Currents Magazine Is an Unofficial Publication Produced Biannually by the Daniel K

Spring 2016 Vol. 27 CURRENTS Covers November 2015 - May 2016 News...... 4-5

Courses Advanced Security Cooperation ...... 6-7 Comprehensive Crisis Management...... 8-9 Asia-PacificOrientation Course...... 10 Transnational Security Cooperation...... 11

Workshops/Topical Promoting cooperation on transnational threats...... 12-13 Sharing renewable energy ideas...... 14 Addressing ‘High Asia’ climate issues...... 15 Building professional education collaboration...... 16 Setting maritime priorities for Indian Ocean...... 17 Discussing regional security evolution...... 17 Collaborating on counterterrorism education...... 18 Evaluating terrorist use of social media...... 19

Theme: Maritime Security...... 20-23

Faculty publications...... 24-25

Alumni Connections Emphasizing maritime cooperation Alumni impacts...... 26-28 Adm. Scott Swift, U.S. Pacific Fleet commander, joined academic Promotions...... 29-30 and defense education leaders for discussions on building collabora- Position Changes...... 30-33 tion in the Asia-Pacific maritime domain during a Feb. 3 to 5 work- Retirements...... 33 shop at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. The workshop, titled “Maritime Security Cooperation: Engagement In every issue through Education,” was one of two maritime-oriented workshops Visitors...... 34-35 at the Center held in February and May. The events represented the region’s emphasis on increasing shared awareness and a common un- Center News...... 36-37 derstanding of issues impacting maritime security in the Asia-Pacific Course Calendar...... 38 region. For more details on the Center’s efforts in this area, see pages Course Managers...... 38 20 to 23. Contacts...... 39

Currents magazine is an unofficial publication produced biannually by the Daniel K. Inouye Asia- Contact Information: Pacific Center for Security Studies Public Affairs Office. This publication is for DKI APCSS alum- Questions or comments can be addressed by ni, Fellows, future Fellows and friends of the Center. It is available online at www.apcss.org. We phone (808) 971-8916 or emailed to pao@apcss. use the Associated Press Style Guide when abbreviating ranks, regardless of individual service org. Our mailing address is Daniel K. Inouye Asia- style. Contents are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or Pacific Center for Security Studies, Public Affairs the U.S. Department of Defense. Office, 2058 Maluhia Road, Honolulu, HI 96815

2 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Director’s Message Discipline key to sustaining security capacity, avoiding conflicts I'm going to focus my message on a theme that I shared earlier this year at India's International Fleet Review while speaking on the role of oceans and navies in the context of maritime domain security. Held Feb. 7 to 8 in Visakhapat- nam, India, and organized by the Eastern Naval Command, IFR is a major annual maritime event, and I was fortunate to have been selected as one of the keynote speakers for the International Maritime Conference, a key component of the IFR. The objective of IFR is to enhance mutual trust and confidence with neighboring navies, a mission that is in sync with our own DKI APCSS objectives. The IFR is a big deal, and this DKI APCSS Director retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf (center) addresses 300 participants in the year, it included 50 participating International Maritime Conference held as part of the Feb. 7 to 8 India International Fleet Re- nations, more than 70 ships and ap- view in Visakhapatnam. Leaf spoke on the importance of military professionalism to security. proximately 200,000 participants, proximately 300 is that navies, like of the most powerful nations can be including India’s president and prime their counterparts from other services thwarted by the smallest. minister. the world over, have a moderating While often technically and influence; their discipline and pro- philosophically difficult, shared The key point I made ... ficiency make conflict less likely. domain awareness and clear com- is that navies, like their Military forces must be disciplined munication of intent, applied in both counterparts from other and professional — the nature of bilateral and multilateral forums, are their business and the harsh environ- services the world over, the keys to creating the necessary ment in which they operate simply environment for peace, stability and have a moderating influ- demand it. prosperity. ence; their discipline and By virtue of that professionalism, That’s why DKI APCSS facili- proficiency make conflict military forces serve as standard set- tates many of these vital forums to ters for norms, rules and laws, if they less likely. promote the cooperation, leadership, are properly trained, equipped, and decision-making and common under- disciplined. Additionally, their effec- standing needed for a peaceful and While it may seem strange that tiveness is multiplied in an environ- stable region. an Air Force fighter pilot would be ment of cooperation. asked to speak to a group of sailors, In the modern world, conflict is Sincerely, the reality is that my message reso- almost never in a nation's interest. nated well with the audience, as it Over the last few decades, the United aligned with the spirit of the gather- States has learned that regional coop- ing. eration, rather than dominance, is the The key point I made in address- way ahead, particularly in the Asia- Retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf ing an international audience of ap- Pacific. That's because the ambitions Director, DKI APCSS

www.apcss.org 3 News

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DKI APCSS completes third Lao PDR dialogue The Daniel K. Inouye Asia- Pacific Center for Security Studies completed its third and final dialogue with the Lao People’s Demo- Guo Peng (center), with China’s Maritime Safety Administration, is DKI APCSS’ 10,000th alumnus. cratic Republic Nov. 25 in prepara- Center Director retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf (center left), and Dean Carlton Cramer, recognized Peng tion for Laos’ assumption of the during the March 16 Comprehensive Crisis Management course (CCM 16-1) commencement. ASEAN chairmanship for 2016. DKI APCSS faculty members Dr. Al Oehlers and Herman Finley, Center surpasses 10,000-alumni milestone and staff member Mary Marko- Since 1995, the Daniel K. Inouye mobile orientation courses, workshops vinovic joined 52 Lao participants Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies and outreach events throughout the Asia- representing 19 ministries, agencies and offices with responsibilities tied has provided executive security educa- Pacific region. to the nation’s ASEAN leadership tion to thousands of Fellows from more The Center equips the region’s security role. than 125 locations and organizations practitioners with problem-solving, col- According to Oehlers, this third worldwide. The Center reached the laboration and leadership tools needed dialogue focused on strategic communication and messaging skills. 10,000 alumni mark upon completion of to affect positive change in fields such Oehlers stated, “Participants the Comprehensive Crisis Management as maritime security, inclusion, security highlighted they gained a greater course (CCM 16-1) March 16. sector development, and humanitarian as- appreciation of the subtleties and One hundred twenty Fellows from sistance and disaster recovery. The Center nuances of developing messages to various audiences they needed 38 locations attended the Feb. 11 to also facilitates the formation of closer pro- to communicate with, such as the March 16 CCM, bringing the Center’s fessional relationships among Fellows. international community, ASEAN total alumni count to 10,024. The Cen- DKI APCSS’ thousands of alumni have member states and the Lao general ter identified Guo Peng, with China’s had a significant positive impact on the public. This capability development opportunity addressed a topic they Maritime Safety Administration, as the region and the world, according to Leaf. agreed was crucial for leadership 10,000th. “Our 10,000 alumni didn’t go back development.” “We’re proud to have reached this to their countries just better educated, The first dialogue took place in point in just over 20 years…to think they went back with important skills and April 2015 and assisted the nation in building a mechanism to coor- about it, it shows we’re a pretty busy knowledge, the ‘spirit of aloha,’ and a dinate preparation efforts among place,” said DKI APCSS Director re- sense of their ability to make things better; relevant ministries. The second in tired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf. With a staff multiply that by 10,000 — it’s a wonderful September 2015 emphasized raising of roughly 120 faculty members and thing. When they complete a course here, Lao officials’ awareness on several key security issues likely to figure support staff, the Center conducts an it’s not the end…it’s the beginning of their prominently during its ASEAN average of nine in-resident courses an- journey to apply, to teach, to change the chairmanship. nually at its Honolulu facility, some world with what they’ve learned here at lasting nearly five weeks, as well as DKI APCSS.” 4 CURRENTS Spring 2016 DKI APCSS sustains commitment to inclusive security The Daniel K. Inouye speakers for its in-residence Center for Security Studies courses. has woven the inclusion of Dr. Alaa Murabit, who women in security gover- serves on the U.N. Women nance into the fiber of its ex- Global Advisory Board, ecutive education program. spoke to 120 Fellows April Working through the 25 as part of the Advanced Center’s formal Women, Security Cooperation course Peace and Security initia- (ASC 16-1). She addressed tive, the Center continues to issues such as the impact of actively advocate integrating war and violence on women women into security-related and the role of women in decision-making processes. conflict resolution. In May, a four-person Six days prior, Ammara WPS panel, composed of Khattak briefed the same Center Director retired Lt. group of Fellows. Khat- Gen. Dan Leaf and profes- tak, Pakistan’s first deputy sors Dr. Miemie Byrd and commissioner of the city Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson, of Abbottabad, discussed and U.S. Marine Corps Lt. her Comprehensive Crisis Col. Edward Carpenter (via Management course (CCM video) engaged with senior 15-1) Fellows Project. She regional leaders attending the successfully facilitated pro- (Top) The Advanced Security Cooperation course (ASC 16-1) com- Transnational Security Coop- prised 28 percent women, the course’s highest level to date. Among grams designed to integrate eration course (TSC 16-1). ASC Fellows were Lt. Col. Nyamjargal Nergui, of Mongolia (fore- persons with disabilities into The four discussed ground), and Metho Dema, of Bhutan. (Bottom left to right) Ammara disaster management plan- evidence-based advantages Khattak, deputy commissioner of Abbottabad, Pakistan, and Dr. Alaa ning in Pakistan. of incorporating women into Murabit, member of a U.N. advisory board, served as guest speakers “DKI APCSS is proud to for ASC 16-1 in May. security processes. Bacay play a leading role in WPS ef- Watson, for example, related forming a comprehensive The Center also sus- forts,” Leaf said. “This effort how six women aided the peace agreement with Mus- tained efforts to feature se- is a priority because it simply Philippines government in lim separatists on Mindanao. nior women leaders as guest makes so much sense.” Center supports new security studies institutes in Vietnam A pair of Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pa- Strategic Security Studies. cific Center for Security Studies profes- The institutions will enhance sors traveled to Vietnam in November HCMA’s ability to train senior- and to assist the Ho Chi Minh Academy of middle-level government and party Politics in evolving two newly estab- leaders in governance expertise, leader- lished education institutions. ship skills and strategic thinking.

Dr. Alexander Vuving and Dr. Lori According to Vuving, the group Wikimapia Forman took part in a bilateral dialogue incorporated elements of DKI APCSS’ DKI APCSS professors are assisting the with HCMA leadership and staff mem- operation models. “They appreciated Ho Chi Minh Academy of Politics in growing two new institutions designed to devel- bers Nov. 11 to 13. They worked with our business and academic models op the nation’s government leaders. the group to develop a mission, vision where the emphasis is on peer-learning and road map for the academy’s Viet- and self-learning...it’s essentially a will focus on research, education, con- nam Institute for Leadership and Public participant-centered model.” sulting, networking and building a pro- Policy and that institute’s Center for Vuving said the two organizations ductive corporate culture. www.apcss.org 5 Courses ASC 15-2 Leaders equipped to tackle global security challenges trengthening their ability to ana- course’s primary intent, according to ASC 15-2 Fellows learned through lyze regional security challenges course manager Dr. Christopher Sned- a combination of plenary topical dis- Sand cooperate on identifying so- den, is to connect Fellows in a way cussions, elective sessions and group lutions, 114 Fellows from 42 locations that helps them collaborate on complex interaction seminars. They also took completed the Advanced Security Coop- regional security challenges. part in exercises that capped each of eration course (ASC 15-2) Oct. 29 at the “We want Fellows to come to an four curriculum modules. These ex- Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center understanding of different perceptions, ercises enabled Fellows to leverage for Security Studies. different ways of looking at an issue, newly gained knowledge and skills in The five-week course is an executive and move to resolve the associated an application and cooperation activity. education program enabling mid-level interrelational dynamics,” said Sned- Each exercise built upon the previous military and civilian leaders to deepen den, adding, “We want them to look at one culminating in an Oct. 27 nego- their understanding of security issues issues from other points of view and tiations challenge that served as the within political, socio-economic, de- move toward identifying and resolving course’s capstone event. fense and environmental contexts. The challenges collaboratively.” “The Cooperative Future” exercise on Oct. 22 teamed Fellows with diverse language, cultural, educational and socio-political backgrounds into nine groups. Each group’s mission was to work through their myriad differences and to come to an agreement on what they believed is the

“The experience was excellent. They taught us how to frame problems and how to cooperate...I feel my capability to manage complex issues has improved very much.” - Chinese Fellow Qinyan Zhou

Asia-Pacific’s foremost major security concern that offers the best opportunity for regional security cooperation. After analyzing the region’s security environment, they identified an issue and developed feasible next steps to resolve it. Chinese Fellow Qinyan Zhou noted Sebastian Ipauki, a police officer with the Papua New Guinea Defence Forces, engages that the process of identifying a single with fellow Advanced Security Cooperation course (ASC 15-2) participants during a nego- tiations exercise at DKI APCSS Oct. 27. issue was complicated due to what are often the nation-specific perspectives of each group member. “For example,

6 CURRENTS Spring 2016 (Left) Rear Adm. Michael Holland, director of Maritime Headquarters, U.S. Pacific Fleet, shares security perspectives with Advanced Security Cooperation course (ASC 15-2) Fel- lows during his attendance at the Senior Exec- utive Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (SEAPOC 15-1). (Below) DKI APCSS professor Dr. Miemie Byrd talks with an ASC Fellow on a security topic during the month-long course.

