National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Statistical and Scientometric Analysis of Effectiveness of Scientific Potential

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE State Institution “G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies”

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE: STATISTICAL AND SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL

Kyiv 2016 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE State Institution “G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies”

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE: STATISTICAL AND SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL

Kyiv 2016

UDC 330.341.1+001.895(083.41)(477) BBK 72(4Ukr) +65.013(4Eng)

Editor in Chief Academician of NAS of Ukraine V.L. Bogdanov

Authors: B.A. Malitsky, O.O. Grachev, O.N. Kubalsky, V.A. Kornilov, V.P. Rybachuk, V.I. Horevin, N.G. Videnina, L.R. Golovashchenko, L.P. Ovcharova

with participation of V.P. Bodeko, O.S. Vashulenko, A.P. Viktorova, T.V. Goncharova, L.Y. Kostenko, T.O. Kuhtenko, V.L. Maystrenko, O.N. Mishchuk, V.M. Palij, N.S. Petrenko, S.I. Prymachenko, T.M. Smirnova, O.P. Ulyanenko, L.O. Khomenko, Yu.V. Khomenko, Yu.A. Khomich

Recommended for publication by Scientific Council of the State Institution “G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of NAS of Ukraine”

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: scientometric and statistical analysis of effectiveness of scientific potential: / B.A. Malitsky, O.O. Grachev, O.N. Kubalsky, V.A. Kornilov, V.P. Rybachuk V.I. Horevin, N.G. Videnina, L.R. Golovashchenko, L.P. Ovcharova; Editor in Chief. Acad. of the NAS of Ukraine V.L. Bogdanov; NAS of Ukraine, State Institution "G.M.Dobrov Institute for Scientific.-Tech. Potential and Science History Studies of NAS of Ukraine " - K: Phoenix, 2016. – 228 p. - English.; ill. ISBN 978-966-136-323-5

The guide contains basic statistical data on scientific and technical potential and performance of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Materials of guide give an idea of the place and the role of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the scientific institutions of the state, including in the context of the sector and in the global context. Statistical data mainly cover the period from 2010 to 2014. In preparing the guide benefited the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the annual reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and international scientometric databases and scientific publications. The publication is intended for representatives of public authorities, researchers, university students, journalists and the general public. UDC 330.341.1+001.895(083.41)(477) BBK 72(4Ukr) +65.013(4Eng)

Foreword...... 8

I. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 12 І.1. Background information...... 17 І.2. Legal status of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and national sectoral academies of Ukraine...... 26

II. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the Global Science...... 39 ІІ.1. Cooperation and International Associations of Academies of Sciences...... 43 ІІ.2. National academies of sciences in the world countries...... 47

ІІІ. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the Science and Technology of Ukraine...... 49 ІІІ.1. Academy sector in Ukraine: national academies of sciences...... 49 ІІІ.2. R&D organizations by sector of performance...... 50 ІІІ.3. Percentage distribution of R&D organizations by sector of science...... 52 ІІІ.4. R&D organizations by national academies of sciences and ministries...... 53 ІІІ.5. Personnel by sector of performance...... 55 ІІІ.6. Personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries by occupation.... 57 ІІІ.7. R&D personnel by scientific degree...... 62 ІІІ.8. Researchers in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries by scientific degree...... 64 ІІІ.9. Researchers by scientific degree and age...... 69 ІІІ.10. Women performing R&D in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries by scientific degree...... 71 ІІІ.11. Part-time R&D performers in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 75 ІІІ.12. Doctors of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization...... 79 ІІІ.13. Candidates of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization...... 80 ІІІ.14. R&D funding of scientific organizations of Ukraine by sector of performance...... 82 ІІІ.15. R&D funding of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 86 ІІІ.16. R&D funding of national academies of sciences and ministries by source of funds...... 88 ІІІ.17. R&D projects performed by own resources of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 94

3 IV. Members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 99

IV.1. Full members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science...... 102 IV.2. Full members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age group..... 103 IV.3. Corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science...... 103 IV.4. Corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age group...... 104 IV.5. Foreign members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 105 IV.6. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, employed in the Ukrainian economy by type of organization: 2015...... 107 IV.7. Women – full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 107 IV.8. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by position: 2015...... 108 IV.9. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – awarded by state and foreign prizes and awards...... 109

V. R&D Output in Ukraine...... 110

V.1. Main R&D indicators of organizations by sector of performance...... 110 V.2. R&D projects performed by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 114 V.3. Publication activity of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 121 V.4. Applications for inventions to the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries... 124 V.5. Obtained patents and certificates for inventions in the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine in the organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 126 V.6. Applications for inventions to the foreign patent offices in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 128 V.7. Obtained patents and certificates for inventions in foreign patent offices by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 130

VІ. International Cooperation of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 132 VІ.1. International connections of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 132 VІ.2. Indicators of international scientific cooperation by sector of performance.... 132 VІ.3. Foreign trips of R&D personnel...... 135 VІ.4. Foreign trips of R&D personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries by trip duration...... 142 VІ.5. R&D grants obtained from international funds by research institutions of national academies of sciences and ministries...... 147

4 VIІ. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the Domestic and Global Research Area...... 150

VІI.1. Publications of Ukrainian researchers in “Scopus” database...... 150 VІІ.2. Publications of research institutions of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and higher education institutions and research organizations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine indexed in “Scopus” database: 2000-2013...... 153 VІI.3. Representation of research centers in “Ranking Web of World Research Centers”...... 155 VІI.4. Representation of scientific journals published in Ukraine in international databases by national academies of sciences and ministries...... 156 VІI.5. Impact indices of scientific journals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine published in Ukraine and included in international databases: 2014. 160 VІI.6. Representation of Ukrainian research organizations and higher education institutions in “Google Scholar” database...... 161 VІІ.7. Monitoring of publications about National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in mass media...... 163

VIII. International Comparisons of R&D...... 166 VIII.1. R&D personnel...... 166 VIII.2. R&D funding in the world...... 172 VIII.3. R&D output...... 182

ІХ. Supplementary Internal Statistics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 186 ІХ.1. Institutional structure of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 186 ІХ.2. Employees in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 187 ІХ.3. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by scientific degree...... 188 ІХ.4. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science and department...... 189 ІХ.5. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age...... 190 ІХ.6. Post-graduate and doctoral training in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: 2010-2014...... 191 ІХ.7. Foreign trips of researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine..... 197 ІХ.8. Funding of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from state budget...... 199 ІХ.9. Publishing in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 203 ІХ.10. Applications for invention and obtained patents and certificates for inventions in the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine...... 209 ІХ.11. Applications for inventions and obtained patents and certificates for inventions in foreign patent offices...... 210 ІХ.12. Creating and using intellectual property objects, implementing R&D...... 211

5 ІХ.13. Commercial agreements and contracts...... 212 ІХ.14. Foreign economic activities of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine...... 213 ІХ.15. Commercial agreements and contracts with domestic and foreign customers in 2014...... 214 ІХ.16. Researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine awarded by state prizes of Ukraine: 2000-2014...... 215 ІХ.17. Researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine awarded by the state awards of Ukraine: 2000-2014...... 215 ІХ.18. Institutions of NAS of Ukraine – holders of scientific objects of national heritage...... 216

Methodological Notes...... 221

Abbreviation

NAS of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine MES Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine IAAS International Association of Academies of Sciences CIS Commonwealth of Independent States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - an international organization that brings together 34 of the most economically developed countries in the world - most States of the European Union, the USA, Australia, Switzerland, Norway, South Korea, and Japan. G-20 Twenty Group is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors of 20 countries: 19 of the largest economies in the world and the European Union. Members of the "twenty" are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Great Britain, India, Indonesia, Italy, China, Korea, Mexico, Germany, South Africa, Russia, Saudi Arabia, US, Turkey, France, Japan, and the European Union. IAP InterAcademy Panel on International Issues TWAS Academy of Sciences for science development in developing countries (The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries )

Legend

A dash (−) – data not available and not included in total The dots (…) – data not applicable Zero (0; 0,0) – negligible value The symbol (×) – filling in character building category table does not make sense "Including", "them" – meaning that all of terms are not total

FOREWORD The scientific edition "National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Statistical and Scientometric Analysis of Efficiency of Scientific Potential", is a realization of an idea launched two years ago to publish a reference book on a regular basis. The second edition, in the same way as the first1, contains main data on the status and research activity and scientific output of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, including the monitoring of the NAS of Ukraine. As in the first issue, the reference book is complemented with data from the last three years and additional indexes. The content and structure of this publication is retained. The purpose of the authors is to show background and statistical materials should objectively reflect both the status and the role of the NAS of Ukraine in the science and technology system of the country and in a global context. Structurally, the guide consists of nine sections. The first section contains key information on the status, governing bodies, science and technology capacities and main directions as well as information on the scientific output of the Academy (cooperation with educational institutions, coordination of the research, innovation activity and implementation of scientific developments, publishing and expert activities as well as international cooperation). Texts of the articles of the Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Technical Activities" adopted last fall year (valid from January 2016) are given. The Law regulates the legal regime of the academic sector of Science and Technology of Ukraine. The second section provides a brief overview of information and data on types, prevalence and significance of the academic

1 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Scientometric and Statistical Analysis of Scientific Potential Efficiency: / B.A. Malitsky, O.O. Grachev, V.A. Kornilov, V.P. Rybachuk, V.I. Etokov, V.I. Horevin, N.G. Videnina, L.R. Golovashchenko; Editor-in-Chief. Corresponding Member of NAS of Ukraine V.L. Bogdanov; NAS of Ukraine, G.M. Dobrov Center for Scientific.-Tech. Potential and Science History Studies - K: Phoenix, 2014. – 142 p. 8 form of S&T organization existing in 114 countries of the world. Trends of an academy's formation of sciences, the first of which appeared in the seventeenth century, as well as international cooperation of contemporary academies and their associations, is characterized. The third section contains information reflecting the status of the NAS of Ukraine in the national S&T system: R&D capacity data of national sectoral academies of sciences of Ukraine and key ministries comparisons (e.g. Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Healthcare care, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry). In the fourth section, statistical data and a brief comment on the personal membership (full members, or academicians, corresponding and foreign members) of the NAS of Ukraine and its achievements are discussed. Some reports, initiated in the previous edition of the guide, raised interest from the readers. The fifth section is devoted to the statistical data on output of research activity and achievements reflecting scientific efficiency of NAS research institutions: publication and patent activities, participation in state scientific and technological programs, etc. The sixth section includes statistical indicators on international cooperation of scientific organizations of the NAS of Ukraine, sectoral national academies of sciences and some ministries, concerning foreign trips, participation in international conferences, performance of research on international grants, etc. The seventh section - "NAS of Ukraine in domestic and global information space", logically linked to the previous one, presents the scientometric estimations of representation of the Academy’s institutions and periodicals of Ukraine in the international databases of scientific publications, and also in the world rankings of scientific centers. The nomenclature of

9 journals of the NAS of Ukraine, reprinted in foreign languages abroad or published in English in Ukraine, is discussed. This issue of the publication is supplemented with a special (eighth) section, presenting comparative data on scientific and technological efficiency in Ukraine and other countries, especially the EU. The data given in this section largely shows the significance of the S&T sphere in social relations within the country and their role, assigned to them by governing bodies (government, parliament, president) in achieving sustainable development, solving pressing issues and meeting the spiritual, social and economic needs of society. The ninth section deals with information on the capacity and output indicators of research activity of departments, research institutions and the design and manufacturing enterprises of the NAS of Ukraine using data from departmental Statistics. Finally, the basic methodological explanations used in statistical catalogues of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine «Scientific and Innovation activities in Ukraine» are set out. Methodological explanations to sections II, IV, V and VIII are also given in the notes, footnotes to tables, and figures. Additional indicators in Section IX are filled in accordance with the methodology of departmental statistics of the NAS of Ukraine. The data book is based on statistical information from state and departmental statistics, materials from some publications and web search systems and databases. The main statistical data covers the last five-year period - from 2010 to 2014. In some cases, information from an earlier period is shown, including data for 2015 where possible. The information is presented in 156 Tables and 65 Figures grouped by indicator types in the 67 blocks (listed in the publication content) This guide is the second publication of this type, prepared in the G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine.

