Carbon Tetrachloride
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Toxicological Profile for Carbon Tetrachloride
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This public health statement tells you about carbon tetrachloride and the effects of exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites are then placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. Carbon tetrachloride has been found in at least 430 of the 1,662 current or former NPL sites. Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which carbon tetrachloride is found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. This information is important because these sites may be sources of exposure and exposure to this substance may harm you. When a substance is released either from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. Such a release does not always lead to exposure. You can be exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. If you are exposed to carbon tetrachloride, many factors will determine whether you will be harmed. These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and how you come in contact with it. You must also consider any other chemicals you are exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family traits, lifestyle, and state of health. -
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances
COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances revised 2/4/2021 IARC list 1 are Carcinogenic to humans list compiled by Hector Acuna, UCSB IARC list Group 2A Probably carcinogenic to humans IARC list Group 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans If any of the chemicals listed below are used in your research then complete a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the product as described in the Chemical Hygiene Plan. Prop 65 known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity Material(s) not on the list does not preclude one from completing an SOP. Other extremely toxic chemicals KNOWN Carcinogens from National Toxicology Program (NTP) or other high hazards will require the development of an SOP. Red= added in 2020 or status change Reasonably Anticipated NTP EPA Haz list COMBINED LIST of Particularly Hazardous Substances CAS Source from where the material is listed. 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide Acutely Toxic Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- Acutely Toxic 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU) Prop 65 KNOWN Carcinogens NTP 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) IARC list Group 2A Reasonably Anticipated NTP 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) (Lomustine) Prop 65 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea Acutely Toxic 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane IARC list Group 2B 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Prop 65 IARC list Group 2B 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p -chloropheny)ethylene (DDE) Prop 65 1,1-Dichloroethane -
Asian Journal of Chemistry Asian Journal
Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 28, No. 3 (2016), 555-561 ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19405 Chemical Evolution of Aminoacetonitrile to Glycine under Discharge onto Primitive Hydrosphere: Simulation Experiments Using Glow Discharge T. MUNEGUMI Department of Science Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8502, Japan Corresponding author: Fax: +81 88 6876022; Tel: +81 88 6876418; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 15 June 2015; Accepted: 31 July 2015; Published online: 5 December 2015; AJC-17650 Aminoacetonitrile is an important precursor of abiotic amino acids, as shown in the mechanism that was developed to explain the results of the Miller-type spark-discharge experiment. In present experimental setup, a spark discharge is generated in a simulated reducing atmosphere to yield hydrogen cyanide, aldehyde and ammonia; in a second step, a solution-phase reaction proceeds via aminoacetonitrile to give amino acids. However, when the same experiment is carried out in a non-reducing atmosphere, the yield of amino acids is very low. Contact glow discharge electrolysis onto the aqueous phase, which simulates an energy source for chemical evolution, converted aminoacetonitrile via glycinamide to glycine. The mechanism of glycinamide formation was explained by considering the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals to the C-N triple bond and subsequent transformation into the amide, which was then oxidized to the amino acid. This research suggests that amino acid amides and amino acids can be obtained through oxidation-reduction with H and OH radicals in the primitive hydrosphere whether under reducing or non-reducing conditions. -
The Reaction of Aminonitriles with Aminothiols: a Way to Thiol-Containing Peptides and Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Primitive Earth Ocean
