The Curator's Coloring and Activity Book
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USGS Open-File Report 2005-1190, Table 1
TABLE 1 GEOLOGIC FIELD-TRAINING OF NASA ASTRONAUTS BETWEEN JANUARY 1963 AND NOVEMBER 1972 The following is a year-by-year listing of the astronaut geologic field training trips planned and led by personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Branches of Astrogeology and Surface Planetary Exploration, in collaboration with the Geology Group at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas at the request of NASA between January 1963 and November 1972. Regional geologic experts from the U.S. Geological Survey and other governmental organizations and universities s also played vital roles in these exercises. [The early training (between 1963 and 1967) involved a rather large contingent of astronauts from NASA groups 1, 2, and 3. For another listing of the astronaut geologic training trips and exercises, including all attending and the general purposed of the exercise, the reader is referred to the following website containing a contribution by William Phinney (Phinney, book submitted to NASA/JSC; also http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ap-geotrips.pdf).] 1963 16-18 January 1963: Meteor Crater and San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona (9 astronauts). Among the nine astronaut trainees in Flagstaff for that initial astronaut geologic training exercise was Neil Armstrong--who would become the first man to step foot on the Moon during the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969! The other astronauts present included Frank Borman (Apollo 8), Charles "Pete" Conrad (Apollo 12), James Lovell (Apollo 8 and the near-tragic Apollo 13), James McDivitt, Elliot See (killed later in a plane crash), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10), Edward White (later killed in the tragic Apollo 1 fire at Cape Canaveral), and John Young (Apollo 16). -
Chapter 12 the Moon and Mercury: Comparing Airless Worlds The
11/4/2015 The Moon: The View from Earth From Earth, we always see the same side of the moon. Moon rotates around its axis in the same time that it takes to orbit Chapter 12 around Earth: The Moon and Mercury: Tidal coupling: Earth’s gravitation has Comparing Airless Worlds produced tidal bulges on the moon; Tidal forces have slowed rotation down to same period as orbital period Lunar Surface Features Highlands and Lowlands Two dramatically Sinuous rilles = different kinds of terrain: remains of ancient • Highlands: lava flows Mountainous terrain, scarred by craters May have been lava • Lowlands: ~ 3 km lower than highlands; smooth tubes which later surfaces: collapsed due to Maria (pl. of mare): meteorite bombardment. Basins flooded by Apollo 15 lava flows landing site The Highlands Impact Cratering Saturated with craters Impact craters on the moon can be seen easily even with small telescopes. Older craters partially … or flooded by Ejecta from the impact can be seen as obliterated by more lava flows bright rays originating from young recent impacts craters 1 11/4/2015 History of Impact Cratering Missions to the Moon Rate of impacts due to Major challenges: interplanetary Need to carry enough fuel for: bombardment decreased • in-flight corrections, rapidly after the formation of the solar system. • descent to surface, • re-launch from the surface, • return trip to Earth; Most craters seen on the need to carry enough food and other moon’s (and Mercury’s) life support for ~ 1 week for all surface were formed astronauts on board. Lunar module (LM) of within the first ~ ½ billion Solution: Apollo 12 on descent to the years. -
Physical Characteristics
Physical Characteristics Encyclopedia—moon The study of the moon's surface increased with the invention of the telescope by Galileo in 1610 and culminated in 1969 when the first human actually set foot on the moon's surface. The physical characteristics and surface of the moon thus have been studied telescopically, photographically, and more recently by instruments carried by manned and unmanned spacecraft (see space exploration). The moon's diameter is about 2,160 mi (3,476 km) at the moon's equator, somewhat more than 1/4 the earth's diameter. The moon has about 1/81 the mass of the earth and is 3/5 as dense. On the moon's surface the force of gravitation is about 1/6 that on earth. It has been established that the moon completely lacks an atmosphere and, despite some tantalizing hints that there might be ice under the surface dust in shaded portions of Shackleton Crater (near the moon's south pole), there is no definite evidence of water. The surface temperature rises above 100°C (212°F) at lunar noon and sinks below -155°C (-247°F) at night. The gross surface features of the moon are visible to the unaided eye and were first studied telescopically in 1610 by Galileo. Surface Features The lunar surface is divided into the mountainous highlands and the large, roughly circular plains called maria (sing. mare; from Lat.,=sea) by early astronomers, who erroneously believed them to be bodies of water. The smooth floors of the maria, varying from flat to gently undulating, are covered by a thin layer of powdered rock that darkens them and accounts for the moon's low albedo (only 7% of the incident sunlight is reflected back, the rest being absorbed). -
