Meet the QSL Mistress at Coast Station KSM by Christopher Friesen, VE4CWF

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Meet the QSL Mistress at Coast Station KSM by Christopher Friesen, VE4CWF Meet the QSL Mistress at Coast Station KSM By Christopher Friesen, VE4CWF n July 12, 1999, the commercial use of They sent weather bulletins Morse code ended in the United States and alerts and news reports O of America. On that date, in Globe that could be used in a ship’s Wireless’ Half Moon Bay master station south of on-board newspaper. San Francisco, former operators, company rep- Today, proprietary resentatives, and members of the press gathered forms of data encryption to witness the final transmission – final sign off have replaced Morse code, – before ceasing the operation of coastal stations and maritime communica- KFS and KPH. These two stations were the last tion companies use a mix- in a long line of maritime radio stations that had ture of High Frequency existed to pass traffic via Morse code (CW) and (HF) broadcasts and sat- Radio Teletype (RTTY) from ship to shore and ellite networks to deliver shore to ship. information to vessels at Denice Stoops and Richard Dillman were sea. These communications both at that final transmission. Dillman saw the appear as normal e-mail to event as a celebration of the heritage and tradition the sender and recipient, of commercial Morse code. To his delight, he was but are automatically routed afforded the opportunity to send a commemora- through whichever broadcast Operating position 1 at Point Reyes, Dick Dillman at the key. All tive message on behalf of the Maritime Radio medium is cheapest for a the original equipment is still in place as it was left on the day the Historical Society, to which he and Stoops both vessel’s given location. station was closed in 1997. On this occasion the station is being belonged. Stoops, as the first female operator ever Large commercial operated in the amateur service under the call K6KPH for Straight hired by KPH, was something of a trailblazer in Morse code networks still Key Night 2000/2001. (Photo courtesy Richard Dillman/MRHS) the male-dominated world of commercial Morse exist in other countries. operators. She saw the event as a funeral. For her, the end of commercial Morse was more than the loss of a noble industry; it was the death of her career. “I had gone to mourn and I wore black,” she says of that final day. But, for these two and a few other dedicated volunteers, the end of the era of commercial Morse code did not mean the death of commercial Morse code itself. Shortly after that final broad- cast, the Maritime Radio Historical Society was granted a license to operate a new coast radio station with the call sign KSM. Operating out of the former KPH facility, KSM can be heard for a few hours on most Saturdays, preserving the traditions, skills, customs, procedures and honor of commercial Morse code operators. Dillman is now Chief Operator at coast sta- tion KSM, a position he holds with pride. He says that in the heyday of commercial Morse, there were a dozen or more coastal stations operating. Some were run by companies like Globe Wire- less, RCA Radiomarine, Tropical Radio, United Wireless, American Marconi Company, and United Fruit Company, while others were private, single station operations. To become an operator, Dillman says, re- quired a commercial radiotelegraph license. Sta- Here’s the “Den of Thieves” as it looked in 1979. Denice Stoops “DA”, the first female operator tions passed traffic that included anything from at KPH, is in the center. Seated in the foreground to her right is Ray Smith “RC”, senior Morse information on maritime commerce to personal operator and the person who sent the last message from KPH on the day it closed. (Photo courtesy greetings on behalf of individuals and companies. Richard Dillman/MRHS). Insert: Denice Stoops at the controls. (Photo courtesy of Denice Stoops) September 2009 MONITORING TIMES 13.