The authors wish to express their gratitude to all colleagues for providing feedback, comments and advice to the first edition and hope for further constructive cooperation in preparation future issues of the guide. The data book is addressed to government officials, research community, university students, journalists and a wider audience. The authors consider they have reached their objective if the book promotes impartial reasoning when discussing problems and elaboration of proposals and decisions on development of domestic S&T in general and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in particular.

I. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

The National Academy of Sciences was founded in November 1918 due to the efforts of V.I. Vernadsky, an outstanding scientist, and many other well-known Ukrainian scientists and government officials. From the early days of its existence, in very difficult socio-economic and political situation of that time, the Academy directed efforts to address the complex socio- economic and cultural problems of development of the Ukrainian people, forming the national intellectual capacities. The intellect and the work of academic scientists are embodied in many economic, social and cultural achievements of the Ukrainian people. The activity of the Academy of Sciences, especially under the presidency of academician B.Ye. Paton, is based through combining purposeful basic research with practical developments, which enabled to enhance the researchers’ input in the innovation- driven development of Ukraine, create new knowledge-based industries, expansion the output of products with high added value and increase of their market competitiveness. As early as in 70s of the past century, industrial utilization of the Academy R&D brought annually about USD 1.0 billion of economic effect. Welding technologies developed by Ye.O. Paton and coworkers (Electric Welding Institute), that had ensured during the war the most mass-scale output of the famous tank T-34, the building of dozens of entirely welded bridges and thousands of industrial constructions, advanced welding technologies for metal welding in space and welding of living human tissue, R&D support for elaborating powerful missiles, super heavy aircrafts, production of monocrystals and super hard materials, modern medicaments, fundamental results in the research of micro- and macro world, and many

12 other scientific achievements of the NAS of Ukraine are widely known in Ukraine and beyond. High technologies developed in the NAS of Ukraine pushed up modernization of many economic sectors, ensured manufacturing of unique domestic products and significant economic effects from their practical utilization. Thus, the transition in the 70' s of last century of the oil and gas system of the USSR to the large diameter pipes, manufactured with the significant contribution from Academy's researchers, and elaborating the unique automated equipment for their welding in the pipeline promoted rapid economic growth. The economic effect from exploitation of only the Ukrainian section of the pipeline is several folds higher than the budgetary investment in academic science. Even now, in difficult economic conditions, with deficit of funds, worn out research-experimental base, appearance of serious problems with preservation of academic schools and continuity of researchers’ generations, and other economic and social problems, the Academy continues to be the flagship of the national R&D and an important factor for the international image of Ukraine. The NAS of Ukraine is the leader by many R&D indicators. Most part of Ukrainian scientific editions included in international databases of scientific citations is published by the NAS of Ukraine. Twenty journals of the NAS of Ukraine are translated into English by foreign publishers; another 11 are published in English in Ukraine. The results of world level are getting every year in scientific institutes of the Academy. The scientists of NAS of Ukraine over the past decade carried out the basic research in the theory of strength structural materials, which are working in conditions of radiation exposure. Based on these results, and scientific and technological achievements of specialists from other disciplines - mathematicians, physicists, chemists, experts in materials science and power engineering -

13 managed to extend the term of exploitation of four blocks of nuclear power plants on 10-20 years. According to the evaluation of the State Enterprise "Energoatom", the economic impact of innovation for one such block only is about USD 1.5 billion a year. Significant technological and economic contribution to the development of railway transport is made by researchers from Ye.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute. They developed the technology and launched manufacturing of special equipment for butt-welding of high strength steel rails at the electric welding equipment factory (Kakhovka city). More than five thousand km of “velvet” railway have been laid by this technology, enabling to increase the speed of trains up to 160 km/h. Products of Ye.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute are currently used in 11 countries, including China and the United States. Export of this welding equipment is amounted to almost USD 230 million. The Academy’s researchers have been working intensively to solve the problems technological equipping of world-class of the Ukrainian health care system. Thus, the innovative technology elaborated in the Institute for Registration of Information for diagnosis and treatment of strabismus in children by use of the so-called micro plasma compensators has not in general any analogues in the world. There is an agreement with the interested organizations of China on joint manufacturing of micro plasma glasses. According to estimates of medical doctors, only in Ukraine this will help to restore the sight of more than 200,000 children. Experts of the International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine have developed equipment to restore motor functions disturbed due to serious diseases, based on the original technology of electronic image of motion and programming of the respective sequence of electric stimulation pulses. This equipment

14 compared with foreign counterparts has wider range of functions and, moreover, much cheaper. These and many other achievements of academic scientists, which they continue to receive even in the current situation of the reduced funding and forced to work part-time with meager salaries that are several times lower than in other sectors, being under the increasing psychological pressures from government officials and politicians seeking to destroy Academy, being guided not by common sense or true patriotism, but by narrow personal interests that are far from the national interests, demonstrate that the principles underlying activities of the NAS of Ukraine are effective and productive. The academic community gives them a fitting rebuff by own real contribution to the development of the country. The data presented in the guide to a large extent reflect the real place of the NAS of Ukraine in social relations in the country and the role assigned to it by the political power in achieving high goals and solving immediate problems and needs of the people. They show not only the vital importance of R&D for the successful development of the country, but also the understanding of this truth by the political power offices. The footing on R&D system, its comprehensive support and development is an imperative for effective growth in all the spheres of social life. The NAS of Ukraine among the first in the world began to turn into an original and effective national innovation system. Its experience of direct utilization of basic research in innovation processes on the highest scientific level assists the modernization of many national R&D systems. Since the middle of the last century, the number of national academies of science worldwide increased 1.5 times. Now they operate in 114 countries. Although each academy is a peculiar one, nearly all of them, if even established in countries with insignificant R&D

15 capacities, are focused on development of the basic research. Dissemination of the Academy form of R&D organization has a solid ground. It is recognized that depending on the chosen economic model science & technology factor provides for not less than 2/3 of GDP. More recent studies of economic effects of this factor suggest that basic research is crucial for the progress of a country. Countries that were rapidly developing earlier (Japan, Republic of Korea, China, etc.) give evidence that "borrowing" of knowledge at an early phase of growth would be inevitably followed by the phase of maturity and utilization of the results of domestic basic research. Peculiar forms of the academic organization of R&D have risen in the United States, which is considered as a country with exclusively the university science. In fact, the universities perform directly less than half of basic research. Moreover, a tendency to autonomization of R&D units of research universities has been on in the last four decades. Ukraine still has the preconditions for further development of domestic basic research. The destruction of what was created by generations of domestic researchers would be not only a mistake, but and a big threat to the national security. Because much of what that was destroyed in Ukraine (factories, roads, buildings) by money can recover relatively quickly. At the same time the revival of science requires decades. Naturally, as the pivot of the national R&D system, the NAS of Ukraine needs to adapt to the current social environment. The tendency for modernization considering the needs of time has been always a tradition of the NAS of Ukraine. Today the leadership of the Academy and the scientific community are working together on the implementation of the provisions laid down in the new "Concept of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2014 - 2023 years". Persistent work is conducted with a view

16 bringing the regulatory acts governing the activities of NAS of Ukraine in compliance with the new Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities". Most importantly, Academy's personnel is seeking to overcome as effectively as possible the difficulties in the country by their research and innovative methods that brought Ukraine international prestige and promoted its socio-economic development in the past, and that are capable to help the country recover from the crisis and join the group of developed countries of Europe and the world.

І.1. Background information2

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was founded on November 27, 1918, in Kyiv. V. I. Vernadsky, a prominent scientist of the world, was its first President. The Academy presidents were recognized scientists and organizers of science: academicians Mykola Prokopovych Vasylenko (president in 1921–1922), Orest Ivanovych Levytsky (in 1922), Volodimir Ipolytovych Lipsky (1922– 1928), Danylo Kyrylovych Zabolotny (1928–1929), Olexandr Olexandrovych Bohomolets (1930–1946), Olexandr Volodymyrovych Palladin (1946–1962). Since 1962, the NAS of Ukraine has been headed by Borys Yevhenovych Paton, a renowned scientist in the field of metallurgy, welding and metal technology, an organizer of science, a political and public figure, an academician of the NAS of Ukraine (1958), a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1962), the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992) and a number of other foreign academies, President of the International Association of Academies

2 As of January 1, 2016. Source: Materials of Information of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. – URL: http://www.nas.gov.ua/UA/About/Documents/2015_dovidka.pdf. 17 of Sciences (1993), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1978), the first Hero of Ukraine (1998). Status. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (the NAS of Ukraine, the Academy) according to current legislation is a higher self-governing research organization of the country, based on state ownership. Its self-government implies the self-determination in setting of R&D themes and forms for their performance, building up the structure, solving the issues of research, organization, management and personnel, international scientific relations, election and collegiality of its management bodies. The NAS of Ukraine brings together full members, corresponding members, foreign members, and all the researchers of its institutions. It organizes and carries out the basic and applied research on the most important problems of natural, technical, social sciences and humanities. Governing bodies. The supreme governing body of the NAS of Ukraine is the General Meeting (GM), consisting of full members (academicians) and corresponding members. In the GM sessions (except for matters related to the election of full members, corresponding members and foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine), researchers delegated by labor groups of the Academy's scientific institutions participate with the right of decisive vote. Foreign members, heads of the Academy's research institutions and representatives of the scientific community also participate in the GM sessions - in an advisory capacity. The Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, elected by GM for 5 years term, takes on administrative functions of the NAS of Ukraine in the period between GM sessions. The Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, elected in April 2015, consists of 32 persons, including President, five Vice-Presidents, Chief Scientific Secretary, 14 Academicians-Secretaries of Scientific Departments, and 11 members. Four acting 18

