Nialamide; SOCIETIES and LECTURES CORRECTION
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Studies on Mammalian Histidine Decarboxylase by N
Brit. J. Pharmacol. (1956), 11, 119. STUDIES ON MAMMALIAN HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE BY N. G. WATON* From the Department ofPharmacology, University ofEdinburgh (RECEIVED SEPTEMBER 12, 1955) Histamine is present in most mammalian tissues, occurrence of an enzyme capable of decarboxylating but its mode of formation is still not clear. Accord- histidine in all mammals, as the experiments were ing to Blaschko (1945) there are two main theories: confined to a limited range of mammalian species. (1) Histamine is a vitamin, formed outside the The properties and the distribution in laboratory body by bacterial decarboxylation of dietary animals of mammalian histidine decarboxylase, histidine in the alimentary tract. (2) Histamine is a together with the distribution of histaminase and metabolite, formed from circulating histidine by histamine, have been reinvestigated in the hope of the histidine decarboxylase present in some tissues clarifying our knowledge of the role of histamine in of the body. the organism. That bacteria form histamine by decarboxylation METHODS of histidine is well known (Ackermann, 1910, 1911; Formation of Histamine from Histidine by Mammalian Berthelot and Bertrand, 1912; Mellanby and Twort, Tissues 1912; Kendall and Gebauer, 1930; Matsuda, 1933; Rabbit kidneys, which are a rich source of histidine Gale, 1940; Epps, 1945). Gale (1953) showed that decarboxylase, were placed in 0.9% w/v NaCl, freed the bacterial enzyme had several important differen- from all extraneous tissue, cut small and minced in a ces from the other amino acid decarboxylases which Latapie mincing machine. Where a tissue extract was had been studied. required, the minced kidney was ground for 10 min. -
Summary of Product Characteristics
Package leaflet: Information for the patient Fluoxetine 20mg Capsules, hard fluoxetine Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you. • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. • If you have further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. • This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. •If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. What is in this leaflet 1. What Fluoxetine is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you take Fluoxetine 3. How to take Fluoxetine 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Fluoxetine 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. What Fluoxetine is and what it is used for The name of your medicine is Fluoxetine 20mg Capsules, hard. It contains the active substance fluoxetine. Fluoxetine belongs to a group of medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. Fluoxetine can be given to treat the following conditions: Adults: • Major depressive episodes • The symptoms of a condition called obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). • The eating disorder bulimia nervosa. This medicine is used alongside psychotherapy for the reduction of binge-eating and purging. Children and adolescents aged 8 years and above: • Moderate to severe major depressive disorder, if the depression does not respond to psychological therapy after 4-6 sessions. Fluoxetine should be offered to a child or young person with moderate to severe major depressive disorder only in combination with psychological therapy. -
Download Product Insert (PDF)
PRODUCT INFORMATION Isocarboxazid Item No. 23625 CAS Registry No.: 59-63-2 Formal Name: 5-methyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid, 2-(phenylmethyl)hydrazide Synonyms: NSC 169893, Ro 5-0831 H N N H MF: C12H13N3O2 FW: 231.3 N O Purity: ≥98% O Supplied as: A solid Storage: -20°C Stability: ≥2 years Information represents the product specifications. Batch specific analytical results are provided on each certificate of analysis. Laboratory Procedures Isocarboxazid is supplied as a solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the isocarboxazid in the solvent of choice. Isocarboxazid is slightly soluble in acetonitrile and chloroform. Description 1 Isocarboxazid is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO; IC50 = 4.8 μM for rat brain MAO). It induces a 4-fold increase in tryptamine action in isolated rat fundal strips at a concentration of 50 nM. In vivo, isocarboxazid potentiates tryptamine toxicity (LD50 = 8 mg/kg following subcutaneous administration of 250 mg/kg tryptamine). It inhibits 90% of MAO activity in isolated rat hearts and reduces cardiomegaly induced by isoproterenol (Item No. 15592) in rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg.2 Oral administration of isocarboxazid (10 mg/kg) increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine and reduces levels of the monoamine metabolites DOPAC, homovanillic acid (HVA; Item No. 20877), and 5-hydroxy indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA; Item No. 22889) by 43, 32, and 28%, respectively, in mouse brain.3 Formulations containing isocarboxazid have been used for the treatment of minor depression.4 References 1. Maxwell, D.R., Gray, W.R., and Taylor, E.M. Relative activity of some inhibitors of mono-amine oxidase in potentiating the action of tryptamine in vitro and in vivo. -
