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Final LEA 6 July 2018.Pdf FINAL REPORT OF THE SURINAME LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT FOR HIV The Country Coordinating Mechanism Suriname (CCM Suriname) & The Faculty of Law The UWI Rights Advocacy Project (U-RAP) Carla Bakboord MSc. Paramaribo, July 2018 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 6 Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 7 PART I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 17 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 19 1.3 Target population ............................................................................................................ 19 1.4 A brief overview of the country context and the contextual background to HIV .................. 19 1.4 Brief overview of the status of HIV Epidemic on key-populations and vulnerable groups 21 1.5 Methodology accountability .............................................................................................. 30 PART II SURINAME INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK WITH RESPECT TO HIV .............................................................................................................................................. 34 2.1 Suriname- Status of Ratification of Human rights treaties with respect to HIV and vulnerable populations ................................................................................................................................... 34 2.2 International and regional HIV and AIDS declarations, commitments and guidelines Surina me has committed itself to 38 2.3 Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) ...................................................... 39 2.3.1 Suriname’s obligation related to sexual rights, gender identity and non-discrimination ........ 40 2.4 Suriname human rights, declarations, commitments and guidelines related to HIV ............. 44 2.4.1 Conventions, declarations (b), commitments and guidelines related to HIV with respect to access to essential services incorporated in general comments ........................................................ 45 2.4.2 Conventions, declarations, commitments and guidelines related to HIV with respect to Equality of people living with HIV in public and private life ................................................................ 51 2.4.3 Human rights, declarations, commitments and guidelines related to HIV with respect to key populations ................................................................................................................................... 57 2.4.4 Human rights, declarations, commitments and guidelines related to HIV with respect to access to justice ................................................................................................................................... 66 2.5 National legal framework with respect to human rights ..................................................... 67 PART III SURINAME HIV/AIDS LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS ................... 72 3.1 National legislation and policies HIV with respect to access to essential services ................. 72 3.2 National legislation and policies HIV with respect to equality of people living with HIV in public and private Life ................................................................................................................... 83 3.3 National legislation and policies HIV with respect to key-populations and vulnerable groups 88 3.4 Access to Justice ............................................................................................................... 99 Annex 1 Resources ................................................................................................................... 102 Studies and articles ......................................................................................................................... 102 Annexes 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 107 Technical Working Group .............................................................................................................. 107 Annex 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 108 Key-stakeholders for consultation .................................................................................................. 108 Key-informants, experts and resource persons ........................................................................... 108 Annex 4 Questionnaires ................................................................................................................... 109 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms ADEK Anton De Kom University AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ARV Antiretroviral drugs ART Antiretroviral Therapy BAZO Basis Zorgverzekering. (Basic Health Insurance) BSS Behavioural Surveillance Study CBO Community Based Organization CCM Country Coordinating Mechanism CD4 Cluster Differentiation antigen 4 CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women COCON Communication Culture and Development Foundation COVAB Stichting Centrale Opleiding voor Verpleegkundigen en beoefenaren van Aanverwante Beroepen (Foundation Central Training for Nurses and practitioners of Related Professions) CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CSW Commercial Sex Worker CVC Caribbean Vulnerable Communities Coalition eMTCT Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission EID Emerging Infectious Diseases FBO Faith Based Organization FDG Focus Group Discussions FHH Foundation He and HIV FHLE Family Health and Life Education GAM Global Aids Monitoring GARPR Global Aids Response Program Reporting GCHL Global Commission on HIV and the Law HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIVDR HIV Drugs Resistance HTC HIV Testing and Counseling ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 2 ICPD International Conference on Population and Development IEC Information, Education and Communication ILO International Labor Organization LEA Legal Environment Assessment LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex LLRM Legal Literacy Review Manual MDG Millennium Development Goals M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MOH Ministry of Health MSM Men who have sex with men MZ Medical Mission of the Moravian congregation in Suriname NAP National AIDS Programme NSRHR National Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Policy NSP National Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS NGO Non-Governmental Organization OAS Organization of American States PAHO Pan American Health Organization PANCAP Pan-Caribbean Partnership against HIV/AIDS PCS Psychiatric Centre Suriname PLHIV People Living with HIV RGD Regional Health Service SOGI Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity S&D Stigma & Discrimination SDG Sustainable Development Goals SOZAVO Social Affairs and People’s Development SRHR Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights STI Sexually transmitted infection SBW Suriname Civil Code TANA Towards a New Alternative TB Tuberculosis TIA Trans In Action TWG Technical Working Group UN United Nations UNAIDS United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS 3 UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNGASS United Nations General Assembly Special Session UNICEF United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund UNODC United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime USAID United States Agency for International Development UWI University of the West Indies URAP The Faculty of Law Rights Advocacy Project; University of the West Indies VL Viral Load WHO World Health Organization WSW WomenSWay 4 Map of Suriname 5 Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost the human rights activists, relief workers, experts of both public and civil society sector who generously gave their time and shared their experiences. The assessment with such a scope and a tight time frame could not have been completed without the support of my colleagues, the Technical Working Group and the U-RAP team. I would like to thank my team, Ravina Bihari, Rubaani Bhikie; the Technical Working Group, An Autar, Bharti Manurat, Stephen Vreden, Lita Tromp, Eric Commiesie, Martin Odiit, Tania Kambel, Joan Telgt, Sandhya Soekhoe, Rachel Eersel, John Courtar, Mylene Pocorni and The Faculty of Law University of the West Indies Rights Advocacy Project, (U-RAP) team, Tracy Robinson, Ramona Biholar, Janeille Matthews and Andrew Hutchinson. I would also like to thank Jane Nanhu. I am tremendously grateful for all her expert editorial and judicial suggestions as well as additional research. This report is dedicated to all Surinamese people living with HIV, activists working in the field of HIV, those responsible for the development and implementation of policy and legislation and those responsible for the compliance with the international human rights conventions, regulations, commitments and national
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