Recommended publications
  • Shortwave Radio Today
    SPEEDX AWARDS UPDATE Harold Woering 913 Campbell Dr Easthampton, MA 01027-2729 Hello again! By the looks of the awards and upgrades I sent out, Mark andRichard have kept me quite busy. Congrats to all who received awards. Thanksto Richard who featured me as the 'Maytag Repairman' for Ute hunters In the Utility Notescolumn. It's true,I get few requests for utility awards and, in my opinion, if youlisten in the right bands you get quite a few stations. Check out the Utilities and UtilityNotes columns. There Is a great deal of information there. Well, here we go with thelist of folks we have received awards or upgrades: ASIA: Mark Humenyk - 50 AFRICAN: Mark Humenyk - 50 UTILITY: Richard Baker - 100 USSR: Mark Humenyk - 20 VOA: Richard Hankison -I 5 CRUISE SHIPS: Richard Baker -15 Mark Humenyk -I 0 ARMED FORCES: Richard Baker - 75 MARS: Richard Baker - 50 EXPEDITIONIST: Mark Humenyk WAYDOWNUNDER: Richard Baker 360: Mark Humenyk - 100 EUROPEAN: Mark Humenyk - 50 Andrew Steinberg - 75 MIDDLE EAST: Mark Humenyk - 5 ORIENT: Mark Humenyk - 20 AMERICAS: Mark Humenyk - 50 By the way. for those interested, I am now on CompuServe72764.3003 For a copy of the Awards Pamphlet, drop me a note along with acheck madeout to me for US $2.00 or 4 !RC's. Initial awards are $1.00 andupgrade stickers are available for an SASE. 73's and good DX, Harold SHORTWAVE RADIO TODAY SEPTEMBER,I 993 Volume 22, Number 9 2. THE DXPERIENCE, Dan Brame 6. TRASH AND TREASURE, Donald J. Weber 7. WHAT'S ON, Daniel Sampson B.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrôle Comprobación Técnica International Des International Monitoring Internacional De Las Emisiones Émissions
    UIT - BUREAU DES ITU - UIT - OFICINA DE RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS RADIOCOMMUNICATION RADIOCOMUNICACIONES BUREAU CONTRÔLE COMPROBACIÓN TÉCNICA INTERNATIONAL DES INTERNATIONAL MONITORING INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMISIONES ÉMISSIONS Cette publication contient les résultats de contrôle This publication contains spectrum Esta publicación contiene la información sobre comprobación des émissions soumis par les administrations monitoring information submitted by técnica de emisiones (CTE) presentada por las conformément à la lettre circulaire du BR CR/159 administrations in accordance with BR administraciones de acuerdo con la carta circular CR/159 de du 9 mai 2001 circular letter CR/159 of 9 May 2001 la BR del 9 de mayo 2001 RÉSUMÉ No: Dernière mise à jour des données: Période : SUMMARY No: 323 Date of last update: 28-01-2010 Monitoring Period: 01-07-09 - 30-09-09 o Ultima fecha de actualización de datos: RESUMEN N : Período : Colonne description Column description Descripción de columna Col. Rubrique Description Col. Item Description Col. Elemento Descripcion 1 M_ADM Administration responsable du centre de 1 M_ADM Administration code responsible for the 1 M_ADM Administración encargada del centro de contrôle des émissions monitoring centre comprobación 2 M_CENTER Centre de contrôle des émissions où les 2 M_CENTER Monitoring centre where the observation was 2 M_CENTER Centro de comprobación en el que se realizó la observations ont été faites made. observación 3 M_FREQ Fréquence mesurée en kHz 3 M_FREQ Frequency measured in kilohertz 3 M_FREQ Frecuencia
    [Show full text]
  • USDA Revises Corn Estimate Upward; Prices Slide
    The National Livestock Weekly September 19, 2005 • Vol. 84, No. 49 “The Industry’s Largest Weekly Circulation” www.wlj.net • E-mail: [email protected][email protected][email protected] A Crow Publication USDA revises corn estimate upward; prices slide —Hurricane damage, an average harvest estimate of mates at 139.2 bushels per acre, fuel costs adding to 143.2 bushels per acre. 12% lower than the record 2004 uncertainty. Earlier in the summer, analysts harvest, corn cash prices declined were bearish on corn harvest to $2.14 per bushel immediately Humane animal On Sept.12, USDA released the prospects, stating that prolonged following the release of the initial month’s revised harvest estimate. drought across the eastern corn crop report. treatment The revision tied a record for the belt would drive average yields be- As crop conditions have improved largest upward Aug. to Sept. revi- low 135 bushels per acre, a num- across the nation’s corn growing — Legislation proposed in Arizona. sion. Market analysts had general- ber that many believe would have region, the outlook for both grow- ly been leaning toward a down- led to $3 per bushel corn prices. ers and feeders had been steadily While most of the country was focused on the devastation Hurri- ward revision in the harvest esti- Instead, as yield estimates have improving over the past few weeks cane Katrina created, an Arizona animal rights group, Arizonans for mate, feeling that a long, dry sum- crept upward, prices have followed until Hurricane Katrina shut down Humane Farms, was busy filing proposed legislation in Arizona mer would take its toll on the na- an inverse curve trending down- Gulf Coast shipping ports.
