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Safe Use of Smokeless Powder for Small Arms
Safe Use of Smokeless Powder for Small Arms Propellant is designed to create gas when burned. The speed by which it creates gas is what we call, “Burn Rate”. You will hear about “faster powders” or “slower powders”. These descriptions refer ONLY to the rate at which relative propellants create gas. The burn rate of a propellant is controlled by surface area of the individual grains, density, particle size, energetic content, and burn rate modifiers (deterrents). It is impossible to tell the burn rate of a propellant by its physical traits alone. Burn rates of a propellant must be matched to the chamber and bore dimensions of a firearm, and the weight and resistance of a projectile. Many additional variables contribute to the correct balance of propellant burn rate and firearm requirements. Experts test these variables, using pressure-test barrels, and fired remotely. It is unwise and potentially dangerous for individuals to develop loads outside of established recipes. We call this, “Tickling the dragons belly”, and strongly advise against the practice. The ballistic output of your loaded rounds WILL change from many variables. Among them: Case length, case volume, primer type and brand, primer seating depth, temperature, altitude, atmospheric pressure, projectile weight, projectile seating depth, projectile form, projectile material, internal case capacity, propellant burn rate, charge weight, moisture contamination, residual solvent, bore conditions, case hardness, mouth crimp, bullet-pull, load length, powder lot, primer lot, projectile lot, firing pin or hammer force, and firearm. Propellants that look very similar, when loaded in a cartridge, can lead to disastrous results. Therefore, ensure your own safety by diligently following safe reloading practices. -
Firearm Safety 1. Always Keep the Muzzle Pointed in a Safe
FIREARM SAFETY 1. ALWAYS KEEP THE M UZZLE POINTED IN A S A F E DIRECTION This is the most basic safety rule. If everyone handled a firearm so carefully that the muzzle never pointed at something they didn’t intend to shoot, there would be virtually no firearms accidents. It’s as simple as that, and it’s up to you. Never point your gun at anything you do not intend to shoot. This is particularly important when loading or unloading a firearm. In the event of an accidental discharge, no injury can occur as long as the muzzle is pointing in a safe direction. A safe direction means a direction in which a bullet cannot possibly strike anyone, taking into account possible ricochets and the fact that bullets can penetrate walls and ceilings. The safe direction may be “up” on some occasions or “down” on others, but never at anyone or anything not intended as a target. Even when “dry firing” with an unloaded gun, you should never point the gun at an unsafe target. Make it a habit to know exactly where the muzzle of your gun is pointing at all times, and be sure that you are in control of the direction in which the muzzle is pointing, even if you fall or stumble. This is your responsibility, and only you can control it. 2. FIREARMS ACTIONS SHOULD BE OP E N AN D S H O U L D B E UNLOADED WHEN NOT AC TUALLY IN USE Firearms should be loaded only when you are in the field or on the target range or shooting area, ready to shoot. -
Intro to Reloading
Intro to Reloading This introductory manual will cover the basics of handloading ammunition. It will include information regarding necessary equipment, required materials, and the reloading process. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide. Reloading is an in-depth, complex subject. This guide is a starting point for absolute beginners. Further information should be sought out for your specific calibers you are reloading, your specific brand and models of equipment, and your specific reloading components and materials. Follow all instructions that come with your equipment and materials. When someone who has never reloaded their own ammo looks into it, the needed equipment list is daunting and expensive. It is the intention of this guide to make reloading seem easy and accessible. Anyone, even children, can reload ammunition if shown the steps. My 8 year old is more than eager to help me de-prime, drop powder, or resize shells. Hopefully the knowledge presented here will increase your confidence when it comes to starting your reloading journey. [2] Socialistra.org Why Reload? Self Sufficiency: A decade ago, the generally accepted wisdom was “You will always be able to find .22lr. You will always be able to find .223. You will always be able to find .30-06. You will always be able to find XYZ.” After Sandy Hook in 2012, that all changed. For YEARS afterward, certain kinds of ammo were simply non-existent on store shelves. In this Time of Trump, it may not seem to make sense to spend $.10-$.25 more on each round you would make vs just buying the factory ammo. -
Modern Guns and Smokeless Powder