Zhou related, “Oceania people, they were important for us; I feel my capability to India, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati and Re- concerned about climate change, because manage complex issues has improved public of Korea. They also came from they are very much facing that challenge. very much.” Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall For developing countries, like China, The ASC curriculum prepares Fel- Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Myan- we’re more concerned about the develop- lows for exercises through courses that mar, Nauru, Nepal, Niue, Pakistan and ment issue.” Zhou serves with China’s equip them with the latest information Palau. Fellows also hailed from Papua Maritime Safety Administration. on the Asia-Pacific’s various sub- New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Sa- Her group eventually settled on the regions and on key topics, such as terror- moa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri issue of unequal development, some- ism, economics and maritime security. Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, thing she related may contribute to a For example, in Dr. Alexander Vuv- Tuvalu, the United States, Vanuatu and host of security problems. In a brief ing’s presentation “Regional Security Vietnam. to their ASC peers and course faculty, Architecture in the Asia-Pacific,” Vuv- Zhou’s team outlined contributing facing discusses with Fellows the network tors, such as poor governance and un- of security-related alliances, institutions, even distribution of resources, and then forums and agreements that collectively offered an action plan and strategic op- contribute to regional peace and stabil- tions to address these factors. ity. Briefings are enhanced by seminar Zhou praised the course’s results- sessions that enable Fellows to discuss oriented curriculum. “The experience lecture topics face-to-face. was excellent. They (faculty) taught ASC 15-2 Fellows hailed from Aus- us how to frame problems and how to tralia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, cooperate and communicate. This is so Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Fiji,

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Working through complexity CCM Fellows learn analytical approach to crisis management anaging disasters or crises CCM 16-1 began with three ple- This course, attempted to help Fel- presents challenges that are nary sessions focused on complexity. lows manage crises by looking at them Manything but simple. A host Course manager Herman Finley said comprehensively, using a causal loop of involved government and nongov- these were foundational to thought to identify and frame related issues, ernment actors, impacted populations processes used throughout the course, then developing strategies to change that are often ethnically, politically and particularly in application exercises. an associated system over time. The culturally diverse, and myriad intercon- “Most Fellows are trained in ‘lin- approach required considering the per- nected processes can make planning, ear complicated’ problem-solving. spectives of all actors, evaluating im- response and recovery actions over- Their approach is ‘me and my team pacts of actions taken and working col- whelmingly complex. will analyze the problem and come up laboratively to overcome challenges. Teaching security practitioners to with solutions to fix it.’” Finley ex- “The overarching thing I got out of work through this complexity by think- plains, however, that problems often the lectures (on complexity) was this ing systemically and strategically was exist within a complex system that is concept of not trying to find a single the aim of the Feb. 11 to March 16 constantly changing and comprised of solution…that these things are so chal- Comprehensive Crisis Management many interconnected elements. Thus, lenging, that it’s more about managing course (CCM 16-1) held at the Daniel when one actor within a system evalu- the situation to achieve an outcome,” K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Se- ates and tries to solve a problem, it said Australian Air Force Squadron curity Studies. One hundred twenty impacts other actors within the system, Leader Daniel Drinan. Fellows from 38 locations took part. creating a loop of often unintended Drinan said his group used this CCM is an executive education consequences. mindset to evaluate impacts of the program designed to educate and build 2010 earthquake that decimated Port- resilient capacity among security practi- Finley explained prob- au-Prince, Haiti, killing more than tioners for crisis preparation, response, 200,000 people. He related the country and recovery. It helps participants lems often exist within a already had underlying instability prior develop a comprehensive understand- complex system that is to the earthquake. His team framed the ing of crisis and disaster management constantly changing and context of problems posed and devel- with a focus on the strategic impacts of oped suggested actions. decisions and actions before, during and comprised of many in- Later in the course, a capstone ex- after events. terconnected elements. ercise enabled Drinan and his fellow

One hundred twenty Fellows from 38 locations took part in the Comprehensive Crisis Management course (CCM 16-1) Feb. 11 to March 16. Fellows sharpened critical thinking skills needed to better manage complex systems impacted by crises.

8 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Fellows attending the Comprehensive Crisis Management course (CCM 16-1) discuss social inclusion impacts on crisis response and resiliency. The discussion took place in one of several seminar sessions that follow each of a series of plenary lectures. The four pictured are (left to right): Bhupinder Singh, with India’s National Disaster Management Agency; Royal Thai Navy Capt. Teerasarn Kongman; Timor-Leste Defence Force Capt. Jose Rodrigues Da Cruz; and Cam Tu Nguyen, with Vietnam’s Department of Foreign Affairs. participants to apply knowledge built proach earned praise from CCM Fellow dia and Indonesia. Fellows also came through a series of topical plenary lec- Winston Almeda. “I think, in the con- from Kiribati, Laos, Malaysia, Mal- tures, seminar discussions, exercises, text of crisis management, appreciat- dives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, on-island site visits, case studies analy- ing all the players in society was very Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, sis and electives. meaningful.” New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Peru, The capstone scenario called for Almeda, who is a special assistant the Philippines, Republic of Korea, each of nine CCM seminar groups to with the Philippines Department of Rwanda, Samoa, Solomon Islands and act as a different government ministry Foreign Affairs, added the entirety of Sri Lanka. Fellows also hailed from in an underdeveloped, fictitious nation CCM was “marvelous…very enrich- Taiwan, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Tonga, wracked by spread of a communicable ing personally, and more importantly, United States, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. disease. professionally as a practitioner of crisis Each group analyzed available data, management for my organization.” considered capabilities and challenges, He noted the course’s emphasis on then developed response proposals for critical thinking. “Thinking compre- the nation’s prime minister. Nine task hensively — both from the perspectives forces were then formed, containing of government organization and as a members from each of the nine minis- nation — I found it very important and tries. They worked through competing a benchmark for analyzing (issues).” ministry priorities to develop and brief Almeda was joined in CCM by agreed-upon courses of action to na- participants from Afghanistan, Austra- tional leadership. lia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, The course’s whole-of-society ap- Canada, China, Egypt, Fiji Islands, In-

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roadening their perceive certain issues. understanding of APOC expands Fellows’ U.S. Fellow Alan Aoki, Bthe complex Asia- a research analyst with the Pacific region, 150 security regional understanding Center for Excellence in practitioners completed the Disaster Management and Asia-Pacific Orientation Humanitarian Assistance Course Jan. 29 in Honolulu. located in Hawaii, said, Taking place Jan 25 “It’s called the Asia-Pacific to 29 at the Daniel K. In- Orientation Course, but I ouye Asia-Pacific Center would argue that it goes for Security Studies, the beyond being an orienta- course educated partici- tion course, even for some- pants on the myriad factors body who’s familiar with that impact the region’s the region. security environment. Pri- “I am looking at it marily mid-level military through the humanitarian officers and their civilian assistance and disaster re- equivalents take part in lief lens...there is so much discussions centered on more that I need to keep socio-economic, political, thinking about and recon- defense, health and envi- sider...APOC’s (approach ronmental issues. to) multi-layered and com- “A lot of people have Edward Chevy, with Pacific Air Forces’ Disability Communication Ac- cess Board, takes part in a seminar session during the Asia-Pacific plex issues are going to worked in Asia for a long Orientation Course (APOC 16-1). Chevy was one of four deaf Fel- affect the way I look at my time without a formal intro- lows who were part of a DKI APCSS’ outreach to this community. own work.” duction to the region,” said Among those taking part course manager Dr. Jeffrey Asia-Pacific” by Dr. Lora to hear the specifics and the in this perspective-shaping Reeves. “We provide the Saalman. Fellows supple- roles they play to ensure course was the Center’s strategic (perspective) so mented their newly gained peace and provide humani- first cohort of hearing- they can see how what they knowledge through daily tarian efforts… it’s great to do on a daily basis fits into seminar sessions, which al- see what my colleagues are impaired Fellows with four the big picture. Hopefully, lowed them to share their doing. I feel energized and in attendance. They joined they will be more effective personal perspectives with am appreciative of the op- Fellows from nine loca- in regional engagement and peers. portunity to be in APOC.” tions: Australia, Brunei, executing policy.” Cynthia Burney, U.S. The overarching theme Canada, Japan, Republic DKI APCSS professor Air Force community sup- of APOC 16-1 continued of Korea, New Zealand, Dr. Christopher Snedden port program manager with that of three 2015 itera- Singapore, Taiwan and the launched the first of the Pacific Air Forces, Joint tions: comprehensive en- United States. course’s 13 plenary dis- Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, gagement. The concept fo- cussions. He addressed Hawaii, said she was fas- cuses on creating linkages the region’s geopolitical cinated by discussions in between American secu- landscape, discussing ma- her seminar where she had rity practitioners and their jor security challenges and an opportunity to interact counterparts in the region trends driven by history, with representatives of dif- while providing a basis for politics and culture. Other ferent branches of the U.S. mutual understanding. Ac- plenary titles included “Se- military. cording to Reeves, a big curity Dynamics in South “I had a general idea part of this effort is equip- Asia” by Dr. Saira Yamin about what the different ping Fellows to think about and “Cybersecurity in the branches of the DoD do, but how others in the region 10 CURRENTS Spring 2016 TSC develops strategic-level collaboration hallenged with disaster response and terrorism scenarios, 28 senior Cleaders from 24 locations collabo- rated to develop problem-solving strategies as part of the May 9 to 13 Transna- tional Security Cooperation course (TSC 16-1) at the Daniel K. Inouye Center for Security Studies. Crisis response scenarios are a key part of the week-long TSC, an intensive executive education program for current leaders with significant national, regional or international responsibility. TSC is the Center’s most senior-level course and enhances Fellows’ understanding of security issues that often cross national Twenty-eight Fellows from 24 locations throughout the Asia-Pacific region attended the Transnational Security Cooperation course (TSC 16-1) May 9 to 13 at DKI APCSS. boundaries, are highly complex, and require multi-national responses. mechanisms that prevent future conflict making law. She said course lectures The course began with topical discus- and promote conditions for peaceful changed her view, demonstrating how sions on strategic problem-solving tools coexistence.” all elements of governance are linked focused heavily on assessment and plan- Fellows documented their work in to security. “Now, I will be looking at ning. With these tools in hand, Fellows each of three sessions and briefed a (things) differently. When I write down are split into two groups and launch into panel of DKI APCSS faculty members a legal opinion, I will keep in mind what three-stage crisis scenarios, one centered and leaders on their progress and even- will be the related security issue.” The on a biohazard/mass migration issue and tual proposals. Mongolian Fellow said she also appreci- the other on terrorist attacks within a New Zealand Chief of Navy Rear ated the opportunity to learn from the major Asian city. They first evaluated Adm. John Martin said the exercise experiences of her peers. underlying factors driving each event — reinforced his previous experience in Joining Tumurbaatar and Martin in such as economic, ethnic, or political is- crisis response, but also gave him an TSC 16-1 were Fellows from Australia, sues — and then identified solutions via Bhutan, Cambodia, Canada, Fiji, India, multilateral cooperation. appreciation of what smaller nations and organizations “bring to the solution Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Each situation has the potential to es- Myanmar, Nepal, and New Zealand. calate in terms of violence or other neg- space.” A veteran of joint planning, which involves coordination only among Fellows also hailed from Pakistan, Pap- ative impacts on affected populations. ua New Guinea, the Philippines, Repub- a single nation’s security organizations, It is the prevention of this that course lic of Korea and Singapore, Sri Lanka, Martin related, “To actually create in a manager Dr. Saira Yamin emphasizes in Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga combined (multinational) environment her pre-scenario brief to Fellows. and the United States. “They have to look at opportunities from the beginning was very rich.” to engage prior to reaching a heightened In addition to exercise scenarios, point of conflict…that’s one of the key TSC Fellows also took part in multiple objectives of our security education pro- topical discussions to include “Environ- gram,” Yamin explained. “Even when ment and Resource Scarcity,” led by forced to react to a situation already in Dr. Scott Hauger, and “Demographic crisis, as these Fellows must, they’re Trends in the Asia-Pacific Region,”with thinking about short-term and long- Dr. Al Oehlers. term measures to deal with it — while Bat-Ulzii Tumurbaatar, a senior - Male: 82% / Female: 18% short- and medium-term actions will policy official with Mongolia’s Ministry - Military: 53% / Civilian: 46% - Law Enforcement: 4% address management, containment and of Justice, said prior to TSC she didn’t - International: 89%, U.S.: 11% resolution, long-term actions can set up believe security was tied to her job of www.apcss.org 11 Workshops Building cooperation on cross-border threats By Shyam Tekwani to the world’s largest concentra- Assoc. Professor, DKI APCSS tion of poor people — about 575 million continue to live on less he connection between than $1.25 a day. All the region’s borders and security is one