    [Show full text]
  • The DX Radio Magazine for Active SWL's Volume XIV December 1984 Number 12 I .Àg111111111111111111
    The DX Radio Magazine for Active SWL's Volume XIV December 1984 Number 12 I .Àg111111111111111111.. SPEELX :.[SPOT[IGHTS1 THESE SPECIAL DX'ers and SWL's David Sharp, Editor 17602 Meadowbridge, Lutz, Florida 33549 Deadline: 12th of month new Howdy friends. This month, we start the column with a bang, as six members have achieved full membership. Congrats, folks: FERDINAND DE CASSAN..AUSTRIA SUSAN MOLL MI MICHAEL FEMYER AZ DONALD UNRUH HI JOEL GOODMAN IA MICHAEL WINIARZ PQ cert- You all now enjoy full voting rights and have a nice full member ificate to grace your listing post. Enjoy:: ******************************************,r*********************t***** fold This month, we greet 31 new and rejoining members to the SPEEDX Joyce Philip Kenneth Burke Dean Bianco Forest Grove, CANADA Calesburg, IL Eastchester, NY Gary Stone William Peace Stan Hotaling Spokane, WA West Dennis, MA Las Vegas, NV Flanagan Edward Blackman John Mickles John Newton, MA Tucson, AZ Portland, ME West Kazuhiro Matsumoto Yutaka Tazima Murray A. Lund ONT. Saitama, JAPAN Saitama, JAPAN Willowdale, Charles Frank Bruce Chituck John F. Stone Manchester, NH Patuxent River, MD Tacoma, WA Wayne Benkinney Ray Forsgren James Caporossi NJ Burton, MI Chippewa Falls, WI E. Brunswick, Zaveda Jon Garner Billy Hunt Bill Bronson, FL Durham, NC Don Mills, ONT. Robey Dan Birkner Fred Weinstein John NY Parkersburg, WV Spokane, WA Farmingdale, Haden M. Mendez Leon Bernhardt Jerome Luis LA West New York, NJ New York, NY Metairie, UMDX George Greenwood Mark Holmes Winnipeg, MANITOBA Ithaca, NY College Park, GA William Macaulay, Mesa, AZ soon.... Hope you enjoy SPEEDX, and we hope to see your contributions CUN DX MONTAGE, S 0 club info con tests humor fun david sharp, 17602 meadowbridge, lutz, fl 33549 deadline: 12th of the month DECEMBER, 1984 Hi again, everyone, and welcome to DXM.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrôle International Des Émissions International
    UIT - BUREAU DES ITU - UIT - OFICINA DE RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS RADIOCOMMUNICATION RADIOCOMUNICACIONES BUREAU CONTRÔLE COMPROBACIÓN TÉCNICA INTERNATIONAL DES INTERNATIONAL MONITORING INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMISIONES ÉMISSIONS Cette publication contient les résultats de contrôle This publication contains spectrum Esta publicación contiene la información sobre comprobación des émissions soumis par les administrations monitoring information submitted by técnica de emisiones (CTE) presentada por las conformément à la lettre circulaire du BR CR/159 administrations in accordance with BR administraciones de acuerdo con la carta circular CR/159 de du 9 mai 2001 circular letter CR/159 of 9 May 2001 la BR del 9 de mayo 2001 RÉSUMÉ No: Dernière mise à jour des données: Période : o 316 Date of last update: 23-06-2008 SUMMARY N : Monitoring Period: 01-10-07 - 31-12-07 o Ultima fecha de actualización de datos: RESUMEN N : Período : Colonne description Column description Descripción de columna Col. Rubrique Description Col. Item Description Col. Elemento Descripcion 1 M_ADM Administration responsable du centre de contrôle 1 M_ADM Administration code responsible for the monitoring 1 M_ADM Administración encargada del centro de des émissions centre comprobación 2 M_CENTER Centre de contrôle des émissions où les 2 M_CENTER Monitoring centre where the observation was 2 M_CENTER Centro de comprobación en el que se realizó la observations ont été faites made. observación 3 M_FREQ Fréquence mesurée en kHz 3 M_FREQ Frequency measured in kilohertz 3 M_FREQ Frecuencia
    [Show full text]
  • Contrôle International Des Émissions International