life Article The Reaction of Aminonitriles with Aminothiols: A Way to Thiol-Containing Peptides and Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Primitive Earth Ocean Ibrahim Shalayel , Seydou Coulibaly, Kieu Dung Ly, Anne Milet and Yannick Vallée * Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Campus, F-38058 Grenoble, France; [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (K.D.L.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 September 2018; Accepted: 18 October 2018; Published: 19 October 2018 Abstract: The Strecker reaction of aldehydes with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide first leads to α-aminonitriles, which are then hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. However, before reacting with water, these aminonitriles can be trapped by aminothiols, such as cysteine or homocysteine, to give 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycles, which in turn are hydrolyzed to dipeptides. We propose that this two-step process enabled the formation of thiol-containing dipeptides in the primitive ocean. These small peptides are able to promote the formation of other peptide bonds and of heterocyclic molecules. Theoretical calculations support our experimental results. They predict that α-aminonitriles should be more reactive than other nitriles, and that imidazoles should be formed from transiently formed amidinonitriles. Overall, this set of reactions delineates a possible early stage of the development of organic chemistry, hence of life, on Earth dominated by nitriles and thiol-rich peptides (TRP). Keywords: origin of life; prebiotic chemistry; thiol-rich peptides; cysteine; aminonitriles; imidazoles 1. Introduction In ribosomes, peptide bonds are formed by the reaction of the amine group of an amino acid with an ester function. -
Chemical Hygiene Plan Manual
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY MANUAL FOR LABORATORIES This is the Chemical Hygiene Plan specific to the following areas: Laboratory name or room number(s): ___________________________________ Building: __________________________________________________________ Supervisor: _______________________________________________________ Department: _______________________________________________________ Telephone numbers 911 for Emergency and urgent consultation 48221 Police business line 46919 Fire Dept business line 46371 Radiological and Environmental Management Revisied on: Enter a revision date here. All laboratory chemical use areas must maintain a work-area specific Chemical Hygiene Plan which conforms to the requirements of the OSHA Laboraotry Standard 29 CFR 19190.1450. Purdue University laboratories may use this document as a starting point for creating their work area specific CHP. Minimally this cover page is to be edited for work area specificity (non-West Lafayette laboratories are to place their own emergency, fire, and police telephone numbers in the space above) AND appendix K must be completed. This instruction and information box should remain. This model CHP is version 2010A; updates are to be found at www.purdue.edu/rem This page intentionally blank. PURDUE CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN AWARENESS CERTIFICATION For CHP of: ______________________________ Professor, building, rooms The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that laboratory employees be made aware of the Chemical Hygiene Plan at their place of employment (29 CFR 1910.1450). The Purdue University Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazardous Materials Safety Manual serves as the written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) for laboratories using chemicals at Purdue University. The CHP is a regular, continuing effort, not a standby or short term activity. Departments, divisions, sections, or other work units engaged in laboratory work whose hazards are not sufficiently covered in this written manual must customize it by adding their own sections as appropriate (e.g. -
Biochemical and Pathological Effects of Methylazoxymethanol Acetate, a Potent Carcinogen1
[CANCER RESEARCH 30, 801-812, March 1970] Biochemical and Pathological Effects of Methylazoxymethanol Acetate, a Potent Carcinogen1 Morris S. Zedeck, Stephen S. Sternberg, Richard W. Poynter, and Jane McGowan Divisions of Pharmacology and Cytology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021 SUMMARY vealed that the agent is cleaved by the intestinal flora which possess a 0-o-glucosidase, and that the free agly Methylazoxymethanol acetate is known to induce tu cone methylazoxymethanol is the active carcinogen (13- mors in rodents. Effects produced by a single nonlethal 15, 34). Matsumoto et al. (19) synthesized MAM acetate3 dose on nucleic acid and protein synthesis have been in (Chart 1), which is stable and not dependent upon vestigated in rat and mouse liver, small intestine, and ,0-glucosidase cleavage for activity. Single or only a few kidney, the 3 organs most susceptible to carcinogenesis. doses of cycasin, or of the aglycone methylazoxymetha The agent induced early inhibition of thymidine incor nol, are required to induce tumors in rats which are pri poration into DNA of rat tissues. Rat liver was most sen marily of the kidney, intestinal tract, and liver (11, 15). sitive to this effect and was the only organ to show marked Aqueous extracts of cycad nut have also been shown to inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis. In mice, liver induce tumors of liver and kidneys in mice (21). The was more sensitive than small intestine or kidney and ex present investigation was undertaken to study the acute hibited an inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis; there pathological and biochemical effects produced by MAM were no changes observed in small intestine or kidney. -