Presidium members and 16 Presidium advisors also participate in the Presidium meetings in advisory capacity. Structure. The NAS of Ukraine has 3 sections (physical, technical and mathematical sciences; chemical and biological sciences; social sciences and humanities), which combine 14 Scientific Departments of: Mathematics; Informatics; Mechanics; Physics and Astronomy; Geosciences; Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science; Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering; Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering; Chemistry; Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology; General Biology; Economics; History, Philosophy and Law; Literature, Language and Art Criticism. Also, the NAS of Ukraine has 5 regional research centers of dual subordination with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: Donetsk (Kramatorsk, Donetsk region), Western (Lviv), Southern (Odessa), North-Eastern (Kharkiv) and Prydniprovsky (Dnipro). The main link of the structure of the NAS of Ukraine is a research institute or a research organization equated to research institute. The NAS of Ukraine incorporates national institutions such as V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, National Science Center “Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology”, National Historical and Archaeological Reserve “Olbiya”, M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden, National Arboretum “Sofiivka”, National Museum of Natural History, V. Stefanyk Lviv National Academic Library, National Center “Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” at the NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine. The Academy's structure also includes the organizations of research and industrial base (research enterprise, design and technological organizations, data centers). Nowadays the

19 total number of research academic institutions is 168, and research organizations of industrial base - 46. Cooperation with education institutions. In 2015, the NAS of Ukraine signed nearly 200 agreements with universities on cooperation, externship and internship of students, etc. There were nearly 200 joint research projects. The network of joint research and education organizations (more than 250 complexes, centers, laboratories, branches of the departments etc.) enables for extensive use of the NAS capacities for training of professionals of high qualification required by the domestic higher education system and the NAS of Ukraine. Nearly 1,300 Academy’s researchers (one of the ten academicians or corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine) read courses and series of lectures on topical areas of science. In 2015, about 280 researches and lecturers from the MES of Ukraine defended theses for PhD or Doctor of Sciences in the specialized academic councils of research institutions of the NAS of Ukraine. More than 1,200 students performed graduate works under the supervision of leading researchers of the NAS of Ukraine. About 100 monographs written in creative collaboration with educators were published. Coordination of research. Interagency Council for the Coordination of Basic Research, the Council of Presidents of the Academies of Sciences of Ukraine, and Expert Council on topics on fundamental evaluation of research at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine carry out a significant contribution to the realization of this important area of activity of the Academy. The work of these bodies contributes to the development and implementation of a coherent science policy, preparation and submission to authorities of proposals for improving the regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of scientific sphere,

20 logistical and financial support for research, to improve staffing. Research and coordination work on selected topical research areas and problems is done by public scientific associations of the NAS of Ukraine. Now the NAS of Ukraine operates 75 scientific councils, 19 committees, 15 commissions and 24 scientific societies. Their effort is focused on coordination of advanced research, preparation of recommendations and analytical reports for public authorities, organization of scientific readings, conferences, seminars and symposia. Implementation of R&D and innovation activity. In 2015, research institutions of the NAS of Ukraine introduced in various sectors of Ukrainian economy over 1150 of the latest developments, including advanced technology, such as, information, machinery, equipment, materials, data bases and knowledge bases, plant varieties, guidelines and methodologies, standards. Institutions of the NAS of Ukraine signed 20 license agreements in Ukraine and abroad, obtained 576 patents for inventions and utility models. They implemented 40 innovation projects, selected on competitive basis at the beginning of the year. In 2015, institutions of the NAS of Ukraine realized nearly 160 contracts with corporations, companies, enterprises and centers from more than 20 developed countries on line of foreign economic activities. Sales of R&D products, science & technology services, and technology transfer amounted to over UAH 92.9 million. R&D of the NAS of Ukraine were presented at 8 large exhibitions, including the International Agrarian Exhibition “Grain Technology 2015”, the Ukrainian Forum of Innovative Technologies “Innotech Ukraine”, the International Healthcare Exhibition “MEDICAEXPO – 2015”, IX Ukrainian Science Festival, the International

Specialized Exhibitions: “HI-TECH EXPO. High Tech”, “PHARMATechExpo” and “LABComplEX”, the International Exhibition “SECURITY 2015”. Scientific and expert activities. A main objective of the NAS of Ukraine, as the highest scientific organization of the country, is to prepare scientific assessments and forecasts of socio-political, socio-economic and cultural development of the country, its economic situation and develop relevant proposals and recommendations on these issues, participation in shaping public policy development in the R&D field. In 2015, institutions of the NAS of Ukraine commissioned by various power authorities issued more than 2000 expert conclusions (comments, remarks, recommendations, etc.) to regulatory acts and policy documents, and analytical reports (scientific estimates, predictions, suggestions and recommendations) on various aspects of social development. A considerable amount of expert work was done by Academy’s experts included in expert and advisory boards and commissions created at government bodies for preliminary review and expert conclusions on various aspects of their work. The NAS of Ukraine makes regular thematic assessment of the basic research performed by domestic research institutions, financed from the public budget of Ukraine. In 2015, 1,752 research projects of eight key budget spending units were reviewed, with an expert conclusion on the feasibility of budgetary funding of each project. Publishing. There are two publishers in the structure of the NAS of Ukraine, Research and Production Enterprise Publishing "Naukova Dumka" of the NAS of Ukraine and the Publishing House (PH) "Academperiodicals" of the NAS of Ukraine, accounting for about 7% of the Academy output of books. In 2015, “Naukova Dumka” published 20 titles of scientific monographs prepared in the NAS of Ukraine, with 22 a total amount of more than 400 accounting and publishing pages. 262 issues of Academy journals with the circulation of over 46.8 thousand and more than 3.0 thousand accounting and publishing pages were published in “Academperiodicals”, including 195 issues of 33 journals printed according the Journals Support Program of the NAS of Ukraine. Also, “Academperiodicals” published 7 scientific monographs with more than 152.0 accounting and publishing pages. In 2015, institutions of the NAS of Ukraine published 404 scientific monographs, 154 titles of scientific papers collections, 105 educational publications and 245 reference and scientific and popular books. The total number of articles in periodicals is 21,250, of which over 16,600 (approximately 78%) is published in professional domestic and foreign journals. 81 scientific books and over 5,500 articles in periodicals were published abroad. In 2015, researchers’ papers were printed in 85 scientific journals of the NAS of Ukraine, in scientific papers collections, other periodicals and book series publications. 20 scientific journals of the NAS of Ukraine were translated into English and published by foreign publishers. Another 11 journals are printed in English in Ukraine by own funds of Academy research institutions. International scientific cooperation is carried out within 120 current agreements concluded by the NAS of Ukraine with Academies, government agencies, research organizations, education institutions, firms and industrial companies from about 50 countries, including Europe, America, Asia and Africa. In general, more than 130 Academy institutions are involved in various forms of international cooperation. The NAS of Ukraine represents the Ukraine in nearly 40 international organizations: the International Association of

Academies of Sciences (IAAS), the International Union of Academies (IUA), the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities (ALLEA), the International Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), etc. It actively participates in international scientific associations and centers: the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), the European Research Association of Geophysical Research (EISCAT), the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), the UNESCO-MAB Strategic Group to develop a strategy of this program for the next decade, etc. Researchers of the NAS of Ukraine are active participants of the international research programs of the European Commission, UNESCO, DFG, CRDF, STCU, IAEA and NATO. More than 400 projects for research, coordination and support to scientific exchange are realized by grants of the above organizations, obtained annually on competitive basis. Relations with the EU countries and the European Commission institutions have been are expanding, particularly through participation in the EU Research and Innovation Program “Horizon – 2020”. New formats for interplay in EURATOM Program have been elaborated. In framework of cooperation with the European Commission Joint Research Centre, the NAS of Ukraine assigned as the chief organization for R&D accompaniment of implementing the EU Strategy for the Danube Region in Ukraine territory and conducts respective work through its complex scientific programs and projects of the EU. As part of the NAS programs for researchers exchange, over 150 bilateral projects are performed annually with Austrian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Slovak Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) of France, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Hungarian Academy

24 of Sciences, Romanian Academy, Montenegro Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency. The exchange of scientists is carried out upon quotas of the relevant agreements. The joint scientific projects competitions are held together with international and foreign organizations on a competitive basis annually in recent years. Examples of such interactions are cooperation with the Ukrainian Science and Technology Centre on line of the program “Targeted Research and Development Initiatives”, the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) of France and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Over 100 bilateral research projects were carried out in 2015 on the basis of parity funding. Scientific and technical cooperation with institutions and organizations of the People's Republic of China is actively developing. It has a tendency to expand further in terms of the commercialization of scientific and technical developments and technologies created by the Academy scientists. Today, one-fifth of all the institutions of the NAS of Ukraine cooperate with more than 75 Chinese partners within bilateral framework agreements of the Academy and direct inter-institutional contacts. Staffing. The total employment in the NAS of Ukraine as of 01.01.2016 was 37,447, including 18,346 researchers, of which 2,530 doctors of sciences and 7,603 candidates of sciences. The average age of researchers was 51.3; the average age of doctors of sciences is 63.8, candidates of science – 50.0. Personal composition. As of 01.01.2016, the NAS of Ukraine consists of 197 full members (academicians), 379 corresponding members and 104 foreign members.

I.2. Legal status of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and national sectoral academies of Ukraine (Extract from the Law of Ukraine “On Science and Technology Activities”3)

Article 17. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 1. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the highest academic self-governing organization of Ukraine. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on state ownership is a state organization established as a non-profit state budgetary institution. Staff of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine include full members (academicians), whose number cannot exceed 200 persons, corresponding members, whose number cannot exceed 400 persons, foreign members and employees of academic institutions (organizations, enterprises) which are in its jurisdiction. 2. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine organizes and carries out basic and applied research on major problems of natural sciences, technical, social and humanitarian sciences. At the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are acting: 1) The Interagency Council on Coordination of Fundamental and Applied Research in Ukraine, formed by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine jointly with the central executive body, that provides forming and implements state policy in the field of scientific and scientific and technological activities, and of the national sectoral academies of sciences for promoting the development of the

3 Source: the Law of Ukraine "On scientific and scientific and technical activity"// Proceedings of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. – 2016. – No 2. – P.25 (As of 26.11.2015). 26 basic research and effective use of the results of applied research and scientific and technical developments on priority directions of development of science and technology. The provision on the Council on Coordination of Fundamental and Applied Research in Ukraine and its composition are approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the basis of proposals from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and central executive body that provides forming and implements state policy in the sphere of scientific and scientific and technical activities, agreed by the National Council for Science and Technologies; 2) The Council of presidents of the academies of sciences of Ukraine, which is a permanent collegial body that brings together the presidents of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and national sectoral academies of Ukraine for the purpose of coordination of R&D performed in these academies. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as the highest scientific self-governing organization of Ukraine carries out an independent scientific assessment of drafts of strategic, predicted and program documents (doctrines, concepts, strategies, etc.) and also by proxy the President of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and/or on their own initiative develops the proposals on the principles of the state scientific and scientific and technical policy, forecasts, analytical materials, suggestions, recommendations for socio-political, socio- economic, scientific-technical, innovative and humanitarian development of the state, carries out scientific expertise of draft laws, state decisions and programs. 3. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine incorporates the Presidium, the administrative office of the Presidium, sections and departments, which coordinate

