Midtemperature Solar Systems Test Facility Predictions for Thermal Performance Based on Test Data
Solar Kinetics T -700 Solar Collector With Glass Reflector Surface
Thomas D. Harrison
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?AND80-1964/7 Category Unlimited Release uc 62 Printed March 1981
MIDTEMPERATURE SOLAR SYSTEMS TEST FACILITY .PREDICTIONS FOR THERMAL PERFORMANCE BASED ON TEST DATA
SOLAR KINET~CS T-700 SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH GLASS REFLECTOR SURFACE
Thomas D. Harrison Experimental Systems Operation Division Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185
ABSTRACT
Thermal performance predictions based on test data are presented for the So~ar Kinetics T-700 solar collec tor, with glass reflector surface, for three output temper~tures at five cities in the United States.
This boOk was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor anv agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for th~ accuracy, completenCY.I, or uOO!UIMU t)l lilliV mlllllllAIIWt, lllJllfttntu~. l)f\l\,ly~t, vr pre~t41 dtiDIQM'd,. ~· represents that its usc would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herem to any. spec1ftc commercial product. PfOCCSS, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, .or Otherwtse, ~oes 001 necessarily constitute or imply in endorsement. recommendation, or favonng by th~ Unned ~l::tl I'WTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNUMI~O 3,4 f1 CONTENTS Page Introduc·tion 7 Description of the Collector 8 Results of the Test Program 8 Prediction of Thermal Performance 12 Previously Published Predictions 18 Reference 19 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector 9 2 Peak Efficiency Plot for the Solar Kinetics T~700 Solar Collector with Glass Reflector Surface 10 3 Heat Loss Plot for the Solar Kinetics T-700 Solar Collector with Glass Reflector Surfaqe 11 4 Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 r.nll P.r.t.nr. with Glass Reflector Surface w:i, th E-W and N-S Orientation and Fresno TMY Solar Data 13 5 Thermal Output of the.Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W an~ N-S Orientation and Albuquer.que TMY Solar Data 14 6 Thermal Output of the SnlRr. Kinetic~ T-700 Collector with Glass Reflecto~ Surface with F.-W nnn N-S Orientation and Fort Worth TMY Solar Data 15 7 Thermal Output of ·the Solar Kinetics T-.700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Charleston TMY Solar Data 16 8 Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Boston,TMY Solar Data 17 5 TABLE Table. 2 1 Predicted Annual Thermal Output (kWh/m ·yr) 18 .. 6 MIDTEMPERArURE SOLAR SYSTEMS TEST F~CILITY PR~DJCTIONS' FOR THERM~L P~RFORMANC~ aASEQ 0~ TEST DATA SOL~R KINETICS T~700 SOL~R COLLECTOR WJTa GLA§S R~fLECTOR SURFACE rnt:rodqction Sandia National Laboratories, Albuque:rque (S~L~), i$ cqrrently conducting a prog:ra~ to predict the performance and measqre the char acteristic$ of comme:rcially available solar collectors that have the potential for U$e in industria~ process heat and enhanced oil recovery applications. A detailed account of the methods used to make the predictions is given in Reference 1. For the convenience of the reader, some of this information is repeated in thi$ document. rhis document presents the thermal performance predictions for the Solar . I Kinetic$ solar line-focusing collector. The program is limited to thermal-performance only and does not include consideration of other factors, such ~Ei 1. Losse$ q.t the ends, q.t 913.ps, and from shadowing due to pq.cking, 2. Collector warm-up penalties, \. 3! Degrq.qq.tion of performance, 4. Cost of the collector, 5. LO$$.eS in the energy tran$port $.ystem and system warm-qp penq.lties, 6. Reliability, 7. Cost of iqstallation, 8. Cost of oper.qtion and m13.intenance~ and 9. Wind effects. The program is apthorized by the Department of Energy, Division of Solar ThermaL Energy System~, c~.nc.l pa:Ltially funded through the Solar Energy Research Institute. 7 Description of the Collector A photograph of the Solar Kinetics collector is shown in Figure 1. The module. has the. following chara'cteristics. Reflector configuration Parabolic trough Reflective surface , ·Glass Aperture dimensions 2.13 m x 6.10 m (7.0 ft x 20 ft) Aperture area 13.00 m2 (140 ft 2 ) Support structure Aluminum monocoque Tracking system Shadow band (DeLevan) .Drive mechanism Hydraulic Heat transfer·fluid 'l'herminol-66® Operating range 100° to 300°C (212° to 572°F) Manufacturer .solar Kinetics, P.o. Box 4'1045 Dallas, Texas . 