Materialism As Seen Through Fainall in William Congreve’S the Way of the World: a Satire on Social Condition in the Restoration Era
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MATERIALISM AS SEEN THROUGH FAINALL IN WILLIAM CONGREVE’S THE WAY OF THE WORLD: A SATIRE ON SOCIAL CONDITION IN THE RESTORATION ERA AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Yenny Paruang Student Number: 064214093 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 MATERIALISM AS SEEN THROUGH FAINALL IN WILLIAM CONGREVE’S THE WAY OF THE WORLD: A SATIRE ON SOCIAL CONDITION IN RESTORATION ERA AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Yenny Paruang Student Number: 064214093 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 i ii iii The thing always happens that you really believe in; and the belief in a thing makes it happen. -Frank Loyd Wright- It is not enough to do your best; you must know what to do, and THEN do your best. -W. Edwards Deming- iv Dedicated to My beloved parents, and family & My lovely friends… v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, my first gratitude goes to my Almighty God, Jesus Christ, who has given me a wonderful life, especially the four years I have spent in college. Thank you for Your guiding and protection so that I can finish this undergraduate thesis. Thank you for being my Savior and Your priceless love. I believe all of the things which happen in my life are because of Your blessing. My deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents, ‘mama’ and ‘bapak’ who support me with their love, patience and prayer. I thank God because they are my parents. Without them I will never be who presently I am. Next, I would like to thank my lovely sisters Kak Upik, Kak Idha and my young brother, Alprian. Thank you for your love, support, and advice which make me grow up. To my dear lovely niece and nephew, Michelle and Kevin, thank you for the happiness and cheerfulness that you bring into my life. I would like to thank my advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum for helping me in writing this thesis. I really thank him for his patient guidance, time, suggestions and idea in improving my thesis. I would also like to thank my co advisor, Tatang Iskarna S.S., M.Hum for his time to check my thesis. My appreciation also goes to all lecturers in English Letters Department, thank you for the wonderful experience, upbringing, knowledge and guidance. I could never forget all the kindness of your heart. vi My gratefulness also goes to Sita. Thank you for being my teacher and for the sharing of life, it makes me grow up. To all of my lovely friends Rere, Ira, Puput, Danas, Dewi, and Vero who accompany me in passing my life in Jogja. Thank you for the wonderful friendship that all of you has given to me. I will never forget all experiences and madness that we did. I know we have faced many things, happiness, tears, and pain. It is my pleasure to have you guys as my friends. To all of my wonderful friends in English Letters USD’ 06 especially class D, Bibi, ‘genk gong’ (Rina, Suster Kharita, Fika, Inkan, and Elsa), Dea, Nungky, and the boys, Wahyu, Hasan, Kiky, Ryon, Totok, Tzin, etc. Thank you for the unforgettable moment that we have spent together. I also would like to thank my second family in Jogja, PMK EFATA, Natalia, Esther, Mb Wahyu, Mb Asih, Mb Silvi, Yonas, Mas Bayu, etc. Thank you for teaching me what God’s purpose in my life is. I am terribly sorry for not mentioning the names of my friends one by one, but it is my honor to know all of you. GBU…!!! Yenny Paruang vii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………………….. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE …………………………………………………… iii MOTO PAGE ……………………………………………………………… iv DEDICATION PAGE …………………………………………………….. v ACKNOLEDGEMENTS PAGE …………………………………………. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………. viii LEMBAR PERYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILIMAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ……………………… x ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. xi ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………… 1 A. Background of the Study ………………………………………... 1 B. Problem Formulation ……………………………………………... 4 C. Objectives of Study ………………………………………………. 4 D. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………. 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ……………………………….. 8 A. Review of Related Studies ………………………………………... 8 B. Review of Related Theories ………………………………………. 12 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ………………….… 12 2. Theory of Satire …………………………………………..…… 14 3. The Relationship between Literature and Society ….…...…….. 16 C. Review of Restoration Era in England …………………...……….. 17 D. Theoretical Framework …………………..………………..……… 22 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ……………………………..