G E O L O G Y F A N O D T N M Open-File Report O-11-14 I E N M E T R

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A L STATE OF OREGON Stream Channels of the Central Willamette Valley, P

I Stream Channels of the Central Willamette Valley, E

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U DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES

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S Benton, Linn, Marion, and Polk Counties, Oregon

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I VICKI S. MCCONNELL, STATE GEOLOGIST R E S

O Benton, Linn, Marion, and Polk Counties, Oregon by Daniel E. Coe Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries 1937 2011

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123°23'17"W 123°20'0"W 123°10'0"W 123°0'0"W 122°52'33"W

F k ru Clatsop Columbia ree i C tla Map Symbols County County 44°54'17"N n n N oh d orth ij C For tt r k Ash C e ee reek P k County Boundary Street 1 -5 Tillamook R County O Hood River Y Y Washington Multnomah A A A Cross Section County County W M City Boundary County H illC e G I r ee H k g E E C Highway n Clackamas N E County D ty a n N u ty Yamhill E o n P C u o Salem R County E l k C D o

n n N P o I ri a M t Wasco

s Marion County 0 1 2 Miles County g e

a Polk H n

a County o

y a d Map e

n C S R l o Jefferson u Area g 0 1.5 3 Kilometers County h Lincoln Benton Linn County e Waln Creek County County Scale 1:36,000 d a

3 c 2 2 Mid - dle R roisan s O Fork C Creek A Y s A h Lane a W C H re County G e Jory Creek I C H k S Y Y E L Willamette Deschutes L A County V a S S River G IN K l OREGON Basin ek re C rn e e F Sou Douglas th Fo Independence rkA County sh m C Klamath reek County MONMOUTH-INDEPENDENCE HIGHWAY OR-51 Monmouth Coos County H Turner 44°50'55"N i l Aumsville Mill C MONMOUTH HIGHWAY OR-194 l reek N Battle Cre O ek R s TH W SA il N 44°50'26"N ker T son IA C M r H ee IG k H W AY O R - 22 This map depicts the Willamette River 44°50'0"N as it flows from the south past Corvallis toward Salem to the north. This region, known Sublimity as the Central Willamette Valley, is bound to the north by the Salem Hills, to the east by the Cascade

Range foothills, and to the west by the Coast Range. Cities in this region include Corvallis, Albany, Porter C ree M reek k Lebanon, Stayton, and Monmouth-Independence. This area encompasses fertile farmlands in the low- arion C dgers C ounty Ro Polk lands, productive vineyards in the western hills, and dense forest in the Cascade Range. Much of the County region’s fertility is a result of sediments left behind by ice age floods, known as the Missoula Floods, that occurred between 15,000 and 12,700 years ago (O’Connor and others, 2001).

To show the complex history of channel formation and migration that occurred in the Central Willamette Valley after the floods ended, a blue gradient was applied to the floodplains of the Willamette, Santiam, North Santiam, South Santiam, Luckiamute, Marys, and Calapooia rivers and to the Muddy, Crabtree, and Thomas creeks. This gradient shows the relative elevation of the floodplain above the adjacent channels. The color ramp is especially revealing at the confluence of the Willamette and Santiam rivers, where it highlights lateral and seasonal channels, oxbow lakes, and the pattern of movement the river has taken over the past 12,000 years. The gradient also shows the highly interconnected stream networks of the Willamette River southeast of Corvallis and S id n the South Santiam River north of Lebanon. e k y P e e Stayton r o w C e r r le Outside of the major floodplains, colors represent a standard elevation gradient changing from cool greens in low- D il i M Salem Ditch tc land valleys to warm oranges in the uplands. This gradient emphasizes smaller stream drainages in the valley as well h as the hills and mountains that divide sub-basins. v e r R i t e t ek Main Cana Color gradients were applied to digital elevation models (DEMs) that were created using three-foot resolution bare- e Cook Cre l earth lidar data. Transparent shaded relief and shaded slope layers derived from lidar were also draped on top of the m l a l DEMs. Separate lidar data were applied to areas that fell within city limits to show man-made development patterns in i W relation to the natural landscape. First–return lidar data, also known as highest-hit lidar data, were used to create DEM,

shaded relief, and shaded slope layers that were applied to the city limits. This technique reveals man-made structures as J well as vegetation patterns within the city limits. Two elevation cross sections represented by letter labels and arrows on o h n s o n the map are located below the main map. These cross sections are vertically and horizontally exaggerated in order to better H visually represent physical features of the area. i l l

Reference: McKinney C O’Connor, J. E., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Wozniak, K. C., Polette, D. J., and Fleck, R. J., 2001, Origin, extent, and thickness of Quater- reek nary geologic units in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1620, 51 p.

B ashaw Creek

Marion Ditch Chehulpum Cree J k E F Bear Branch F a m u t e E k i R i v R u c e S L r O N

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Polk County

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a s C r m e e Jefferson o k h T

ty Ditch n fferson u Je o ty C n u n n o io r C a n M in L W Mill Creek i l Scio l a m e s Ditch t Peter t e R i v e r

Crooks Creek

F r a n B k u l 1% Chance t i t n Flood Zone e Floodplains

Millersburg The floodplains (in blue) on the main map and shown above are not equivalent to flood zones. Red Adair

6 Village 2 indicates the extent of the 100-year flood modeled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency 2 -

