“Richardson ” by eeetthaannn is licensed under CC by 2.0 Local Assessments Section A: RICHARDSON Operational Landscape Unit JURISDICTIONS WITHIN THIS SECTION Marin County Tiburon Mill Valley Belvedere Sausalito Alto Marin City Strawberry Tamalpais-Homestead Valley LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON flooding andsealevel rise. Each part ofthelocalassessmentprovides levels varying Each part ofdetailsatthree scales:1)Operational understanding theirlocal Landscape Unit(OLU), 2)IndividualDescriptions,and3)Shared Stories ofVulnerabilities inFocus shared vulnerabilities to Local assessmentsare organized by fourregional systemsassessed: Transportation, Vulnerable WHO IS THIS WHO ENDNOTES ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Focus Area A:Manzanita, Marin City&Waldo ...... FOCUS AREASANDOFIMPACT Areas PriorityConservation (PCAs)...... PriorityDevelopment Areas (PDAs) ...... WHERE AREWEIN THE REGION? Vulnerable Communities Transportation ...... WHAT WAS ASSESSED? WHAT SYSTEMS AREHERE? REGIONAL Anyone interested in Areas/Areas ofImpact. canbe This assessmentcanbereviewed inwhole,orindividualparts Communities, PriorityDevelopment Areas (PDAs), Areas andPriorityConservation (PCAs). FOR? A -2•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� reviewed separately dependingoninterest andlevel ofdetaildesired. UtilitiesProviders • SpecialDistricts • Counties • Cities • Local jurisdictions HOW TO USE THE LOCAL ASSESSMENTS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ...... ���������������������������������������������������������������������� WHAT’S IN THIS ASSESSMENT? Interested Parties • Associations • • • Stakeholder Groups For-profits/Private Non-profits/NGOs HOW ISIT ORGANIZED? • Caltrans • State/Regional Residents • General Public MTC/ABAG 29 18 14 12 6 5 3 8 6 and boatresidentsanchoredoutinRichardsonBay. here includeMarinCity,theGatesCo-opHouseboatCommunityinSausalito, Tamalpais StatePark.Frontlineeconomicallychallengedcommunitieslocated and theMarinParklands,whichincludesMuirWoods,StinsonBeachMt. SR-1/Shoreline Highway,whichisthesingularaccessforTamalpaisValley transportation routetotheNorthBayandsouthtowardsSanFrancisco, and threatenresidentsaswelltheUS-101,whichisonlyland-based several harborsandmarinas.Floodingeffectsfromsealevelriseoccurearly unincorporated communitiesincludingMarinCityandStrawberry,aswell on theshoreline,includingTiburon,MillValley,Belvedere,andSausalito, tip oftheTiburonPeninsulaonnorthernend.Itincludesmultiplecities ranging fromjustnorthoftheGoldenGateBridgeonSouthernendto The Richardson OLU encompasses the entire in Marin County, Where areweintheregion?

A-3•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Approximate area of the OLU. Photo map data: Google, TerraMetrics, CSUMB SFML, CA OPC. CA SFML, CSUMB TerraMetrics, Google, data: map Photo OLU. the of area Approximate

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON Marin City,andWaldo FOCUS AREAA: Manzanita,

A -4•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART websiteART colors ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could beanotheroption for seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam alsolikedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART BayArea ColorPalette TRANSPORTATI be foundonthelabelsmap. this localvulnerabilityassessmentarelistedinthebulletsbelowandcanalso these fourregionalsystems.Individualassetsthatwereassessedaspartof present. Colorsareusedthroughoutthisdocumenttohelpnavigateacross The mapinFigure1ashowstheentireOLU,includingallregionalsystems (Methodology canbefoundinSection3.0LocalAssessments). help identifyregionallysignificantassetsthatwereco-locatedtogether Operational LandscapeUnit(OLU)boundarieswereusedtoorganizeand What regionalsystemsarehere? ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART LocalRoads • ManzanitaPark& • SausalitoFerry • SR-1 • US-101 • Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART Ride Terminal ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors INDIVIDUAL ASSETSASSESSEDWITHINBELOW: Figure 1a.MAPOFREGIONALSYSTEMSANDLIST ART websiteART colors 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors ART BayArea ColorPalette PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ON ART websiteART colors ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Marin City • Flood mapcolors Community Richm Railroad TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond A-5•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner ART websiteART colors Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PCA Trail Gaps Regional Richm Railroad 2 66” 52” TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- AREAS (PDAs) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY ond Unincorporated • Marin CountyPDA PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors 77” Richm Railroad Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond 77” ond PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Richm Railroad AREAS (PCAs) CONSERVATION PRIORITY TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) BothinWaterfront • SanFranciscoWater • SanFranciscoBay • ond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PCA Trail PCA Trail PCA ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 77” PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- 77”