Studies on the Metabolism and Toxicity of Hydrazine in The~Rat~
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM AND TOXICITY OF HYDRAZINE IN THE~RAT~ Andrew Michael Jenner, B.Sc. Submitted to the University of London for the examination of the degree for Doctor of Philosophy, 1992 Toxicology Department The School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square London ProQuest Number: U068521 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest U068521 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Dr. John Timbrell for his invaluable advice, guidance and support. Many people have assisted the progress of my studies in a wide variety of ways, including everyone who has worked alongside me in the Toxicology Unit, both past and present. Particular thanks go to Simon (ET) for his critical eye and mutual, down to earth Yorkshire mentality and also to Cathy for her heartening encouragement. I would also like to thank Dr. Alan Boobis for his assistance in obtaining human liver samples and to the USAF for funding this project. Finally I would like to recognise Jacqui for her designs, Maria for her typing, Justina for her continuous care and support and to my mum and dad for their understanding and my much appreciated conveyance through life. -
Ayahuasca: Spiritual Pharmacology & Drug Interactions
Ayahuasca: Spiritual Pharmacology & Drug Interactions BENJAMIN MALCOLM, PHARMD, MPH [email protected] MARCH 28 TH 2017 AWARE PROJECT Can Science be Spiritual? “Science is not only compatible with spirituality; it is a profound source of spirituality. When we recognize our place in an immensity of light years and in the passage of ages, when we grasp the intricacy, beauty and subtlety of life, then that soaring feeling, that sense of elation and humility combined, is surely spiritual. The notion that science and spirituality are somehow mutually exclusive does a disservice to both.” – Carl Sagan Disclosures & Disclaimers No conflicts of interest to disclose – I don’t get paid by pharma and have no potential to profit directly from ayahuasca This presentation is for information purposes only, none of the information presented should be used in replacement of medical advice or be considered medical advice This presentation is not an endorsement of illicit activity Presentation Outline & Objectives Describe what is known regarding ayahuasca’s pharmacology Outline adverse food and drug combinations with ayahuasca as well as strategies for risk management Provide an overview of spiritual pharmacology and current clinical data supporting potential of ayahuasca for treatment of mental illness Pharmacology Terms Drug ◦ Term used synonymously with substance or medicine in this presentation and in pharmacology ◦ No offense intended if I call your medicine or madre a drug! Bioavailability ◦ The amount of a drug that enters the body and is able to have an active effect ◦ Route specific: bioavailability is different between oral, intranasal, inhalation (smoked), and injected routes of administration (IV, IM, SC) Half-life (T ½) ◦ The amount of time it takes the body to metabolize/eliminate 50% of a drug ◦ E.g. -
The Effects of Phenelzine and Other Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
British Journal of Phammcology (1995) 114. 837-845 B 1995 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0007-1188/95 $9.00 The effects of phenelzine and other monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants on brain and liver 12 imidazoline-preferring receptors Regina Alemany, Gabriel Olmos & 'Jesu's A. Garcia-Sevilla Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain 1 The binding of [3H]-idazoxan in the presence of 106 M (-)-adrenaline was used to quantitate 12 imidazoline-preferring receptors in the rat brain and liver after chronic treatment with various irre- versible and reversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. 2 Chronic treatment (7-14 days) with the irreversible MAO inhibitors, phenelzine (1-20 mg kg-', i.p.), isocarboxazid (10 mg kg-', i.p.), clorgyline (3 mg kg-', i.p.) and tranylcypromine (10mg kg-', i.p.) markedly decreased (21-71%) the density of 12 imidazoline-preferring receptors in the rat brain and liver. In contrast, chronic treatment (7 days) with the reversible MAO-A inhibitors, moclobemide (1 and 10 mg kg-', i.p.) or chlordimeform (10 mg kg-', i.p.) or with the reversible MAO-B inhibitor Ro 16-6491 (1 and 10 mg kg-', i.p.) did not alter the density of 12 imidazoline-preferring receptors in the rat brain and liver; except for the higher dose of Ro 16-6491 which only decreased the density of these putative receptors in the liver (38%). 3 In vitro, phenelzine, clorgyline, 3-phenylpropargylamine, tranylcypromine and chlordimeform dis- placed the binding of [3H]-idazoxan to brain and liver I2 imidazoline-preferring receptors from two distinct binding sites. -
Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion and Pharmacokinetics
TESI DOCTORAL HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY OF AYAHUASCA JORDI RIBA Barcelona, 2003 Director de la Tesi: DR. MANEL JOSEP BARBANOJ RODRÍGUEZ A la Núria, el Marc i l’Emma. No pasaremos en silencio una de las cosas que á nuestro modo de ver llamará la atención... toman un bejuco llamado Ayahuasca (bejuco de muerto ó almas) del cual hacen un lijero cocimiento...esta bebida es narcótica, como debe suponerse, i á pocos momentos empieza a producir los mas raros fenómenos...Yo, por mí, sé decir que cuando he tomado el Ayahuasca he sentido rodeos de cabeza, luego un viaje aéreo en el que recuerdo percibia las prespectivas mas deliciosas, grandes ciudades, elevadas torres, hermosos parques i otros objetos bellísimos; luego me figuraba abandonado en un bosque i acometido de algunas fieras, de las que me defendia; en seguida tenia sensación fuerte de sueño del cual recordaba con dolor i pesadez de cabeza, i algunas veces mal estar general. Manuel Villavicencio Geografía de la República del Ecuador (1858) Das, was den Indianer den “Aya-huasca-Trank” lieben macht, sind, abgesehen von den Traumgesichten, die auf sein persönliches Glück Bezug habenden Bilder, die sein inneres Auge während des narkotischen Zustandes schaut. Louis Lewin Phantastica (1927) Agraïments La present tesi doctoral constitueix la fase final d’una idea nascuda ara fa gairebé nou anys. El fet que aquest treball sobre la farmacologia humana de l’ayahuasca hagi estat una realitat es deu fonamentalment al suport constant del seu director, el Manel Barbanoj. Voldria expressar-li la meva gratitud pel seu recolzament entusiàstic d’aquest projecte, molt allunyat, per la natura del fàrmac objecte d’estudi, dels que fins al moment s’havien dut a terme a l’Àrea d’Investigació Farmacològica de l’Hospital de Sant Pau. -
(DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact
pharmaceuticals Review Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact Andreia Machado Brito-da-Costa 1 , Diana Dias-da-Silva 1,2,* , Nelson G. M. Gomes 1,3 , Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira 1,2,4,* and Áurea Madureira-Carvalho 1,3 1 Department of Sciences, IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; [email protected] (A.M.B.-d.-C.); ngomes@ff.up.pt (N.G.M.G.); [email protected] (Á.M.-C.) 2 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 3 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 4 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.D.-d.-S.); [email protected] (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.) Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 20 October 2020; Published: 23 October 2020 Abstract: Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical beverage originally used by indigenous Amazonian tribes in religious ceremonies and therapeutic practices. While ethnobotanical surveys still indicate its spiritual and medicinal uses, consumption of ayahuasca has been progressively related with a recreational purpose, particularly in Western societies. The ayahuasca aqueous concoction is typically prepared from the leaves of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing Psychotria viridis, and the stem and bark of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of harmala alkaloids. -
Ayahuasca Characterization, Metabolism in Humans, And
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Ayahuasca characterization, metabolism in humans, and relevance to endogenous N,N- dimethyltryptamines Ethan Hamilton McIlhenny Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation McIlhenny, Ethan Hamilton, "Ayahuasca characterization, metabolism in humans, and relevance to endogenous N,N- dimethyltryptamines" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2049. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2049 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. AYAHUASCA CHARACTERIZATION, METABOLISM IN HUMANS, AND RELEVANCE TO ENDOGENOUS N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Veterinary Medical Sciences through the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences by Ethan Hamilton McIlhenny B.A., Skidmore College, 2006 M.S., Tulane University, 2008 August 2012 Acknowledgments Infinite thanks, appreciation, and gratitude to my mother Bonnie, father Chaffe, brother Matthew, grandmothers Virginia and Beverly, and to all my extended family, friends, and loved ones. Without your support and the visionary guidance of my friend and advisor Dr. Steven Barker, none of this work would have been possible. Special thanks to Dr. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0136742 A1 Mickle Et Al
