KOREAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY Vol.30, No. 2, pp. 107 -11 4, June 2000

Systematic Study of Pheidolini (: Formicidae: ) in Korea

PARK, Seong-Joon and Byung-Jin KIM*

Division of Biological Science, College ofNatural Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chbnbuk 570-749, Korea

ABSTRACT Based on specimens of the tribe Pheidolini collected from , we identified five under three genera. In this paper we provided the diagnostic characters of these five species and the list of six unconfirmed species recorded in South and North Korea.

Key words : Systematic, Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Pheidolini, Korea

JS. *H^ Pheidolini^-fr ^ -4 ^fH*l Aphaenigater ruidafy Stenamma owstoni^ H, tR-S Pheidolini^aj- 4

It is known that the world fauna of the tribe or three days. Samples were moved to 85% ethanol Pheidolini consists of 510 species in 4 genera. They to be preserved. Samples were examined microsco- are generally found under soil and stones, on the pically using the Wild M8 stereo zoom microscope, grass and on fallen rotten trees. The world fauna of and identified on comparison with the specimens four genera is represented as Stenamma 30 spec- from Dr. Onoyama in and Dr. Rigato in ies, Aphaenogaster 80 species, Messor 90 species, Italy. Samples were described on the basis of exter- and 300 species. nal characters and 6 unconfirmed species were Teranish (1940) recorded 4 species for the first commented in the discussion. The plates of con- time in Korea; Aphaneogaster schmidti, Messor firmed species were made based on external dia- aciculatus, Pheidole fervida, and P. kwazani. Kim gnostic characters, and the key was made of 5 con- (1970) redescribed 4 species; A. famelica, P. nodus, firmed and 6 unconfirmed species, following the P. fervida, and M. aciculatu. Terayama et al. (1992) system of Myrmecological Society of Japan (1992). recorded 10 species; A. famelica, A. schmidti, A. Since most of specimens were worker caste, all smithiesti, A. tipuna, M. aciculatus, P. fervida, P. informations were based on workers. indica, P. nodus, P. pieli, S. owstoni. The abbreviation used in systemic account are as Although the 11 species of Pheidolini are known follows: CCB (Ch'ungch'6ngbuk-do), CCN (Ch'ung- to be found in Korea, just five species were collect- ch'6ngnam-do), CJ (Cheju-do), CLB (Chollabuk- ed by authors. A. ruida and S. owstoni are endemic do), CLN(Chollanam-do), KB (Kyongsangbuk-do), in North Korea. KG (Kyonggi-do), KN (Kyongsangnam-do), KW (Kangwon-do), NK (North Korea). MATERIALS AND METHODS SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Materials for this study were collected in South Korea from 1981 to 1998. The samples were fixed Tribe Pheidolini Emery, 1877 ^flu]^ in alcoholic Bouin's solution (150 ml of 80% ethanol, Type genus : Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. 15 ml of formaldehyde, and 1 g of picric acid) for two Key to genera of Pheidolini * To whom correspondence should be addressed. 1. Antennal club composed of 3 segments and as

107 Korean J. Entomol., 30(2), June 2000

long as sum of other segments or longer Wheeler, 1928: 101; Terayam et al., 1992: 26; Kim

...... Pheidole et al., 1993: 122; Kim et al., 1996: 122. - Antennal club with 4 segments or indistinct 2 Previous Records : KG Kanghwado, Kyongsong, 2. Head more or less angled, head ventrally with Namsan, Tojokdo; KW Mankyongdae, Naksansa, long and thick setae; propodeal spines absent Soraksan, Tonghae; CCB Ch'ongju, Sobakesan, ...... Messor Songnisan, Woraksan; CCN Kyeryongsan; CLB - Head oval, head ventrally often with hair, but Naejangsan, Tokyusan; CLN Hongdo, Odongdo K never with setae; propodeal spines present 3 mundo, Pikumdo, Wando, Yudalsan; KB Komosan, 3. Antennal scapes long well beyond posterior mar- Sanju; KN Hansando, Kojedo, Namhaedo, Pusan, gin of head in full -face view; petiolar node stron- Yokchido; CJ Hallasan (Choi et al., 1993). gly raised Aphaenogaster Localities of the Specimens Collected : KG Man- - Antennal scapes shorter, at most slightly excee- guri, Kanghwado, Kimp'o, Koyang, Puk'ansan, Sih ding posterior margin of head in full-face view; ng; KW Ch'iaksan, Kach'ilbong, Kyebangsan, Pae- - petiolar node lower and less strongly raised kdamsa, Soraksan; CCB Sobaeksan; CCN Kyer- ...... Stenamma yongsan, S daesan, Sud ksa; CLB Chirisan, Ch'on- hosan, Iksan, Kaeamsa, Koch'ang, Kunsan, Kom- Genus 1. Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 ^M-e^lM^ sansa, Maisan, Moaksan, Muju, Naejansan, 6ch'6-