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON TRANSPORTATION vehicles local, regional,andinter-regionalautomobiletrucktraffic,averaging131,500 via SR-37andI-580.Itprovidesimportantcommutertransportationservicefor Marin andSonomaCountiesprovidesaccesstotheNorthBayEast SR-1 US-101 What wasassessed? other accessroadsandDonahueStDrake AveleadingintoMarinCity. at 36”TWL,withsignificantfloodingimpacts at48”TWL,whenfloodingimpactsthe major roadwayinandoutofthisOLU.TherampnearBridgewayisfirstexposed the OLUbetweenMarinCityinSouthandGreenbraenorth.Itisonly vehicles perday. connecting roadisatSirFrancisDrakeBlvdin SanRafael.Itaverages33,000 limited roadwaysconnectingWestandEastMarin, andthenextwestbound Bay Area US-101. • SR-1providesaccesstowestMarin,including NationalParks.Thereare 1 and2,579trucks 3 • . WithinthisOLU,US-101isan8-lanehighwayinthewesternsectionof US-101istheprimarynorth-southtransportationarterythrough A -6•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 4 WithinthisOLU,itisfirstexposedat12”TWL atthejunctionwith 2 perday.Itisalsoadesignatedemergencyrouteforthe

TRANSPORTATION Richardson Bay Bridge and US-101. Photo map data: Google data: map Photo US-101. and Bridge Bay Richardson Manzanita Park & Ride • Located beneath the US-101 in Manzanita, the Manzanita Park & Ride is a key local hub for accessing Transit, Marin Airporter and “tech business” commute buses, regionally significant Muir Woods Shuttle run by , and carpools, which use the US-101. It already frequently floods due to rainfall and King Tides. It would become permanently inundated as early as 12” TWL.

Sausalito Ferry Terminal • Shared by and Blue and Gold Fleet and owned and maintained by the City of Sausalito, this terminal has an average annual ridership of roughly 800,000 (2015-2017).5 This is the fourth highest ferry ridership of the Bay Area after Larkspur, /Oakland, and Vallejo. Fare discounts are provided for seniors, youth, persons with disability, and Medicare users. The Sausalito ferry terminal operates on a floating system that will be able to withstand sea level impacts in the near-term. Access/parking lot impacts to the Sausalito ferry terminal are expected starting at 52” TWL.

Local Roads • Donahue Street and Bridgeway Boulevard are the only access roads for entering and exiting the US-101 in Marin City. If these roads flood, Marin City and the floating home community of Waldo will be isolated. Flooding already beings at 36” TWL on Bridgeway Boulevard and Donahue Street is flooded by 48” TWL. “ Richardson Bridge ” By Michael Arrighi TRANSPORTATION is licensed under CC BY 2.0 . OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 7 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Marin City• Housing Authority’slargest familypublichousingdevelopmentinMarin. buildings aswelllow-rise units.GoldenGateVillageinMarinCityserves asMarin federal government (HUD) built297unitsofpublichousinginhighrise apartment quickly becamethemajority ofthecommunityafterendwar. In1962,the Americans onlymadeuparound10%ofMarin City’spopulationduringWW2,they or duetolackoffinancialresourcesnecessary toleaveorrelocate.WhileAfrican City duetodiscriminatoryhousinglawsinother partsofMarinCounty,bychoice originally comefromtheSouthernstates,became permanentresidentsofMarin national average. ManyAfricanAmericanshipyard laborers,manyofwhomhad their jobs,raisingunemploymentrateto 15percent,whichwas3timesthe the endofWW2manyAfricanAmericansemployed intheBayArea’sshipyardslost States thatwereemployedat Marinship,theSausalito waterfrontshipyard.After Authority in1942duringWW2ordertohouseworkersfromallovertheUnited Marin CitywasbuiltbythefederalgovernmentandCountyHousing capacities thatarecriticaltobringintotheplanningprocess. vulnerability rankcouldandlikelywillhaveverydifferentneeds,considerations, the communitiesconsidered.Similarly,blockgroupsorwithasimilar for anyplanningpurposes,thisdatashouldbeground-truthedandvettedwith research, andinsomecasesstakeholdercommunityvetting.Beforethisisused provided somehistoryandcontextfortheseareas,primarilygatheredviadesktop The blockgroupsthatwereassessedcanbereferencedintheappendix.Wehave Two blockgroupswereassignedtoacommunitycalled“MarinCity.” A -8•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Marin City. Photo map data: Google data: map Photo City. Marin SOCIAL VULNERABILITYPERCENTILES the region. are withinthe70th percentile in within the90thpercentile and6 considered 4characteristics are Characteristics: Inblockgroups Figure 2a least oneblockgroupinthe90thpercentile, vulnerability characteristicsareexhibitedinat or highestsocialvulnerability.Four Ttwo blockgroupsareconsideredhigh of residentialparcelsbecomeflooded. the GatewayShoppingCenterandaround60% TWL acriticalthresholdispassedatwhichpoint around 13%ofhousingunitsareflooded.At66” flooding inMarinCitybeginsat52”TWL,when artery inandoutofthecommunity.Residential critical here,asitistheonlytransportation flooding here.Thisearlyisespecially include stormdischargewhichalreadycauses highways itselffloodsat48”TWL.Thisdoesnot 101 accessroadsbeingsat24”TWL,whilethe earlier flooding ofUS-101. ExposureUS- TWL, butthecommunityisheavilyaffectedby Residential housingisnotaffecteduntil52” level riseandenvironmentaljusticeadvocacy. advocacy andhavebeenactivelyinvolvedinsea active andengagedincommunitybuilding housing. Community membersinMarinCityare people live inpoverty,and half live in subsidized is halfthatofMarinCounty,aroundathird Marin County.Themedianhouseholdincome higher income,predominantlywhitesuburbsof economically instarkcontrasttothenearby Today, MarinCityremainsraciallyand 70th percentile 90th percentile . SocialVulnerability A-9•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