Association of Space Explorers Collection [Schweickart] NASM
Harrison H. Schmitt RO. Box 8261 Albuquerque, NM 87198 (505) 293-1982 February 9, 1984 Russell L. Schweickart 892 La Sierra Drive Sacramento, CA 95825 Dear Rusty: Thank you for your letter of January 30, 1984, bringing me up-to-date on your efforts to form a "Planetary Congress of Space Explorers." ) Rusty, I see no way that you and I are going to agree on the ad- visability of an effort along the lines that you describe. I do not think I am alone among our colleagues in this regard. Therefore, at the least, you must keep at a minimum any appearance that this group, if formed, has an "Astronaut" sanction. However, my concern goes much deeper than the possibility that our apolitical stature as astronauts will be compromised by this or- ganization. In your letter, you say,"...our intent is not political." However, I see no way that that intent can be realized in the context of your proposal. In fact, in your proposed statement of purpose en- closed with your letter, you say in the last paragraph, "It is then the intention of this organization...to meet, confer, to speak and act from this unique experience." I see no way that a group of cosmo- nauts and astronauts "speaking" and "acting" will not be interpreted and used as political statements in less than the "largest and highest sense of that word." An initiative of this kind just does not seem appropriate in view of the continuing international arrogance of the Soviet Union and the largely military context in which their space program is conducted. -
Through Astronaut Eyes: Photographing Early Human Spaceflight
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Purdue University Press Book Previews Purdue University Press 6-2020 Through Astronaut Eyes: Photographing Early Human Spaceflight Jennifer K. Levasseur Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. THROUGH ASTRONAUT EYES PURDUE STUDIES IN AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS James R. Hansen, Series Editor Purdue Studies in Aeronautics and Astronautics builds on Purdue’s leadership in aeronautic and astronautic engineering, as well as the historic accomplishments of many of its luminary alums. Works in the series will explore cutting-edge topics in aeronautics and astronautics enterprises, tell unique stories from the history of flight and space travel, and contemplate the future of human space exploration and colonization. RECENT BOOKS IN THE SERIES British Imperial Air Power: The Royal Air Forces and the Defense of Australia and New Zealand Between the World Wars by Alex M Spencer A Reluctant Icon: Letters to Neil Armstrong by James R. Hansen John Houbolt: The Unsung Hero of the Apollo Moon Landings by William F. Causey Dear Neil Armstrong: Letters to the First Man from All Mankind by James R. Hansen Piercing the Horizon: The Story of Visionary NASA Chief Tom Paine by Sunny Tsiao Calculated Risk: The Supersonic Life and Times of Gus Grissom by George Leopold Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA’s Record-Setting Frequent Flyer by Jerry L. Ross THROUGH ASTRONAUT EYES Photographing Early Human Spaceflight Jennifer K. -
Celebrate Apollo
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth “…We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share. … I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more exciting, or more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish …” President John F. Kennedy May 25, 1961 Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth Less than five months into his new administration, on May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy, announced the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy’s bold challenge that historic spring day set the nation on a journey unparalleled in human history. Just eight years later, on July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module, taking “one small step” in the Sea of Tranquility, thus achieving “one giant leap for mankind,” and demonstrating to the world that the collective will of the nation was strong enough to overcome any obstacle. It was an achievement that would be repeated five other times between 1969 and 1972. By the time the Apollo 17 mission ended, 12 astronauts had explored the surface of the moon, and the collective contributions of hundreds of thousands of engineers, scientists, astronauts and employees of NASA served to inspire our nation and the world. -
Apollo 8 and the Future of Lunar Exploration 19 December 2018