Soumik Kar nations, at present, grapple with a Tthat holds important impli- combination of underdevelopment, Threats in South Asia cations for counterterrorism strate- and what are often transnational gies. South Asia, as a regional Pictured above, smoke pours from the Taj Ma- threats and challenges along their hal Palace and Tower Hotel following an attack by category, has always evoked borders. the terror group Lashkar-e-Taiba in Mumbai, India, interest and a sense of perplexity These threats include illegal in 2008. given the uniqueness of its state migration, insurgencies, drug and Designated a terror organization by the United arrangements, the commonality of human trafficking, and money States, the group is one of the largest terrorist culture, the post-colonial ethos of groups in South Asia. Its stated claim is the inte- laundering, as well as small arms its states, and the vastness of its gration of Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan after and light weapons proliferation, ending Indian rule, and the propagation of pan- population. Added to this mix are smuggling of commodities, fishing Islamism in South Asia. its borders that act both as a bridge disputes and cross-border terror- Other specific threats/challenges in the region as well as a source of security ism. Added to this border com- include: challenges. plexity is the geopolitics of border l Al Qaeda forces that fled Afghanistan with To address these challenges their Taliban supporters remain active on Pakistani regions that straddle major powers territory. The organization’s global leadership and identify opportunities for co- who have not resolved their bor- continues to operate from remote locations the operation, 40 professionals from ders issues to this date. group has historically exploited for safe haven. Al 10 nations gathered for the April Governments face an array of Qaeda is believed to have links with indigenous 26 to 28 workshop “Transna- complex challenges in addressing Pakistani terrorist groups that support separatist tional Challenges in South Asia: these threats, including capacity militancy in Indian Kashmir. Prospects and Implications for l India is home to several indigenous separat- shortfalls, the widespread use of ist and Maoist-oriented terrorist groups. Regional Stability” in New Delhi, informal economies, porous bor- l One of the largest border challenges in the India. The Daniel K. Inouye Asia- ders, pervasive corruption, and region is the migration from Myanmar of the Ro- Pacific Center for Security Stud- a lack of regional cooperation. hingya minority into neighboring countries with over ies and India’s United Services These factors make the region a 200,000 Rohingya refugees living in refugee camps Institution partnered to conduct particularly fertile environment for in Bangladesh. the event. Participants were from The April 26 transnational challenges workshop transnational terrorism. in New Delhi enabled professionals from South Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Depending on their assess- Asian nations to identify areas for cooperation to India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, ments of threats as well as avail- lesson these threats’ impacts. Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the United able resources, countries have Data sources: “U.S. State Department Country Reports: States. devised different strategies to deal South and Central Asia Overview 2015” and “CRS Report The workshop included people with these challenges. While some for Congress: Terrorism in South Asia 2004.” from diverse fields, including, nations have tried to manage their Workshop Demographics military, police, customs and im- borders unilaterally, others have - 40 participants migration, paramilitary organiza- sought the cooperation of their - Male: 75% / Female: 25% tions, and academia, and from neighbors. - Military: 12.5% Some countries have given pri- - Law Enforcement: 7.5% ministries for defense, home and - Civilian: 62.5% external affairs ority to security and hardened their - International: 82.5% / U.S.: 17.5% Despite a long period of eco- borders. However, with economies nomic growth, the region is home in the region increasingly integrat- 12 CURRENTS Spring 2016 ing and becoming interdependent with South Asian governments nity to examine the vital aspects of a consequent increase in trade and cross- political and economic integration of Building cooperation border flow of people, neighbors are face an array of complex the region and the obstacles that the opting for soft borders to facilitate the challenges...making region faces in furthering integration on cross-border threats greater circulation of goods and people. the region a particularly and border cooperation. Growth in intra-regional trade offers a fertile environment for Importantly, participants did strong imperative for the development not dwell too much upon nations’ of cross-border cooperation. transnational terrorism. divergences but worked to identify Through a combination of topical convergences and to bring to fore the presentations and group discussions, exchanges; and importance of trade and improving the workshop participants expanded the n Enhance information sharing to economic conditions of people across discourse on, and generated greater include regional exchanges. borders. momentum towards, regional coopera- The group also agreed that border In addition to identifying collabor- tion in South Asia to help build stronger management and security issues need ative initiatives, the group welcomed cross-border ties between the countries. greater attention from their respective the utility of bringing together the en- The group identified five areas of governments. tire sub-region, but cautioned that the potential cooperation in this arena: One workshop particpant said the key to success is operationalizing the n Leverage economic cooperation growing interconnectedness and in- ideas expressed in New Delhi. Note- opportunities along borders; terdependence between traditionally worthy, and by design, is the fact that siloed threat portfolios suggest that issues related to Pakistan-India did not n Continue dialogue to help re- “effectively addressing regional secu- dominate, with discussion of the chal- solve persistent disputes; rity and underdevelopment challenges lenges associated with South Asia’s n Make greater use of the South is key to preventing them from me- smaller nations rising to the fore. Asian Association for Regional Co- tastasizing into international security The event supported U.S. Pacific operation to enhance border coordina- challenges.” Command’s objective to build com- tion; As is often the case, borders are mon perspectives and enhance security n Streamline visa processing to fa- seen as a “hard security” challenge. sector governance capabilities among cilitate better commercial and cultural This workshop provided an opportu- nations in the Asia-Pacific region.

(Clockwise) Forty security professionals from nine South Asian nations and the United States gathered in India in April to evaluate challenges associated with transnational threats, including terrorism. Husanjot Chahal, with the Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies in New Delhi, leads the topical discussion “Border Management and Security: Regional Experiences.” DKI APCSS Dean Carleton Cramer (at right in photo) provides input to workshop discussions. Pictured at his left is Shyam Tekwani, DKI APCSS professor and the Center’s workshop manager.

www.apcss.org 13 Workshops

ooking to enhance en- date growing residential and ergy security through Japan, U.S. reps share business adoption of solar Lbilateral coopera- photovoltaic systems. The tion, 24 U.S. and Japanese group looked at how to ad- government, corporate, non- renewable energy ideas dress this and other issues profit and academic profes- cost-effectively while trying sionals gathered at the Dan- to integrate renewable en- iel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific ergy technology. Center for Security Studies Dr. George Ka’iliwai III, for a workshop March 21. U.S. Pacific Command’s DKI APCSS partnered director of resources and as- with the Sasakawa Peace sessment, briefed the group Foundation USA in conduct- on U.S. military alternative ing the event titled “The energy initiatives such as U.S., Japan, and the Future integrated PV systems at of Renewable Energy.” Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Participants explored oppor- Station, Hawaii, a solar PV tunities for the two nations farm at Nellis Air Force to develop, prioritize and Base, Nev., and testing or disseminate alternate energy use of wind, hydrogen and technologies as part of a fu- wave energy systems. ture energy mix. By day’s end, partici- “Both countries are un- pants identified potential ar- dergoing profound change in eas for cooperation and next these spheres, driven in the steps in the evolution of the U.S. by the shale gas revo- evolving U.S.-Japan partner- lution and in Japan by the ship in this arena. March 2011 events that led The March 21 event was to the shutdown of Japan’s comprised of representatives nuclear industry,” stated Dr. from Bloomberg New En- Jeffrey Hornung, Fellow ergy Finance, the Center for with Sasakawa USA’s Secu- Strategic and International rity and Foreign Affairs Pro- (Clockwise) Wataru Ikushima, with Japan’s Marubeni Corpora- Studies, Marubeni Corpora- gram. “Demand for energy tion, shares his perspective on alternative energy issues during tion, Japan Renewable Ener- has increased throughout a March 21 renewable energy workshop at DKI APCSS. Dr. gy Foundation, the National the world, which, in turn, Jeffrey Hornung, a Fellow with Sasakawa Peace Foundation Renewable Energy Labora- USA, served as the workshop’s lead facilitator. A DoD test site for gives rise to a host of asso- Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion was one of several renewable tory, Hawaii State Energy ciated problems, including energy initiatives spotlighted during the event. Office, and the University increased CO2 emissions, of Hawaii. Also represented competition for finite energy such interaction, it is hoped Renewables,” “Batteries and were Toshiba Corporation, sources and climate change. that existing barriers to co- Other Energy Storage Tech- the U.S. Energy Storage Hornung added, “Japan operation can be overcome nologies,” and “Smart Grids, Association, Alevo Energy, and the U.S. share a special and development of eco- Micro-grids and Distribu- Unienergy Technology, responsibility in this regard nomically viable renewable tion.” During the latter ses- Sumitomo Electric Indus- given their advanced tech- technology can be acceler- sion, Dr. Terry Surles, with tries Ltd., USPACOM, Ra- nologies and high proficien- ated.” the University of Hawaii, kuten Inc., the U.S. Embassy cy in science that together The event featured panel led the group’s discussion in Tokyo, Japan’s Ministry can help move economies discussions on “Policy, on challenges facing current of Economy, Trade and In- toward a greener, more sus- Production and Econom- power grids, particularly the dustry, and the Hawaii Elec- tainable, future. Through ics: Wind, Solar, and Other limited ability to accommo- tric Light Company. 14 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Beijing event focuses on climate change cooperation he Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center Tfor Security Stud- ies, in partnership with the Lanzhou Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted a multinational workshop titled “Improving Science and Security Col- laboration: Climate Change and Environmental Security in High Asia” in Beijing Nov. 3 to 6. This workshop brought together 30 security professionals, policy makers and scientists to explore the need for cross-sectoral collaboration to address the complex issues of climate change and its impacts on water and food security in mainland Asia. Security professionals attending the workshop (Clockwise) Thirty security professionals from 10 nations met in China Nov. 3 to 6 to evaluate issues were from Afghanistan, related to climate change. Dr. Scott Hauger, DKI APCSS professor, served as the Center’s workshop Bangladesh, China, India, manager, guiding participants, such as those pictured at left, in exploring opportunities for climate Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Ne- change collaboration. pal, Pakistan, Sweden, Ta- research and water security, enabled participants to ad- work together to address jikistan, the United States, desertification research and dress workshop objectives, these needs by collaborat- and from the U.N. Develop- food security, and extreme and propose and endorse 19 ing on several initiatives ment Programme. weather events and disaster specific ways to address the for the development and According to DKI relief. knowledge needs prerequi- dissemination of knowledge APCSS professor Dr. Scott Participants identified and best practices at the in- Hauger, the workshop ob- site to improving environ- four areas of common inter- tersection of climate-related jective was the “establish- mental security in Asia. est: mechanisms for devel- Attendees identified a research and environmental ment by participants of oping actionable knowledge regional need for actionable security. a continuing mechanism across science and security knowledge through employ- for information exchange sectors; enhanced creation between scientists and en- and dissemination of criti- ment of new systems for gineers and security profes- cal climate-related data to enhanced data creation and sionals in the Asia-Pacific the security sector; climate sharing, integrated climate region that substantially and environmental security and environmental security influence policy and opera- research; and regional ca- research, and regional shar- tions.” pability development and ing of expertise for capacity Topics presented at the cross-sector sharing of ex- development. workshop included glacier pertise. Breakout sessions Participants agreed to

www.apcss.org 15 Workshops Workshop enables nations to build education collaboration n an effort to advance regional cooperation in professional military Ieducation, the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Stud- ies facilitated a three-day workshop Jan 12 to 14. Titled, “Command and Staff Colleges in the Asia-Pacific: Next Steps Towards a Framework for Coop- eration,” the event brought together 28 participants from 11 nations representing 18 institutions from the region. Command and staff colleges provide mid-grade military officers with advanced skills and knowledge in lead- Twenty-eight participants from 11 nations took part in the Jan. 12 to 14 command and staff ership, communication and analytical colleges workshop at DKI APCSS. The group represented 18 education institutions. skills needed to succeed in higher command and staff appointments. These event with an emphasis on security group was formed comprising colleges colleges enhance the capacity of of- sector development and regional secu- from Brunei, the Philippines and New ficers to perform a range of demanding rity architecture. Dr. Rouben Azizian, Zealand, Massey University’s Centre duties at the strategic and operational director of Massey University’s Centre for Defence and Security Studies, and levels in the broad range of senior em- for Defence and Security Studies in DKI APCSS. ployments they encounter. New Zealand, addressed the importance The group will ensure continued “If we can foster sharing of best of including both concepts in profes- progress in this arena and advocate practices and a common approach to sional military education. “Military/ for inclusion of agreed-upon priorities curricula focused on critical areas, security education should reflect the in forums such as the ASEAN De- such as counterterrorism and disaster complexity of national and internation- fence Ministers Meeting Plus, annual response, we believe it will go a long al security environments and promote Chiefs of Defense Conference, and way in ultimately enhancing ASEAN’s a proactive and integrated way of ad- the ASEAN Regional Forum Heads collective capabilities in these areas,” dressing security challenges.” of Defence Universities, Colleges and said workshop manager Dr. Alfred In breakout sessions following Institutions Meeting. Oehlers. Azizian’s brief, participants considered “It (the workshop) was a major This workshop was the second of how their respective schools are prepar- move toward progress…we achieved its kind, with an earlier meeting held in ing their next generation of leaders to significant outcomes,” said Lt. Col. January last year. The outreach focuses contribute to their respective security Saiful-Akhmar Shariff, commandant on institutions within ASEAN along sectors and the regional security archi- of the Defence Academy, Royal Brunei with Australia, Japan, New Zealand tecture. Oehlers noted discussions rec- Armed Forces. According to Saiful, he and the United States. ognized the need to emphasize defense sees the group’s initiatives strengthen- DKI APCSS opened this year’s diplomacy and international exchanges ing the professionalism of the region’s — which lead to trust and mutual re- military forces while enhancing in- spect — while building a common edu- teroperability and building a more bal- cational framework and terminology to anced perspective of regional issues. better enable regional collaboration. Joining Saiful at this year’s work- The workshop closed with partici- shop were representatives from Cambo- pants agreeing to continue exploring dia, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myan- potential paths toward institutionalizing mar, New Zealand, the Philippines, the process of building CSC partner- Thailand, the United States, and Viet- ships. As part of this effort, a working nam. Australia participated via VTC.