DISPLACEMENT RISK: GENTRIFICATION AND RANK: SOCIAL VULNERABILITY Under 5 Without ahighschooldegree Limited Englishproficiency Communities ofcolor Single parent households Without aVehicle Renters Severely housingcostburdened People with disability Low Income BCDC (2018). Community Vulnerability Indicators, Data Source: ART BayAreaRegional ranking occurred mostfrequently. *In blockgroups considered, this and/or Displacement Ongoing Gentrification and/or Displacement At RiskofGentrification Low IncomeHouseholds* Low Income-NotLosing Highest * High * Moderate Low

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES PERCENTILES FORMARINCITY CONTAMINATION BURDEN the region(Figure3a). least oneblockgroupatinthe90thpercentile Four contaminationburdensareexhibitedinat are alsorankedassociallyvulnerable. at areasthathavecontaminationburdenifthey that werenotconsidered.Inshort,weonlylook the designatedfunctionalcommunitygrouping contamination burdenthatwerenotALSOin that scoreinthemoderate,high,orhighestfor This meansthattherecouldbeblockgroups included inthefunctionalcommunitygroupings. burden wasassessedonlyfortheblockgroups the startingplaceforanalysis.Contamination In thissection,socialvulnerabilitywasusedas water bodiesmorethanthegeneralpopulation.” on fish,aquaticplantsandwildlifeinnearby near thewaterbody.Groupssuchastribalorlow-incomecommunitiesmaydepend These impairmentsarerelatedtotheamountofpollutionthathasoccurredinor water iscontaminatedbypollutants,thebodiesareconsideredimpaired. recreation andfishingmayprovidewaterfordrinkingoragriculture.When Hazard Assessment(OEHHA)states“Streams,riversandlakesareusedfor according toCalEnviroScreen3.0.TheCaliforniaOfficeofEnvironmentalHealth contamination. MarinCityisinthe90 In additiontosocialvulnerability,MarinCityisalsoimpactedbyenvironmental with sixcharacteristicsinthe70thpercentileregion(Figure2a). percentile. region andnoneare inthe70th is withinthe90thpercentile in the Marin City, 1contaminationburden In blockgroups considered for Figure 3a 70th percentile 90th percentile . ContaminationBurdens: A -10•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

th

percentilefor ImpairedWater bodies BURDEN RANK: CONTAMINATION N/A Impaired waterbodies BCDC (2018). Community Vulnerability Indicators, Data Source: ART BayAreaRegional ranking occurred mostfrequently. *In blockgroups considered, this Highest High Moderate Low * first exposed to flooding. Table andFacilities: 1a�CriticalServices andfacilities.Bluebarsrepresent Firstexposure ofcriticalservices whenassetis Fire Stations Community Police and Hospitals Places of Services EXPOSURE OFCRITICALSERVICESANDFACILITIESINMARINCITY table reflectpotentialriskstocriticalfacilitiesintheabsenceofadaptationplanning. and/or permanentfloodingthatmayoccurwithfuturesealevelrise.Valuesinthe Total waterlevels(TWLs)areusedtorepresentvariouscombinationsoftemporary TWL. facilities maybeatrisk.Firstexposureofassessedcriticalbegins77” services willalsobeimpactedbyflooding.Table1aprovidesdetailsonwhatcritical Critical servicesandfacilitiesthatprovidefoodaccess,medicalcare,emergency Faith St Andrew Presbyterian Church (DonahueSt, Groceries andGoodsat Target (DonahueSt, Critical Facilities/Services Impacted The MarinCityHealthandWellness Center Marin CountySheriff’s Substation andFire Marin County Fire Department MarinCity Marin CountyFire Department Station (Drake Ave, Marin) (Drake Ave, Sausalito) A-11•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA (Drake Ave, Marin) Sausalito) Sausalito)