To the moon and back: Apollo 8 and the future of lunar exploration 19 December 2018 NASA's plan for Apollo 8 had to change. Following a spark of ambitious vision, NASA reorganized, galvanizing a wild rush of fervor and late nights. In mid-August of 1968, astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William Anders received a call telling them to cancel their holiday plans—they were going to the moon. By December, the three men were suddenly farther away than any human had ever been from our home planet, traveling faster and seeing more than could be seen in the entire history of life on Earth. From prehistoric cephalopods to T-Rex to our ape- like ancestors to Alexander the Great, no single pair of eyeballs had ever been so far from Earth's gravitational influence until Dec. 21, 1968. We were shooting for the moon and we got there, sure enough, but the real triumph of Apollo 8 was beyond nationalism, beyond the tumultuousness of an age that catapulted these three men into the dark unknown. Apollo 8 was the fruition of ancient Chinese stargazers, renaissance dreamers and mid- century physicists. It was, above all, our first good look at ourselves, with the best possible Astronauts James (Jim) Lovell, Frank Borman, and perspective. William (Bill) Anders pose for a portrait in their space suits on November 22, 1968, just less than a month Today, leading up to the anniversary of one of before they would orbit the moon. Credit: NASA humankind's most audacious missions, we begin to celebrate 50 years of learning, inspiration, altitude and ingenuity not only about our nearest neighbor but also about Earth and where modern lunar Apollo 8 was supposed to be a test flight, meant to exploration will take us next. -
Rober Racine Tél: 514.871.0319 Fax: 514.871.0358 Email: “Faraway, High in the Night Sky, Earth Shines Upon Herself”
GALERIE ROGER BELLEMARE GALERIE GALERIE CHRISTIAN LAMBERT ROGER BELLEMARE GALERIE CHRISTIAN LAMBERT 372 Ste-Catherine O. Suites 501-502 Montréal, QC, Canada H3B 1A2 372 Ste-Catherine O. Suites 501-502 Tél: 514.871.0319 Fax: 514.871.0358 Montréal, QC, Canada H3B 1A2 Email: [email protected] Rober Racine Tél: 514.871.0319 Fax: 514.871.0358 www.bellemarelambert.com Email: “Faraway, High in the Night Sky, www.rogerbellemare.com Earth Shines upon Herself” Third and final part of Lunar Cycle - March 11th to April 15th 2017 Since 1999 these three images confront me daily. They’re printed on a small length of photographic paper and glued to cardboard which leans against the base of my desk lamp. Everyday I look at them. When I travel, they come with me. I placed this card in the showcase. Two small astronaut figurines are examining the three images. These photographs are at the heart of three exhibitions which make up Lunar Cycle : Les Diapasons of Eva Lm (2012) ; The Rotations of Solitude (2013) and now: Faraway, in the Night Sky, Earth Shines upon Herself. (2017). They pay homage to the astronauts of the Apollo missions 11-12-14-15-16 and 17 and to all those who walked on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. In the beginning, this exhibition was to be called : The rendez-vous, Re-entry : names of the two operations vital for the return of the astronauts to Earth. Rendez-vous : the lunar module and her two astronauts (The Diapasons of Eva Lm) leave the Moon to join the command module orbitting around the Moon where the third astronaut awaits them (The rotations of solitude). -
X-Ray Computed Tomography of Tranquility Base Moon Rock
X-ray Computed Tomography of Tranquility Base Moon Rock Dr. Justin S. Jones / Code 541 Dr. Jim Garvin / Code 600 Collaborators: Mike Viens/540, Ryan Kent/541, and Bruno Munoz/541 GSFC X-Ray CT System (Code 541 NDE Laboratory) Technique Background: • X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is very similar Filtered Back- to Medical “CAT” scans Projection • An x-ray source creates a “cone beam” which enables geometric magnification • A series of 2D radiographs are taken at precise angle steps as the part rotates • Feldkamp filtered back-projection algorithm is applied to image “projections” to create 3D reconstructed “volume” Main Components: • 7-axis motion/manipulator system, up to 100lb capacity on rotation stage X-ray Source • Detector: Dexela 7529 CMOS with CsI scintillator – 75 µm pitch, 3888 x 3072 pixel array X-ray Detector • X-ray Source: Yxlon FXE-225.99 Dual Head Microfocus: 225kV • Installed in radiation shielded room Sample Stage (arbitrary • North Star Imaging and VG Studio Max software sample shown) • Reconstruction PC with 4 Tesla GPU computing North Star Imaging, custom X5000CT 2 GSFC CT Examples - Composites Impact Damage in Structural Experimental “Topological Composite Core” Composite Structure 3 GSFC CT Examples – Metallic Parts JWST: ISIM Structure 3D Welded Joint ISS: Cracked magnet in Europa: Additively EMU FPS Rotor Manufactured “Venturi” Assembly with stress relief crack 4 GSFC CT Examples – Circuit Boards/Components Circuit Board Interior Wiring Plane Full Circuit Board HV801 Diode Terminals 5 GSFC CT Examples – Reverse Engineering / 3D Reproduction JWST: CT Scan of Transition Link Assembly (fuse wire, ~1cm) 3D Model “Surfacing” to export as STL file for CAD/FEA/3D printer 3D printed replica of actual TLA (lower) at 10x scale 6 Apollo 11 Mission Background The following text was sourced, with minor edits, from the NASA site: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.d o?sc=1969-059C • ‘The Lunar Module landed at 20:17:40 UT (4:17:40 p.m. -