US 20110136742A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0136742 A1 Mickle et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 9, 2011 (54) ANTIDEPRESSANT PRODRUGS A 6LX 3/5.375 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/553 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Travis Mickle, Coralville, IA (US); A6II 3/42 (2006.01) Wendy Hirschelman Severs, A6II 3/44 (2006.01) Blacksburg, VA (US) A6II 3/42 (2006.01) A6II 3/405 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 12/280,190 A63L/36 (2006.01) A63/4985 (2006.01) (22) PCT Fled: Feb. 22, 2007 A6II 3/4409 (2006.01) A6II 3/554 (2006.01) A6II 3/405 (2006.01) S371 (c)(1), A6IP 25/24 (2006.01) (2), (4) Date: Sep. 14, 2010 A6IP 25/22 (2006.01) Related U.S. Application Data A6IP 25/18 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........ 514/17.6: 514/564: 514/321; 514/217; (60) Provisional application No. 60/776,216, filed on Feb. 514/237.8: 514/211.13: 514/378: 514/354; 24, 2006. 514/376; 514/.424; 514/239.2: 514/.466; 514/250; 514/423: 514/419 Publication Classification (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl. A6 IK 38/06 (2006.01) The invention provides antidepressant prodrugs comprising A6 IK 38/05 (2006.01) an antidepressant conjugated to one or more amino acids. The A 6LX 3L/95 (2006.01) invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions com A6 IK 3L/4525 (2006.01) prising an antidepressant prodrug, and to methods of prepar A6 IK3I/55 (2006.01) ing and using the same. -
The Neurochemical Consequences of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency
The neurochemical consequences of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency Submitted By: George Francis Gray Allen Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London Submitted November 2010 Funded by the AADC Research Trust, UK Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University College London (UCL) 1 I, George Allen confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed………………………………………………….Date…………………………… 2 Abstract Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalyses the conversion of 5- hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) to the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine respectively. The inherited disorder AADC deficiency leads to a severe deficit of serotonin and dopamine as well as an accumulation of 5-HTP and L-dopa. This thesis investigated the potential role of 5- HTP/L-dopa accumulation in the pathogenesis of AADC deficiency. Treatment of human neuroblastoma cells with L-dopa or dopamine was found to increase intracellular levels of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH). However inhibiting AADC prevented the GSH increase induced by L-dopa. Furthermore dopamine but not L-dopa, increased GSH release from human astrocytoma cells, which do not express AADC activity. GSH release is the first stage of GSH trafficking from astrocytes to neurons. This data indicates dopamine may play a role in controlling brain GSH levels and consequently antioxidant status. The inability of L-dopa to influence GSH concentrations in the absence of AADC or with AADC inhibited indicates GSH trafficking/metabolism may be compromised in AADC deficiency. -
Official Protocol Title: NCT Number: NCT02750761
Official Protocol Title: A Phase 1, Single-Administration Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Oral and IV Tedizolid Phosphate in Hospitalized Subjects 2 to <12 Years Old NCT number: NCT02750761 Document Date: 23-Jun-2017 Tedizolid Phosphate (MK-1986) 1 Protocol TR701-120/MK-1986-013, Amendment 4 THIS PROTOCOL AND ALL OF THE INFORMATION RELATING TO IT ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., A SUBSIDIARY OF MERCK & CO., INC., WHITEHOUSE STATION, NJ, U.S.A. SPONSOR: Cubist Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (hereafter referred to as the Sponsor or Merck) Weystrasse 20, Lucerne 6 Switzerland Protocol-specific Sponsor Contact information can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or equivalent). TITLE: A Phase 1, Single-Administration Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Oral and IV Tedizolid Phosphate in Hospitalized Subjects 2 to <12 Years Old IND NUMBER: [106,307 (IV) and 125,076 (Oral Suspension)] EudraCT NUMBER: 2015-004595-29 23-Jun-2017 Confidential 04PPD9 Tedizolid Phosphate (MK-1986) 2 Protocol TR701-120, Amendment 4 SUMMARY OF CHANGES: TR701-120 Amendment 4 PRIMARY REASON(S) FOR THIS AMENDMENT: Section Change Rationale 1.0 Synopsis Updated dose for 6 to <12 years from 5 mg/kg to The dose level for the two age groups was adjusted Methodology; 4mg/kg, dose for 2 to <6 years from 5 mg/kg to 6 based on the results of the first interim analysis of the Investigational mg/kg based on the data from interim safety and safety and pharmacokinetic data.