27 operation of research institutes, other research institutions, organizations and enterprises (observatories, botanical gardens, dendroparks, nature reserves, libraries, museums, etc.), social and support facilities incorporated in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 4. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is endowed with the right to control its activities, possesses, uses and disposes of property under state ownership and belongs to its on the rights of economic supervision according to the legislation and the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. State property is transferred to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in perpetuity for free use without changing its ownership and used in accordance with the legislation and the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Land plots are given to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for permanent use in accordance with land legislation. 5. Establishment, merger, acquisition, division, transformation or liquidation of public research institutions (organizations) administered by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is regulated by the articles of the Law of Ukraine “On Peculiarities of the Legal Regime of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, sectoral academies of sciences and the Status of their Property”. Research institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are subject to mandatory state certification in the manner prescribed by this Law. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the central body of executive power responsible for setting and implementation of science and science & technology policy, other central executive power authorities may establish research institutions of dual subordination, and research 28 institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine can establish joint research units with universities. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (and selected research institutions incorporated in it) has the right to establish higher education institutions for training at different skill levels, including master and PhD. 6. Funds for providing of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are determined annually by the State Budget of Ukraine as a separate line. Funding of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine may be from other sources not prohibited by the legislation of Ukraine. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the main manager of budget funds. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine carries out its activities in accordance with the laws of Ukraine and the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which is approved by the general meeting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, in accord with the presence of positive conclusion of central body of executive power which provides to form and implements state policy in the sphere of scientific and scientific and technical activities. 7. The State management of scientific and scientific and technological activities of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is carried out in accordance with the legislation without violating its self-government and freedom of scientific creativity. Self-government of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine consists of: 1) self-determining the thematic of basic and applied research, scientific and technical (experimental) developments, forms of organization and conducting the basic and applied research, scientific and technical

(experimental) developments, shaping own structure, solving scientific and organizational, economic, personnel issues, performing international scientific relations to the extent not inconsistent with this Law; 2) The electiveness and collegiality of bodies of governance, the implementation by the general meeting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine the functions of the highest body of governance. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine may represent Ukraine in international organizations (academic associations, professional unions, societies) as a national member, and comply with the relevant membership obligations, including financial ones, within the expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for providing the activity of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The mechanism realizing the principle of self- government of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is determined by the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to the extent not inconsistent with this Law and legislation. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine submits to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine together with the conclusion of the National Council of Ukraine on the development of science and technology the annual report on the results of its scientific and technical activities, the effectiveness using the state property belonging to it on the base of the right of economic management and use of budget funds. 8. The supreme body of self-government of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the general meeting, composed of full members (academicians) and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Scientists delegated by labor groups 30 scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine participate in the sessions of general meetings (other than matters relating to the election of full members, corresponding members and foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) with the right of decisive vote the in an amount that consisting of not less half the number of full members (academicians) and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, participating in the session. The foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, heads of scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and representatives of the scientific community may participate at the sessions of general meeting with an advisory vote. The exclusive competence of the general meeting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine includes: 1) Approval of the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 2) Election of the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the first vice president, vice- presidents and chief scientific secretary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, other members of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 3) Election of full members (academicians), corresponding members and foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 4) Approval of academician-secretaries of departments of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 5) Withdrawal of the status of a full member (academician), corresponding member and foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the

31 grounds, in cases and order established by the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 9. The President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine organizes the Academy work, heads the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, carries out the management of the property complex, and represents the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in bodies of state power, public institutions, organs of local authorities, public and other organizations. 10. The overall scientific and organizational management of the daily operations of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine carries out the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine consisting of the president, first vice-president, vice-presidents, chief scientific secretary, academicians-secretaries of departments, members of the Presidium, elected for five years and may not hold their posts for more than two terms. The Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has constantly acting administrative office that provides preparation and implementation of the decisions of the general meeting, the Presidium and president of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, provides scientific and organizational expert-analytical, legal, information and logistical support of activity of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The administrative office of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is headed by chief scientific secretary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 11. The President, first vice president, vice presidents, chief scientific secretary, members of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine shall be elected by the general meeting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by secret ballot by majority vote of the total number

32 of members of the general meeting and performing their duties till to the election of a new the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. If none of the candidates for the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine not received majority during the voting, the second round shall be organized, with the two candidates having largest numbers of votes in the first round. The candidate shall be deemed elected in the second round, which has more votes than the other candidate. The right to nominate a candidate for President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine belongs to the Presidium, scientific institutions, full members (academicians) and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. On the president post can claim the person who is a full member (academician) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The procedure for the election by the general meeting of the president, the first vice president, vice-presidents, chief scientific secretary and members of Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is determined by the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 12. The academician-secretaries of departments shall be elected by the general meeting of the respective department of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in the session of which attended by all full members (academicians) and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, engaged in the department, and by the delegated representatives (candidates of sciences, Ph.D., doctors of sciences) of research teams from the department establishments, in numbers equal to half of the personal membership of full members and corresponding members participating in the session of the department’s general meeting.

The right to nominate candidates for the position of academician-secretary of the department belongs to the research institutions, full members (academicians) and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, engaged in the respective department. A person who is a full member (academician) or a corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is entitled to apply for the position of the first vice- president, the chief scientific secretary or the academician- secretary of the department. A person who is a full member (academician) or a corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine or one with the scientific degree of doctor of sciences and with the main job place in a research institution of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is entitled to apply for the position of Presidium member. 13. Corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (to replace the persons dropping out in the respective period) shall be elected once in three years by secret ballot of all full members (academicians) and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Full members (academicians) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (to replace the persons dropping out in the respective period) shall be elected once in three years by open voting of all full members (academicians) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The nomenclature of vacancies for the election of corresponding members and full members (academicians) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine shall be specified by the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in view of the proposals from scientific departments, made by analysis of trends in global and domestic science, the existing human resource capacity to fill

34 the vacancies, the need for representation of all the sectors of the domestic science in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The procedure for the election of full members (academicians), corresponding members and foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is determined in the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Persons for the election of corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine shall be nominated by the full members and corresponding members, scientific (scientific, science & technology) councils of research institutions, certified in accordance with this Law, and higher education institutions (universities and academies) among doctors of sciences who have research achievements recognized by the domestic and international scientific community, who have found solution to a scientific problem of significant theoretical or practical importance, who are active in research and public fields. Persons for the election of full members (academicians) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine shall be nominated by the full members, scientific (scientific, science & technology) councils of research institutions, certified in accordance with this Law, and higher education institutions (universities and academies) among the corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who are founders of academic schools recognized by the domestic and international scientific community, who have suggested approach to solutions of scientific problems with great theoretical and practical significance, who are active in research and public fields. 14. The procedure works and other competencies of the general meeting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of

Ukraine are determined in the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Article 18. The National sectoral academies of sciences 1. National sectoral academies of sciences are the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine which are the self-government research organizations based on state ownership, established as non-profit state budgetary institutions. 2. The organizational structure of the national sectoral academies of sciences, their material and financial support and guarantees of activity are carried out under the provisions established for the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, considering the activity specificity and norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Peculiarities of the Legal Regime of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, national sectoral academies of sciences and the status of their property” and also the statutes of respective national sectoral academies of sciences. 3. National sectoral academies of sciences, as self- government scientific organizations of Ukraine, coordinate, organize and conduct research in relevant fields of science and technology, interact with the respective power bodies to implement the tasks defined by the state priorities in these fields. 4. Activities of national sectoral academies are coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine to the extent not affecting their self-government.

National sectoral academies of sciences are the main managers of budgetary funds. National sectoral academies of sciences of Ukraine operate in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine and their statutes that are approved by the general meeting of the national sectoral academies of sciences and registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, given the conclusions of the central body of executive power, which provides to form and implements the state policy in the sphere of scientific and scientific and technical activities, and the central executive body which provides to form and implements the state policy in respective sphere. 5. National sectoral academies of sciences submit to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine the annual report on the results of science and science & technology activities and use of funds allocated to them from the state budget, together with the conclusion of the National Council of Ukraine on the Development of Science and Technology. 6. Use of state property transferred to the national sectoral academies of sciences is subject to the Law of Ukraine “On Peculiarities of the Legal Regime of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Sectoral Academies of Sciences and the Status of Their Property”. Land plots are given to national sectoral academies of sciences in permanent use in accordance with land legislation. 7. Establishment, reorganization and liquidation of state research institutions (organizations) managed by the national sectoral academies of sciences is subject to the procedure specified by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Research institutions of the national sectoral academies of sciences are subjects to the mandatory state certification in the manner prescribed by this Law.

The national sectoral academies of sciences and the central body of executive power which provides to form and implements the state policy in the sphere of scientific and scientific and technical activities, other central bodies of executive power can establish research institutions of dual subordination, and research institutions of national sectoral academies can establish, together with universities, academies and institutions, joint research units.

II. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN THE GLOBAL SCIENCE

The Academy form of R&D is widespread in the world and represents a balance between universities and other educational institutions, research institutions not involved in the process of learning, and the community of eminent scientists and experts who form the institute of Academy members. In 1993, a group on international problems, InterAcademy Panel on International Issues (IAP), was founded, which took on the functions unite of national, regional and global academies. National Academies of Sciences are represented in the IAP by the principle: one country – one Academy of Sciences. The basic organization for IAP was the Academy of Sciences of the Third World, operating in the framework of a UNESCO program. Its current name, the Academy of Sciences for the Development of Science in the Developing World (World Academy of Sciences for the Advancement of Science in Developing Countries), has existed since 2012. According to the statute, IAP acts as an independent international forum uniting Academies of Sciences from various countries, to promote their cooperation and mutual support, discuss scientific aspects of global problems, etc. According to the data available on the websites of IAP and its regional partners, National Academies of Sciences or their analogues exist in 114 countries, including in 29 in Eastern Europe, 19 in Western Europe, 2 in North America, 16 in Central and South America, 24 in Asia, 2 in Australia and Oceania, 22 in Africa. This total includes the Academies of Sciences with own website and those ones which have data are available on various web resources.

Depending on the availability of a part of science academies of the scientific community and research institutes, the countries that have Academies of various groups were divided into four types. There are sixty-eight countries classified as group I. They have Academies of Sciences, which consist only of the scientific community, elected from among leading scientists. Of these, 5 countries are in Eastern Europe, 9 in Western Europe, 15 in the New World, 17 in Asia and Australia, and 22 countries in Africa where an Academy can be found. Thirty-eight countries having Academies of Sciences, that incorporate scientific community and research institutions, are classified as group II. These include 24 Eastern European countries, 5 countries of Western Europe, 7 in Asia and Oceania, and two in Latin American countries. Two countries having Academies of Sciences incorporating only research organizations are classified as group III. Six developed countries that have Academies of Sciences of the three abovementioned types; are classified as group IV.

Countries by type of National Academy of Sciences

Number Type of national academies of sciences and the names of countries of countries Group I. Countries with academies incorporating only scientific community 68 5 Eastern European countries: Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania 9 Western Europe countries: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Turkey, Switzerland, Vatican 15 countries in North and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

continued Number Type of national academies of sciences and the names of countries of countries 17countries in Asia and Oceania: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Palestine, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Philippines 22 African countries: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Group ІІ. Countries with academies incorporating scientific community + research institutes 38 24 Eastern European countries: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 5 Western European countries: Austria, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden 7 countries in Asia and Oceania: Cambodia, China, North Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Taiwan 2 Central and South America: Bolivia, Cuba Group III. Countries with academies incorporating only research institutes 2 Vietnam, Jordan Group IV. Countries with academies of various types 6 France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, USA

Total 114 Note: Countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia that were part of the Soviet Union and Turkey are referred as European ones due to the existing practice of their inclusion into European structures.