16 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Topical Professors aid Indonesia in crafting maritime priorities n the interest of tion’s maritime infrastruc- strengthening mari- ture to support economic time security ties and political development.

I en.wikipedia.org between the Daniel K. “The workshop laid Inouye Asia-Pacific the foundation for follow- Center for Security Stud- on opportunities for DKI ies and Indonesia, DKI APCSS to support Indo- APCSS professors Kerry nesia’s objectives in this Lynn Nankivell and Bill area,” said Nankivell, one Wieninger traveled to that of DKI APCSS’ foremost country in December for maritime security special- workshop support and ists. meetings with alumni and “Ultimately, it should U.S. embassy staff. contribute to a stronger bilateral relationship with Attending the Dec. 3 DKI APCSS professors traveled to Jakarta, Indonesia, in December to assist to 4 “Workshop on Stra- that nation in shaping maritime strategies for the Indian Ocean. Indonesia is the United States and tegic Issues in the Indian chairman of the Indian Ocean Rim Association. strengthen security in a Ocean” in Bali, the two maritime region vital to time domain awareness and breakout groups challenged global trade.” joined 56 Indonesian par- cooperation, and strengthen- to shape recommended pri- Beyond the workshop, ticipants for discussions on ing Indonesian interagency orities for Indonesia’s IORA issues associated with Indo- coordination for maritime chairmanship. Nankivell and Wieninger nesia’s chairmanship of the security. The event, conducted met with Indonesia alumni Indian Ocean Rim Associa- Nankivell led two plena- by Indonesia’s Coordinat- to discuss expanded engage- tion. Objectives included ry sessions, presenting briefs ing Ministry for Maritime ment opportunities with developing protocols to titled “Strategic Develop- Affairs, was designed to DKI APCSS. Indonesia combat illegal fishing, craft- ments in the Indian Ocean,” assist implementation of In- continues to be a valuable ing an IO treaty of coopera- and “Non-traditional Issues donesia’s “Global Maritime contributing partner to the tion modeled after ASEAN, in the Indian Ocean.” Both Fulcrum” vision. This effort Center’s programs, both in increasing regional mari- she and Wieninger each led seeks to strengthen the na- Honolulu and in Indonesia.

Faculty member addresses evolution of regional security Dr. Christopher Snedden trav- seminar Feb. 22 to 23. The seminar time reach; and Pakistan’s more eled to Pakistan Feb. 21 to March 3 was titled “Trans-regional Stability robust focus on internal issues to to provide perspective on regional and Security: Imperatives of Change.” include economic development security issues with defense and Snedden briefed participants re- and managing its extremist popu- diplomatic audiences. Snedden is a garding political and economic moves lations. faculty member with the Daniel K. comprised of: the U.S. “rebalance” to Snedden also presented four Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Se- Asia; Russia’s increasing emphasis on other lectures for U.S. Embassy curity Studies and a resident expert its maritime Far East region; China’s staff and members of Pakistan’s on South Asia. look west to Eurasia and Southwest Ministry of Foreign Affairs in At Pakistan’s National Defence Asia; India’s “Act East” policy em- Lahore and Islamabad. Each cen- University, he presented a lecture on phasizing relations with Southeast tered on Pakistan-India relation- what he calls six “pivots” by major Asia, Oceania and the United States; ship issues to include disputes over Asia-Pacific players during an NDU Japan’s growing emphasis on mari- water and the Kashmir region.

www.apcss.org 17 Topical Regional Centers colloborate on anti-terror education

By Shyam Tekwani Pictured (at left) are professors from three Assoc. Professor, DKI APCSS U.S. security studies centers who provided terrorism-associated lectures at the George ince the events of September C. Marshall Center in March. Among them is 2001, it is now a truism that the DKI APCSS professor Shyam Tekwani (left of threat of terrorism will always center). The Honolulu-based DKI APCSS (top S left) and Marshall Center in Germany (top persist. And with every new terrorist right) provide Fellows an enhanced under- attack, new generations of terrorists standing of terrorism and how to combat it. expand their body of knowledge to enhance their lethality and longevity. First, a multidisciplinary cross- and attract participants from all corners While terrorism is an age-old cultural education is crucial to counter- of the globe. threat, its study as a specialized branch ing terrorism, since security measures Both build a network of security pro- of knowledge is relatively nascent. do not succeed alone. Terrorism is both fessionals dedicated to combating ter- Throughout the world, we are relying complex and emotive. It is complex rorism by helping countries successfully on a highly educated force of coun- because it combines so many different cooperate in this global struggle. This terterrorism professionals to succeed; aspects of human experience, including has further led to increased collabora- they are guided by lessons learned subjects such as politics, psychology, tion and support between the Centers. from the field and by training received philosophy, poetry, military strategy, Beginning in July 2014, participants in our classrooms. Today, there is a and history, to name a few. from over 45 countries who graduate from proliferation of counterterrorism pro- Secondly, the threat is global and the GCMC’s counterterrorism course — grams across learning centers and uni- effectively countering the adversary the Program for Terrorism and Security versities worldwide. requires global cooperation. We must Studies — and DKI APCSS’s Compre- As educators, we face the daunting understand that our actions are often hensive Security Response to Terrorism task of educating a new generation of constrained by national thinking; it is course benefit from a joint-teaching ven- counterterrorism professionals to move essential, therefore, to have larger and ture between the Centers. beyond traditional reactive tactics and comparative perspectives on address- I personally have engaged annually take the initiative against dedicated, ing the challenges — we need a global with the Marshall Center, travelling skillful, and creative adversaries. team against a global threat. there to provide lectures and lead semi- Over the last 15 years, lessons from In that spirit, the George C. Mar- nar sessions. I’ve shared DKI APCSS the Global War on Terrorism have shall Center for European Studies and philosophies and techniques while been distilled for the new security en- Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center integrating lessons learned from the vironment. This has led to new roles for Security Studies – sister DoD or- Marshall Center in my Center’s CSRT and expectations for counterterrorism ganizations – conduct similar counter- course. practitioners that require new forms terrorism courses, both are four-week Encouraged by such exchanges and of education in trying to understand resident programs that support increas- appreciating the need for greater team- the non-kinetic dimensions of today’s ing emphasis on transnational threats work, the Centers are now exploring ad- conflicts. and challenges. ditional ways to further strengthen and Among the many critical lessons The courses are designed for a wide deepen their collaborative relationship gleaned from this long struggle, two variety of mid-level security profes- in an effort to strengthen global capac- form the core of all learning. sionals involved in counterterrorism ity to combat terrorism.

18 CURRENTS Spring 2016 India event addresses terrorist social media use By Dr. Christopher Harmon Studies, several participants Professor, DKI APCSS offered a near-opposite rec- ozens of experts ommendation on the third in security affairs and last day. Rather than gathered in New creating new bureaucracies D or imagining that partner Delhi, India, in late Febru- ary to examine challenges nations could or would posed by “unconventional” agree to one capital taking and “sub-conventional” a controlling lead, these conflicts. India’s Centre conferees asked for greater for Land Warfare Studies energy, diversity and imagi- organized the event, which nation. They advised a included discussions on ter- multiplicity of better efforts, rorists’ exploitation of social especially by thoughtful media, such as YouTube and Muslims, to rebut Al Qaeda Twitter. and ISIL on-line messaging. Senior active and retired Families, advisors, cler- military officers from the Some participants advised a ics, teachers, and other Indian armed services and multiplicity of better efforts, moderate forces are speak- delegates from Trinidad, especially by thoughtful ing out, and they should be encouraged and have their Israel, Canada, and the Muslims, to rebut Al Qaeda voices amplified by govern- United States were among and ISIL on-line messaging. those gathering to deliber- ments where appropriate. ate and share insights. They A “whole-of-society” ap- focused on topics such as widely on social media courts/recruits individuals proach would be ideal but it extremists’ financing, state platforms, while at the same by name. cannot be closely scripted, support for terrorists and time, using focused mes- Social media gives several panelists noted. the rise of Boko Haram in sages — dozens per day at groups worldwide access to Such a conclusion Africa. Several of the for- some times — to appeal potential fighters. Accord- brought home the difference mal papers presented — and to various demographics. ing to the U.N. Counter- between classical military much discussion — focused They create human net- Terrorism Committee, so- operations in conventional on the “new media” issue works and parallel cyber cial media have been a help war and the struggle of and what responsible parties networks, communicating to ISIL recruiters—whose ideas now going on against could do about it. directly and recruiting wide- diverse efforts have col- terrorists. For sober and Panelists generally ly. In the case of ISIL, their lected a “global pool” of ap- moderate principles, such agreed that social media ex- propaganda trumpets mili- proximately 25,000 foreign as “rule of law” and “civil ploitation is exemplary of a tary victories, makes note fighters from more than 100 society” to prevail, good larger pattern and problem: of “martyrdom” attacks, ad- states. work must come from many governments are unattract- vertises “internal cleansing” Faced with this new hands and many minds. ive to some audiences, and of ideological kinds, cites form of ideological war- There is much to be done. they are less effective in the reasons for punishment of fare, some study groups Harmon’s paper at the cyber arena than are some some individuals under might default to calling for CLAWS conference in New insurgent and terror groups, ISIL control, and reiterates a single line-of-march, an Delhi concerned themes including the Islamic State themes from leaders’ radio appeal for a “synchronized for public diplomacy which in Iraq and the Levant, and addresses. Simultaneously, approach” by governments. could suit numerous coali- Al Qaeda. the organization makes indi- And some have. But at the tion partners and the United ISIL is “broadcasting” vidualized threats and also Centre for Land Warfare States.

www.apcss.org 19 FEATURE

he Asia-Pacific region provides a vital maritime thruway for global commerce. Freedom In the last six months, Tof movement and enforcement of international DKI APCSS focused two law in this thruway is critical to worldwide economic growth and stability. workshops on a topic of vital Case in point, nearly 30 percent of the world’s maritime trade transits the South China Sea annu- importance in the Asia-Pacific ally, including approximately $1.2 trillion in ship- borne trade bound for the United States. Eight of the region and globally. That topic world’s 10 busiest container ports are in the region, and roughly two-thirds of the world’s oil shipments is.... pass through the Indian Ocean en route to the Pacific Ocean. Fish and mineral resources in Asia-Pacific waters fuel local and national livelihoods. The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Se- curity Studies conducted a pair of workshops this year to address the region’s maritime security challenges and support regional nations’ increased emphasis on building international cooperative capacity for shared maritime domain awareness. MARITIME SECURITY

Building a common understanding U.S. Navy Academic and defense education leaders from 12 nations gathered at DKI APCSS Feb. 3 to 5 to brain- storm a path toward creation of a formal maritime security cooperation course. The “Maritime Security Cooperation: Engagement through Education” workshop served as the first step in developing a curriculum that will facilitate a common understanding of terms, capabilities, issues and national perspectives in this arena. “Though Asia has always been a maritime region by geography, it has not always been maritime-oriented in its approach to security,” noted Kerry Lynn Nankivell, DKI APCSS associate professor and work- Nankivell added there is unanimous recognition in shop academic lead. “The world is changing, and the region that maritime security is central to economic Asian governments are reevaluating the importance prosperity, the security of borders and trade, and regional of both their maritime capacities and their maritime relationships. partnerships. In the educational dimension, our work- Workshop participants strove to meet two objectives: shop was part of this ongoing reevaluation of where recommend key themes for educational engagements on we stand as a maritime community and where we maritime security and identify effective, field-appropriate ought to go next.” teaching methods.