2 4 6 8 2 6 7 4 6 108″ 96″ 84″ 77″ 66″ 52″ 48″ 36″ 24″ 12″

CC by 2.0 by CC under

is licensed licensed is eeetthaannn by ” Bay Richardson “ City. Marin of view A

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREAS (PDAS) Unincorporated Marin City County PDA South. Photo map data: Google.

Unincorporated Marin County PDA • The Unincorporated Marin County PDA encompasses urbanized areas along the 101 Corridor throughout Marin County, specifically land within a half mile of US-101. The Transit Neighborhood PDA actually covers two distinct areas: a portion just south of the Downtown San Rafael PDA in a neighborhood called Park, and a southern portion on Richardson Bay that includes Marin City. The Marin City regional transit hub located on Donahue Street near Terners Drive provides access to , Marin Transit as well as the Muir Woods and West Marin Stage shuttle PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREA DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY service and is the second busiest bus transfer location in Marin County, serving more than 3,000 people daily.

Marin City is currently primarily residential in use and contains the only family public housing building in Marin County. Commercial uses are concentrated in the Gateway Shopping Center. Plans for the PDA include additional housing, a range of jobs, expansion of existing commercial and industrial areas, and new workforce OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: housing.6

Marin City is unique in that there is only a singular point of vehicular access between it and the rest of Marin County at Donahue Street underpass and highway ramps. There is no alternative access if the road at this location is impassable. Marin City has a history of experiencing major flooding that has disrupted movement of people in and out of the community. Inability to move in and out of Marin City is especially concerning due to the large number of older adults whose LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 12 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA CURRENT AND FUTURE HOUSING AND JOBS

Residential medical needs require access to health services Housing Units located outside of the community. Existing in 2010: 1,664 Exposure of US-101 access roads beings as early as 24” TWL, while the highway itself floods at Projections for 2040: 1,791 48” TWL. This does not include storm discharge which already causes flooding here, impacting Percent Growth: 141.5% access in and out of the community. At 66” TWL a critical threshold is passed at which point the Gateway Shopping Center and around 60% of Job residential parcels become flooded. Spaces

Note: this PDA contains portions within this OLU Existing in 2010: 625 and the San Rafael OLU. This section describes the portion of the PDA within this OLU. The portion in Projections for 2040: 739 San Rafael OLU is described in the San Rafael OLU Percent Growth: 321.1% section. Data Source: Plan Bay Area 2040, MTC/ABAG (2017).

EXPOSURE OF CRITICAL FACILITIES PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREA DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY

No critical facilities that were analyzed were impacted within the Unincorporated Marin County PDA. However, other critical facilities outside the scope of this project may be impacted. OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 13 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREAS (PCAS) Bothin Marsh and Bay Trail. Photo map data: Google.

San Francisco Bay Trail PCA • The Trail is a 500-mile regional trail PCA DESIGNATION: that, upon completion, will circumnavigate the bay. The trail connects people and communities Natural Landscapes to each other, to parks and open space, to home, work and recreation, and to countless Agricultural Lands areas of cultural and historic interest. It Urban Greening provides opportunities for health and fitness, Regional Recreation PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA CONSERVATION PRIORITY increased transportation options, opportunities to observe, learn about, and care for the environment, and provides economic benefits FUNCTIONS/BENEFITS: to the region through growing tourism.7 Within this OLU, the Bay Trail exists along nearly the entire shoreline. A notable section is the • Recreation Mill Valley-Sausalito Multiuse Trail, a former • Community Health OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: railroad right of way atop an earthen berm • Transportation that serves Mill Valley, Marin City, Waldo Point and Sausalito. The only proposed sections in • Economic Development the entire OLU are located near the census- • Environmental Stewardship designated places of Strawberry and Alto. The trail is first exposed at 12” TWL, with significant Data Source: MTC/ABAG Priority Conservation Areas Program (2017). flooding impacts by 36” TWL. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 14 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA San Francisco Bay Water Trail Sites PCA • The Water Trail is a network of launching and landings sites for non-motorized watercrafts (e.g. kayaks, stand-up paddleboards, wind and kite surf, etc.) around the San Francisco Bay and its major tributaries, including the , , and .8 Within this OLU, there are 10 Water Trail Designated Trailheads (6 near Sausalito, 2 near Strawberry, and 2 near Tiburon). The trailheads are first exposed at 12” to 24” TWL, with significant flooding and access impacts at 48” TWL. “ Biking in Marin ” by Fabrice Florin is licensed under CC by 2.0 PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREAS DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 15 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA “ of Bothin Marsh” by Fabrice Florin is licensed under CC by 2.0

