly outlets a variety of studies meant to advocate that scale is socially constructed. While I review and assess these studies in a subsequent section, there is a significant commonality among these studies that is particularly relevant to the critique I wish to advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Disinvestment from Fossil Fuels Reduce the Financial Performance of Responsible Sovereign Wealth Funds?
    Does disinvestment from fossil fuels reduce the financial performance of responsible Sovereign Wealth Funds? Abstract This paper examines the implications of negative screening on the financial performance of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF). The main responsible SWFs are requested to divest from fossil fuel firms by their government and citizens. Yet, such a strategy may reduce the financial performance of these funds. This study proposes to determine to what extent excluding fossil fuel firms from SWF portfolios in order to comply with their ethical standards reduces their financial performance. By the mean of asset pricing models, namely the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Carhart four-factor model, we find that exclusions without considering fossil fuel firms do not harm the financial performance of SWFs. Besides, we document similar results regarding the performance of SWFs fossil fuel portfolios, suggesting that fossil fuel divestment will not impact SWFs performance. We also test for differences between fossil fuel firms by distinguishing two categories: “extraction and production” and “refiners and integrated firms” to account for the decision of some SWFs to divest from the first category only. Our findings indicate that ”extraction and production” companies generate to some extent lower returns. This implies that the decision of some SWFs to divest only from “extraction and production” firms could be based on financial considerations, in addition to ethical considerations. We also observe that exclusion and fossil fuel portfolios have a higher risk level, implying SWFs could decrease their overall risk-exposure when divesting from these portfolios. We conclude that SRI, by the mean of negative screening, does not reduce SWF performance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Health Impact Assessments in the U.S.: Current State-Of-Science, Best Practices, and Areas for Improvement
    EPA/600/R-13/354 December 2013 www.epa.gov/ord A Review of Health Impact Assessments in the U.S.: Current State-of-Science, Best Practices, and Areas for Improvement Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory EPA/600/R-13/354 December 2013 www.epa.gov/ord A Review of Health Impact Assessments in the U.S.: Current State-of-Science, Best Practices, and Areas for Improvement Justicia Rhodus1, Florence Fulk2, Bradley Autrey2, Shannon O’Shea3, Annette Roth2 1 CSS-Dynamac c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH 45268 3 Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Notice The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-11-073 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to the Agency’s external and administrative reviews and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Author Contributions and Acknowledgements J. Rhodus (HIA Review Lead) – developed and managed the HIA Review process (including review framework and database), reviewed HIAs, implemented the QA Review and corrective actions, compiled and managed the final review database, performed final quality check on review database, synthesized the results of the HIA Review, and authored this synthesis report. F. Fulk (Principal Investigator) – managed implementation of the HIA Review in the context of other related Agency research, provided input during conceptualization of the HIA Review process, reviewed HIAs, and reviewed this synthesis report.
    [Show full text]
  • International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), 2015
    International Association for Impact Assessment Principal author: Frank Vanclay, University of Groningen Contributing authors: Ana Maria Esteves, Community Insights Group Ilse Aucamp, Equispectives Research & Consulting Services Daniel M. Franks, University of Queensland April 2015 w Purpose and intended readership The purpose of this Guidance Note is to The intended users of this document include: provide advice to various stakeholders about what is expected in good practice social • SIA Practitioners/Consultants who want impact assessment (SIA) and social impact to know how their practice compares management processes, especially in relation with international best practice; to project development. Project development refers to dams, mines, oil and gas drilling, • Project Developers/Proponents (private factories, ports, airports, pipelines, electricity sector or government) to assist them in transmission corridors, roads, railway lines evaluating SIA consultants and in knowing and other infrastructure including large-scale what to expect from consultants; agriculture, forestry and aquaculture projects. This Guidance Note builds on IAIA’s (2003) • Regulatory agencies in terms of judging International Principles for Social Impact the quality and acceptability of SIA reports Assessment. While the International Principles and in determining what procedures and outline the overarching understandings of the expectations will be; SIA field, including the expected values of the profession, this document seeks to provide • Social specialists
    [Show full text]