20 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Participants agreed that educational programs should focus on participant-centered learning to include use of case studies and emphasizing crisis management, decision making, strategy development and strategic communications. And, programs should develop awareness of current regional capabilities to assist practitioners in evaluating their own organizations in the regional context. “I think we went a long way in the space of three days to help the (DKI APCSS) staff develop a curriculum,” said Dr. James Boutilier, international engagement advisor for Canada’s Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters. Boutilier, a DKI APCSS alumnus of the Senior Executive Course (SEC 99-1), said the group evaluated how to best educate mid-level professionals to be more effective in dealing with maritime security challenges, which are both traditional and increasingly non-traditional in terms of transnational sea crime. MARITIME SECURITY Gloria Jumamil-Mercado, with the Development ...continued on next page

(Left) Dr. Thi Lan Anh Nguyen, Supporting U.S. DoD Strategy with the Diplomatic Academy of DKI APCSS’ maritime security educa- Vietnam, shares her personal tion programs support the U.S. Depart- perspective on maritime secu- ment of Defense’s Asia-Pacific Maritime rity education during a February Security Strategy. The strategy outlines 3 to 5 workshop at DKI APCSS. four lines of effort to preserve regional (Right) Twenty-eight academic security: and defense leaders took part in the February event to craft a path n Strengthening military capacity to toward a formal maritime security deter conflict and coercion, and respond course that will help develop com- decisively when needed; mon understanding of Asia-Pacif- n Work together with allies and partners in the region to ic maritime issues. build their capacity to address potential challenges in their In this context, they discussed best practices gleaned waters and across the region; from established professional maritime security education n Leverage military diplomacy to build greater trans- offerings. parency, reduce the risk of miscalculation or conflict, and They also explored priority education needs based on promote shared maritime “rules of the road;” and perspectives of participants from each of the nations repre- n Work to strengthen regional security institutions and sented. Participants looked at key maritime threats and risks encourage the development of an open and effective re- to include piracy, terrorism, environmental damage, smug- gional security architecture. gling and trafficking, and the consequences each bring.

www.apcss.org 21 Feature

Academy of the Philippines, added Mercado and Boutilier were falls most heavily on Asia … demand that she “savored” everything that among 28 representatives from is growing there faster than anywhere was discussed, primarily because Australia, Canada, India, Indonesia, else in the world, and, the region is “I’m about to open a maritime secu- Japan, Republic of Korea, Malay- home to the world’s most important rity course for the Coast Guard in my sia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and profitable fish industry.” country. The board decided to hold it Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the United Nankivell added that fishing’s eco- for a month until I finished this work- States. nomic impact is huge with 10 to 12 shop to enrich (our) program, and I percent of the world’s population — think we did.” Focus on IUU fishing roughly 800 million people — tied to Nankivell related she was humbled the fishing industry. Thus, associated With an emphasis on sustain- by the number of DKI APCSS part- demand and profitability drive a large ing vital fish resources in Southeast ners and friends in the region that number of small and large fishery ac- Asian waters, 46 professionals from took part to help inform the Center’s tors that, according to Nankivell, pres- approach to capacity building and en- 11 nations took part in a May 16 to 19 ent Southeast Asia with interesting gagement around maritime issues. workshop at DKI APCSS. enforcement and policy management “Our programs are always enriched Titled “Building Maritime Shared problems. IUU costs nations millions through the feedback of our stake- Awareness in Southeast Asia 2,” the in legal revenues and contributes to holders in the U.S. and in the region. workshop’s intent was to build infor- depletion of fish supplies. Our leadership and faculty will take mation sharing processes and frame- Workshop participants gathered the insights gained from this work- works among policy makers, and en- this week to explore processes related shop and integrate them into our wider forcement and defense officials tasked to maritime domain awareness that maritime program.” with ensuring legal and sustainable can help manage the challenge. Mercado, an alumna of the Ad- use of the region’s ocean resources. They analyzed contributing fac- vanced Security Cooperation course This week’s event focused on building tors to IUU fishing; evaluated how to (ASC 14-1) said she believes DKI nations’ shared awareness capacity to leverage proven data-gathering and APCSS is the proper institution to combat illegal, unregulated and unre- sharing technologies and practices; build cooperation in maritime secu- ported fishing. and identified first steps to improve rity. “I’ve seen it work in the ASC… “In the last 50 years, global de- regional coordination. you actually build a community — or mand for fish product has just about As part of the process, participants maybe a family — that understands a tripled, and people are demanding divided into teams to glean lessons common language in security coop- double the amount of fish for personal learned from plenary topics and two eration.” consumption,” said Nankivell. “This case studies. The studies spotlighted

Professionals from 12 nations participated in the February “Maritime Security Coopera- tion: Engagement through Education” workshop.

22 CURRENTS Spring 2016 mation-sharing structure; n Implement multilateral trust- and capacity-building measures, such as meetings and exercises; n Standardize processes, data and terms associated with vessel tracking and reporting; and

U.N. University n Educate fishing communities about their legal obligations. Nankivell related that country team “In the last 50 years, global reports “reminded us of all the work demand for fish product has that needs to get done; work that will just about tripled...This falls get done through cooperative efforts and through the enthusiasm demon- most heavily on Asia. Demand strated here to improve shared aware- is growing there faster than ness in our maritime community.” The event was the second iteration anywhere in the world...” of DKI APCSS’ “Building Maritime - Assoc. Professor Kerry Lynn Nankivell Shared Awareness” workshop in support of U.S. Pacific Command’s ongo- sea vessel tracking and reporting Philippines Department of National ing maritime mandate. The workshop processes conducted by the Pacific Defense, said “We achieved agree- provided both an opportunity to re- Islands Fishing Forum Fisheries ment over some common things…it’s view progress over the last year in the Agency and the North Pacific Coast a beginning point. While this may not ASEAN region on MDA issues and to Guard Forum. Both represented best be perfect, we’re moving towards the continue the regional dialogue started practices from outside Southeast objective (of) shared MDA and all the in May last year. Asia in terms of coordinated opera- positive things we can do to (build) Participants for this second itera- tions and decision-making enabled cooperation in the region.” tion hailed from Brunei, Cambodia, by maritime domain awareness. Among commonalities detailed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Roy Deveraturda, assistant team reports were the need to: Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the secretary for plans and programs, n Institutionalize a regional infor- United States, and Vietnam.

Security practitioners from nine ASEAN nations, the United States and Australia partcipated in the May “Building Maritime Shared Awareness in Southeast Asia II” workshop.

www.apcss.org 23 Faculty publications

DKI APCSS faculty members wrote the fol- acceleration of civilian and military Shifting Geo-politics in lowing articles and papers in their capacity as infrastructure development in the subject matter experts. The views expressed in Pacific Islands will enhance China’s the Greater South Asia these articles are those of the authors alone. ability to sustain its naval power and Region All listed writings are available on-line. maritime law enforcement presence “Shifting Geo-politics in the throughout the South China Sea. Greater South Asia Region” is Maritime Maneuvers The full article is available at the latest analytical report by Dr. Signal Turbulence for http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/01/ Christopher Snedden, maritime-maneuvers-signal-turbu- a professor with the South China Sea lence-for-south-china-sea/. Daniel K. Inouye In this special guest post on Global Asia-Pacific Center Risk Insights, Dr. Mohan Malik, for Security Studies. looks at how the Solving Long Division: The report collapse of the The Geopolitical serves as a primer Chinese stock mar- Implications of Korean on the greater ket and landing of South Asia region, commercial flights Unification which is home to on one of China’s Dr. Van Jackson coauthored a 1.7 billion people. It covers man-made islands report titled “Solving Long Division: important historic events, econom- in the South China The Geopolitical Implications of Ko- ic achievements, interactions with Sea in the first rean Unification,” published by the each other and with the United week of 2016 bring forth new chal- Center for a New American Security. States and China, as well as future According to CNAS, the report trends and possibilities. lenges for the year ahead. Malik writes in his post “Maritime “examines a host of issues posed While fractious, one of the big- by unification — including nuclear gest challenges and greatest oppor- maneuvers signal turbulence for South weapons and tunities in this region is to develop China Sea,” that despite China’s eco- deterrence, the a strong, economically unified nomic slowdown, Beijing is unlikely U.S.-Korea alli- South Asia. to be restrained and accommodating of ance, and relations To achieve this, writes Sned- others’ interests in 2016. between the coun- den, “the nations of South Asia He states, “The international need to move beyond mistrust and court’s verdict on the Philippines’ tries in Northeast old paradigms, and engage with case against China on the legality of Asia — and offers each other in meaningful and mu- Beijing’s nine-dash line that forms the key findings to tually beneficial ways.” basis of Beijing’s claim to 80 percent inform how policy Snedden states that, while lack- of the South China Sea is expected in makers should prepare for unification ing coherency, South Asia is never- the summer of 2016. on the Korean Peninsula. The authors theless important. “It has the potential to not only note that the aim of this report is not to “Its population alone makes further polarize the region, resulting in debate unification but to further con- this region significant: in 2014, joint freedom of navigation operations, sider its geopolitical implications.” there were almost 1.7 billion South but also to encourage other claimants Other authors were Patrick M. Cro- Asians. While many of them con- such as Vietnam and Indonesia to file nin, Elbridge Colby, Richard Fontaine, front development challenges, each their own SCS-related cases.” David Eunpyoung Jee, and Hannah South Asian nation is enjoying Malik adds that the return to power Suh. some form of democracy and eco- of the pro-independence Democratic The report’s introduction states, nomic growth.” Progressive Party in Taiwan at a time “South Korean President Park Geun- The document is available on- of prolonged economic stagnation hye has contended that unification line at http://apcss.org/wp-content/ could reignite nationalist passions for could be a ‘bonanza’ for the Korean uploads/2016/04/Snedden-SouthA- external distractions, which the author people. Others are far less sanguine, sia-2016-revised-format.pdf. calls a combustible mix. and predictions about unification sce- The author also notes that Chinese narios often run a narrow gamut be- 24 CURRENTS Spring 2016 tween instability and calamity.” Nankivell relates how the authors’ region deeply entrenched in patriar- The full report is available at http:// dialogue can teach about the relation- chal norms and traditions. www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/ ship between law and geopolitics in According to an HSRC Press sum- publications-pdf/Korean%20Unifica- the South China Sea disputes. mary, the book highlights the need tion%20151204%20final.pdf. This opinion piece is avail- for conceptualizing gender as a social Jackson also recently published his able online at http://thediplomat. structure in policy construction. latest book, titled Rival Reputations: com/2015/12/the-strategist-the-law- For more information about the Coercion and Credibility in US-North yer-and-the-south-china-sea/. book, go to http://hsrcpress.bookslive. Korea Relations. Jackson offers a co.za/blog/2015/11/04/approaches-to- look at the history of U.S.-North Ko- Egyptian Women as gender-and-empowerment-in-africa- rean affairs from the 1960s through examined-in-deconstructing-women- 2010. More information on the book Catalysts of Change in peace-and-security/. is available at http://apcss.org/dr-van- the Arab Spring jackson-publishes-book-on-us-north- Dr. Saira Yamin contributed a Offsetting the Impacts korea-relations-2/. chapter in a new book titled Decon- structing Women, Peace and Security. of Emerging Critical The Strategist, the The book, edited by Sandra Chel- Technologies Lawyer and the South delin and Martha Mutisi, and pub- Dr. Virginia Bacay-Watson has lished by HSRC China Sea contributed a chapter to the new Press, offers a book “Emerging Critical Technolo- Kerry Lynn Nankivell recently critical review and gies and Security in the Asia-Pacif- wrote an Op/Ed titled “The Strategist, analysis of several ic.” gender-based efforts the Lawyer and the South China Sea” According to the publisher’s ab- for The Diplomat. implemented since stract, the book looks at how “the In the article, she compares an 2000, including em- proliferation of advanced militarily exchange by two leading experts in powerment policies, relevant technologies in the Asia-Pa- South China Sea disputes: Dr. Sam strategies and an in- cific over the past Bateman, a retired commodore with depth study of four particular cases. few decades has the Royal Australian Navy, and U.S. Yamin’s chapter is titled “Egyptian been a significant, Navy Cmdr. Jona- Women as Catalysts of Change in the and perhaps even than Odom, former Arab Spring.” oceans policy ad- She addresses how women’s politi- alarming, develop- visor in the Office cal activism in the 2011 Arab Spring ment. This volume of the Secretary inspired a wave of popular uprisings addresses how of Defense and in opposition to protracted authoritar- such technologies current military ian rule in the Middle East and North may affect military capabilities and professor at the Africa, stirring debate about their military advantage in the region.” Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center impact on social and political change, Watson’s chapter is entitled “Off- for Security Studies. and gender relations. setting the Impacts of Emerging Nankivell writes that “Odom and According to Yamin, “Although Critical Technologies” and focuses Bateman make an important contribu- the Arab Spring has created new crises on how nations can offset the high tion to understanding the circumstance in the Middle East and North Africa costs of technology. unfolding in the South China Sea, region, it also presents many opportu- The book, edited by former though their arguments only relate to nities for democratization and gender DKI APCSS associate professor each other indirectly. This failure to equitable human development.” Richard Bitzinger, is published communicate reflects the shrinking Using Egypt as a microcosm, the by Palgrave MacMillan and is space for dialogue in the U.S.-China chapter examines how women posi- available for purchase online at: relationship itself, which sometimes tion themselves as political players, http://www.palgrave.com/us/ rehearses the same arguments.” activists and catalysts of change in a book/9781137461278#aboutBook.