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1S91 /\:,JM^n? ^I'tClfl ofseo Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030760072 : : MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. ARTHUR RIGG JAMES GARVIE. LONDON E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. NEW YORK SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12, CORTLANDT STREET. 1892. MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. PART I. INTRODUCTION. Gunpowder, the oldest of all explosives, has been the subject of many scientific investigations, sup- ported by innumerable experiments ; but Nature guards her secrets well ; and to this day it cannot be said that the cycle of chemical changes brought about by the combustion of gunpowder is thoroughly understood. Its original components vary, but are generally about 75 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts carbon, and 10 parts sulphur, with other ingredients some- times added. These materials, when simply mixed together, burn with considerable vigour, but cannot rank as an explosive until they have been thoroughly incorporated, so that the different molecules are brought into such close proximity that each finds a neighbour ready and willing to combine on the smallest encouragement. Heat furnishes the necessary stimulus, by pro- 2 MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. moting chemical activity ; and, when combined with concussion, the molecules are driven closer to- gether, and this intimate association accelerates their combination. The effect of mere concussion is shown to greater advantage when any of the more dangerous ex- plosives, such as iodide of nitrogen, are subjected to experiment. -
Winchester® Components Catalog
WINCHESTER® COMPONENTS CATALOG Winchester® Powder . .02 Winchester® Primers . .03 Winchester® Wads & Shot . .04 Shotshell Reloading Data . .07 Winchester® Centerfire Rifle Data . .12 Winchester® Centerfire Handgun Data . .20 Winchester® Warnings . .25 Winchester ® Powders WST Target shotshell and standard velocity handgun propellant. Ideal for use in 45 Auto match applications. Consistent,clean, low flash and smoke are benefits to the shooter. Powder of choice for reloading AA shells. 231 As the most popular reload propellant, 231 is a pistol powder ideally suited to the 38 Special, 45 auto, and 9mm standard loads. Consistency, clean burning, low flash, and a broad range of applications make this a powder of choice on any pistol cartridge reloader’s shelf. WSF Super-Field® propellant is the propellant of choice for Winchester 20 gauge AA® Target Load and 12 gauge 3 3/4 dram equivalent Super-X® load. WSF is an ideal choice to maximize velocities in 12 gauge 1 1/8 oz. and 1 1/4 oz. loads. Super-Field also performs well in 38 Super, 9mm and 40 S&W pistol loads. Excellent propellant for fast shooting action pistol applications. 296 This propellant was developed for Winchester factory loaded ammunition for 357 magnum, 44 magnum and 410 bore. Its high loading density provides optimal velocity. 296 is also the powder type used by Winchester for factory loaded 410 bore AA loads. However, 296 is not suitable for most rifle cartridges. 748 748 is the powder of choice by Winchester and the U.S. military for 5.56mm and 223 Rem. ammunition. The low flame temperature of 748 extends barrel life versus other similar speed powders. -
Winchester Reloading Manuals
15th Edition Reloader’s Manual What’s it take to manufacture the world’s finest ammunition? The world’s finest components. Winchester understands the demands of shooters and hunters want- ing to develop the “perfect load.” You can rest assured that every Winchester ammu- nition component is made to meet and exceed the most demanding requirements and performance standards in the world– yours. Winchester is the only manufacturer which backs up its data with over 125 years of experience in manufacturing rifle, handgun and shotshell ammunition.The data in this booklet are the culmination of very extensive testing which insures the reloader the best possible results. This 15th edition contains more than 150 new recipes, including AA Plus® Ball Powder® propellant, WAA12L wad, 9x23 Winchester and 454 Casull. This information is presented to furnish the reloader with current data for reloading shotshell and centerfire rifle and handgun ammunition. It is not a textbook on how to reload, but rather a useful reference list of recommended loads using Winchester® components. TABLE OF CONTENTS Warnings Read Before using Data. 2 Components Section. 6 Shotshell Reloading. 12 Shotshell Data. 17 Powder Bushing Information. 25 Metallic Cartridge Reloading. 33 Rifle Data. 35 Handgun Data. 42 Ballistic Terms and Definitions. 51 TRADEMARK NOTICE AA Plus, AA, Action Pistol, Fail Safe, Lubalox, Lubaloy, Silvertip, Super-Field, Super-Lite, Super-Match, Super-Target, Super-X, Xpert and Winchester are registered trademarks of Olin Corporation. Magnum Rifle, and Upland, are trademarks of Olin Corporation. Ball Powder is a registered trademark of Primex Technologies, Inc. © 1997 Winchester Group, Olin Corporation, East Alton, IL 62024 1 WARNINGS Read before using data The shotshell and metallic cartridge data in this booklet supersede all previous data published for Ball Powder® smokeless propellants. -
Handloading the FN 5.7X28mm