Bothin Waterfront PCA • The Bothin PCA DESIGNATION: Waterfront PCA covers the Bothin Marsh Preserve. The 106-acre tidal is home to several endangered species, shorebirds Natural Landscapes and waterfowl and is located in Mill Valley, Agricultural Lands alongside SR-1/Shoreline Highway, US-101 Urban Greening and Richardson Bay. It includes flat trails for walking, hiking, and biking, including the Charles Regional Recreation McGlashan Pathway, which links the Tamalpais Valley/Almonte community with the Mill Valley-

PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA CONSERVATION PRIORITY FUNCTIONS/BENEFITS: Sausalito Multiuse Path, and provides access from Manzanita and Waldo Point. It is first exposed at 12” TWL, with significant flooding • Recreation beyond the marsh and into the developed • Community Health shoreline at 36” TWL. • Environmental Stewardship

OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: There are many ecosystem services of the • Economic Development Bothin Waterfront PCA including providing , recreation, and stormwater services • Transportation (Figure 4a).

Data Source: MTC/ABAG Priority Conservation Areas Program (2017). LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 16 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Habitats Stormwater

Bird Hot Spots 186 acres Annual Runoff Retention 66 million gallons Ridgway’s Rail 124 acres Groundwater Recharge N/A

Sandy Gravel Beaches 62 acres Flood Water Retention 4.9 million gallons AREAS DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY Tidal Marsh 186 acres

Recreation Carbon Storage OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: Approximate 42 photo user No soil organic matter N/A Visitation Rates days (PUD) quantified.

Figure 4a. Ecosystem Services of PCAs. Statistics on , recreation, carbon storage and stormwater retention in PCAs. Data by the ART Bay Area Natural Capital Project (2019). LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

A - 17 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND systems Figure 5a. Top: Identificationofwhere Focus Area iswithinOLU. Bottom: Mapof Focus Area containing regional .

Individual assetsassessed inthisFocus Area are labeled onthemapandlistedfollowingpage. Manzanita, MarinCity&Waldo Focus Area A: (Figure 5a). businesses, residentialareasandhouseboatmarinas Marin City,andWaldo,whichincludecommercial OLU andencompassesthecommunitiesofManzanita, This FocusAreaislocatedwithinthewesternhalfof Location A -18•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could beanother option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors ART websiteART colors ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could be anotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART BayArea ColorPalette TRANSPORTATION collaborations andcoordination. vulnerabilities andconsequencesistoencouragemulti-benefitsolutionsthrough and exposuretofloodingaswaterlevelsrise.Thegoalofcommunicatingshared level risearediscussedtogetherinsharedstoriesoftheshoreline,overtopping, systems inthisarea,thevulnerabilitiesofthesetofloodingandsea vulnerable community.Duetooverlapanddependenciesamongtheseregional including numeroustransportationroutes,aPDA,multiplePCAs,andtheMarinCity This FocusAreawasselectedbecauseitcontainsavarietyofregionalsystems, Why sharedstoriesofvulnerability? ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART SausalitoFerry • US-101 • SR-1 • Option #2 Color Report ART Could beanother option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Terminal ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors ASSETS ASSESSEDWITHINTHISFOCUSAREALISTEDBELOW: Figure 5a.MAPOFREGIONALSYSTEMSANDLISTINDIVIDUAL ART websiteART colors 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors ART BayArea ColorPalette PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” Could beanother option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART websiteART colors ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 MarinCity • Flood mapcolors Community Richm Railroad TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Bay PDA R South PCA Trail SF Water A-19•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner ART websiteART colors Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PCA Trail Gaps Regional Richm Railroad 2 66” 52” TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- AREAS (PDAs) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY ond Unincorporated • Marin CountyPDA PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Richardson Bay. Photo mapdata:Google, TerraMetrics, CSUMBSFML,CAOPC. Flood mapcolors 77” Richm Railroad Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond 77” ond PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Richm Railroad AREAS (PCAs) CONSERVATION PRIORITY TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) SanFranciscoBay • SanFranciscoBay • ond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- Water TrailPCA Trail PCA ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 77” PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- 77”