www.apcss.org 25 Alumni Impacts Myanmar alumnus plays key role in nation’s safe elections Fellows Project helps included establishing local, regional and national com- enhance security plan; mand centers to systemati- brings police officer cally control police move- Alumnus of Year award ments while providing flex- ibility as situations evolved. olice Col. Zaw San, The police officer also an alumnus of the implemented practices Comprehensive Crisis gleaned from “Whole of P Society” and “Inclusion” Management course (CCM 15-1), played a key role in lectures. Myanmar’s ability to con- “I didn’t think about duct nearly violence-free working with civil soci- elections in November. ety before I came to DKI The colonel briefed his APCSS, because civil or- contribution to 120 Fellows ganizations and Myanmar attending CCM 16-1 at the police forces have had an Daniel K. Inouye Asia- adversarial relationship in Pacific Center for Security the past.” Studies Feb. 22. Following He related, however, the Zaw San’s brief, Center Di- Center’s whole-of-society rector retired Lt. Gen. Dan emphasis motivated him to Leaf presented the colonel promote cooperation with with DKI APCSS’ Alumnus such organizations, leading of the Year Award for 2015. to successful partnerships in Zaw San served on a securing voting stations. Myanmar team tasked to Zaw San noted that he develop the nation’s security experienced a level of orga- plan designed to ensure a nizational resistance when safe and democratic vote. attempting to implement Myanmar’s 2015 elec- changes, but said, “I over- Voice Voice of America tions were the nation’s first came resistance by explain- fully participatory vote- Myanmar Police Col. Zaw San speaks with DKI APCSS faculty ing to my supervisors that casting at the national level members Dr. Miemie Byrd (right) and U.S. Air Force Lt. Col Danny I developed my proposal Makalena following his presentation to 120 Comprehensive Crisis since the military turned Management course (CCM 16-1) Fellows Feb. 22. His security plan while at DKI APCSS. The over control to civilian au- helped ensure safety for millions of Myanmar residents voting in a Center’s reputation provid- thorities in 2010. Since that landmark national election in November. ed tremendous credibility to time, the country has expe- my proposals.” rienced sectarian and ethnic attendance, but he made im- challenges for election se- The result of the colo- tensions, leading at times to proving it part of his course curity: logistics and budget nel’s work and that of outbreaks of violence. Ten- Fellows Project. problems, processes that Myanmar’s security ap- sions caused many inside “I decided to use it as an are too centralized, and an paratus was that millions and outside Myanmar to fear opportunity to re-evaluate inadequate number of spe- of Myanmar citizens safely this year’s election would the plan by applying DKI cial police personnel.” voted in their first freely not be a peaceful one. APCSS’ problem-solving The colonel developed elected national government Zaw San said the na- model. As I worked through nine supplemental actions — headed by the National tion’s security plan was the process, I was able to to weave into Myanmar’s League for Democracy — crafted prior to his CCM identify three key additional security approach. These in more than five decades.

26 CURRENTS Spring 2016 CCM alum works to enhance disaster management in Pakistan hazia Haris, an alumna of the Appearing on Pakistani TV with Comprehensive Crisis Manage- the chairman of Pakistan’s National Sment course (CCM 15-1), is Disaster Management Authority, helping Pakistan enhance its approach ERRA directors general and various to disaster management. community leaders, Haris empha- Haris is a media advisor for Paki- sized the need for close interagency stan’s Earthquake, Reconstruction and collaboration as well as for leverag- Rehabilitation Authority. As part of ing the talents and experiences of her CCM Fellows Project, she’s ac- women in disaster management op- tively advocating inclusion of women erations. in her nation’s security sector and for “It is important to educate better communication in post-earth- women; there is a need for more and quake operations. more women in security and disaster Pakistan is especially vulnerable management who would be highly “My hope is that it will to deadly quakes. An October 2005 qualified to put forward innovative contribute to greater ideas when handling conflicts and event north of Islamabad killed 73,000 earthquake resiliency people, injured 128 million and left emergencies.” 3.5 million people homeless. A re- Haris said she believes human for the region.” security and disaster management cent quake, centered in Afghanistan, Shazia Haris on her authorship of a caused at least 214 deaths in Paki- are closely tied, and social and eco- 22-page handbook (below) that pro- stan’s northern mountainous region. nomic development are key to ef- vides a common point of reference for Haris’ efforts in this field include fective disaster management. She disaster-related terms. authoring a 22-page handbook titled credited her time at the Daniel K. “Averting Communication Disaster: Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Se- Promoting an Inclusive Approach to curity Studies as the catalyst for her Disaster Management.” Published by current work. the U.N. online at Prevention Web, the “The intellectual discussions document explains more than 80 terms in my seminars and interactions at commonly used in post-earthquake APCSS helped build my confidence and reconstruction phases by media and gain a strong belief in the pos- and disaster management officials. sible success of my project. As a The handbook defines such terms as result of my participation in CCM, “Earthquake Swarm” and “Environ- upon my return to Pakistan, I was mental Degradation” in English and in able to emphasize that an inclusive Urdu, Pakistan’s native language. approach to disaster management is “The booklet provides a common a security imperative for Pakistan.” reference for media and disaster man- Haris is a clinical psychologist agers, and should improve their ability whose work focuses on post-disaster to communicate with each other and reconstruction and rehabilitation, me- with disaster-impacted populations,” dia management and development of said Haris. “My hope is that it will communication strategies. She ex- contribute to greater earthquake resil- tensively interacts with international iency for the region.” organizations such as the U.N. The alumna has also appeared She’s earned commendations for on 15 television programs to discuss her work from the prime ministers disaster-related issues, to include in- of Pakistan, and Azad Jammu and terviews with BBC and Turkish TV. Kashmir.

www.apcss.org 27 Alumni Impacts Alumna crafts DKI APCSS-inspired course in Philippines An alumna of the Advanced Secu- rity Cooperation course (ASC 15-2) has used her ASC experience to expand security education for university students in Manila, Philippines. Dr. Charmaine Misalucha, an associate professor with De La Salle University’s international studies department, developed and introduced a new “Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific” course. She offers it as an elective to senior undergraduate students in the school’s European studies program. The course introduces students to traditional and non-traditional security challenges in the Asia-Pacific region and how to cooperate in addressing them. Misalucha said she modeled Dr. Charmaine Misalucha instructs students in negotiation skills at De La Salle University in her teaching methods and curriculum the Philippines. Misalucha, an alumna of the Advanced Security Cooperation course (ASC on the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific 15-2), implemented an ASC-like course for senior undergraduate students. Center for Security Studies system of ment. In Module 2, plenary discus- well as two negotiation exercises. The “education through engagement and sions focus on major security issues. final negotiation is the course’s cap- empowerment.” Module 3 offers an in-depth look at stone and challenges students to work DKI APCSS faculty encourage Fel- regional cooperation mechanisms through a major climate change issue lows to drive discussion and to share and attempts to address security chal- while representing various simulated their knowledge and expertise with lenges. Module 4 enables students to government agencies. one another. apply their new knowledge and skills According to Misalucha, she de- Misalucha said, “If I step back and in a final negotiation exercise. signed and shaped the course in the give my students space to be them- The course offers topical lectures, short time between ASC completion in selves and never hesitate to ask ques- such as “Introduction to Security October and introduction in January. tions, they’ll learn something new, Cooperation,” “Overview of the Asia- In the long-term, she stated she will be perhaps from a different perspective.” Pacific and U.S. Role in the Region,” able to implement improvements and “International Maritime Legal Archi- evolve the curriculum to be more in- “If I step back and give tecture,” and “Regional Security Ar- line with the abilities of undergraduate my students space to chitecture,” and moves to overviews students in the Philippines. of sub-regions such as Northeast Asia Thus far, she’s found the new pro- be themselves and and Oceania. It also includes lectures gram a success. “This is, by far, my never hesitate to ask in civil-military relations, maritime favorite class to teach. I’ve never seen and border security, climate change, students so engaged and so eager to questions, they’ll learn and disaster risk reduction and re- learn.” something new... sponse in the region. Misalucha has a Ph.D. in interna- The two-month program is interac- tional relations from Nanyang Tech- The course consists of four modules tive in that it features several exer- nological University in Singapore, and with Module 1 introducing students to cises that make up 30 percent of the her areas of specialization are U.S.- the security framework and terminology course. These include writing assign- Southeast Asia relations, ASEAN and related to the region’s security environments and a causal loop exercise as regionalism in the Asia-Pacific.

28 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Alumni News Alumni Associations - Ken Sosavoeun, CS 04-2, was promoted Afghanistan PROMOTIONS to lieutenant general. He commands the American Samoa National Centre for Peacekeeping Force, Australia mine ERW clearance. Bangladesh BANGLADESH Bhutan Cambodia* - Md. Shafiqul Ahmed, ASC 14-2, was INDIA Cameroon promoted to joint secretary, Ministry of De- - Rajeev Sirohi, CCM 08-2, was promot- Canada fence. ed to major general. Chile China - Mahbub Hasan, CSRT 14-1, was promot- - Amit Sharma, CSRT 08-1, was pro- Colombia ed as superintendent of Police. He is work- moted to colonel. Comoros ** ing for the U.N. Mission in South Sudan. Cook Islands - Vijay Chafekar, ASC 13-1, was pro- Fiji moted to inspector general. Guam BRUNEI Hong Kong India - Othman Suhaily, TSC 15-1, was pro- INDONESIA Indonesia moted to captain and assigned as deputy - Adrian Wattimena, EC 02-3 and Iraq commander of the Brunei Navy. He also Japan CSRT 06-3, was promoted to air vice Jordan organized the initial planning conference for marshal and appointed as corps com- Kazakhstan the Ex Mahi Tangaroa Exercise 2016. mander of Indonesian Air Force Special Lao PDR Forces. Lebanon CAMBODIA Madagascar** - Johni Asadoma, ASC 10-1, was pro- Malaysia - David Sorithyka Meach, ASC 13-1 and moted as police brigadier general and ap- Maldives CSRT 14-1, was promoted to major general pointed head of the International Mission Marshall Islands Mauritius** and assigned as deputy director of central Bureau. Micronesia security of the National Police. ...continued on next page Mongolia Mozambique Myanmar Nepal New Zealand Pakistan Palau Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Republic of Korea Russia & Far East Russia Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Visiting Korea Vanuatu DKI APCSS Director retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf (left of center) and Foreign Policy Advisor Vietnam Brent Christensen (second from right) are pictured with DKI APCSS alumni from Korea dur- U.S. (D.C. & Hawaii) ing the pair’s strategic recruiting and engagement visit to Koreaj and Japan in March. * Informal group ** Joint alumni association with the Africa Center