    UIT - BUREAU DES ITU - RADIOCOMMUNICATION UIT - OFICINA DE RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS BUREAU RADIOCOMUNICACIONES CONTRÔLE COMPROBACIÓN TÉCNICA INTERNATIONAL DES INTERNATIONAL MONITORING INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMISIONES ÉMISSIONS Cette publication contient les résultats de contrôle This publication contains spectrum Esta publicación contiene la información sobre comprobación des émissions soumis par les administrations monitoring information submitted by técnica de emisiones (CTE) presentada por las conformément à la lettre circulaire du BR CR/159 administrations in accordance with BR administraciones de acuerdo con la carta circular CR/159 de du 9 mai 2001 circular letter CR/159 of 9 May 2001 la BR del 9 de mayo 2001 RÉSUMÉ No: Dernière mise à jour des données: Période : o Date of last update: SUMMARY N : 328 Monitoring Period: 01-10-10 - 31-12-10 21-02-2011 o Ultima fecha de actualización de datos: RESUMEN N : Período : Colonne description Column description Descripción de columna Col. Rubrique Description Col. Item Description Col. Elemento Descripcion 1 M_ADM Administration responsable du centre de contrôle 1 M_ADM Administration code responsible for the monitoring 1 M_ADM Administración encargada del centro de des émissions centre comprobación 2 M_CENTER Centre de contrôle des émissions où les 2 M_CENTER Monitoring centre where the observation was 2 M_CENTER Centro de comprobación en el que se realizó la observations ont été faites made. observación 3 M_FREQ Fréquence mesurée en kHz 3 M_FREQ Frequency measured in kilohertz 3 M_FREQ Frecuencia
    [Show full text]
  • New Uses for Old Frequencies Rhombic True and False Airwaves
    This column is open to your considered comments. Opinions expressed here are not necessarily those of Monitoring Times. Your letters may be edited or shortened for clarity and length. Please mail to Letters to the Editor, 7540 Hwy 64 West, Brasstown, NC 28902 or email [email protected] Happy monitoring! Rachel Baughn, Editor Rachel Baughn [email protected] New Uses for Old According to web references, it is theoreti- Keep up the great work and thanks for the terrific cally a switchable array of folded monopoles made article.” Frequencies directional by a rear screen. But it certainly isn’t a Don Young N2DY “Bob, I noted something interesting about the rhombic. ‘new’ frequencies of WWCR in Nashville. They are I’ve often wondered why they didn’t just use very close to the old RCMP-Interpol frequencies an Adcock Array! Another Source for New of the 1980s. I just happened to notice the new Bob Grove W8JHD Old-Time Radio frequency of 4.775 kHz is what was probably the “Fred, as a subscriber to Monitoring Times, SSB carrier frequency for 47765.5, listed in [an I enjoy reading your ‘Programming Spotlight’ old] MT clipping and referring to your Shortwave Airwaves are Public! “After reading your article in the Communica- column each month. Frequency Directory. “Your February 2010 column about the “The new FCC Test Freq for WWCR is 4.840 tions column (‘Say Good-Bye to OTA-TV’ MT Feb., 2010), I for one was really upset to think that the ‘Golden Age of Radio’ provoked me to let you kHz.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrôle International Des Émissions International