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND Shoreline todayandintothefuture DEVELOPMENT TYPE STORY SHORELINE SHORELINE adaptation strategiesfortheMillValley-Sausalito MultiusePath Gate NationalParksConservancy,andMarinCounty Parks)isexploringpossible Marsh EvolvingShorelinesProject(ajointproject betweenOneTam,theGolden to itsregionalcriticalityandalready-occurring flooding.Additionally,theBothin US-101 andSR-1intersection(wheretheManzanita Park&Rideislocated)due Multiple conversationsareunderwaytoevaluate adaptationmeasuresforthe inland. comprised ofanarrowbandwetlandadjacenttoslightlyuplandareasfurther adjacent totheshoreline.TheshorelineatManzanitaandAlmonteismainly shoreline. Anat-gradeportionoftheMillValley-SausalitoMultiusePathisalso US-101 adjacenttoMarinCity,Waldo,andManzanitaarealllocatedalongthe The shorelinehereisprimarilywithinunincorporatedareasofMarinCounty. both localcreeksandthe Bay. already floodsduring King Tideeventsanditslocationinhibitssediment flowfrom former railroadright-of-way onaberm.TraversingBothinMarsh,the pathway STORY What istheshorelinemadeupofnow? future? How willtheshorelinechangein A -20•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 9 , ontopofthe

A-21•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

2.0 BY CC under licensed is André Pierre by ” Sausalito of City “ View from Sausalito from View “ 2.0 BY CC under licensed is smi23le by ”

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND Current andfuturefloodingrisk OVERTOPPING FLOODING EXPOSURE of SouthernMarinCounty (Figure7a). also becomesexposed at52”TWL,whichisanotherformoftransportation inandout parcels becomeflooded.Theparkinglotand accesstotheSausalitoFerryTerminal passed atwhichpointtheGatewayShopping Center andaround60%ofresidential when around13%ofhousingunitsareflooded. At66”TWLacriticalthresholdis Mill Valleybecomeexposed.Residentialflooding inMarinCitybeginsat52”TWL, County. Additionally,portionsofMarinCity,Tamalpais JunctionValley,Almonte,and US-101, whichitselfservesastheonlyregional autoconnectioninandoutofMarin Marin Citybecomesflooded.Donahuestreet alsoservesastheonlyaccesspointto along CoyoteCreek.At48”TWLDonahueStreet, theonlylocalroadinandoutof Significant residentialexposureoccursinthe community inTamalpaisJunctionValley Bridgeway Boulevard,whichalsoservesasanaccessroadtotheUS-101Northbound. the commercialareaaroundGate5Road,houseboatmarinaparkinglotsand the BothinMarshandalongManzanita.Waldoalsostartstoexperiencefloodingof Marin Parklands.At24”TWL,theBayTrailbecomesalmostcompletelyfloodedin and KingTideevents. local shoppingcenter. to thefloodingoflargeportionsresidentialdowntownMarinCityaswell US-101 itself.Anothercriticalthresholdisreachedat66”TWL,whenovertoppingleads reaches acriticalthresholdthatleadstofloodingofallUS-101accessroadsandthe overtopped asearly24”TWL,impactingBridegway.At48”TWLovertopping northern endofSausalitoprotectsthelocalaccessroadstoUS-101,butbecomes STORY STORY A -22•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA These areasarealreadyfrequentlyclosedduringheavyrainfall highway touchdownstarttobecomeexposedasearly12”TWL. SR-1, ManzanitaPark&Ride,andtheBayTrailcloseto Where doesfloodingoccur? upstream CoyoteCreekby24”TWL.ThesectionofBayTrailatthe Valley-Sausalito MultiusePath).Overtoppingoccursfurther Point HarborandattheBothinMarshBayTrailsection(Mill Overtopping beginsimmediatelyat12”TWL(Figure6a)Waldo Where iswatercomingovertheshoreline? SR-1istheonlysouthernaccesstowestMarin,including (explorer.adaptingtorisingtides.org) to seemore TWLs. and/or significantfloodingthresholds. VisittheBay Shoreline FloodExplorer Figure 6a. Two total waterlevels selectedthatdemonstrate first overtopping OVERTOPPING ANDFLOODING are shownandcolored barsrepresent wheneachassetisfirstexposed to floodingimpacts. Figure 7a�Firstexposure ofregional systems�Individualassetswithinthe fourregional systems in thisarea Unincorporated MarinCountyPDA Regional SystemsImpacted FIRST FLOODINGOFREGIONALSYSTEMSASSESSED San Francisco Water Trail PCA PCA Sausalito Ferry TerminalSausalito Bothin Waterfront PCA Manzanita Park &Ride Marin CityCommunity 12” TWL Local Roads US-101 SR-1 A-23•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2 4 6 8 2 6 7 4 6 108″ 96″ 84″ 77″ 66″ 52″ 48″ 36″ 24″ 12″ 48” TWL Deeper depthofflooding Shallower depthofflooding Overtopping No overtopping