www.apcss.org 29 Alumni news

KIRIBATI - Maj. Gen. (Ret) Richard Blanch- ette, TSC 10-2, established and is in - Beretitara Neeti, CCM 16-1, was POSITION CHANGES charge of a security consultant com- promoted to inspector and appointed pany, RVB Securi-T. commander of the police planning BANGLADESH unit. - Masudur Rahman, ASC 09-1, has CHILE MALAYSIA been posted as the director general for - Capt. (Ret) Francisco Fierro, EC West and Central Asia in the Ministry 05-1j, is the senior security manager - Hasan bin Ali, EC 02-3, was pro- of Foreign Affairs. for the DHL supply chain in Argen- moted to brigadier general and is - Commander Mohammad Habib tina and Chile. attending the Thailand National De- ul Alam, ASC 15-2, earned the Presi- fense College. dent Coast Guard Medal from the FIJI - Ganesh Navaratnam, EC 06-2, was minister of Home Affairs for his con- - Auta Moceisuva, ASC 09-2, was promoted to first admiral. tribution to reducing criminal activi- appointed team leader, child protec- ties in Chittagong Port Authority. tion officer, U.N. Mission in South MYANMAR - Tahmid Mustafa Masum, CCM Sudan. - Zaw Moe Than, ASC 14-3, was 14-1, was transferred to the Ministry promoted as police brigadier general of Public Administration. HONDURAS in charge of training for the Myanmar - Ashud Ahmed, TSC 13-2, was ap- - Gen. Rene Ponce, CSRT 15-1, was Police Force. pointed ambassador to Qatar. appointed commander of the Hondu- ran Army. NEPAL - Lt. Col. Md. Saif Ullah, CSRT 15-1, was appointed assistant military sec- HONG KONG - Dr. Rajib Subba, CCM 13-1, was retary to the Honorable Prime Minis- - Steven Wordsworth, CSRT 10-1, promoted to deputy inspector general ter of Bangladesh. of police and appointed director, com- was appointed senior manager, Avia- munication directorate of Nepal Po- BRAZIL tion Security Company, Hong Kong International Airport. lice Headquarters. - Marcio Bravo Goncalves, CCM 15-1, was posted to Haiti to help NEW ZEALAND INDIA repatriate Brazilian troops assigned - Anil K. Upadhyay, SEC 06-2, was - Tony Davies, TSC 14-2, was pro- there. moted to air vice marshall and ap- posted as member (administrative), pointed chief of Air Force. CAMBODIA Central Administrative Tribunal. - Lt. Gen. Mam Sophat, EC 05-2, is - S. D. Banga, ASC 10-1, was ap- PAKISTAN in charge of legislative affairs for the pointed secretary, Committee on - Nadeem Ahmed Anjum, TSC 14-1, Ministry of Defense. Road Safety. was promoted to major general. - Air Marshal Birender Singh Dha- - Ammara Khattak, CCM 15-1, was CAMEROON noa, EC 00-1, is vice chief of Air promoted to deputy commissioner of - Emmanuel “Bill” Essomba Force. the Abbottabad district. She is the Onana, ASC 10-2, has been posted to first female head of a district/city in Navy Headquarters as chief technical INDONESIA the province and only the fourth ever inspector. - Col. Rujito Asmoro, ASC 10-2, is in Pakistan. a staff member of the Indonesian Na- - Syed Naqvi, EC 07-2, is a Fellow CANADA tional Resilience Institute. at the U.S. Air War College. He was - Maj. Gen. Derek Joyce, SP 13-1, - Maj. Ari Maryadi, CSRT 14-1, was selected for promotion to brigadier was selected as director general, In- posted as staff officer for education general. ternational Security Policy. and material cooperation in the direc- 30 CURRENTS Spring 2016 DKI APCSS Deputy Director retired Brig. Gen. James Hirai (left of center) and Alumni Division Chief John Gasner (third left of center) are pictured with participants in a transnational security workshop in Mongolia. The group contained members of Mongolia’s Alumni Association. Mongolia earns DKI APCSS Alumni Association of Year Award The Alumni Association of Mongolia is the Daniel K. Mongolia’s alumni have also assisted DKI APCSS Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Alumni in helping their nation form its National Security and Association of the Year for 2015. Foreign Policy Concepts and most recently its National The association is recognized for long-running sup- Defense Policy. port to DKI APCSS outreach and education efforts to “Congratulations to our friends in Mongolia for a job include workshops on emergency preparedness and risk well done,” said DKI APCSS Director retired Lt. Gen. reduction, de-mining and peacekeeping operations, and Dan Leaf. “They’ve demonstrated a long-term commit- transnational security challenges. The group is currently ment to using the skills and connections they’ve gained working with Center faculty members to assist in hosting at the Center to enhance their nation’s security processes. a Women, Peace and Security seminar later this year in They’re a great example of the many outstanding alumni Ulaanbaatar. associations we have throughout the Asia-Pacific region.” torate for international cooperation. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Karim, EC 03-2, is chairman of a security company and a consultant to JAPAN KAZAKHSTAN a New Township development com- - Maj. Gen. Hiroshi Kaminotani, - Dastan Yeleukenov, Cross-Regional pany. TSC 14-2, was appointed director Cooperation Workshop (CRC 08-1), - Rohana Ramli, CCM 11-1, is the general, operations and intelligence, was appointed as ambassador to Sweden. Malaysian ambassador to the Repub- Air Staff Office. LITHUANIA lic of Korea. - Yasuhiro Tojo, CCM 15-1, has been - Vilmantas Vitkauskas, CSRT 05-1, reassigned as the chief representative - Rear Adm. Mior Rosdi Jaafar, was appointed national security advi- of Japan International Cooperation TSC 14-1, was posted as the com- sor to the president of Lithuania. Agency (JICA), Pakistan Office. mander, Naval Education and Train- ing. - Hiromi Kiyohara, EC 05-2, is work- MALAYSIA ing at the Canada desk in Japan’s - Retired Lt. Col. Zakaria Abdul ...continued on next page

www.apcss.org 31 Alumni news

- Fadzil Ismail, SSTR 06-2, is the Cross based in Geneva. SRI LANKA defense attaché to Moscow. - Hasanthi Dissanayake, CSRT - Hayati Ismail, CCM 08-3, was ap- PERU 10-1, was appointed ambassador to pointed ambassador of Malaysia to - Augusto Carlos Wilfredo Vietnam. the Russian Federation. Layzequilla Freyre, CSRT 07-1, has - Maj. Gen. Udayanta Wijeratne, - Loon-Lai Cheong, CCM 12-1, is been appointed as an ambassador. CSRT 07-1, was appointed security the Malaysian high commissioner in force commander, Eastern Province. Accra. PHILIPPINES - Dayani Mendis, ASC 15-2, is serv- - Afandi Bakar, CSRT 15-1, was ap- - Police Senior Superintendent Car- ing as minister, Sri Lanka Embassy in pointed consul general of Malaysia in los Lozano, CSRT 06-1, was desig- Vienna. Songkhla, Thailand. nated deputy director for operations, THAILAND MICRONESIA intelligence group. - Paisit Boonparlit, EC 05-2, is di- - Carlson Apis, EC 04-2, is ambas- - Col. Cirilito “Lito” Sobejana, ASC rector, legalization division, depart- sador to Beijing. 10-2, was appointed brigade com- ment of consular affairs, Ministry of mander, 601st Brigade, 6th Infantry Foreign Affairs. MONGOLIA Division, Philippine Army. - Lt. Col. Sodnomtsog Davaa, ASC - Col. Sanphet Pinetburana, EC 12-2, was selected as chief of audit - Susan Trillanes Rabanao-Jalla, 04-1, was posted as Army attaché to section, National Defense University. ASC 14-3, is the chief of staff of the Singapore. Philippine National Police Crime NEPAL Laboratory. TIMOR-LESTE - Pashupati Upadhyay, CSRT 14-1, - Enrico Evangelista, CSRT 15-1, - Ana Filipa Carvalho, SSD 10-1, is a special assistant to the U.N. in was selected as deputy inspector gen- was assigned as the chief of Coast Guinea-Bissau. eral, Mid-Regional Police Office. Guard Staff.

NEW ZEALAND - Jet Villacorte, TSC 15-1, was des- UNITED STATES - David Cliff, TSC 10-2, was sec- ignated regional director of Police - Col. Seung J. Lee, EC 08-2, is serv- onded to the International Red Regional Office 8 in EasternV isayas. ing at the Pentagon in the U.S. Joint

Director meets with alumni in Timore-Leste DKI APCSS Director retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf traveled to Timor-Leste in December to take part in an academic seminar hosted by the Office of the President in Dili. General Leaf is pictured here (just left of center) with several DKI APCSS alumni.

32 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Staff J5 as the country director for the CHILE - Col. Richard Siga-an, Korean peninsula. EC 05-2, retired from the - Lt. Col. Augusto military after 36 years of - Sherrod Lewis Bumgardner, EC Scarella, ASC 09-2, service. 99-2, completed his eleventh year at retired from active mili- NATO as legal advisor. tary service. He will - Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Del- serve as an advisor to - Capt. Dwight Collins, APOC 11-2, gado, EC 01-1, retired the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He has was selected to command the mari- from his position as also started his own organization of time safety and security team, San chief of the Air Force. Diego, Calif. specialized analysts in future scenario building, specifically in strategic - Scott Sweetow, SP 13-1, is deputy communications. director of the Terrorist Explosive SINGAPORE Device Analytical Center. INDIA - Lt. Col. Lawrence Chee, EC 05-2, retired - Col. Todd Fish, APOC 14-1, is - Lt. Gen. Amarjeet transferring to Wiesbaden, Germany, from active duty and in Singh Chabbewal, EC addition to still serving where he will assume a unit com- 00-3, retired and is now mand. in the Reserve, he is a living in San Francisco. defense executive officer - Special Agent Stephan Notarianni, - Air Vice Marshal D.P. involved in training development. EC 03-1, is chief, military liaison Upot, EC 02-1, retired SRI LANKA office, U.S. Embassy in Bucharest, from the Indian Air Romania. Force. - Group Capt. Saman Lewangama, CCM 08-3, RETIREMENTS MALAYSIA retired from the military. - Maj. Gen. Dato’ Lim UNITED STATES Tiow Yew, EC 06-1, AUSTRALIA retired from the Royal - Col. Mark Aycock, - Capt. Richard Mc- Malaysian Air Force. EC 01-2, retired from Millan, EC 06-2, retired the U.S. Marine Corps. from active military PAKISTAN - Thomas McNamara, service and currently at- - Tahir Hanfi, EC 04-1, CA 11-5, retired from tached to the Active Re- retired from the National the Defense Intelligence serve Force. Assembly Secretariat Agency. after serving 32 years BANGLADESH - Robert Skipp Orr, in parliamentary affairs. TSC 13-1, retired as - Group Capt. Rabiul Since 2006, Tahir Hanfi ambassador to the Asian I. Sikder, SSRT 07-1, has been serving as secretary of the Development Bank. He retired from the military Pakistan DKI APCSS Alumni As- is now a member of the after 33 years of distin- sociation. Board of Governors Pa- guished service. cific Forum CSIS. PHILIPPINES - Capt. (Ret) Larry Dove, EC 00-3, BHUTAN - Police Maj. Gen. Rodrigo De retired from the Federal - Thinley Dorji, EC 04- Gracia, EC 07-1, retired Emergency Management 2, retired and is enjoying from the police and is Agency, where he served time with his 9-month now working as chief of as an emergency manage- old granddaughter and a staff for Sen. Joseph Vic- ment preparedness spe- newborn grandson. tor “JV” Ejercito. cialist.

www.apcss.org 33 Visitors

Amb. Carl Worker Acting New Zealand Ambassador to the United States Took part in discussions Oct. 19 on issues related to New Zealand, including recruitment of DKI APCSS Fellows from that nation (at right in photo).

Mara Karlin Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Strategy and Force Development Received a Center orientation Feb. 24 and addressed future DoD strategy and military balance.

Gov. David Ige Governor of Hawaii Served as civilian keynote speaker for the Comprehensive Crisis Management course (CCM 16-1) March 7.

Amb. Ashok Kumar Mirpuri Singapore Ambassador to the United States Met with staff and faculty March 15 for an orientation on DKI APCSS’ executive security education program.

Amb. Robert Blake U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia Toured the DKI APCSS facility and received information on the Center’s course and workshop operations Oct 29.

Lt. Gen. Thongchai Sarasuk Director of Joint Operations, Royal Thai Armed Forces Received a briefing Nov. 19 on the Center’s mission and discussed issues such as disaster response.

Lt. Gen. Sang-Hoon Lee Commandant, Marine Corps, Republic of Korea On Dec. 7, received an orientation on DKI APCSS’ executive education efforts in the Asia-Pacific region.

Clifford Hart U.S. Consul General, Hong Kong, Macau Visited Dec. 15 for an orientation on the Center and a roundtable discussion on Asia-Pacific issues.

34 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Meghan Kleinsteiber Country Director for Thailand and Burma, Asian and Security Affairs, U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense Joined staff and faculty for discussions Nov. 19.

Honorable Enele Sopoaga Prime Minister, Tuvalu Served as a keynote speaker for the Comprehensive Crisis Management course (CCM 16-1) March 14.

Amb. Prasad Kariyawasam Sri Lankan Ambassador to the United States The ambassador gained insights on the DKI APCSS mission and education opportunities Feb. 11. Rep. Jason Chaffetz U.S. Representative from Utah & Chairman, House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Received an orientation Nov. 9 on how the Center contributes to U.S. efforts to build regional collaboration.

Robin Diallo Director, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs Office of Public Policy, U.S. Department of State Took part in discussions Nov. 12 on Korea and Japan, maritime issues and China.

Gen. Darren McDew Commander, U.S. Transportation Command Received an orientation Dec. 17 on how DKI APCSS supports the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Pacific Command.