…………. 24 A. Object of the Study …………………………………...…………… 24 B. Approach of the Study ………………………………...…………... 25 C. Method of the Study …………………………………...………….. 25 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ……………………………………..………….. 28 A. The Characterization of Fainall ………………………….………... 28 B. Materialism Depicted through Character of Fainall ………………. 36 1. Fainall’s Perspective on Marriage …………………………….. 36 viii 2. Fainall’s Greed toward Money and Estate ……………………. 38 3. Fainall’s Life Style ………………………………………….... 42 C. Satires on Society in Restoration Era As Seen through Character of Fainall ………………………………………………. 43 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………………………….……. 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………… 58 APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………….. 61 ix x ABSTRACT YENNY PARUANG. Materialism As Seen through Fainall in William Congreve’s The Way of the World: A Satire on Social Condition in Restoration Era. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2010. The Way of the World is a play which is written by William Congreve to satirize the social condition in Restoration Era which is the time when the author lived. The play is about the life and relationship of the people who are from middle and high social status. This thesis focuses on one character in the play which shows the characteristic of most of people in Restoration Era, the character is Fainall. Fainall is used by the author as the satire toward the materialistic society at that time. This undergraduate thesis analyzes three main problems. The first is to analyze the characterization of Fainall as the main character of the play. The second is to analyze the materialistic side of Fainall which reveal the materialistic society in Restoration Era. The third is to find out the satires on materialistic society in Restoration Era based on the analysis in previous discussion. The study of the play was conducted through library research using related books and internet resources. The writer did some steps in the process of the analysis. First, the writer used the theory of character and characterization to describe Fainall’s characteristic. Second, the writer used some definitions of materialism to analyze Fainall’s materialistic side. Third, the writer used the theory of satire and socialcultural-historical approach since the main point of the thesis to find out the satire that the author used to satirize the materialistic society in Restoration Era through Fainall’s character.. In the play, Fainall is described as a nobleman, a disloyal and offensive husband, also a lavish, foolish and impolite person. He is never described as a good person. Another of his characteristics is a materialistic person. His materialistic side is present on some evidences. First, he marries his wife only for money purpose, it is the satire toward the marriage institution at that time which is used as economic contract. Second, he is not satisfied with his wife’s fortune, he also wants to control Millamant’s fortune, his wife’ cousin and his mother in law‘s estate. It shows the greediness of the society at that time toward money. Third, he likes to spend his wife’s money to have fun, it satirize the life style of aristocratic class which only considers about their reputation in society. Congreve uses Fainall’s materialistic side as the satire toward the materialistic society in Restoration Era. This play is considered as a satire since it aims to correct the society. From the conducted analysis, it is proven that William Congreve’s The Way of the World is a satire to the materialistic society in Restoration Era. xi ABSTRAK YENNY PARUANG. Materialism As Seen through Fainall in William Congreve’s The Way of the World: A Satire on Social Condition in Restoration Era. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharama, 2010. The Way of The World adalah sebuah drama yang dikarang oleh William Congreve untuk menyatir kondisi sosial pada Era Restorasi yang merupakan era dimana dia hidup. Drama ini mengisahkan kehidupan dan hubungan baik masyarakat golongan menengah dan atas. Skripsi ini fokus pada satu tokoh didalam drama ini yang menunjukan sifat kebanyakan orang pada Era Restorasi, tokoh tersebut adalah Fainall. Fainall digunakan oleh pengarang sebagai sindiran terhadap masyarakat matrelialistis pada saat itu. Skripsi ini menganalisa tiga pokok masalah. Pertama untuk menganalisa penokohan Fainall sebagai tokoh utama di dalam drama. Kedua untuk menganalisa sifat matrealistis dari Fainall untuk mengukap sifat matrealistis masyarakat di Era Restorasi berdasarkan analisis di pembahasan sebelumnya. Analisa naskah drama dilakukan dengan studi pustaka menggunakan buku, serta sumber-sumber dari internet. Penulis membuat beberapa langkah dalam proses analisa, pertama,