75247 ', f 1 t Results of the Test Program This collector was tested at the Collector Module Test Facility (CMTF) at SNLA. From the test data, three parameters were defined. , 1 . Peak efficiency (n ) _:.. the efficiency of the collector when . p the sun's rays are at normal incidenc~ to the aperture plane (equivalent to solar noon) expressed as a funct~on of At/I. :t.t is the temperature difference between the heat t·rahsfer fluid outlet temperature and the ambient temperature in dParePs rentigra~e. T is the i.rrarliance of the suh in watts per square meter. 2 np = 80.7 - 67.6 At/I. - 33.4 (At/I) • (%) Peak efficiency is plotted in Figure 2. 2. Receiver thermal loss (QL) ~- the.heat lost per unit aperture area expressed as a function of At. 8 Figure l. Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector I-' 0 ,-.... 60 ~ 0... ~.. 50 >- u z l.J..I 40 ...... u ...... I..L. I..L. l.J..I 30 ::.<:: ex: l.J..I 0... o~------~------~------._------~------~------._------~ 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Figure 2. Peak Efficiency P: ot for the Solar K i n~tics T-700 Solar Collec~or w ~ th Glass Reflector Surface oL = o.o + 0.233 At + o~oo129 (At)2 (W/m2) Heat ioss is plotted in Figure 3. 150 c:'l- .....,._E 3 ._j cr .. .. V') 100 V') 0 --.1 i- <( w :I: 50 0 . 0 100 200 300 Figure 3. Beat Loss Plot for ·the Solar Kinetics T-700 Soiar Coiiector with Giass Reflector Surface 3i Optical loss coefficient (k ) ~- K , in conjunction with the 0 0 ehd"""loss coefficieht; :KE' and the ;,cosine effect;;; determine the incident angle modifier, K. Specificaily; K. KEcos8 • = K0 See Re:ferei'lt:e l• Th~ vaiues of K as a fUnction of e are 0 ·K K e (degrees)· 0 e. {degrees)- ·.o 0 1. 00 . 35 '1. 00 5 . 1.00 40 . u. 95 10 1. 00 45 0.90 11 .K K a (degrees) 0 a (degrees) 0 15 1.00 50 0.88 20 1.00 ·ss · o·. 86 25 1.00 60 0.82 30 1.00 Thes~. values of the incident angle modifier were verified on the SNI.A Coll~ctor Module Test Facility turntable. Pre~ic~i.on of Thermal Perfor~ance :. A computer program calculates the predicted thermal performance of the collector. The ·performance parameters defined above are the input data describing the collector while solar and weather data are provided by TMY data tapes. with this input, the computer program cal¢ulates' the thermal output of the collector. . . for each2 month . . of the . TMY·in units of kilowatt hours per square meter .(kWh/m) of collector aperture area. This calculation was made foi five locations: Fresno California~ Albuquerque, New Mexico~ Fort Worth, Texas~ Charleston, South Carolina~ and Boston, Massachusetts. Three different collector output temperatures and both E-W and N-S orientations were consideLed Figures 4 through 8 are graphical displays of the results of the computer pre~iction .. These figures show the monthly thermal output ') (kWh/m"-~mo) for each location, output temperature, and ulieu·tad.on. The monthly outputs have been summed tu give the annual output for each parametei variation, and the results are shown in Table 1. The compu~er predictions assume 1 square meter of collector aperture in the middle of a row of infinite length, with.no end or gap losses and no shadowing due to packing. 12 0 ~~----~--~--~------r-~~~--~--~~--~- X: 0 (f') "'-o u -. 0 I 0~------r~----~--~--~------~~~--~~~--~ .... ~S! w ~ a:::: ::::> ...... CI: 'a::·w CL. w~ ...... 00 fr 0 ~. oo 0 0~----~~--~---+------+------~------~----~ 0.0 2.0 4.0: 6.0. 8.0 10.0 MONTH "OF TMY· 0 ~~------~------~------.------~.------.------, X:~ 084------~------+------~~~~~~------~----~ (f')N ...... ·u 0 . ., Io .... ~. w ~~4------~------+~--~~------~~~~--+-----~ a:::: ::::> ...... CI: . a::· w CL. . -~- w f-4 ...... ::::> .a...... :::> 0 0 04------r------+--~--~------~------+-----~ 0.0 2.0 4.0 ·s.o .a.o ·~0 •. 0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY .. Figure 4. · Thermal Output of 'the Solar Kinetics _T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and.Fresno TMY Solar Data 13 0 -~,-----~~-----r------~-----.------,------. X: a en ''o-. I 0~------~~~~~------r------r~~~-r~~--~ ... 3: ~· w ~ 00::: ...... =:J !::>· 0~ tL w f 0.... => ::1: - Do w ~o-1------~----~-r------r------~~-----r------~ ...... _..J II) :r ...... z:f- -it a ...... :E: 5 0 04------~------~------~------~----~~------~ 0.0 2.0 1.0 - 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF' TMY 0 0,------~--~---.------.------.------.------, ~ Q 04------~------~------~------~------~------~ 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY Figure 5. Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Albuquerque TMY Solar Data 14 0 -~------~~----~------~----~------~----- ~ a en 'o...... u . 0 ~04------~------+------4~~~=-~------~----~ ~~ ~ 0 04------~------+------4------~~------~----~ o.o 2.0 i.O _. 