Geology of the Moon
Geology of the moon William Joyce The moon is a little more accessible than other bodies in the solar system and this talk aimed to explain what moon rock reveals about the geology of the moon, which is an igneous cumulate complex. After some facts about the moon it looked at early ideas of the nature and origin of the moon, observations from earth, a look at both sides of the moon, major surface types – maria, highlands – craters and fieldwork near and on the moon. It finished with modern ideas on how the moon formed and some thoughts on impacting asteroids and volcanic eruptions. Facts The moon’s mass is 7.35x1022kg, 1.25% that of the earth. Its radius is 1,737km, 27.25% of the earth’s and its surface area 3.79x107km2, 7% of the earth’s. Its density is 60% of earth’s at 3.3g/cm3 and its gravity is 16.5% of earth’s at 1.62m/sec2. Its day is 27.322 earth days and temperatures range from +130oC to -130oC. As the only long-term natural companion of earth, the moon is a fairly large planetary body in its own right and has a complex geological history. 1t is 384,400km distant from earth, the equivalent of 60 earth radii. Early ideas Galileo Galilei was one of the first to make observations of the moon using a 20X telescope and published drawings of it in his Sidereii nunclus (1610). Thomas Harriot used a 6X telescope and produced the first drawings of the moon in 1609, before Galileo, and produced a map of the moon. -
Apollo 8 Artifacts Tell the Story of Exploration
Media Advisory CONTACT: Elizabeth Page (512) 936-4607 [email protected] Helmet worn by Apollo 8 Command Module Pilot James A. Lovell, Jr. On loan from the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Apollo 8 artifacts tell the story of exploration Smithsonian registrar to install items used on famous 1968 mission Items used by astronauts aboard the Apollo 8 mission will be installed June 3 at the Bullock Texas State History Museum as part of "The 1968 Exhibit," opening Saturday, June 7, 2014. A registrar from the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum will be in Austin Tuesday to oversee installation of the artifacts on loan as part of the traveling exhibit organized by the Minnesota History Center in partnership with the Atlanta History Center, the Chicago History Museum and the Oakland Museum of California, which is funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. "The 1968 Exhibit" will be hosted by the Bullock Museum in Austin from June 7 through September 1, 2014, in the Herzstein Hall. The artifacts are on loan from the National Air and Space Museum. **Installation Event What: Installation of 1968 Apollo 8 artifacts, including a full-scale replica of the Apollo 8 command module , a helmet worn by Command Module Pilot James A. Lovell, Jr.; a flight checklist used by Apollo 8 Lunar Module Pilot William A. Anders; and a chronograph, or watch, worn by Apollo 8 Commander Frank Borman. Who: Erik Satrum, Head Registrar, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution. When: 9 a.m. Tuesday, June 3, 2014 Where: Bullock Texas State History Museum - Herzstein Hall - 1st floor 1800 N. -
Little Learners' Activity Guide
LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER CAMERA Little Learners’ Activity Guide Learn about the Moon with puzzles, coloring, and fun facts! Mare Imbrium Mare Serenitatis Mare Tranquillitatis Oceanus Procellarum Mare Humorum Tycho Crater Visit us online at lroc.sese.asu.edu Online resources Additional information and content, including supplemental learning activities, can be accessed at the following online locations: 1. Little Learners’ Activity Guide: lroc.sese.asu.edu/littlelearners 2. LROC website: lroc.sese.asu.edu 3. Resources for teachers: lroc.sese.asu.edu/teach 4. Learn about the Moon’s history: lroc.sese.asu.edu/learn 5. LROC Lunar Quickmap 3D: quickmap.lroc.asu.edu Copyright 2018, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera i Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Fun Facts for Beginners • The Moon is 363,301 kilometers (225,745 miles) from the Earth. • The surface area of the Moon is almost as large as the continent of Africa. • It takes 27 days for the Moon to orbit around the Earth. • The farside is the side of the Moon we cannot see from Earth. • South Pole Aitken is the largest impact basin on the lunar farside. • Impact basins are formed as the result of impacts from asteroids or comets and are larger than craters. • Regolith is a layer of loose dust, dirt, soil, and broken rock deposits that cover solid rock. • The two main types of rock that make up the Moon’s crust are anorthosite and basalt. • A person weighing 120 lbs on Earth weighs 20 lbs on the Moon because gravity on the Moon is 1/6 as strong as on Earth.