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Chapter 11: Islamic Civilization 368-371 CO11-824133 3/12/04 1:06 AM Page 368 Islamic Images Turner/Getty 368–369 Nabeel Civilization Muslims gather around the Kaaba at the Great Mosque in Makkah. A..D.. 600 600 A..D.. 900 900 1200 1200 1500 1500 c. A.D.610 A.D. 750 c. 1100 1258 c. 1375 Muhammad Abbasids Omar Khayyam Mongols Ibn Khaldun receives overthrow writes the burn writes prophetic call Umayyads Rubaiyat Baghdad histories 368-371 CO11-875047 9/18/06 7:01 AM Page 369 Chapter Overview Visit Chapter Preview jat.glencoe.com for a preview A few hundred years after the beginnings of Christianity, of Chapter 11. another important religion arose in the Middle East: Islam. Followers of Islam conquered much of the Middle East, northern Africa, and part of Europe. They also made great cultural contributions to the world. View the Chapter 11 video in the World History: Journey Across Time Video Program. The Rise of Islam The religion of Islam originated in Arabia. It was based on the teachings of Muhammad. Islamic Empires Followers of Islam, called Muslims, built large empires and spread their faith through trade and conquest throughout parts of Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. Muslim Ways of Life Muslims were skilled traders and builders. They established large cities and made many advances in mathematics, science, and the arts. Categorizing Information Make the following foldable to organize information about the people and places of Islamic civilization. Step 1 Collect two sheets Step 2 Fold down the top edges Reading and Writing of paper and place them of the paper to form four tabs. As you read, use your about 1 inch apart. foldable to write down what you learn about Islamic civilization. This makes all the tabs the Write facts under each Keep the same size. appropriate tab. edges straight. Step 3 When all the tabs are the same size, crease the paper to hold Islamic Civilization Staple the tabs in place and staple the sheets The Rise of Islam along the fold. together. Turn the paper and label Islamic Empires each tab as shown. The Muslim Ways of Life 369 368-371 CO11-824133 7/15/04 5:48 PM Page 370 Main Idea Main Ideas and Details Main ideas are the most important ideas in a paragraph, section, or chapter. Supporting details are facts or examples that explain the main idea. Read the following paragraph from Section 3 and notice how the author explains the main idea. Several things explain the success of Muslim trade. When Muslim empires expanded, they spread the Arabic language. As a result, Arabic became the lan- guage of trade. Muslim rulers also made trade easier by provid- ing merchants with coins. —from page 388 Supporting Detail Often, the first sentence Supporting Main Idea Supporting in a paragraph will Detail Detail contain a main idea. Supporting details will come in following Supporting Detail sentences. 370 368-371 CO11-824133 3/21/04 10:46 AM Page 371 Using a Graphic Read to Write “The famous Mogul ruler Akbar could not Organizer read, yet he set up a Read the following paragraph, and find the main idea large library because he and supporting details. Create a graphic organizer like the valued education, books, one that appears at the bottom of page 370. and art.” Write a letter to Akbar telling him about your favorite book and why it should be included in his library. Times were good in India under Akbar. Farmers and artisans pro- duced more food and goods than the Indians needed. As a result, trade increased. Muslim merchants brought paper, gunpowder, and fine porcelain from China to India. In addition, Muslim architects intro- duced new building styles, such as the arch and dome, to India. —from page 386 As you read Chapter 11, create your own graphic organizer to show the main idea and supporting details from at least one paragraph. 