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Yorkshire) in the Archive of St Andrey Kasatov Saint-Petersburg [email protected] AN ORIGINAL THIRTEENTH CENTURY CHARTER FROM MONK BRETTON PRIORY (YORKSHIRE) IN THE ARCHIVE OF ST. PETERSBURG * INSTITUTE OF HISTORY (RAS) The generations of scholars have made great eff orts to fi nd and publish medieval documents wri en in scriptoriums of the English monasteries and now preserved in diff erent archives of Great Britain. The Russian archives are represented only by separate documents and, hence, it is a great success to discover a new one.1 This study deals with a charter acquired by N. P. Lichatchev (1862–1936), a famous Russian historian and collector of ancient deeds.2 The document itself has a form of the right quadrangular piece of parchment (size 157x123 mm) with plica (a folded edge of a document) bearing slits for a seal’s cord (so called charter “sur double queque”). It becomes common for a royal chancery since the middle of the twel h century being accepted by less powerful lords. It was the seller himself who had sealed the charter: “ego Willelmus… scripto sigillum meum apposui” (Appendix I). The seal, meanwhile, is lost. As we shall see, he hardly took a prominent position and had not own chancery. (*) The publication is maintained with the program “Organization and fi nancial support to the young scholars of Russian Academy of Sciences on the fi eld of fundamental studies”. (1) View for example the list of documents preserved in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian National Library (РНБ). F. 922. and a collection N 18 “England and Scotland. Deeds and le ers” in the Archive of the Institute of History (Saint-Petersburg, RAS). (2) Col. 18. “England and Scotland. Deeds and le ers”. Folder 381. N 1a. Now the ruins of Priory is situated in the county South Yorkshire, Borough of Barnsly. Previous it lied in a Western Riding (wapentake Staincross, parish of Royston) County Yorkshire en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_ of_Barnsley; www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Royston 243 244 Scrinium VΙI–VIII.2 (2011–2012). Ars Christiana So, the charter was wri en by either one of the monks or Stephen, the witness, called a clerk (clericus).3 The charter a ests the purchase of landholdings and possessions (terras et possessiones) with pertinences situated in Carlton village and around it. The seller, William received from the brethren of Monk Bre on fi ve silver shillings under the con- dition that neither he nor his heirs should claim their right or bring an action from this time onwards: “non <…> aliquid jus vel clamum debemus ponere vel poterimus interrogare”. Monk Bre on priory was subordinated to neighboring Pontefract and to immense cluniacensis monastery Lа Charité sur Loire as evi- denced by Adam’s charter.4 Only around 1280–1290 Monk Bre on priory could gain freedom. As electronic data of British archives dem- onstrate, the early documents from Monk Bre on priory are rare and dispersed.5 Sometimes it is possible to make clear the circumstances caused their appearance but the precise date remains unknown. As one example, a fi nal concord between Adam, son of William, and the brethren of Monk Bre on should be mentioned wri en as a list of wit- nesses a ests around the second third of the thirteenth century.6 Some documents from Monk Bre on are preserved at the Sheffi eld Munici- pal Archive but when they were compiled remains unclear. The earli- est deeds from that archive can be dated from 1249–1252.7 There is else one document dated if original at the latest from 1280–1290 and preserved among deeds of Duke Lancaster’s family.8 (3) D. Postles, Country Clerici and the Composition of English Twel h- and Thirteenth-Century Charters, in: K. Heidecker (ed.), Charters and the Use of the Wri en Word in Medieval Society (Turnhout, 2000) 29. (4) W. Farrer (ed.), Early Yorkshire Charters, vol. III (Edinburgh, 1916) № 1669. (5) www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. (6) Greater Manchester County Record Offi ce E7 13/4/1. A short content of the deed can be found here www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. I express my gratitude to Mr. Lees, custodian at the Manchester Record Offi ce, for a photo- copy of the document concerned. (7) www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Wharncliff e Muniments/Deeds 1–687 (1250–1920). (8) h p://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguede tails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=7210339&j=1 .
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