    UIT - BUREAU DES ITU - UIT - OFICINA DE RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS RADIOCOMMUNICATION RADIOCOMUNICACIONES BUREAU CONTRÔLE COMPROBACIÓN TÉCNICA INTERNATIONAL DES INTERNATIONAL MONITORING INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMISIONES ÉMISSIONS Cette publication contient les résultats de contrôle This publication contains spectrum Esta publicación contiene la información sobre comprobación des émissions soumis par les administrations monitoring information submitted by técnica de emisiones (CTE) presentada por las conformément à la lettre circulaire du BR CR/159 administrations in accordance with BR administraciones de acuerdo con la carta circular CR/159 de du 9 mai 2001 circular letter CR/159 of 9 May 2001 la BR del 9 de mayo 2001 RÉSUMÉ No: Dernière mise à jour des données: Période : SUMMARY No: 313 Date of last update: 02-11-2007 Monitoring Period: 01-01-07 - 31-03-07 o Ultima fecha de actualización de datos: RESUMEN N : Período : Colonne description Column description Descripción de columna Col. Rubrique Description Col. Item Description Col. Elemento Descripcion 1 M_ADM Administration responsable du centre de 1 M_ADM Administration code responsible for the monitoring 1 M_ADM Administración encargada del centro de contrôle des émissions centre comprobación 2 M_CENTER Centre de contrôle des émissions où les 2 M_CENTER Monitoring centre where the observation was 2 M_CENTER Centro de comprobación en el que se realizó la observations ont été faites made. observación 3 M_FREQ Fréquence mesurée en kHz 3 M_FREQ Frequency measured in kilohertz 3 M_FREQ Frecuencia
    [Show full text]
  • October DXT 12
    N.Z. RADIO New Zealand DX Times N.Z. RADIO Monthly journal of the D X New Zealand Radio DX League (est. 1948) D X December 2001 - Volume 54 Number 2 LEAGUE http://radiodx.com LEAGUE ompiled by [email protected] David Ricquish Wellington Latin American Radio Tour 2002. Read on for more details below. Visit AM/SW/FM stations in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and Santiago. Join DXers and SWLs from around the world on this exciting tour. Win Radio Happy Isles Book! Just read the book review and Adrian Peterson’s Af- ghanistan article at www.radiodx.com, and subscribe to the e-DXT before December 31, 2001 and you’ve got a great chance to win an entertaining book about contemporary radio broadcasting in the Pacific. Tuvalu being abandoned. The Tuvalu Government has announced that it’s giving up the battle against rising seas caused by global warming, and is preparing to gradually aban- don the island nation, home of Radio Tuvalu 621 kHz. Australia and New Zealand have advanced plans to resettle Tuvaluans, many of whom already live in New Zealand. The first group for resettlement will leave for New Zealand in 2002. Rising sea levels are a major problem for low lying Pacific islands. However, this is the first time an island government has admitted it simply can’t afford to continue attempts to build higher and higher seawalls and find new sources of drinking water. (Pacific Islands Report). Radio Tuvalu from Funafuti is regularly heard in New Zealand and around the South Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Times 2000 INDEX
    Monitoring Times 1994 INDEX FEATURES: Air Show: Triumph to Tragedy Season Aug JUNE Duopolies and DXing Broadcast: Atlantic City Aero Monitoring May JULY TROPO Brings in TV & FM A Journey to Morocco May Dayton's Aviation Extravaganza DX Bolivia: Radio Under the Gun June June AUG Low Power TV Stations Broadcasting Battlefield, Colombia Flight Test Communications Jan SEP WOW, Omaha Dec Gathering Comm Intelligence OCT Winterizing Chile: Land of Crazy Geography June NOV Notch filters for good DX April Military Low Band Sep DEC Shopping for DX Receiver Deutsche Welle Aug Monitoring Space Shuttle Comms European DX Council Meeting Mar ANTENNA TOPICS Aug Monitoring the Prez July JAN The Earth’s Effects on First Year Radio Listener May Radio Shows its True Colors Aug Antenna Performance Flavoradio - good emergency radio Nov Scanning the Big Railroads April FEB The Half-Rhombic FM SubCarriers Sep Scanning Garden State Pkwy,NJ MAR Radio Noise—Debunking KNLS Celebrates 10 Years Dec Feb AntennaResonance and Making No Satellite or Cable Needed July Scanner Strategies Feb the Real McCoy Radio Canada International April Scanner Tips & Techniques Dec APRIL More Effects of the Earth on Radio Democracy Sep Spy Catchers: The FBI Jan Antenna Radio France Int'l/ALLISS Ant Topgun - Navy's Fighter School Performance Nov Mar MAY The T2FD Antenna Radio Gambia May Tuning In to a US Customs Chase JUNE Antenna Baluns Radio Nacional do Brasil Feb Nov JULY The VHF/UHF Beam Radio UNTAC - Cambodia Oct Video Scanning Aug Traveler's Beam Restructuring the VOA Sep Waiting