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND Shared vulnerabilitiestoflooding VULNERABILITY STORIES SHARED prepare for,respondtoandrecoverfromflood events. renters, andpeoplewithdisabilities,whichreduces theirabilityto and SR-1.MarinCityhasahighpercentageof low-income citizens, access roadsandtheregionaltransportation arteries, theUS-101 direct floodingofthedevelopedareasaswelltheir the localcommunities.Theyarevulnerabletosealevelrisethrough Marin CityandNorthernSausalitoprovidehousingservicesto Community 2. SocialVulnerability:MarinCityVulnerable adaptation strategies. managed, andgovernedindependently,complicatingcoordinationof ad-hoc tidalfloodprotectiontolocalcommunities,yetareowned, as theroadsarelocatednearshoreline,theycurrentlyprovide evacuation abilityofresidentsinthesurroundingcities.Additionally, Bay. Lackofredundantroadsalsohasfurtherimplicationsonthe North Bay,causingindirectimpactsontrafficinotherareasthe homes aswellseverelylimitnorth-southconnectionsfortheentire impact thelocalcommunity’sabilitytocommuteandaccesstheir rise attheManzanitaandMarinCityinterchanges.Floodingwould arteries forgoodsandpeoplemovement,arevulnerabletosealevel The functionsoftheUS-101andSR-1,ascriticaltransportation 1. RegionalTransportation:US-101andSR-1 shared multi-benefitsadaptationsolutions. interconnections amongandacrosslocalsystems,encourage shared storiesofvulnerability.Ourgoalistoemphasizethe within eachFocusArea.Thevulnerabilitystatementsbelowreflect then sharedvulnerabilitieswereidentifiedforregionalsystems Vulnerability assessmentswereconductedonindividualassetsand A -24•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

protection valueitposes tolocalcommunities. species habitataswell as haveimpactsontherecreationalandflood Permanent inundation of theBothinMarshwouldthreatencritical inland duetotransportationinfrastructureon thewesternedge. in thisareaoftheBay.Themarshhaslimited room tomigrate for MillValleyresidentsandisoneofthefewremaining marshes recreation opportunitiestovisitorsaswell ad-hoc floodprotection Bothin Marshprovidescriticalhabitatforendangered species, 4. RegionalHabitat:BothinMarsh surrounding communities. limiting shorelinerecreationandnon-motorizedcommuteoptionsfor sections are already subject to flooding today during King Tide events, rail right-of-wayraisedbermsandat-gradenaturalshorelines,several trafficked multiusepathinMarinCountyParks.Locatedonformer provides recreationandcommutertransitisthemostheavily The BayTrail,alsoknownastheMillValley-SausalitoMultiusePath, 3. Regional Recreation:BayTrail A-25•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA “Birds ofBothinMarsh ” by Fabrice Florin islicensedunderCCBY 2.0