The rise of Academies of Sciences is an indicator of social development in the country, evidence of objective need and willingness of society to address issues of economic, social and cultural development through the use of scientific knowledge. The establishing of Academies of Sciences has taken place at a

41 certain maturity of public relations. This process began in Western Europe in 16–17 centuries, in North America – in the second half of the nineteenth century. In most countries of Eastern Europe it happened after the World War I, in the former colonies and semi colonies of Africa, Asia and Latin America – in the second half of the 20 century. The oldest one of the existing Academies of Sciences (National Academy dei Lincei) was founded in Rome in 1603. During 2007–2015 only in nine countries the Academies of Sciences were founded, including five in Africa, three in Central and South America, one in Asia. Academies of Sciences are constantly in search for improvements in their organization and relations with public through focusing their actions on public needs and global challenges. To enlarge the participation of scientific community in their ranks, National Academies of Sciences are trying to increase the representation of young people and women among their members. It is reported that the share of young members (under 40) in the Academy of Sciences of Cuba must not be lower than 10% of the total membership, with preferences given to women in case of equal numbers of nominees in the elections. The Academies of Sciences in Denmark, Mexico and Thailand are involved in the programs of the L’Oreal-UNESCO for women in science, sponsored by these countries. The Academy of the Republic of South Africa (Academy of Science of South Africa), a country that 25 years ago suffered from racial and other forms of discrimination, in 2014 the share of blacks and women members accounted for 27 and 25%, respectively. Due to purposeful policy of National Academies of Sciences, the share of women elected in this century, was twice higher than in previous years. In Western Europe, the average share of women members of National Academies of Sciences in 2014–2015 was 10%, in Eastern Europe – 5%, in North America – 15%, Central and South America – 11.3%, in Asia – 5%, in Africa – 12.6%. “The Young Academy” founded in Germany in 2000 with the promotion of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and

42 the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, gave impulse to establishment of analogous institutions in 29 countries, including 10 “Young Academies” established in Africa, 9 in Asia, 8 in Western Europe, one in North America and one in Eastern Europe. Similar organizations of young scientists were established in another nine countries, including 5 in Eastern Europe, 2 in South America, one in of Africa and one in Asia. “Young Academies” or their analogues help overcome a conservatism of the existing academies and open up opportunities for active young researchers to work directly with international and foreign scientific organizations. National Academy of Sciences tends to have the highest scientific and expert status in the country. Their functioning is ensured mostly by the government, and in many countries they are under the auspices of the President or Prime Minister. Academy organizations of the world are performers of basic research aimed at generation of new knowledge in natural sciences, engineering, humanities and social sciences, and applied research contributing to developments of products or technologies.

II.1. Cooperation and International Associations of Academies of Sciences

Cooperation between national Academies of Sciences of different countries is an integral part of their work aimed at setting up new relations and combining efforts of the global research community to address critical scientific issues. Academician V.I. Vernadsky believed that the union of academies can be a form of international work, creating a framework for collaborative action and integrating the nations and states as a single entity. The end of the nineteenth century was marked the creating of the International Union of Academies of

Sciences, founded in 1898 by the initiative of the Royal Society of London. In 90s of the twentieth century, establishment of international associations of Academies of Sciences became a globalization trend. InterAcademy Panel on International Issues (IAP), founded in 1993, brings together the National Academies of Sciences from more than hundred countries. Recent integration processes in the Academy environment in Europe also began 20 years ago. The first step was establishment of the International Association of Academies of Sciences (IAAS) in 1993 by the initiative of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. A year later the Federation of European Scientific Academies – All European Academies (ALLEA) was founded, bringing together 57 academies from more than 40 countries. Besides that, ALLEA incorporates six national scientific academies with IAAS membership (Academies of Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine). IAAS was founded as an international non-governmental organization to combine efforts of Academies of Sciences, on the multilateral basis, to find solutions for most important scientific problems preserve the historically established academic links and expand new relations between researchers. The Constituent Assembly of IAAS was held in Kiev, on September 23, 1993.The members of IAAS became the Academy of Sciences of the twelve CIS states (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine), and the Academies of Sciences of Vietnam, Slovakia and the Czech Republic (the latter two with the observer status). In 1994, IAAS was granted the official status by the Decree of the President of Ukraine; its head office is located in Kiev. The president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Academician Boris Paton is the IAAS president since its beginning.

The institute of associated membership was founded in IAAS in 1996. Currently, IAAS has seven associate members: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation) since 1997; Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (1999); Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) (2000); Belarusian Republican Foundation for Basic Research (2000); M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (2002); National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. IAAS has 13 scientific councils: Scientific Council on New Materials (founded in 1995); Joint Scientific Council on Fundamental Geographical Problems (1996); Board of Directors of Libraries and Information Centers of the National Academies of Sciences (1996); Advisory Council on Protection of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer (1997); International Coordinating Committee on Computational Mathematics (1997); International Council for CIS Program “Modern Problems of Radiobiology: Science and Practice” (2001); Council of Physiological Societies of CIS (2003); International Association of Institutes of History of CIS (2005); Council on Printing and Publishing (2006); Scientific Council on Science of Science (2009); Council of Botanical Gardens of CIS (2012); Scientific Council on Functional Materials for Electronic Engineering (2012); Scientific Council on Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2013). Apart from revitalization and development of R&D, especially basic research in the Academies with IAAS membership, objectives dated from the beginning of IAAS are promotion of effective government support to R&D, integration of R&D and education, training of research staff, setting up appropriate conditions for utilization of R&D and increased contributions of R&D in social and economic

45 development of nations whose Academies of Sciences are incorporated in IAAS. These goals cannot be achieved by IAAS efforts and resources. IAAS, therefore, is committed to maintaining constructive dialogue with the authorities in the IAAS member countries, to strengthen cooperation with them. By the IAAS initiative, Council of Heads of CIS States adopted the Resolution “On Concerted Measures for Reproduction and Preservation of the Common Research Area within the CIS” in 1995, whereas Heads of CIS governments signed “Agreement on the Establishment of the Common Science and Technology Area of the Commonwealth countries members”. This Agreement contains the items specifying practical functions and role of IAAS in creating this area. An important task for IAAS was to launch the effort in the Academies of Sciences incorporated in IAAS, aimed at creating the legal framework for preservation and development of R&D. In 2007, IAAS was granted the observer status at the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS by the Assembly’s Resolution. IAAS achievements in lawmaking were thus recognized, which enhanced the IAAS capacities to influence on adopting by the Interparliamentary Assembly of model laws in the scientific and science and technology spheres of activity states. IAAS is an unique mechanism for international scientific cooperation and an authoritative international organization. In 2003, IAAS was recognized by UNESCO: the resolution to include IAAS to the organizations with which UNESCO maintains business relations was adopted at the session of the UNESCO Executive Council in Paris. In 2012, these relations got the status of consultative partnership. These two statuses of relations refer to the highest category of relations with UNESCO according to the UNESCO criterion. An important event in the life IAAS was International Symposium “Interactions of Governments and National

Scientific Societies with International Organizations for the Development and Application of Scientific Knowledge”, held in Kyiv in October 2015, under the IAAS auspices, in cooperation with UNESCO and other organizations. This representative forum has discussed issues of reforms in R&D sphere and Academies of Sciences of IAAS members and outlined the steps for further cooperation of Academies of Sciences of the IAAS members.

II.2. National academies of sciences in the world countries*

National academies of sciences in the world countries by year establishing and geographic region**

After 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2000

Total 7 9 14 22 49 95 114 including national academies of sciences in: Europe 7 9 14 17 33 46 48 of them: Western Europe 6 8 12 12 16 17 19 Eastern Europe 1 1 2 5 17 29 29 North America 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 Central and South America 0 0 0 2 7 13 16 Asia 0 0 0 0 5 23 24 Australia and Oceania 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 Africa 0 0 0 0 1 9 22 * Data on national academies of sciences in 114 countries is given. Source: Data from http://www.interacademies.net/Academies.aspx and its regional partners. See details in the text. ** Total, since 1600.

Dynamics of establishing of national academies of sciences in the world countries by geographic regions

40 29

30 29

19 17

20 17

12 12

10 8

1 1 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 After 2000 Western Europe Eastern Europe

16 13

10 7

2 2 2 2 2 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 After 2000 North America Central and South America

23 22 20

10 9

2 2

1 1 1 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 After 2000 Asia Australia and Oceania Africa

III. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF UKRAINE

III.1. Academy sector in Ukraine: national academies of sciences4

Date of foundation and S&T indicators of national academies of sciences*

Year Employees, Doctors Candidates Organi- estab- head- of sciences, of sciences, zations lished count** *** *** National Academy of Sciences of 1918 196 35725 2535 7752 Ukraine National Academy of Agrarian 1931 93 8934 334 1638 Sciences of Ukraine National Academy of Medical Sciences 1993 35 4798 588 1258 of Ukraine National Academy 1996 2 105 7 23 of Arts of Ukraine National Academy of Pedagogical 1992 16 1469 130 450 Sciences of Ukraine National Academy of Law Sciences of 1993 6 277 16 77 Ukraine * As of December 31, 2014. ** R&D personnel. *** Persons performing R&D are included only.

4 Here and in both sections V and VІ statistical data is taken from annual statistical books “Science and Innovation Activities in Ukraine”, compiled by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, if other sources are not referred to. They may not correspond with departmental statistical data given in sections IV, V and IХ, due to different methodologies for statistical reporting. 49

Personal membership of national academies of sciences, headcount

Corres- Full Foreign Honorary As of ponding members members members members National Academy March 16, of Sciences of 204 388 106 × 2015 Ukraine National Academy January 1, of Agrarian 102 111 63 30 2015 Sciences of Ukraine National Academy June 1, of Medical Sciences 25 77 19 … 2015 of Ukraine National Academy June 1, 43 57 16 21 of Arts of Ukraine 2015 National Academy January 1, of Pedagogical 60 84 37 9 2015 Sciences of Ukraine National Academy January 1, of Law Sciences of 50 79 5 … 2015 Ukraine

IІI.2. R&D organizations by sector of performance

Organizations - total

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1510 1303 1255 1208 1143 999 Government sector 501 514 508 496 456 419 including national academies 394 385 379 351 341 321 of them: NAS of Ukraine 216 206 203 199 196 178 Business enterprise sector 837 610 570 535 507 422

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Higher education sector 172 178 176 176 180 158 Private non-profit sector … 1 1 1 … … (as % of total of each year) Government sector 33.2 39.5 40.5 41.1 39.9 42.0 including national academies 26.1 29.6 30.2 29.1 29.8 32.1 of them: NAS of Ukraine 14.3 15.8 16.2 16.5 17.1 17.9 Business enterprise sector 55.4 46.8 45.4 44.3 44.4 42.2 Higher education sector 11.4 13.7 14.0 14.6 15.7 15.8 Private non-profit sector … 0.1 0.1 0.1 … …