Load Development Handloading the FN 5.7x28mm The 5.7x28mm cartridge is housed in this FN-manufactured Model Five-Seven USG autoloading pistol. by Brian Pearce evelopment of the FN 20-round capacity. It is constructed .22-caliber (.224-inch) bullets. The 5.7x28mm began more of polymer with appropriate parts shoulder angle is 35 degrees. Water Dthan 20 years ago and was being alloy and steel. Sights are capacity (measured to the bottom first introduced in a submachine fully adjustable. Barrel length is 47/8 of the neck) is 11.1 grains. It is a gun for military applications in the inches, and weight is around 24 proprietary cartridge, so there are early 1990s. A tactical handgun ounces empty. no pressure guidelines or industry followed in the late 1990s, and by The 5.7x28mm cartridge is a standards for handloading. Clearly 2005 a civilian version appeared. bottleneck design that utilizes FNH USA (www.fnhusa.com) The cartridge is advertised to push a 27-grain lead-free bullet at 1,950 fps, a 28-grain lead core bullet at 2,050 fps (now discontinued but will return in 2010 due to demand) and a 40-grain lead-core Hornady V-MAX bullet at 1,700 fps. The current civilian tactical hand- gun, known as the Model Five- Seven USG, is an autoloader with a 1 LOAD DEVELOPMENT • Jan-Feb 2010 loaddata.com Factory cartridge overall length is 1.5925 inches. The sizing die body should first be set in conventional methods. To prevent cases from being crushed while sizing, due to the expander ball and sizer die trying to accom- plish their respective jobs at the same time on so short a case, the expander assembly must be adjusted so that it extends as far down as possible. -
The Gold Standard a Week, All Year Long
Speer customers will now see a more aggressive logo on its new packaging to signify the company’s forward progression. to create better products year after year. Speer’s product lineup centers on rifle and Speer and its sister company handgun ammunition for law enforcement and CCI currently operate out of self-defense, as well as handloading components. three facilities encompassing 400 acres in Lewiston, with more than 350,000 square feet of manufacturing space oper- ated by 1,100 employees. They run 24 hours a day, seven days The Gold Standard a week, all year long. Speer’s relentless dedication to quality and innovation pays big dividends for its customers THE CHOICE OF PROFESSIONALS any large industrial businesses began as smaller undertakings, driven by a for- “There’s a big reason Speer ward-thinking innovator who saw opportunity where others did not. Such is the is the number one choice of case with Speer, founded by Vernon Speer during World War II when reloaders were law enforcement professionals not able to get the components they needed from ammo companies committed to across the country,” said Jason supplying the U.S. war effort. Vanderbrink, president of M Speer. “We service more than 80 percent of law enforcement nationwide. We also have many international contracts. Why? Because we build ammo that is extremely dependable; because we focus on terminal ballistics; and because we are the masters of meeting the A born tinkerer, Speer Idaho, by an experienced and nose, the Grand Slam bullet FBI protocol testing, which devised a way to take spent dedicated work force, but the is engineered to tear through is the gold standard of bullet .22 brass cases and form them original product lines have the thick hides, heavy bones terminal performance.” into bullet jackets. -
CLASSIC RIFLES: the Winchester Model 94
October 11 Blue Press Section 2 8/12/11 1:49 PM Page 40 40 CLASSIC RIFLES: The Winchester Model 94 “Although the word ‘classic’ has been overworked extensively, this one is the real deal.” became the most popular caliber in this rifle. With be had with a choice of barrel lengths: 20, 24 or gled to keep sales up and costs in line. USRAC much higher velocity and flatter trajectory, the .30- 26 inches. It had the same shorter magazine, pistol filed for protection from bankruptcy in 1986 and 30 produced almost as much muzzle energy as grip and curved lever. It was listed in the Winches- was reorganized under new management and with By John Marshall the vaunted .45-70 service cartridge. ter catalog from 1933 to 1957. The .219 Zipper new capital in 1988. This brainchild of master firearms designer For those used to reloading cartridges with was introduced in 1938. This was a hot little high A large variety of commemorative Model 94s John Browning has probably served up more veni- black powder, the almost identical .32 Winchester velocity number that unfortunately could not were made beginning in 1964, with special finish- son in the United States than any other rifle. It’s Special was offered. The .30-30, with its 1-in-12” achieve best accuracy in a lever-action rifle. This es, configurations and stampings or engraving. been carried throughout the country and it’s rare rifling twist, fouled barrels badly when loaded with chambering was discontinued in 1941, but was Some of these were assembled and finished in to find a gun enthusiast who hasn’t handled or black powder. -
Load Guide for Rifle and Handgun