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY 0 -g~.~------r------~------~------~------~------~ ~ a en u 'o...... 0 ~04------~------+----r-~~------~--~--+-----~ ~~ ~ 0 d~·~------~------+------4------~------+------~ 0.0 2.0 i.O 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY Figure 6: Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Fort Worth TMY Solar Data 15 0 -~-~------r------~------,------r------~----~ X: a en '-o u ~. 0 I 0~------r------;------~r------+------+-----__, 3~ ~ 0 04------~------4------~~------~------+-----__, 0.0 2.0 i.O 6.0 · B.O 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY 0 ~~----~~-----r------.-----~------,-----~- 0 en '-o u I84------+------;------r------+------+-----__, ·O 3- ~ 0 04------~------4------4~------~------+-----__, 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 B.O 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY Figure 7. Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Charleston TMY Solar Data 16 c -~~----~------~----~----~------~----~ :I:: a en ,-..'o u . 0 04------~------+------4------~------~----~ ~~I ~- c 9~------~------+------+------~------~----~ 0.0 • 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 MONTH OF TMY c ~~----~------~------r-----~------~----~ . - :I:: a en '6 u 0 -.IC4------~------+------~~------~------~----~ ~~ w.. ~ a:: :;:) 1- ..... ::J ~a:: 0... r.J ...... 0... ::J ~ De w..... ~~4------~----~~~~~~~~--~~--~~+-----~ ...... I :;:) z .....0... 0 :;:) :r: 0 00 .c. -~·... 8 04------~--~---+------4------~------~----~ 0.0 ·.2. 0 . 1.0 c.u e.o 10.0 12.0 ' . r"'10NTH OF TMY . . . ' . Figure 8. Thermal Output of the Solar Kinetics T-700 Collector with Glass Reflector Surface with E-W and N-S Orientation and Boston TMY Solar Data 17 Table .1 Predicted Ahnual Thermal Output {kWh/m 2 •yr) out.eut Temperature 100°C 200°C 300°C Solar Energy orientation Orientation orientat.ion Available E-W N-S E-W N--S E--W N-'S Fresno 2260 1183 1417 1005 1176 817 931 Albuquerque 2583 1373 1581 1186 1339 990 1093 Fort Worth 1764 953 1060 793 853 629 653 Charleston 1359 '/4~ 775 595 ~97 442 430 Boston 1173 599 643 469 481 343 341 Previously Published Predictions Thomas D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems Test Facility Predictions for Thermal Performance of the Solar. Kinetics T-700 Solar Collector with FEK 244 Reflector surface, SAND80-1964/l {Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, November 1980). Thomas D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar systems Test Facility Predictions for Thermal Performance of the Sun·tec Solar Collector w.ith Heat-Formed Glass Reflector Surface, SAND80-1964/2 {Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, November 1980). Thomas b. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems iliest Facillty Predictions for Thermal Performance of the Acurex Solar Collector with FEK-244 Reflector Surface; SAND80-1964/3 {Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, January 1981). Thomas D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems Test Facility Predictions for Thermal Performance Based on Test bata~ Sun-Heet·Non trackihg Solar cbllector, -S~ND80-19G4/4 {Albuquerque: Sandia NAtional Laboratories, March 1~81). 18 Thomas D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems Test Facility Predictions for Thermal Performance Based on Test Data: AAI Solar Collector with Pressure~Formed Glass Reflector Surface, SAND80-1964/5 (Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, March 1981). Thomas D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems·Test Faci~1ty Predictions for Thermal Performance Based on Test Data: Acurex Solar· Collector with Glass Reflector Surface, SAND80-1964/6 (Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, March 1981). Reference 1 T. D. Harrison, Midtemperature Solar Systems Test Facility Pro- gram for Predicting Thermal Performance of Line-Focusing, Concentrat ing Solar Collectors., SAND80-1964 (Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, November 1980). 19 . DISTRIBUTION: TID-4500-R66, , UC62 . ( 268), 11/80 AAI Corporation Argonne National Laboratory (3) P.O. Box 6787 9700 South Cass Avenue Baltimore, MD 21204. Argonne, IL· 60439 Attn:. K. Reed Acurex Aerotherm w. w. Schertz 485 Clyde Avenue . R. Winston Mountain View, CA 94042 Attn: J. Vindum BDM Corporation 1801 Randoiph Street A~vanco Corporation Albuquerque, NM 87106 999 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Attn: T. Reynolds Suite 314 El Segundo, CA 90245 Battelle Memorial Institute Attn: B. J. 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