Temporal and Spacial Variation of the Organic Particles in the Proto-Solar
46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 2591.pdf TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE ORGANIC PARTICLES IN THE PROTO-SOLAR DISK M. Numata1 and H. Nagahara1, 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, the University of Tokyo Introduction: More than 80 distinct amino acids Model: We calculate evolution of a viscous disk are discovered in meteorites, which, in addition to their with special interests on the location of individual precursors, are suggested to be extraterrestrial origin particles-in order to know the chemical change of (e.g., [1-3]). Even the detection of glycine, the simplest organic materials. The disk evolution model and amino acid, has been claimed in samples from comet particle-tracking model by Ciesla [12, 13] were applied. 81P/Wild 2 returned by NASA’s Stardust spacecraft Disk temperature is determined by balancing vertical [4]. These discoveries suggest that interstellar energy flux assuming that all of the energy dissipation chemistry can produce such complex molecules. occurs at the midplane [14]. We use alpha-prescription Motivated by these studies, some observational search of Shakura & Sunyaev [15] for viscosity. for complex molecules in the interstellar medium The initial gas density is assumed to distribute as a reported to detect acetic acid [5], acetamide [6], self-similar solution [16] and particles containing aminoacetonitrile [7], and ethyl formate [8] in organic materials are released at each 10AU from 10A Sagittarius B2 molecular cloud. More recently, ALMA to 100AU at t = 0. Disk vertical temperature gradient is observation is expected to find more complexity of neglected. Particles are supposed to be small enough to such organic materials [9]. -
Diaminomaleonitrile
PREBIOLOGICAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY CLIFFORD N. MATTHEWS AND ROBERT E. MOSER CENTRAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, MONSANTO COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Communicated by Charles A. Thomas, July 18, 1966 A major concern of chemical evolution research1 4 is to find an answer to the question: How were proteins originally formed on Earth before the appearance of life? A widely held view stimulated by the speculations of Oparin,5 Haldane,6 Bernal,7 and Urey8 is that the formation of polypeptides occurred via two essential steps, a-amino acid synthesis initiated by the action of natural high-energy sources on the components of a reducing atmosphere, followed by polycondensations in the oceans or on land. The results of a dozen years of simulation experiments1-4 appear to support this view. Experiments in which high-energy radiations were applied to reduced mixtures of gases have yielded many of the 20 a-amino acids commonly found in proteins. The pioneering research of M\iller9 showed that glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were among the products obtained by passing electric discharges through a refluxing mixture of hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water. Exten- sions of these studies by Abelson10 and others'-4 showed that a-amino acid synthesis could be effected by almost any source of high energy so long as the starting mix- ture contained water and was reducing. Since mechanism studies by Miller9 indicated that aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide were transient intermediates during the course of the reaction, it was concluded that the a-amino acids were formed by the well-known Strecker route involving hydrolysis of aminoacetonitriles arising from the interactions of aldehydes, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia. -
Toxicological Profile for Carbon Tetrachloride