Type species : Aphaenogster sardoa Mayr, 1853: ngdo, Sas6ndae, Sonunsa, Tokyusan; CLN Chang- 107. do, Chopdo, Daejin, Hajodo, Hwaomsa, Mudong- san, Paegyangsa, S6namsa, Ssanggyesa, Wando; Key to species of Aphaenogaster KB Chikchisa, Naeyonsan, Falgongsan; KN Kaya- 1. In frontal view the head round posteriorly; mid- san, Mukdo, Pokwangsa, Unmunsan, Yongmunsan, dle tibia longer than head width; head more gen- CJ rimok, SSngpanak.

tly rounded behind the eye 2 Specimens Examined : 6ch'6ngdo (5.VIII.1993, - In frontal view the head with more straight pos- Park).

terior margin; middle tibia subequal to or shorter Diagnostic characters : Total length of workers than head width 3 around 3~5 mm. Body color dark- to light-brown; 2. Propodeal spines broad basally and acute api- legs dark brown to dark yellowish brown. Scapes, cally famelica mesosoma and legs relatively rather short com- - Propodeal spines long and stout ruida pared to other Japanese Aphaenogaster species. 3. Dorsal surface of pronotum smooth and shining Posterior border of head flat in frontal view. Occipi- ...... schmidti tal area opaque, covered with punctures. Dorsal - Dorsal surface of pronotum punctures and feeble surface of pronotum predominantly punctate medi- striae ...... 4 ally, and with feeble, transverse marginal striae. 4. Body brown to dark brown and concolorous pos- Pronotal humeri angulate. Mesonotum distinctly terior portion of head and pronotal dorsum co- raised, sometimes higher than pronotum and for- vered with punctures and opaque; shoulder of ming an angulate convexity covered with punc- pronotum angulate; propodeal spines rather tures and striae. Lateral areas of mesopleurae co- thick; dorsum of pronotum partly covered with vered with punctures. Propodeal spines broad, their weakly developed transverse striae japonica apices acute. - Body bicolorous, with reddish brown and dark Remark : The is found on the plains of Korea, brown; posterior portion of head and pronotal nesting in the soil or under stones in woodland or dorsum with superficial punctures and shining; its margins. It has the dorsal surface of the prono- shoulder of pronotum not angulate; propodeal tum almost completely transversely striate. spines thin ...... tipuna Forel 7 2. Aphaenogaster tipuna e-] ^M-^^^ fl ) 1. 1 7 13 1913: 195. Aphaenogasterjaponica Forel ^^r^"^^ !! ! Aphaenogaster rothneyi tipuna Forel, Aphaenogaster schmitzi japonica Forel, 1911: 267. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) rothneyi tipuna Em- Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) syriaca japonca Em- ery, 1921: 59. 1937: ery, 1921: 60 Aphaenogaster tipuna Santchi, ; Hung, Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) smythiesi japonica Imai & Kubota, 1972: 1024; Terayama et al., 1992: Park and Kim - Pheidolini in Korea