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND Shared consequencestoflooding CONSEQUENCE STORIES SHARED negative effectswouldextendtoneighboring BayTrailsegmentsaswell. using thetrail.Sincefloodingwillseverconnectivity alongtheBayTrail,these even temporaryfloodingormudanddebris can precludetheseindividualsfrom The BayTrailalsoallowslimited-mobility residents toaccesstheshoreline;however, damaged, residentswillloserecreationandnon-motorizedtravelopportunities. of theBayArea.IfTrailadjacenttoMarinCityisdisruptedorpermanently The BayTrailprovidesfreeshorelinerecreationandtransportationtoallresidents well. alternative regionaltransportationpathwayinthisareaifUS-101isimpassableas by dailycommutersandalsoposesanemergencyevacuationrisk,beingtheonly Flooding oftheBayTrailandSausalitoFerryTerminalaccesswouldpreventuse and firestationduringemergencysituations. also apublichealthriskposedbyoverburdeningtheonlylocalcarecenter and churches,wouldprovideenoughcapacityduringamajorfloodevent.Thereis homes andjobs.Itisunclearwhethertheemergencyshelters,inMLKAcademy impacted bythefloodingofUS-101,leadingtopeoplenotbeingablereachtheir event duetolimitedfinancialresources.Bothcarandbustransitwouldbedirectly The localcommunitywouldbeespeciallyburdenedduringanextendedflood on US-101mayentirelypreventhighwaymovementintoandoutofMarinCity. interchange createsthepossibilityofisolatingcommunityandroadwayflooding consequences forthiseconomicallychallengedcommunity.FloodingattheUS-101 commerce andliving. transportation andrecreational benefitsandlimitaccesstoplacesof work,school, Flooding andlong-term disruptionoftheBayTrailduetofloodingwould reduceits a potentialcostforlocalandregionaltaxpayers. a floodevent.Flooddamagetopublichousing anditssubsequentrepairalsoposes workplaces, limitingtransportofgoods,andby incurringthecostsofrecoveryafter economy bypreventingcommutersfromtraveling betweentheirhomesand Economy • Society andEquity• The closureofUS-101wouldhaveimpactson theentireregional A -26•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA and theEnvironment. through framesofsustainability:SocietyandEquity,theEconomy of shared consequences. The ARTprogramconsiders consequences This sectiontranslatessharedvulnerabilitystatementsintostories Marin City’svulnerabilitytofloodinghasmany Environment • protection byactingasthefirstlineofdefenseinmanyareasshoreline. diminished orlostaltogether.TheBayTrailalsoprovidesadditionalshoreline and restoration.IftheBayTrailisdisruptedordamaged,thisopportunitywillbe , andnaturalareas,whichhelpsbuildsupportforenvironmentalprotection The BayTrailprovidesmillionsofArearesidentsanopportunitytoseethebay, resulting inalossofhabitatandrecreationalvalue. development neartheshorelinethereislittle,ifany,potentialforinlandmigration, small, yetvaluablestretchesofwetlandintheBothinMarshtodisappear.Due Permanent inundationinthisFocusAreawouldcausethe A-27•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA “ Richardson Bay BridgeatDawn ” by MichaelArrighi islicensedunderCCBY 2.0

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: RICHARDSON FOCUS AREA A: RICHMOND Advancing adaptationsolutions Regional HotSpotat24” TWL highest consequencesofflooding intheregion. Area contains clustersofassetsthathave amongthe Figure 8a FITTING INTO Vulnerable Community Transportation Infrastructure Regional HotSpot REGIONAL . RichmondHotSpot: asure of consequence Dataset wereidentifiedforeachregionalsystemtoprovideameasureofconsequence community blockgroup. transportation assetand2)eitheraPDAorPCA,3)thepresenceofvulnerable include placesthatcontainthetopfivehighestconsequencesinregionfor1)any highest consequencesaroundtheregion,called“RegionalHotSpots.”Theseareas STORY At 24” thisFocusTWL of The regionalscaleanalysisofARTBayAreaidentifiedclusters Regional HotSpots? How arelocalareascontributingto A -28•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA PCA PDA adaptation responsesforregionalissues. Chapter 4RegionalAdaptationprovides contamination. with significantsocialvulnerabilityand social vulnerabilityinlocalblockgroups visitation totheBothinWaterfrontPCA,and driven bytheRegionalBicycleNetwork, at 24”TWLTheMarinCityclusteris The assetsdrivingtheMarinCitycluster only at24”TWL(Figure8a). The MarinCityareaisaRegionalHotSpot of floodingintheregion. that haveamongthehighestconsequences Spot, meaningitcontainsaclusterofassets This FocusAreaispartofaRegionalHot Regional HotSpots. regional system can be found in Chapter 2.1 A fulllistofconsequencesusedforeach to quantify impacts in the event of flooding. to quantifyimpactsintheeventofflooding. Endnotes

1 “Traffic Census Program | Caltrans,” Facts and Figures, 2019, https:// dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census. 2 “Traffic Census Program | Caltrans.” 3 Lifeline Routes, Open Data Layer Library (San Francisco, CA: Metropolitan Transportation Commission, October 2, 2019), http://opendata.mtc.ca.gov/datasets/lifeline-routes. 4 “Traffic Census Program | Caltrans.” 5 “Golden Gate Ferry: Research Library,” accessed September 3, 2019, http://goldengateferry.org/researchlibrary/statistics.php. 6 “Housing and Jobs: PDAs, PCAs, & Urban Boundaries in Marin Coun- ty,” Plan Bay Area (Metropolitan Transportation Commission, n.d.), https:// www.planbayarea.org/sites/default/files/marin_pda_map-4.26.pdf. 7 “San Francisco Bay Trail – A 500-Mile Trail Around the Bay,” The San Francisco Bay Trail, 2019, https://baytrail.org/. 8 “San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail.” 9 “Bothin Marsh Open Space Preserve: Evolving Shorelines, a Vision for the Future and a Plan for Today” (One Tam, Marin County Parks, and Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, n.d.), https://parksconservancy.app.box.com/s/98ed6aotyyhs44nh0qtocjlnt3mb8430.

“View of Bothin Marsh” by D Coetzee is licensed under CC0 1.0 OLU: RICHARDSON OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

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