    [Show full text]
  • DIO,106 Dio -TU AM=Tvs Stations!WORLDWIDE; SHORTWAVE LISTINGS 5' T"
    How To Get On The SWL Bandwagon o ,,.WHITÉ'I RADIO,106 dio -TU AM=TVs STAtIONS!WORLDWIDE; SHORTWAVE LISTINGS 5' t" . o FEBRUARY -MARCH 751 WHY -FLEA -POWER HAMS HAVE MORE FUN Get into the act by building. .ros., Miniscule Module - . i_1 Heart of Mini-Mitter ,1. /f . MINI-MITTER! rí/,E . : Í : Ag fi_5 QRP Transmitter is Zr Peanut -Sized ro b. r r- .r ' Band -Switched " :; ' - !'b40. Crystal -Controlled ,I . ,! !ff! ffYu( r`', . ND ( Th1fJ1CW I :"0 AND NOW- . 7 j A TAPELESS 4 prrC TV RECORDER! I. COMPLETE PLANS! TWO GREAT SCOPE ACCESSORIES! ® Dual -Trace Signal Switcher Dynamic Duo Transistor Checker EICO Makes It Possible Uncompromising engineering-for value does it! You save up to 50% with Eico Kits and Wired Equipment. A ,s. .E_ - `-- - Cortin aStereo ^' ¡ Engineering excellence, 100% capability, striking esthetics, the industry's only TOTAL PERFORMANCE STEREO at lowest cost. A Silicon Solid -State 70 Watt Stereo Amplifier for $89.95 kit, Lq wired, including cabinet. Cortina 3070. 11~11$129.95A Solid -State FM Stereo Tuner for $89.95 kit, $129.95 wired, including Cabinet. Cortina 3200. A 70 -Watt Solid -State FM Stereo Receiver for $159.95 kit, !f"rAqi{.jiiiln $239.95 wired, including cabinet. Cortina 3570. The newest excitement in kits. 100% solid-state and professional. Fun to build and use. Expandable, interconnectable. Great as "jiffy" projects and as Introductions to electronics. No technical experience needed. Finest parts, pre -drilled etched printed circuit boards, step-by-step instructions. E(COCRAFT.a- Electronic Siren $4.95, Burglar Alarm $6.95, Fire Alarm $6.95, .
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
    Joint Publication 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms 8 November 2010 (As Amended Through 15 February 2016) As Amended Through 15 February 2016 PREFACE 1. Scope The Joint Publication (JP) 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all DOD components. 2. Purpose This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD, with other federal agencies, and among the United States and its allies. 3. Application This publication applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff, combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components. It is the primary terminology source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and planning documents. Criteria for inclusion of terminology in JP 1-02 is enumerated in Department of Defense Instruction 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology. 4. Publication Format This edition of JP 1-02 has been published in two basic parts: a. Terms and definitions. These are annotated with the source publication. b. Abbreviations and acronyms. The source publication establishes the authoritative context for proper understanding and management of the associated term. 5. JP 1-02 Online Availability and Update Schedule JP 1-02 is accessible online as a searchable database and in PDF format at the following Internet address: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary and at the following NIPRNET i Preface As Amended Through 15 February 2016 address: https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/.
    [Show full text]