Trends in R&D organizations by sector of performance

1000

900 837 800

700 610

600 570

535

514

508

507

501 496

500 456

422 419 400

300

180

178

176 176 172 200 158

100

1 1 1

0 0 0 0 Government sector Business enterprise Higher education Private non-profit sector sector sector 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Percentage distribution of R&D organizations

2005 2014

Government 11.4 0 0 15.8 sector 33.2 42.0 Business enterprise sector Higher education sector Private non- 55.4 42.2 profit sector

III.3. Percentage distribution of R&D organizations by sector of science

as % of total of each year 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Academy sector 25.0 28.1 28.8 27.2 27.8 31.2 including NAS of Ukraine 14.3 15.8 16.2 16.5 17.1 17.8 Business enterprise sector 58.6 53.4 52.2 52.8 50.7 47.4 Higher education sector 11.4 13.7 14.0 14.6 15.7 15.8 Factory sector 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.8 5.6

2005 2014

5.0 5.6 Academy 11.4 25.0 sector 15.8 31.2

Business enterprise sector Higher education sector Factory sector 58.6 47.4

ІII.4. R&D organizations by national academies of sciences and ministries

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1510 1303 1255 1208 1143 999 Total for national academies of sciences* 394 385 379 351 341 321 including: National Academy of Sciences 216 206 203 199 196 178 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences before 2011) 127 119 114 93 86 86 National Academy of Medical Sciences (Academy of Medical Sciences before 2011) 34 37 37 35 35 34 National Academy of Arts (Academy of Fine Arts before 2011) … … 2 2 2 2 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences (Academy of Pedagogical Sciences before 2011) 13 17 17 16 16 15 National Academy of Law Sciences (Academy of Law Sciences before 2011) 4 6 6 6 6 6 Total for ministries and agencies* 1116 918 876 … … … of them:

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ministry of Agriculture before 2011) 93 90 82 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry (Ministry of Fuels and Energy before 2011) 37 27 35 … … … Ministry of Education and Science (Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport before 2011) 147 144 134 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 45 39 37 … … … * Hereinafter data in tables is given in conformity with changes in the names of academies, ministries and departments. The figures in the line “Total in national academies” before 2011 are calculated as sums of figures for each Academy of Sciences; data for 2011–2014 are extracted from the annual statistical book “R&D and Innovation in Ukraine in 2014” issued by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The figures in line “Total for ministries and agencies” are calculated using statistical data for all the ministries and departments (including the line “Other ministries and agencies”), shown in the annual statistical book “R&D and Innovation in Ukraine” for respective years. Data for ministries is not given in the annual statistical book “R&D and Innovation in Ukraine” for 2012– 2014.

Trends in organizations, enterprises, and institutions by national academies of sciences

250

216

206

203 199

200 196 178

150

127

119

114

93 86

100 86

37 37

35 35 34

50 34

17 17

16 16

6 6 6 6 6

2 2 2 2

0 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Percentage distribution of organizations by national academies of sciences 2005 2014

National Academy of Sciences

3.31.0 0 4.7 1.9 0.6 National Academy 8.6 10.6 of Agrarian Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences National Academy of Pedagogical 54.9 Sciences 32.2 26.7 55.5 National Academy of Law Sciences

National Academy of Arts

IІI.5. Personnel by sector of performance

Main activity personnel, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 170579 141086 134741 129945 123219 109636 Government sector 67629 63307 60834 62086 59921 54574 including national academies of sciences 59226 56814 53550 51950 51308 46876 of them: NAS of Ukraine 38705 37480 36789 36162 35725 32548 Business enterprise sector 91981 67472 64550 58586 54532 47479 Higher education sector 10969 10303 9355 9272 8766 7583 Private non-profit sector … 4 2 1 … …

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (as % of total of each year) Government sector 39.7 44.9 45.1 47.8 48.6 49.8 including national academies of sciences 34.7 40.3 39.7 40 41.6 42.8 of them: NAS of Ukraine 22.7 24.5 27.3 27.8 29.0 29.7 Business enterprise sector 53.9 47.8 47.9 45.1 44.3 43.3 Higher education sector 6.4 7.3 6.9 7.1 7.1 6.9 Private non-profit sector … 0 0 0 … …

R&D personnel (researches and technicians), headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 105512 89564 84969 82032 77853 69404 Government sector 44974 42949 41275 41931 40752 37244 including national academies of sciences 39506 38675 36363 35278 34955 32215 of them: NAS of Ukraine 25768 25196 24499 24058 23815 21716 Business enterprise sector 50986 37568 35445 32023 29528 25669 Higher education sector 9552 9045 8247 8077 7573 6491 Private non-profit sector … 2 2 1 … … (as % of total of each year) Government sector 42.6 48.0 48.6 51.1 52.3 53.7 including national academies of sciences 37.4 43.2 42.8 43.0 44.9 46.4 of them: NAS of Ukraine 24.4 28.1 28.8 29.3 30.6 31.3 Business enterprise sector 48.3 41.9 41.7 39.0 37.9 37.0 Higher education sector 9.1 10.1 9.7 9.9 9.7 9.4 Private non-profit sector … 0 0 0 … …

Supporting staff, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 32052 26032 24779 23866 22649 20128 Government sector 9432 8404 7848 8137 7694 6913 including national academies of sciences 8449 7763 7181 7045 6860 6178 of them: NAS of Ukraine 5216 4904 4826 4748 4622 4177 Business enterprise sector 21697 16742 16200 14946 14151 12575 Higher education sector 923 886 731 783 804 640 Private non-profit sector … … … … … … (as % of total of each year) Government sector 29.4 32.3 31.7 34.1 34.0 34.3 including national academies of sciences 26.4 29.8 29 29.5 30.3 30.7 of them: NAS of Ukraine 16.3 18.8 19.5 19.9 20.4 20.8 Business enterprise sector 67.7 64.3 65.4 62.6 62.5 62.5 Higher education sector 2.9 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.2 Private non-profit sector … … … … … …

ІІІ.6. Personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries by occupation

Main activity personnel, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 170579 141086 134741 129945 123219 109636 Total for national academies of sciences 59226 56814 53550 51950 51308 46876

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

including: National Academy of Sciences 38705 37480 36789 36162 35725 32548 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 14220 12434 9887 9075 8934 7853 National Academy of Medical Sciences 4998 5162 5110 4895 4798 4673 National Academy of Arts … 110 114 113 105 106 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 1148 1380 1393 1444 1469 1415 National Academy of Law Sciences 155 248 257 261 277 281 Total for ministries and agencies 111353 84272 81191 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 3458 2967 2583 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 3470 2014 2825 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 10972 8591 7939 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 3385 2466 2268 … … …

R&D personnel (researches and technicians), headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 105512 89564 84969 82032 77853 69404 Total for national academies of sciences 39506 38675 36363 35278 34955 32215

including: National Academy of Sciences 25768 25196 24499 24058 23815 21716 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 9192 8586 6976 6451 6384 5857 National Academy of Medical Sciences 3573 3589 3565 3372 3324 3246 National Academy of Arts … 62 64 62 60 62 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 871 1066 1074 1138 1160 1117 National Academy of Law Sciences 102 176 185 197 212 217 Total for ministries and agencies 66006 50889 48606 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2270 1893 1720 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2091 1343 1834 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 9004 7092 6516 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1834 1492 1340 … … …

Supporting staff, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 32052 26032 24779 23866 22649 20128 Total for national academies of sciences 8449 7763 7181 7045 6860 6178

including: National Academy of Sciences 5216 4904 4826 4748 4622 4177 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 2383 1894 1399 1345 1290 1075 National Academy of Medical Sciences 751 838 812 824 819 800 National Academy of Arts … 25 26 22 17 17 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 82 77 94 86 91 87 National Academy of Law Sciences 17 25 24 20 21 22 Total for ministries and agencies 23603 18269 17598 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 419 451 347 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 467 302 392 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 1104 943 813 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 513 312 290 … … …

Personnel in national academies of sciences by occupation, headcount 2005 50000 45000 40000 38705 35000

30000 25768 25000 20000 15000 14220

10000 9192

5216

4998

3573

2383 1148

5000 871

751

155

102

0 0 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Main activity personnel R&D personnel Supporting personnel

2014 50000 45000 40000

35000 32548

30000 25768 25000 20000

15000 9192

10000 7853

4673

4177 3573

5000 1415

1075

871

800

281

106 102

17 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Main activity personnel R&D personnel Supporting personnel

ІІІ.7. R&D personnel by scientific degree

Doctors of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 4180 4478 4416 4485 4528 4256 Total for national academies of sciences 3456 3599 3514 3534 3610 3461

including: National Academy of Sciences 2524 2557 2486 2491 2535 2410 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 325 314 296 310 334 296 National Academy of Medical Sciences 538 593 600 586 588 587 National Academy of Arts … 9 12 12 7 9 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 63 116 108 123 130 134 National Academy of Law Sciences 6 10 12 12 16 25 Total for ministries and agencies 724 879 902 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 20 28 37 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 17 13 21 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 264 284 304 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 724 879 902 … … …

Candidates of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 16983 16944 16139 15887 15850 14736 Total for national academies of sciences 11174 11673 11207 11077 11190 10538

including: National Academy of Sciences 7692 7938 7745 7696 7746 7205 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 1889 1894 1659 1608 1638 1556 National Academy of Medical Sciences 1275 1351 1300 1260 1256 1234 National Academy of Arts … 35 38 26 23 23 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 296 401 406 415 450 440 National Academy of Law Sciences 22 54 59 72 77 80 Total for ministries and agencies 5809 5271 4932 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 122 143 137 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 183 109 157 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 1785 1627 1522 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 468 372 350 … … …

ІІІ.8. Researchers in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries by scientific degree

Researchers - total, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 76147 73413 70378 68599 65641 58695 Total for national academies of sciences 32825 32567 31137 30551 30343 27862

including: National Academy of Sciences 22424 22377 21729 21488 21297 19278 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 6119 5819 5052 4787 4782 4425 National Academy of Medical Sciences 3199 3180 3145 2991 2945 2876 National Academy of Arts … 62 64 60 60 62 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 938 967 974 1041 1061 1017 National Academy of Law Sciences 145 162 173 184 198 204 Total for ministries and agencies … 40846 39241 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food … 1496 1440 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 1127 1634 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 6318 5822 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 1226 1130 … … …

Researchers with doctor of sciences degree, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 4439 4477 4415 4485 4528 4256 Total for national academies of sciences 3527 3599 3514 3534 3610 3461

including: National Academy of Sciences 2539 2557 2486 2491 2535 2410 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 320 314 296 310 334 296 National Academy of Medical Sciences 575 593 600 586 588 587 National Academy of Arts … 9 12 12 7 9 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 87 116 108 123 130 134 National Academy of Law Sciences 6 10 12 12 16 25 Total for ministries and agencies … 878 901 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food … 28 37 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 13 21 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 284 304 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 117 108 … … …

Researchers with candidate of sciences degree, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 17054 16923 16117 15866 15833 14718 Total for national academies of sciences 11617 11666 11195 11066 11190 10538

including: National Academy of Sciences 7952 7931 7735 7687 7746 7205 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 1914 1894 1659 1608 1638 1556 National Academy of Medical Sciences 1358 1351 1298 1258 1256 1234 National Academy of Arts … 35 38 26 23 23 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 349 401 406 415 450 440 National Academy of Law Sciences 44 54 59 72 77 80 Total for ministries and agencies … 5257 4922 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food … 143 137 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 108 156 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 1627 1522 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 372 350 … … …