EDITION 3.5 EDITION 30 AR, 30 T/C, and 6mmx45 and T/C, 30 AR, 30 New data for: for: data New • The most up-to-date and comprehensive 223 Rem data available data Rem 223 comprehensive and up-to-date most The • INCLUDES: GUN H D N A AND RIFLE FOR GUIDE LOAD PO Box 158 • Miles City, Montana 59301 Other superior products available ONLY from Western Powders include: RELOADING POWDERS Gun Care Products EDITION 3.5 WARNINGS COMPONENT WARNINGS This guide is intended to be used as a reference. Each individual Primers handloader must determine what is the best and safest load for their 1. NEVER MIX PRIMER BRANDS from different manufacturers; equipment. The loads described in this guide were generated at the 2. Store primers in their original packaging(s) in a cool, dry place. ballistics test facilities of Western Powders, Inc. in accordance with Exposure to heat causes primer deterioration; SAAMI (Shooting Arms and Ammunition Institute) guidelines. All 3. Do not stockpile primers or store in bulk. Storing primers in this loads are fired through test barrels and individual results fired through manner can lead to mass detonation if a primer ignites; different firearms may vary. The handloader is cautioned to read and 4. Do not de-cap live or new primers - fire them in the appropriate follow safe reloading practices such as those outlined in the NRA gun and then de-cap; Guide to Reloading before attempting to reload any cartridge. 5. For best results, use the mildest primer consistent with good ignition; 6. -
Velocity and Range Ot Guns from the Black-Powder Muzzle-Loader to the Smokeless-Powder Rifle
360 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN April 20, 1918 Velocity and Range ot Guns From the Black-Powder Muzzle-Loader to the Smokeless-Powder Rifle By J. Bernard Walker THE energy of projectiles varies as their weights and or even two subsidiary flashes, suggesting a belated at the same instant. The fire-surfaces at this moment the sq uares of their velocities. If we dOL.ble the firing of the powder pockets. are comparatively small, and the pressure is corre weight, le!l.ving the velocity the same, we secure twice spondingly low; but as the burning proceeds in a radial Lyman Tries Slow-Burning Powder the energy in the projectile; but if we double the velocity, direction, the holes in the powder-cake become constantly leaving the weight the same, we secure four times the BlIt Lyman was on the right tralk. He determined to enl'l.rged and the fire-area continuously increases, 9S energy. Hence, the gunmaker, in his tireless endeavor use the whole charge in one enlarged powder chamber, also does the pressure upon the projectile, and the to increase the inertia of the pro power of artillery, 1 jectile is gradually has sought to in and slowly over crease velocity to come. After the the maximum de projectile h'l.s been gree compatible with started from its the various condi seat, and as it passes tions imposed upon through the gun, him by the problem. the pressure exerted upon it is substan An Early High tially maintained by Velocity Gun reason of the con One of the earliest tinuously extending attempts to secure fire area, and this very high muzzle continues until the velocity was that powder-cake is sub of A. -
State Laws and Published Ordinances - Oklahoma Current Through Chapter 150 of the 2020 Legislative Session, with the Exception of Chapters 39, 82 to 87, 98, and 122
State Laws and Published Ordinances - Oklahoma Current through Chapter 150 of the 2020 Legislative Session, with the exception of Chapters 39, 82 to 87, 98, and 122. Office of the Attorney General Dallas Field Division 313 Northeast 21st Street 1114 Commerce Street, Room 303 Oklahoma City, OK 73105 Dallas, TX 75242 Voice: (405) 521-3921 Voice: (469) 227-4300 http://www.oag.ok.gov/ https://www.atf.gov/dallas-field-division Table of Contents Title 21 – Crimes and Punishments Part VI – Crimes Against Public Peace Chapter 53 – Manufacturing, Selling and Wearing Weapons Section 1273. Allowing minors to possess firearms. Section 1280.1. Possession of firearm on school property. Section 1283. Convicted felons and delinquents. Section 1288. Purchases of firearms, ammunition and equipment in other states by Oklahoma residents–purchases in Oklahoma by residents of other states. Firearms Act of 1971 Section 1289.3. Definitions for Firearms Act. Section 1289.4. Definition of rifles. Section 1289.5. Definitions for Firearms Act. Section 1289.10. Furnishing firearms to incompetent persons. Section 1289.12. Giving firearms to convicted persons. Section 1289.18. Definitions. Section 1289.19. Restricted bullet and body armor defined. Section 1289.20. Manufacture of restricted bullets. Section 1289.21. Possession or use of restricted bullets. Section 1289.22. Exemptions. Section 1289.28. Unlawful actions related to licensed dealers and private sellers of firearms – penalty Section 1289.24. Firearm regulation–state preemption. Ada Edmond Seminole Bartlesville El Reno Tahlequah Bristow Eufaula Vinita Catoosa Midwest City Warner Drumright Mustang Duncan Pryor Creek Title 21 – Crimes and Punishments Part VI – Crimes Against Public Peace Chapter 53 – Manufacturing, Selling and Wearing Weapons Section 1273.