56; Kim et al., 1996: 123 P'yongch'ang; CCN Ch'unjangdae, Kyeryongsan,

Previous Records : CCN Wonsando; CLN Chindo, Suduksa; CLB Iksan, Kiimsansa, Moaksan, Nae- Ch'ongsando, Komundo, Pikumdo, Pogildo, Soando, sosa,6ch'6ngdo, Sasendae, Unjangsan; CLN Ch'on- Taeh ksando, WandoCChoi et al., 1993) gsando, Hwaomsa, Kokumdo, Odongdo, Paegyang-

Localities of the Specimens Collected : CCN sa, Pogildo, Tolsando; KN Chinju; CJ Kirinorum, Changhang; CLB Kunsan, Munyudo, Myruksan, Kwanumsa, Sehwa. 6ch'6ngdo. Specimens Examined : Ch'ongsando (15.V.1998, Specimens Examined : Kunsan (8.IV. 1994, Park) Park).

: of Diagnostic characters : Total length of workers Diagnostic characters Total length workers around 3 5.5 mm. Head and mesosoma reddish around 4 ~ 5 mm. Body color black. Head slightly brown; gaster dark brown. Scapes, mesosoma and longer than broad. Antennal scape slightly sur- legs relatively rather short compared to other spec- passing posterior border of head. Long hairs absent ies. Posterior border of head flat. Occipital area from ventral surface of head, those present about smooth and shining, covered with shallow punc- as long as other body hairs. Metanotal groove tures. Pronotum shining, with shallow punctures rather deeply impressed and distinct both dorsally and feeble striae; humeri not angulate. Mesonotum and laterally. Dorsal- and declivitous faces of pro- raised but lower than pronotum, forming an angu- podeum almost straight in lateral view, meeting at late convexity covered with striae and punctures. an angle of about 120 degrees, the junction round- Lateral portions of mesopleurae covered with reti- ed, without spines. Petiolar node nearly triangular culation and punctures. Propodeal spines slender. in lateral view; postpetiolar node rounded. Tibial spurs of middle and hind legs simple. Almost all Genus 2. Messor Forel, 1890 ^7lH^r surfaces of body from mandibles to postpetiole

Type species : Formica barbara Linnaeus, 1767: rugose; the gaster entirely smooth and shining. 962. Yellowish -white setae rather abundant over near- ly the whole body.

3. Messor aciculatus (Fr. Smith) ^^jM) a] Remark : This species is very similar to the relat- Aphaenogaster aciculata Fr. Smith, 1874: 405; ed genus Aphaenogaster, and is distinguished by Teranishi, 1940: 4; Imai, 1966: 119; Onoyama, its wide head, the strongly curved external mandi- 1982: 325. bular margins and the presence of long hairs on Stenamma (Messor) aciculatum var. brunneicorne the ventral surface of the head. This species nest in Forel, 1901: 60 grasslands and open places such as roadsides. The Stenamma (Messor) aciculatum Wheeler, 1906: nest entrances open directly at the ground surface, Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) aciculata Emery, often with surrounding mounds of crater-like form. 1921: 57 These are harvester , which convey seeds as Messor aciculatum Teranishi, 1925 main food into the nests. M. aciculatus (Fr. Smith)

Messor aciculatus Wheeler, 1928: ?; Kim, 1963: alone is known from Korea. This species is mono- 343; Kim, 1970: 475; Collingwood, 1976: 303; Kim morphic and peculiar in lacking a psammphore on & Kim, 1982: 101; Kim & Kim, 1983: 73; Kim et the ventral surface of the head.

al., 1993: 123; Kim et al., 1994: 298

Previous Records : NK Wonsan sea shore (Col- Genus 3. Pheidole Westwood, 1839 -Spfl u] ^

lingwood, 1976); KG Kanghwado, Namsan, Seoul, Type species : Atta providens Sykes, 1835: 103. Suwon; KW Soraksan; CCB Ch'ongju, Sobaeksan, Woraksan; CCN Kyeryongsan, Wonsando; CLB T Key to species of Pheidole kyusan; CLN Odongdo; KB Mangyangjong, nyang, 1. Antero-ventral margin of head in major (soldier) Shinkwang-myon, Songdo, Songnisan, Songyugul, medially with 3 conspicuous, closely-approxi- KN Chirisan, Ch'ungmu, Hansando, Kojedo, Mae- mate processes; in minor (worker), head with oc- muldo, Namhaedo, Pusan, Sayangdo, Yokchido; CJ cipital margin flat in full -face view, posterior