Researchers in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries by scientific degree: 2014

10000 9000

8000 7205 7000 6000 5000 4000

3000 2410 1556

2000 1234

587 440

1000 296

134

23 9 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Researchers – Doctors of sciences Researchers – Candidates of sciences

Share of researchers with scientific degree, % in total number

2008

5.8

22.1 Doctors of sciences

Candidates of sciences

Researchers without scientific degree 72.1

2014

7.3

25.1 Doctors of sciences

Candidates of sciences

Researchers without scientific degree 67.6

Share of researchers with scientific degree in organizations of national academies of sciences: 2014

50 43.3

45 42.9

39.2 37.4

40 37.1 35.2 35 30

25 20.4

20 18.0

14.5 13.2

15 12.3

10 6.7 5 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Pedagogical Law Sciences Arts Sciences Sciences Sciences

Researchers – Doctors of sciences Researchers – Candidates of sciences

ІІІ.9. Researchers by scientific degree and age

Doctors of science by age, headcount

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 4451 4439 4477 4415 4485 4528 4256 of them: 29 and younger 4 1 2 3 − − − 30–39 70 81 81 86 93 111 99 40–49 390 402 422 380 396 426 393 50–59 1268 1228 1164 1156 1162 1136 1057 60–69 1431 1363 1362 1333 1384 1391 1339 70 and older 1288 1364 1446 1457 1450 1464 1368

(as % of total in Ukraine) 40

35 32.1 31.5

30 24.8 25

15 9.2 10

5 2.3 0 0 29 and 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70 and older younger

2014 2010 2011 2012 2013

Candidates of sciences by age, headcount

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 17070 17054 16923 16117 15866 15833 14718 of them: 29 and younger 724 782 814 739 739 776 681 30–39 2924 3436 3644 3590 3684 3880 3826 40–49 3400 3182 3035 2932 2931 2895 2821 50–59 4645 4307 4083 3916 3698 3515 3052 60–69 3680 3416 3279 2994 2957 2967 2708 70 and older 1555 1931 2068 1946 1857 1800 1630

(as % of total in Ukraine) 40

30 26.0

25 20.7 18.4 20 19.2

15 11.1

10 4.6 5

0 29 and 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70 and older younger

2014 2010 2011 2012 2013

ІІІ.10. Women performing R&D in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries by scientific degree

Women performing R&D - total, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 34126 33159 32018 31426 30079 26890 Total for national academies of sciences 15159 15155 14577 14413 14542 13365

including: National Academy of Sciences 9216 9303 8979 8942 9063 8137 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 3121 2975 2702 2595 2605 2381 National Academy of Medical Sciences 2088 2097 2059 1980 1934 1920 National Academy of Arts … … 36 35 37 39 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 646 679 695 751 781 769 National Academy of Law Sciences 88 101 106 110 122 119 Total for ministries and agencies … 18004 17441 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food … 836 823 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 500 682 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 2837 2655 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 825 751 … … …

Women - doctors of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 955 981 984 1049 1087 1063 Total for national academies of sciences 811 825 819 854 891 887

including: National Academy of Sciences 467 468 453 459 487 473 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 53 51 49 55 59 55 National Academy of Medical Sciences 243 248 254 262 262 268 National Academy of Arts … … 5 5 3 4 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 47 55 52 68 75 79 National Academy of Law Sciences 1 3 6 5 5 8 Total for ministries and agencies … 156 165 … … …

of them: Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 6 9 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 1 1 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 37 43 … … …

Women - candidates of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 6731 6898 6621 6735 6853 6513 Total for national academies of sciences 5002 5126 4940 5063 5194 4955 including: National Academy of Sciences 3028 3095 2989 3077 3129 2952 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 792 810 735 761 795 757 National Academy of Medical Sciences 915 919 880 877 880 858 National Academy of Arts … … 27 19 17 17 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 248 277 284 292 332 328 National Academy of Law Sciences 19 25 25 37 41 43 Total for ministries and agencies … 1772 1681 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food … 59 60 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry … 19 20 … … … Ministry of Education and Science … 547 499 … … … Ministry of Healthcare … 234 213 … … …

Share of female researchers in national academies of sciences, %

2010–2014

42.2 54.0 2014 66.8 75.6 58.3 63.0

42.6 54.5 2013 65.7 73.6 61.6 61.7

41.6 54.2 2012 66.2 72.1 59.8 58.3

41.3 53.5 2011 65.5 71.3 61.2 56.2

41.6 51.1 2010 65.9 70.2 62.3 0

0 20 40 60 80 100 National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Agrarian Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences National Academy of Law Sciences National Academy of Arts

ІІІ.11. Part-time R&D performers in organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries

Part-time R&D performers - total*, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 68499 69380 68151 61077 57135 48523 Total for national academies of sciences 7018 5569 5574 5295 5089 4528

including: National Academy of Sciences 5187 4000 3789 3468 3304 2998 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 967 468 553 559 632 541 National Academy of Medical Sciences 416 527 539 462 515 370 National Academy of Arts … 6 7 7 22 38 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 334 368 478 582 406 387 National Academy of Law Sciences 114 200 208 217 210 194 Total for ministries and agencies 61481 63811 62577 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 1499 1518 2274 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 167 114 137 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 41992 50884 46830 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 5364 3897 3713 … … … * Since 2006 all the research and lecturing staff of HEEs have been included in part-time R&D performers by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Part-time R&D doctors of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 6935 7493 7260 6684 6623 5723 Total for national academies of sciences 981 962 906 882 845 771

including: National Academy of Sciences 662 640 588 572 545 473 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 125 88 45 47 52 49 National Academy of Medical Sciences 74 79 74 78 96 93 National Academy of Arts … − − − 7 12 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 92 91 126 105 69 66 National Academy of Law Sciences 28 64 73 80 76 78 Total for ministries and agencies 5954 6531 6354 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 138 180 214 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 6 10 14 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3906 5107 4682 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 870 589 607 … … …

Part-time R&D candidates of sciences, headcount

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 25670 29696 30145 26121 25303 22302 Total for national academies of sciences 1675 1372 1322 1266 1166 1154

including: National Academy of Sciences 1171 961 896 862 791 802 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 218 63 48 51 52 47 National Academy of Medical Sciences 121 145 157 138 97 94 National Academy of Arts … − − − 3 8 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 114 104 127 114 125 113 National Academy of Law Sciences 51 99 94 101 98 90 Total for ministries and agencies 23995 28324 28823 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 556 787 1186 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 9 13 10 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 17283 23721 22502 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 3153 2198 2194 … … …

Trends in part -time R&D personnel in organizations of national academies of sciences, headcount

6000 5187

5000 4000

4000 3789

3468

3304 2998 3000

2000

967

632

582

559

553 541

1000 539

527

515

478

468

462

416

406

387

370

368

334

217

210

208

200

194

114

7 7

6 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Percentage distribution of part-time R&D personnel in organizations of national academies of sciences 2014

National Academy of 4.3 0.8 Sciences 8.6 National Academy of 8.2 Agrarian Sciences

National Academy of Medical Sciences

National Academy of 11.9 66.2 Pedagogical Sciences

National Academy of Law Sciences

National Academy of Arts

ІІІ.12. Doctors of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization

headcount 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 12014 14418 14895 15592 16450 16090 Research institutes, science and technology organizations 3596 3599 3565 3581 3627 3534 Higher education institutes 7369 9758 10264 10928 11638 11407 Academies and their units 344 321 322 318 324 328 Bodies of governance of ministries and departments (since 2009 - public authorities) 173 177 178 163 167 128 Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 67 46 41 45 47 45 Other organizations and companies 465 517 525 557 647 648

Percentage distribution of doctors of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization 2005

3.9 1.40.6 Research institutes, science and 2.9 29.9 technology organizations Universities

Academies and their units

Bodies of governance of ministries and departments Industrial enterprises, R&D and 61.3 production associations, etc. Other organizations and companies

2014

0.8 0.3 4.0 Research institutes, science and 2.0 22.0 technology organizations Universities

Academies and their units

Bodies of governance of ministries and departments Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 70.9 Other organizations and companies

ІІІ.13. Candidates of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization

headcount 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 68291 84000 84979 88057 90113 86230 Research institutes, science and technology organizations 14005 13177 12710 12480 12613 11651 Universities 45229 60302 61670 64235 65882 62874 Academies and their units 1916 1158 1121 1095 1104 1094 Bodies of governance of ministries and departments (before 2009 public administration bodies) 1230 1694 1905 1725 1876 1814 Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 1104 948 857 885 927 894 Other organizations and companies 4807 6721 6716 7637 7711 7903

Percentage distribution of candidates of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy by type of organization 2005

7.0 Research institutes, science and 1.81.6 2.8 20.6 technology organizations Universities

Academies and their units

Bodies of governance of ministries and departments Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 66.2 Other organizations and companies

2014

9.2 Research institutes, science and 1.0 2.1 13.4 technology organizations 1.3 Universities

Academies and their units

Bodies of governance of ministries and departments Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 73.0 Other organizations and companies

III.14. R&D funding of scientific organizations of Ukraine by sector of performance

Expenditure on R&D, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 5160.4 8995.9 9591.3 10558.5 11161.1 10320.3 Government sector 1556.9 3274.4 3639.8 4270.3 4305.4 3905.9 including national academies of sciences 1370.9 2916.3 3105.7 3563.1 3667.2 3332.2 of them: NAS of Ukraine 1003.5 2070.2 2188.9 2542.8 2683.1 2401.3 Business enterprise sector 3359.7 5156.2 5343.4 5558.3 6167.6 5820.2 Higher education sector 243.7 565.1 608.0 729.8 688.0 594.3 Private non-profit sector – 0.2 0.2 – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 30.2 36.4 37.9 40.4 38.6 37.8 including national academies of sciences 26.6 32.5 32.4 33.7 32.9 32.3 of them: NAS of Ukraine 19.4 23.0 22.8 24.1 24.0 23.3 Business enterprise sector 65.1 57.3 55.7 52.6 55.3 56.4 Higher education sector 4.7 6.3 6.3 6.9 6.1 5.8 Private non-profit sector − × × × × ×

Expenditure on R&D from the state budget, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1711.2 3704.3 3859.7 4709.1 4762.1 4021.5 Government sector 1260.4 2792.9 2913.4 3613.3 3688.5 3355.2 including national academies of sciences 1091.8 2561.2 2631.1 3080.9 3201.3 2939.8 of them: NAS of Ukraine 815.7 1838.1 1880.4 2236.4 2398.7 2173.0 Business enterprise sector 315.2 523.6 544.0 612.4 635.0 302.1

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Higher education sector 135.6 387.9 402.3 483.4 438.5 364.2 Private non-profit sector – – – – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 73.7 75.4 75.5 76.7 77.5 83.4 including national academies of sciences 63.8 69.1 68.2 65.4 67.2 73.1 of them: NAS of Ukraine 47.7 49.6 48.7 47.5 50.4 54.0 Business enterprise sector 18.4 14.1 14.1 13.0 13.3 7.5 Higher education sector 7.9 10.5 10.4 10.3 9.2 9.1 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

Expenditure on R&D from customers*, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 2938.1 4277.1 4764.0 4503.4 4718.1 4195.4 Government sector 204.9 334.1 542.0 442.4 401.7 391.5 including national academies of sciences 198.7 232.1 299.5 315.1 303.5 264.3 of them: NAS of Ukraine 153.8 173.0 227.4 233.9 217.4 178.5 Business enterprise sector 2646.1 3814.2 4071.7 3878.2 4132.2 3639.5 Higher education sector 87.1 128.6 150.0 182.7 184.2 164.5 Private non-profit sector – 0.2 0.2 – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 7.0 7.8 11.4 9.8 8.5 9.3 including national academies of sciences 6.8 5.4 6.3 7.0 6.4 6.3 of them: NAS of Ukraine 5.2 4.0 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.3 Business enterprise sector 90.1 89.2 85.5 86.1 87.6 86.7 Higher education sector 3.0 3.0 3.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 Private non-profit sector – – – – – – * “Customers” mean domestic and foreign enterprises and organizations.