Amb. Su Ge President of Chinese Institute of International Studies Took part Feb. 1 in discussions on Asia- Pacific security issues, such as North Korean nuclear ambitions and South China Sea issues. Amb. Alaina Teplitz U.S. Ambassador to Nepal Visited Dec. 7 to gain knowledge on the Center’s mission, goals, programs and activities in the Asia-Pacific region.

www.apcss.org 35 Center News DKI APCSS members recognized for excellence Eight employees with the Daniel Clifton Johnson, Raelyn Brett, Lily who excel at educating, connecting K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Se- Ordonez and U.S. Air Force SSgt. and empowering thousands of secu- curity Studies kwere recognized at the Gilberto Sadierna, Jr. rity practitioners in the Asia-Pacific Honolulu-Pacific Federal Executive Federal Supervisor of the Year – region. Board’s 60th Annual Excellence in Mary Markovinovic, public affairs. “Our people have accomplished so Federal Government Awards ceremo- Federal Employee of the Year (Pro- much, particularly given the level of ny at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, fessional, Administrative and Techni- work required to plan and execute the Hawaii, May 6. cal) – Christopher Conde, informa- Center’s executive education courses, The event honors employees from tion systems division. workshops and myriad outreaches. government agencies in Hawaii for Federal Employee of the Year “Through their ability to pull off their outstanding effort, dedication (Clerical and Assistant) – Elizabeth frequent logistical miracles, we’ve and contributions to the workforce Leong, regional engagements office. been able to equip 10,000 alumni and community. Employees’ orga- Mentor of the Year: Frank Ong, with the tools and relationships they nizations nominated them for these chief of ISD. need to literally change the world. I honors. DKI APCSS Director retired Lt. couldn’t be more proud of our award DKI APCSS’ award winners for Gen. Dan Leaf said these eight are out- winners and their fellow team mem- 2016 are: standing representatives of the roughly bers at DKI APCSS.” (See associated Team Excellence: travel division – 120 Center faculty and staff members photo on back cover) REO staff is center point for DKI APCSS engagements across Asia-Pacific region The regional engagement tantly, our team’s role is to operations department is a communicate,” said Patton. major force behind the Dan- “We’re pivotal in ensuring iel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific all of our Asia-Pacific part- Center’s ability to accom- ners, our embassy teams, plish its regional outreach vendors, speakers, leaders programs. and invited participants “REO oversees the lo- have all the information gistics aspects of workshops they need to ensure a suc- – both here and abroad – cessful engagement.” and oversees the Center’s REO also plans and co- protocol program, event ordinates support for more management and our very than 2,000 official visitors robust visitor’s program,” to DKI APCSS yearly. This explained Lenore Patton, includes evaluating each re- REO chief. quest’s “when,” “who” and A big part of the depart- “why” and designing a visit ment’s mission is to plan Members of DKI APCSS’ regional engagement operations depart- experience that meets the and coordinate scheduling ment, led by its chief, Lenore Patton (at far left), conduct a staff intended outcomes of visi- meeting in the Center’s Maluhia Hall. REO conducts logistical sup- and logistics support for port for the Center’s myriad workshops, engagements and visits. tors and the Center. dozens of events annually. Visitors include high- In terms of the Center’s designed for each specific liaison trips to host nation level foreign delegations, regional workshops, Patton workshop concept.” locations, lines up venues U.S. security sector orga- said, “We begin at the nine- With those elements and local logistical support, nizations, and a host of to 12-month mark to craft a locked in place, REO then and establishes administra- other groups and individuals task timeline, team compo- negotiates with co-hosting tive requirements. interested in DKI APCSS’ sition, and a target budget agencies, conducts advance “However, most impor- security education mission.

36 CURRENTS Spring 2016 Hails and Farewells

Center bids farewell to longtime HR professional Retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf, director of the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Stud- ies, presents Johnette Chun with a certificate of retirement March 11. As director of the Center’s human resources department since February 2010, Chun led a staff of six in managing all personnel- related functions for approximately 120 faculty members and support staff. She also served as a human relations specialist at the Center from Feb. 1997 to July 2006.

The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Michaels and Michelle Donaldson, Huynh, Emma Reeder, Angelina Center for Security Studies welcomed and said goodbye to Navy Capt. Ben- Mendes, Petra Langfitt, Suhyun An, a number of new members to its staff jamin Clancy, Marine Corps Maj. Chowon Lee, Heather MacDonald, while saying goodbye to others dur- Edward Carpenter, Air Force Maj. Michael Calistro, Kaciaryna Biaspa- ing the period Nov. 1 to May 31. Eric Gorney, and Mary Copeland. lava and Paulina Kostrzewski. Visiting The executive operations group People who served as interns academics included Alice Li Hagan, welcomed Army Sgt. Yvonne Rios, during this period included Khoa Mizuho Kajiwara and Iris Leinhart. who replaced Army Sgt. Daniel Fogarty. EOG bid farewell to Army Maj. Mindy Ecenrode, Army Capt. New professors Michael Carvelli and Navy Lt. Nicholas Matcheck. Dr. Deon Canyon Admissions and business opera- Canyon brings to the Center knowledge in crisis tions bid farewell to Navy LS2 Kan- management, humanitarian action and disaster risk di Latcham. Its resource manage- reduction, with a particular emphasis on public health issues, to include vector-borne diseases and ment division welcomed Romanito bioterrorism. His education background includes a Rodrigo. Regional engagement op- doctor of business administration from the Univer- erations welcomed Nelly Williams, sity of Western Australia, a Ph.D. in health security who replaced Markyeta Collins. and master of public health from James Cook Uni- DABO’s information services versity. team welcomed Merwin Gaines, who replaced Brent Smith. Sherly Dr. Imes Chiu Valdivia replaced Marvin Craft in Chiu brings 20 years of professional and academic the travel division, and Mary Gokey experience related to stability and support opera- replaced Johnette Chun as chief of tions in the United States and Asia. While at DKI human resources. The admissions APCSS, she’ll teach and conduct research on re- department bid goodbye to Cathy gional security topics with emphasis on crisis and Moszkowicz. disaster management at the operational and strategic policy levels. Her education background includes The college of security studies bid a Ph.D. in science and technologies from Cornell farewell to Dr. Rouben Azizian and University. Dr. David Fouse. College operations welcomed Air Force Maj. Joseph

www.apcss.org 37 Faculty writings (Cont’d from Page 29) DKI APCSS Course Calendar * Note: Dates are subject to change. Please visit our Consequences thediplomat.com/2016/02/ website for the most current information. of Micronesia americas-micronesia-problem/. Course # Start Date End Date Compact’s End Advanced Security Cooperation (ASC) Lt. Col. Thomas Ma- New South China 16-2 22-Sep-16...... 26-Oct-16 telski recently authored an Sea Lighthouses article for The Diplomat that addressed impacts of “New South China Sea Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism (CSRT) the Congress of Federated Lighthouses: Legal Futility 16-1 14-Jul-16...... 10-Aug-16 States of Micronesia’s in- and Strategic tent to end its Compact of Risk” is a Comprehensive Crisis Management (CCM) new article Free Association with the 17-1 9-Feb-17...... 15-Mar-17 (T) United States in 2018. written by The two sides were in Cmdr. Jona- Transnational Security Cooperation (TSC) the process of discussing than Odom and Prof. 16-2 14-Nov-16...... 18-Nov-16 (T) a potential renewal of the Kerry Lynn Compact when it expires in Nankivell for Senior Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (SEAPOC) 2023. The Diplomat. 16-1 4-Oct-16...... 6-Oct-16 While the rest of the The article focuses on world watches events in the international law and how it Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (APOC) South China Sea and the East can be viewed as “either a 16-2 20-Jun-16...... 24-Jun-16 China Sea, tool or a weapon, depending 16-3 12-Sep-16...... 16-Sep-16 the People’s on how it’s wielded.” The Republic authors provide a rebuttal (T) = Tentative of China is to an argument, previously positioning published by The Diplomat, Course Manager Listing itself to be in on the legal significance of the driver’s China’s new lighthouses seat in an constructed in the Spratley area of key strategic interest Islands. to the United States. According to the authors, If Washington fails to act “misinterpretation or partial in a timely manner to renew understanding of the ap- the sometimes troubled plicable international law Compact relationship, it can obfuscate the intentions Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson Butch Finley Dr. Christopher Harmon will inadvertently drive the of the rival claimants and Advanced Security Comprehensive Crisis Comprehensive Security Cooperation Management Responses to Terrorism Micronesians into the arms further complicate the over- of China and simultaneously all situation. In some ways, leave a gaping hole in stra- a partial understanding of tegic access. the applicable law might Throughout the 1950s be more harmful than no and 1960s, the United States knowledge at all.” developed and implemented The full article is avail- the current civil code and able online at: http://thedip- mechanisms that are the lomat.com/2015/11/new- Dr. Saira Yamin Dr. Miemie Byrd Dr. Jeffrey Reeves basis of governance in the south-china-sea-lighthouses- Transnational Security Senior Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific Orientation Cooperation F.S.M. today. To read the legal-futility-and-strategic- Orientation Course Course full article, go to: http:// risk/.

38 CURRENTS Spring 2016 As of May 31, 2016 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR Director – Retired Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf, U.S. Air Force Deputy Director – Retired Brig. Gen. James T. Hirai, U.S. Army Foreign Policy Advisor – Brent Christensen Development Advisor - Dr. Lori Forman

COLLEGE OF SECURITY STUDIES Dean – Retired Capt. Carleton Cramer, U.S. Navy

Associate Dean, Academics – Dr. Justin Nankivell Counterterrorism, Interagency Coordination, HA/DR Associate Dean, Operations – Col. Gregory Winston, USA Ms. Kerry Nankivell – Maritime Security, Strategy & Decision-making Dr. Miemie Winn Byrd – Economics, Adult Ed., Myanmar Cmdr. Jonathan Odom, USN – International Law, Na- Dr. James Campbell – Indonesia, BioSecurity tional Security Law, Oceans Policy, Maritime Security Dr. Deon Canyon, Crisis Management, Humanitarian Action, Di- Dr. Al Oehlers – Economics, Burma, Southeast Asia, saster Risk Reduction, Public Health

Pacific Islands contacts Cmdr. Alan Chace, USN – Northeast Asia, Pacific Maritime Secu- Mr. Tom Peterman – Disaster Management, U.N. HA/ rity DR, U.N. Peace Operations Dr. Imes Chiu – Stability and Support Operations, Crisis and Disas- Dr. Jeffrey Reeves – China, Mongolia, East Asia Secu- ter Management rity Maj. Young Cho, USA – Counterinsurgency, Counterterrorism, Hu- Dr. Lora Saalman – India, China, Nuclear Policy, Cross- man Domain domain Deterrence, Military Modernization Ms. Jessica Ear – Human Security, Crisis Management, Civil Retired Col. Dave Shanahan, USA – Security Sector Societies, Cambodia Development Maj. Chris Erlewine, USAF – Japan, Korea, International Relations Dr. Christopher Snedden – South Asia, Security Sector Mr. Herman Finley, Jr. – Information Technology, Strategic Development, International Relations Communication, China Mr. Shyam Tekwani – South Asia, Media & Conflict, *Lt. Col. Gregory Ford, USA – Northeast Asia, Information Shar- Terrorism ing & Analysis Dr. Alexander Vuving – Geopolitics, Southeast Asia, Dr. Lori Forman – Development Financing, Development Assis- China, Vietnam, South China Sea tance, Public-Private Partnerships, NGOs Lt. Cmdr. Sean Washington, USN – Maritime Security, Dr. Scott Hauger – Environment/Science Republic of Korea, China, South China Sea Dr. Christopher Harmon – Terrorism, Insurgency, U.S. Foreign Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson – Science and Technology Policy Policy, Southeast Asia/Philippines, Water Security *Maj. Daniel Kent, USA – Leadership, Project Management, Op- Dr. William A. Wieninger – WMD Issues, Security Sec- erations Management, Counterinsurgency tor Development Lt. Col. Danny Makalena, USAF – HA/DR, Physical Security Col. Gregory Winston, USA – South Asia Operations, Logistics, Korea, Japan Dr. Saira Yamin – South Asia, Conflict Analysis & Dr. J. Mohan Malik – China, Geopolitics, Weapons Proliferation Resolution *Lt. Col. Thomas Matelski, USA – Middle East, Conflict Mitigation, *Denotes a Service Fellow on one-year assignment

ADMISSIONS & BUSINESS OPERATIONS PUBLIC AFFAIRS Dean – Richard Sears Chief – Mary Markovinovic Public Affairs Specialist – Jesse Hall ADMISSIONS Webmaster/Photographer – Bob Goodwin Chief – Tom Patykula Photographer – Agusto Murillo Registrar – Pearl Peiler Cover Art/Group photos – Visual Information Branch Alumni – John Gasner Email: [email protected] CURRENTS EDITORIAL BOARD [email protected] Mary Markovinovic; Jesse Hall, Editor; Bob Goodwin; Agusto Murillo; Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson; Lt. Cmdr. Daniel Brad- Stay connected with DKI APCSS... shaw; Dr. Imes Chiu; Jo Gardiner; John Gasner; Capt. Ed Miller, USMC; Dr. Al Oehlers; Thomas Peterman; Dr. Jeffrey Reeves; Dave Shanahan; Col. Greg Winston, USA; and Luisa Telnov. www.apcss.org 39 Honored for excellence Several DKI APCSS team members garnered excellence in federal government awards for 2016. They were joined by their co- workers at the May 6 Federal Executive Board awards luncheon. Those honored included: in first row - Raelyn Brett (second from left), Lily Ordonez (middle), Mary Markovinovic (right of middle), and Frank Ong (third from right); in second row - Elizabeth Leong (second from left), U.S. Air Force SSgt. Gilberto Sadierna, Jr. (third from right), and Clifton Johnson (second from right). See related article on page 36.

Please don’t forget to contact the Outreach and Alumni Coordination Branch at [email protected] if you have been promoted, changed job positions, or moved.

Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road Honolulu, HI 96815

40 CURRENTS Spring 2016