Hallasan(Choi et al., 1993) portion of frons distinctly sculptured 2 - Localities of the Specimens Collected : KG Anteroventral margin of head in majors either Hwangsan, Shihung, Kangch'on, Kwangju, Iwan- without medial processes or with lower, less- gri, Wangbangsan; KW Kariwangsan, Kyebangsan, approximate processes; in minors, head posteri- Korean J. Entomol., 30(2), June 2000

orly rounded in full -face view, posterior portion Unmunsan, Yongmunsan; CJ Chejushi, Hyopjae, of frons smooth and shining 3 Namwon, Yongp'yong, Songpanak. 2. Antennal scapes in majors relatively long, each Specimens Examined : Odongdo (29.IV.1994, measuring approximately 2/3 head length; me- Park).

sonotum in minors more or less raised Diagnostic characters : Total length of body aro- fervida und 3.5 mm in soldiers, around 2.5 mm in workers. - Antennal scapes in majors relatively short, each Body color yellowish brown to reddish brown, gas- measuring approximately 1/2 head length; me- ter sometimes darker. In soldiers: gular dentition sonotum in minors not raised, fused with prono- with 3 median projections; antennal scapes reac- tum into a single entity; head in majors as wide hing back 2/3 the length of the head; pronotum and as long; clypeus in minors without a median cari- mesonotum usually separately raised, the mesono- na pieli tal convexity variable. In workers: posterior por- 3. Postpetiole in both majors and minors larger tion of head flat and sculptured; antennal scapes than petiole noda exceeding posterior corners of head; mesonotum - Postpetiole in both majors and minors smaller more or less raised; remaining features as given for than petiole; in majors, posterior portion of head soldier.

sculptured; in minors, mesonotum and anterior Remark : The gular dentition of the soldiers and part of propodeum more or less raised indica the shape of the posterior part of the head in wor- kers of P. fervida are similar to those of P. pieli, 4. Pheidolefervida Fr. Smith ^--f-^fl n] but is distinguishable from P. pieli by the shape of Pheidole fervida Fr. Smith, 1874: 406; Forel, its mesonotum. Nests in rotting wood or under 1900: 285; Teranishi, 1940: 4; Ogata, 1982: 195; stones on the forest floor. Imai, 1966: 119. 5. Fr. D Pheidole fervida var. kwazana Teranishi, 1940; ?; Pheidole noda Smith -^H 1 Kupyanskaya,1990: 124. Pheidloe nodus Fr. Smith, 1874: 407; Forel, 1900: Pheidole fervida; Kim, 1963: 344; Kim, C. 1970: 268; Ogata, 1982: 196.

477; Collingwood, 1976: 302; Kim & Kim, 1983: 71; Pheidole nodus : Kim, 1963: 344; Kim, 1970: 476; Terayama et al., 1992: 27; Kim et al., 1993: 124; Kim & Kim, 1983: 69; Terayama et al., 1992: 27;

Kim et al., 1994: 299; Park, 1995: 49; Kim et al., Kim et al., 1993: 125; Kim et al., 1996: 123

1995: 105; Kim et al., 1996: 122. Previous Records : KG Seoul; KW Soraksan; CCB

Previous Records : NK Kaesong, Pakyon-Pokpo, Songnisan, Woraksan; CCN Kayasan, Kyeryong- Sagampo, Komgangsan, Pyongyang, Sokwangsa san, Wonsando; CLB Chirisan, Naejangsan; CLN (Teranishi, 1940); KG Kanghwado, Seoul; KW Odongdo, Paekyangsa, Pigiimdo, Sonamsa, Yudal- Soraksan; CCB Songnisan, Woraksan; CCN Ker- san; KB Ullungdo; KN Ch'oongmu, Hansnado, yongsan; CLB Chirisan; CLN Namhaedo, Naejang- Kojedo, Namhaedo, Pusan, Sarayngdo, Yokchido; san, Odongdo; KN Hansando, Kojedo, Yokchido; CJ CJ Hallasan(Choi et al., 1993).