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 171 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Information regarding the chemical identity of carbon tetrachloride is located in Table 4-1. 4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information regarding the physical and chemical properties of carbon tetrachloride is located in Table 4-2. CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 172 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION Table 4-1. Chemical Identity of Carbon Tetrachloride Characteristic Information Reference Chemical name Carbon tetrachloride IARC 1979 Synonym(s) Carbona; carbon chloride; carbon tet; methane tetrachloride; HSDB 2004 perchloromethane; tetrachloromethane; benzinoform Registered trade name(s) Benzinoform; Fasciolin; Flukoids; Freon 10; Halon 104; IARC 1979 Tetraform; Tetrasol Chemical formula CCl4 IARC 1979 Chemical structure Cl IARC 1979 Cl Cl Cl Identification numbers: CAS registry 56-23-5 NLM 1988 NIOSH RTECS FG4900000 HSDB 2004 EPA hazardous waste U211; D019 HSDB 2004 OHM/TADS 7216634 HSDB 2004 DOT/UN/NA/IMCO UN1846; IMCO 6.1 HSDB 2004 shipping HSDB 53 HSDB 2004 NCI No data CAS = Chemical Abstracts Service; DOT/UN/NA/IMCO = Department of Transportation/United Nations/North America/International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; EPA = Environmental Protection Agency; HSDB = Hazardous Substances Data Bank; NCI = National Cancer Institute; NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OHM/TADS = Oil and Hazardous Materials/Technical Assistance Data System; RTECS = Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 173 4. CHEMICAL -
Product Stewardship Summary Carbon Tetrachloride
Product Stewardship Summary Carbon Tetrachloride May 31, 2017 version Summary This Product Stewardship Summary is intended to give general information about Carbon Tetrachloride. It is not intended to provide an in-depth discussion of all health and safety information about the product or to replace any required regulatory communications. Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell that can be detected at low levels; however, odor is not a reliable indicator that occupational exposure levels have not been exceeded. Its chemical formula is CC14. Most emissive uses of carbon tetrachloride, a “Class I” ozone-depleting substance (ODS), have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). Certain industrial uses (e.g. feedstock/intermediate, essential laboratory and analytical procedures, and process agent) are allowed under the Montreal Protocol. 1. Chemical Identity Name: carbon tetrachloride Synonyms: tetrachloromethane, methane tetrachloride, perchloromethane, benzinoform Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number: 56-23-5 Chemical Formula: CC14 Molecular Weight: 153.8 Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid. It has a sweet odor, and is practically nonflammable at ambient temperatures. 2. Production Carbon tetrachloride can be manufactured by the chlorination of methyl chloride according to the following reaction: CH3C1+ 3C12 —> CC14 + 3HC1 Carbon tetrachloride can also be formed as a byproduct of the manufacture of chloromethanes or perchloroethylene. OxyChem manufactures carbon tetrachloride at facilities in Geismar, Louisiana and Wichita, Kansas. Page 1 of 7 3. Uses The use of carbon tetrachloride in consumer products is banned by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), under the Federal Hazardous Substance Act (FHSA) 16 CFR 1500.17. -
Aminoacetonitrile Characterization in Astrophysical-Like Conditions
A&A 541, A114 (2012) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201218949 & c ESO 2012 Astrophysics Aminoacetonitrile characterization in astrophysical-like conditions F. Borget, G. Danger, F. Duvernay, M. Chomat, V. Vinogradoff, P. Theulé, and T. Chiavassa Aix-Marseille Université et CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, Centre de St-Jérôme, case 252, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France e-mail: [email protected] Received 2 February 2012 / Accepted 23 March 2012 ABSTRACT Context. Aminoacetonitrile (AAN) has been detected in 2008 in the hot core SgrB2. This molecule is of particular interest because it is a central molecule in the Strecker synthesis of amino acids. This molecule can be formed from methanimine (CH2NH), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in astrophysical icy conditions. Nevertheless, few studies exist about its infrared (IR) identifica- tion or its astrophysical characterization. Aims. We present in this study a characterization of the pure solid AAN and when it is diluted in water to study the influence of H2O on the main IR features of AAN. The reactivity with CO2 and its photoreactivity are also studied and the main products were characterized. Methods. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of AAN molecular ice was performed in the 10–300 K temperature range. We used temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry detection techniques to evaluate the desorption energy value. The influence of water was studied by quantitative FTIR spectroscopy and the main reaction and photochemical products were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. Results. We determined that in our experimental conditions, the IR limit of AAN detection in the water ice is about 1 × 1016 molecule cm−2, which means that the AAN detection is almost impossible within the icy mantle of interstellar grains.