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(2003, 2006, 2011). The 100-year flood has a 1% chance of occurring every year and defines the O

y Y FEMA 1% chance flood insurance zone. r A B W o w g H

er G I s n S l H l u o S u l 44°40'0"N N gh H i 44°40'0"N O H Y L - Y N A B L A

e k r e C Tru x e ax Cr t r e eek o a b 123°20'0"W n t e C r K t u B

d E 9 r 9 reek - n zier C R a ra F O M i ill C y Y reek a A S e W o t H u n IG t n H h i Y u IT S V C a o N n TIO t i NC a M -JU m NY BA AL R

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v 20 S- e U rkha r M AY Bu rt C ou W re nta iew Cree H ek in V k IG H IS LL VA R O C Albany Co Y- x Creek A N A LB A

e l p Jackson Creek m l l S i pring Branch i P D eri H wink le C re e k

44°36'32"N ntiam Canal Albany Sa

o k Stewart Sl ugh k Cree A Oa A ld er S Cr A ee N k T IA M H IG H W A i v e r Y R U t t e S e - a m 2 i l l 0 W The areas of the map highlighted in blue were Oa k Cre ty ek un chosen for their visual impact and ability to reveal Co on y nt nt ek Be ou current and historical channels and stream morphology. Carter Cre n C Lin They do not represent official geologic, flood, or channel migration zones. ek re Dixon C

Onehorse Slough Corvallis Albany Santiam C anal O ak C re ek

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O ak Cr CORVALLIS-LEBANON HIGHWAY OR-34 eek

Bu rkh art C re Tangent ek 4 R-3 0 O US-2 WAY HIGH ORT Philomath EWP LIS-N C RVAL East Little Oak Creek CO Ch el W a ann illamette N R l e

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e i k r a e v R i i R v e s r y Lebanon r a n Sant M L bano iamC e a n a l

Lake Creek

P e ek t m n Cre e Ha il to B r Ev s ergree u n Cr t o eek t n e

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e s t F o Oa r k k k e Creek e

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o C 44°30'0"N o n iew e v v

i n l i l la e P C h

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d y M u d C r e un Creek e ll R k tte River Bu Willame N ob le Cr So eek PACIFIC HIGHWAY I-5 HIGHWAY PACIFIC Albany ut h Sa n t ia m R iv B e PACIFIC HIGHWAY WEST HIGHWAY OR-99W u r tte C re ek

She dd S lou gh

B utte Cre ek

Tangent Sodo m D i eek tc Beaver Cr h Lebanon

C al apo o ia R iv er

Cochran Creek 44°26'2"N

L a k e C r e e k r Most of the minor streams on the valley floor flow to the north, parallel toa the Willamette River. e B A notable exception is an area at the mouth of the South Santiam River,d wheret minor streams fan out from a point near Lebanon. These streams flow down the surfacee of a thuge fan of gravel C deposited by the South Santiam River as it leaves its rocky canyon and umeets the flat valley floor. B C ourt ney C reek 44°24'44"N 123°21'27"W 123°20'0"W 123°10'0"W 123°0'0"W 122°50'0"W 122°46'15"W

Software: Esri ArcGIS 10.0, Adobe Creative Suite 5.

Projection: North American Datum 1983, Lambert Conformal Conic. Grid ticks displayed in latitude and longitude.

Source data: Lidar data from DOGAMI Lidar Data Quadrangles LDQ-2010-44122D7-Waterloo, LDQ-2010-44122D8-Brownsville, LDQ-2010-44122E7-Onehorse Slough, LDQ- 2010-44122E8-Lebanon, LDQ-2010-44122F7-Scio, LDQ-2010-44122F8-Crabtree, LDQ-2010-44122G7-Stayton, LDQ-2010-44122G8-Turner, LDQ-2010-44122H8-Salem East, LDQ-2010-44123D1-Halsey, LDQ-2010-44123D2-Peoria, LDQ-2010-44123D3-Greenberry, LDQ-2010-44123D4-Flat Mountain, LDQ-2010-44123E1-Tangent, LDQ-2010- 44123E2-Riverside, LDQ-2010-44123E3-Corvallis, LDQ-2010-44123E4-Wren, LDQ-2010-44123F1-Albany, LDQ-2010-44123F2-Lewisburg, LDQ-2010-44123F3-Airlie South, LDQ-2010-44123G1-Sidney, LDQ-2010-44123G2-Monmouth, LDQ-2010-44123G3-Airlie North, LDQ-2010-44123G4-Falls City, LDQ-2010-44123H1-Salem West, LDQ-2010- 44123H2-Rickreall, LDQ-2010-44123H3-Dallas, LDQ-2010-44123H4-Socialist Valley. Highway (2008), road (2008), and city limit (2007) vector data from Oregon Department of Transportation. County vector data (2007) from Bureau of Land Management. 100-year flood zones (2003, 2006, 2011) from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs). Stream data (2004) from Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri).

This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for, or be suitable for legal, engineering, or survey purposes. Users of this information should review or consult the primary data and information sources to ascertain the usability of the information.

The lidar data used to create this map were collected from a light aircraft carrying a highly accurate laser scanner. The scanner makes over 100,000 measurements each second to build up a three-dimensional “point cloud” model of the surface of the earth and the vegetation and structures on it. A computer sorts the points, separating those that measure the ground from those that measure other objects such as trees or buildings. Images derived from these sets of points are then merged with other forms of digital data to create this map.

The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) has been collecting lidar data in Oregon since 2006. The goal is to cover the entire state as funding for the data collection becomes available. You can learn more about lidar and view lidar images of other parts of Oregon at www.OregonGeology.org.

For copies of this publication contact: Nature of the Northwest Information Center 800 NE Oregon Street, #28, Ste. 965 Portland, Oregon 97232 telephone (971) 673-2331 http://www.NatureNW.org