Hallasan(Choi et al., 1993). Localities of the Specimens Collected : CJ Hyop-

Localities of the Specimens Collected : KG Dok- jae, Namwon, Sogwip'o, Songsan.

chokdo, Kanghwado, Kwangrung, Muudo, Shihung; Specimens Examined : Namwon (13.V. 1992, Kim)

KW Chompongsan, Ch'iaksan, Hankyeryong, Kap- Diagnostic characters : Total length of body aro- ch'on, Kariwangsan, Kyebangsan, Kyech'on, Nak- und 4.5 mm in soldiers, around 3 mm in workers. sansa, Odaesan, Paekdamsa, P'yongch'ang, Sokye- Head and gaster blackish brown, remainder red- bangsan, Soraksan, Ulliingdo, Yulchon; CCB Yong- dish brown. In soldiers: gular dentition with paired dong, Sobaeksan; CCN Ch'ilgapsan, Kwangdoksan, lateral projections and obscure median projections; than In workers: Kyeryongsan, Much'angp'o, Sudoksa, Taejon, ; CLB postpetiole larger petiole. pos- Chirisan, Iksan, Koch'ang, Kunsan, Kumsansa, terior portion of head rounded, with more or less Maisan, Miruksan, Moaksan, Muju, Naejansan, distinct occipital carina.

6ch'6ngdo, Sonunsa, TSkyusan; CLN Changdori, Remark : This species is easily distinguished Ch'uwolsan, Daejin, Wando, Mudungsan, Odongdo, from other Korean Pheidole species by its large Paegyangsa, Sonamsa, Ssanggyosa; KB Chikchisa, postpetiole. Found in open land and woodland or Naeyonsan; KN Kayasan, Kojedo, Pokwangsa, its margins. Colonies are large. Soldiers dissect - Park and Kim Pheidolini in Korea

Table 1. Species composition of Pheidolini in the Korean peninsular KG KW CCB CCN CLB CLN KB KN CJ A. famelica A. ruida A. schmidti

A. japonica O i

A. tipuna <

M. aciculatus O i

P. fervida O o o < P. indica

P. noda ( P. pieli S. owstoni

: of the Localities specimens collected, : Reference records only

Table 2. Comparative diversity of tribe Pheidolini between world and Korea

Total no. No. of No. of gaster

Korea 11 (South Korea) (9)

(North Korea) ( % 2.16 Korean J. Entomol., 30(2), June 2000

Emery, C., 1902. Note mirmecologiche. Rendiconto delle Ses- Myrmecologial Society of Japan, 1992. A guide for the identi- sion! della T. Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istitoto Bologna fication of Japanese ants, 3: 14-25. (N.Ss) 6(1901): 22-34. Ogata, K, 1987. A generic synopsis of the poneroid complex Forel, A., 1900. Les formicides de 1'Empire des Indes et de of the family Formicidae in Japan. Part 1. Subfamilies Ceylan. Part 7. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Ponerinae and Cerapachinae. Esakia 25: 97-123. Society 13: 303-332. Onoyama, K, 1989. Notes on the ants of the genus Hypo- Forel, A., 1918. Etudes myrm^cologiques en 1917. Bulletin ponera in Japan. Edaphologia. 41: 1-10.

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Fig. 1. A: Head E: Profile view of A. ofAphaenogasterjaponica, japonica, C: Head of A. tipuna, D: Profile view of A. tipuna, E: Head ofMessor F: aciculatus, Profile view of M. aciculatus (Scale : 1 mm). Korean J. Entomol., 30(2), June 2000

*Witf

Fig. 2. A: Head ofPheidole fervida (S), B: Profile view of P. fervida (S), C: Head of P. fervida (W), D: Profile view of P. fervida (W), E: Head of P. noda(S), F: Profile view of P. noda, S), G: Head of P. noda (W), H: Profile view of P. noda (W) (S: soldier, W: worker; Scale: 1 mm).