371 Paul Dupuy Museum, Toulouse, France/Lauros-Giraudon, Paris/SuperStock 372-378 C11S1-875047 9/18/06 7:24 AM Page 372 The Rise of Islam What’s the Connection? Locating Places Previously, you learned about Makkah (MAH•kuh) early empires in southwest Asia. Kaaba (KAH•buh) During the A.D. 600s, people called Madinah (mah•DEE•nah) Arabs began a new empire in the region. The driving force behind Meeting People their empire building was the religion Bedouin (BEH•duh•wuhn) of Islam. Muhammad (moh•HAH•muhd) Focus on the Building Your Vocabulary • The deserts, coastline, and oases of oasis (oh•AY •suhs) Arabia helped shape the Arab way sheikh (SHAYK) of life. (page 373) caravan (KAR•uh•VAN) • The prophet Muhammad brought the Quran (koh•RAHN) message of Islam to the people of Arabia. (page 374) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Use a • The Quran provided guidelines for diagram like the one below to identify Muslims’ lives and the governments the Five Pillars of faith. of Muslim states. (page 377) Five Pillars of Faith A..D.550.550 A..D.. 600 600 A..D.650.650 A.D. 570 c. A.D.610 A.D.630 Muhammad Muhammad receives Makkah surrenders Madinah is born prophetic call to Muhammad Makkah (Mecca) 372 CHAPTER 11 Islamic Civilization 372-378 C11S1-875047 9/18/06 7:31 AM Page 373 Daily Life in Early Arabia Bedouins lived in tents and ate dried fruits and nuts. They drank the milk of their The deserts, coastline, and oases of animals. Only rarely would they eat meat. Arabia helped shape the Arab way of life. Their animals were much too valuable to be Reading Focus Do you ever think about how rainfall used as food. shapes your life? Read on to find out how lack of rain helped shape the Arabs’ way of life. Trade and Towns Many Arabs lived in vil- lages where they farmed or raised animals. Desert stretches over most of the Arabian These villages were near oases or in the peninsula. The heat is intense, and a sand- mountain valleys. storm can blind any traveler. Water is found Some of the villagers were merchants only at oases (oh AY seez), green areas fed by who transported goods across the desert. To underground water. Not all of Arabia is dry, fend off attacks by Bedouins, many traveled however. In the mountains of the south- in a caravan (KAR•uh•VAN), or group of trav- west, enough rain falls to support plants eling merchants and animals. such as juniper and olive trees. By about A.D. 500, Arabian merchants To survive, Arabs formed into clans, handled most trade between India and the people related by family, and tribes who Mediterranean Sea. As their trade grew, were loyal to one another. The tribe’s head Arab merchants founded towns along the was called a sheikh (SHAYK). trade routes in Arabia. Makkah (MAH•kuh), also known as Mecca, became the largest Who Are the Bedouins? Some Arabs were and richest of them all. It was a crossroads desert herders. To water and graze their for merchants, and it was also an important camels, goats, and sheep, they went from religious site. The holiest place in Arabia was oasis to oasis. They were called Bedouins in this city. (BEH• duh• wuhnz). Today, many Bedouins still roam the desert and live in tents. Where did Bedouins graze their animals in the desert? Bedouin woman making bread 373 (l)DiMaggio/Kalish/CORBIS, (r)Kevin Fleming/CORBIS 372-378 C11S1-875047 9/18/06 7:38 AM Page 374 The Middle East, c.A.D.600 Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet N The prophet Muhammad brought the KEY W E message of Islam to the people of Arabia. Byzantine Empire S Reading Focus Have you ever heard someone speak Persian Empire and been moved to tears? The following paragraphs tell C Black Sea AU C CA a about a prophet who moved the Arab people with his S s U p S i words. Constantinople M a T n S 40°N ASIA . S e MINOR T a ig r i s Muhammad’s Message In A.D. 570 a man Mediterranean SYRIA R Sea . named Muhammad (moh• HAH• muhd) was Damascus E u PERSIA p h r Baghdad born in Makkah. An orphan, he was raised a Jerusalem t Alexandria es R. Persepolis first by his grandfather and then by an EGYPT P e N rs uncle. As a teenager, he worked as a cara- i i l a e n R R G van leader and became a successful mer- . u e lf SAHARA d Yathrib S chant. He married and had children. e 0 500 mi. a ARABIAN Despite his success, Muhammad was 0 500 km Makkah PENINSULA Lambert Azimuthal 20°N dissatisfied. He felt that the wealthy town Equal-Area projection (Mecca) leaders should return to the old ways. He YEMEN Arabian thought they should honor their families, Sea be fair in business, and help the poor. Muhammad went into the hills to medi- Islam, one of the world’s major tate. In about A.D. 610, he said he was visited religions, began in the Arabian by an angel and told to preach Islam. Islam Peninsula. means “surrendering to the will of Allah.” 1. Which empire was located Allah is the Arabic word for “God.” north and west of the Arabian Peninsula? Inspired, Muhammad returned to 2. About how far is it from Makkah Makkah. Everywhere he went, he told to Yathrib? people to destroy statues of false gods and Find NGS online map resources @ to worship only Allah, the one true God.
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