R&D projects performed by own resources, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 4818.6 9867.1 10359.9 11252.7 11781.1 10950.7 Government sector 1493.7 3302.9 3683.6 4312.5 4339.8 3950.2 including national academies of sciences 1316.5 2928.4 3119.9 3567.5 3669.2 3348.9 of them: NAS of Ukraine 961.6 2079.4 2196.8 2549.5 2688.1 2417.0 Business enterprise sector 3075.8 5990.2 6054.6 6210.4 6741.3 6397.7 Higher education sector 249.0 573.9 611.7 729.8 699.9 602.7 Private non-profit sector – 0.1 – – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 31.0 33.5 35.6 38.3 36.8 36.1 including national academies of sciences 27.3 29.8 30.1 31.7 31.1 30.6 of them: NAS of Ukraine 20.0 21.1 21.2 22.7 22.8 22.1 Business enterprise sector 63.8 60.7 58.5 55.2 57.3 58.4 Higher education sector 5.2 5.8 5.9 6.5 5.9 5.5 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

Basic research performed by own resources, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 902.2 2188.4 2205.8 2621.9 2695.4 2475.2 Government sector 797.6 1775.8 1810.0 2325.1 2395.7 2237.8 including national academies of sciences 766.8 1859.3 1900.7 2260.3 2347.4 2181.2 of them: NAS of Ukraine 602.6 1466.1 1492.1 1820.8 1925.7 1764.6 Business enterprise sector 15.1 199.4 179.8 59.0 76.9 45.1 Higher education sector 89.5 213.2 216.0 237.8 222.8 192.3 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (as % of total of each year) Government sector 88.4 81.1 82.0 88.7 88.9 90.4 including national academies of sciences 85.0 85.0 86.2 86.2 87.1 88.1 of them: NAS of Ukraine 66.8 67.0 67.7 69.4 71.4 71.3 Business enterprise sector 1.7 9.1 8.2 2.3 2.9 1.8 Higher education sector 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.0 8.3 7.8 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

Applied research performed by own resources, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 708.9 1617.1 1866.7 2057.7 2087.8 1910.2 Government sector 423.5 1037.3 1182.6 1325.6 1311.6 1194.6 including national academies of sciences 324.2 779.4 847 909.5 908.6 834.7 of them: NAS of Ukraine 193.4 405.5 431.9 444.2 461.9 410.6 Business enterprise sector 194.5 349.8 436.7 409.9 479.2 453.0 Higher education sector 90.9 230.0 247.4 322.1 297.0 262.5 Private non-profit sector – – – – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 59.8 64.2 63.3 64.4 62.8 62.5 including national academies of sciences 45.7 48.2 45.4 44.2 43.5 43.7 of them: NAS of Ukraine 27.3 25.1 23.1 21.6 22.1 21.5 Business enterprise sector 27.4 21.6 23.4 19.9 23.0 23.7 Higher education sector 12.8 14.2 13.3 15.7 14.2 13.7 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

Intramural current R&D expenditure performed by own resources, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 4386.2 8825.6 9365.0 10335.1 10890.9 10083.6 Government sector 1429.6 3221.4 3551.6 4192.6 4227.1 3877.7 Business enterprise sector 2729.7 5050.6 5216.9 5425.2 5985.4 5617.2 Higher education sector 227.0 553.3 596.3 717.4 678.4 588.8 Private non-profit sector – 0.2 0.2 – – – (as % of total of each year) Government sector 32.6 36.5 37.9 40.6 38.8 38.5 Business enterprise sector 62.2 57.2 55.7 52.5 55.0 55.7 Higher education sector 5.2 6.3 6.4 6.9 6.2 5.8 Private non-profit sector – – – – – –

III.15. R&D funding of national academies of sciences and ministries

R&D funding - total, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 5160.4 8995.9 9591.3 10558.5 11161.1 10320.3 Total for national academies of sciences 1370.9 2923.5 3105.7 3563.0 3667.2 3332.3 including: National Academy of Sciences 1003.5 2070.2 2188.9 2542.8 2683.1 2401.3 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 256.2 521.1 541.1 612.6 583.5 527.1 National Academy of Medical Sciences 88.3 228.1 261.0 269.2 264.8 275.3 National Academy of Arts … 7.2 6.9 8.2 8.6 7.2 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 15.7 58.4 64.9 76.8 71.2 70.5

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 18.0 80.6 90.4 111.0 104.6 99.8 National Academy of Law Sciences 4.9 16.3 17.4 19.2 22.6 21.4 Total for ministries and agencies 3789.5 6072.4 6485.6 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 76.0 137.7 141.6 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 78.9 112.9 164.5 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 270.0 426.0 460.6 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 79.0 133.1 142.6 … … …

R&D funding per 1 employee of main activity, thousand UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 30.3 63.8 71.2 81.3 90.6 94.2 Total for national academies of sciences 23.2 51.5 58.0 68.6 71.5 71.1 including: National Academy of Sciences 25.9 55.2 59.5 70.3 75.1 73.8 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 18.0 41.9 54.7 67.5 65.3 67.1 National Academy of Medical Sciences 17.7 44.2 51.1 55 55.2 58.9 National Academy of Arts … … 60.5 72.9 81.9 67.9

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Law Sciences 31.6 65.7 67.7 73.7 81.6 76.2 Total for ministries and agencies × × × … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 22. 0 46.4 54.8 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 22.7 56.1 58.2 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 79.8 172.7 203.0 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 7.2 15.5 18. 0 … … …

III.16. R&D funding of national academies of sciences and ministries by source of funds

R&D funding from the state budget, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 1711.2 3704.3 3859.7 4709.1 4762.1 4021.5 Total for national academies of sciences 1091.8 2561.2 2631 3080.8 3201.3 2939.8 including: National Academy of Sciences 815.7 1838.1 1880.4 2236.4 2398.7 2173.0 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 185.3 432.6 424.5 488.2 453.5 411.1 National Academy of Medical Sciences 68.7 186.8 212.1 219.2 214.2 228.5 National Academy of Arts … 7.2 6.9 8.2 8.6 7.2

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 17.8 80.4 90.4 110.4 104.6 99.8 National Academy of Law Sciences 4.3 16.1 16.7 18.4 21.6 20.4 Total for ministries and agencies 619.4 1143.1 1228.7 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 53.6 95.7 99.4 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 12.5 12.4 33.1 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 122.7 303.1 326.9 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 21.9 53.5 54.4 … … …

Trends in R&D funding from the state budget, million UAH

3000

2500 2398.7

2236.4

2173.0 1880.4 2000 1838.1

1500

1000 815.7

488.2

453.5

432.6 424.5

500 411.1

228.5

219.2

214.2

212.1

186.8

185.3

110.4

104.6

99.8

90.4

80.4

68.7

21.6

20.4

18.4

17.8

16.7

16.1

8.6

8.2

7.2 7.2

6.9

4.3 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R&D funding from special purpose funds*, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 24.9 48.3 16.9 22.7 20.6 20.7 Total for national academies of 15.4 4.1 3.6 2.2 2.9 3.0 sciences including:

National Academy 3.7 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.9 of Sciences National Academy of 11.7 3.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 0 Agrarian Sciences National Academy of − − − − − − Medical Sciences National Academy of Arts … … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 9.5 44.2 13.3 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 0.3 2.4 3.4 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 2.3 8.6 6.0 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 0 − 0 … … … * Up to 2010 - extrabudgetary funds.

R&D funding by own costs, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 338.5 872.0 841.8 1121.3 1466.6 1927.8 Total for national academies of 46.8 114.0 160.1 148.0 144.4 118.1 sciences

including: National Academy of Sciences 17.3 48.4 71.1 55.0 51.1 41.5 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 29.1 65.6 89.0 91.9 92 75.8 National Academy of Medical Sciences 0.2 … … 0 0.6 0.2 National Academy of Arts … … … … … … National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 0.2 0 0 0.6 0 National Academy of Law Sciences … … 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 Total for ministries and agencies 291.7 758.0 681.7 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2.4 7.5 6.8 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 6.4 5.5 6.0 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 2.6 4.0 3.7 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 3.3 8.6 10.8 … … …

R&D funding by costs of domestic customers - (Ukrainian companies and organizations), million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 1680.1 1961.2 2285.9 2458.4 2306.6 2152.4 Total for national academies of sciences 159.2 158.7 196.1 206.0 224.5 187.7

including: National Academy of Sciences 116.8 102.9 128.5 128.6 142.9 110.5 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 23.2 16.7 21.0 30.1 33.4 34.8 National Academy of Medical Sciences 18.6 38.9 46.0 47.0 47.9 42.1 National Academy of Arts … … … … … … National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences … … … … … … National Academy of Law Sciences 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 Total for ministries and agencies 1520.9 1802.5 2089.8 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 16.1 27.9 29.3 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 57.3 91.8 119.6 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 91.1 87.9 98.5 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 42.0 60.7 54.5 … … …

R&D funding by costs of foreign customers, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 1258.0 2315.9 2478.1 2045.0 2411.5 2043 Total for national academies of sciences 39.4 73.5 103.5 109.2 79.0 76.6

including: National Academy of Sciences 37.0 70.1 99 105.3 74.6 67.9 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 1.9 1.8 2.6 1.4 2.8 5.4 National Academy of Medical Sciences 0.5 1.6 1.9 2.5 1.6 3.3 National Academy of Arts … … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 1218.6 2242.4 2374.6 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 1.7 3.9 2.2 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2.6 2.3 5.1 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 38.4 15.8 18.5 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 0.0 8.4 8.4 … … …

III.17. R&D projects performed by own resources of national academies of sciences and ministries

Total, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 4818.6 9867.1 10349.9 11252.7 11781.1 10950.7 Total for national academies of sciences 1316.2 2928.4 3119.8 3567.5 3669.2 3348.9

including: National Academy of Sciences 961.6 2079.4 2196.8 2549.5 2688.1 2417 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 243.5 523.7 546.3 609.2 576.5 523.8 National Academy of Medical Sciences 88.5 228.5 262.0 270.4 266.6 279.6 National Academy of Arts – – 6.9 8.2 8.6 7.2 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 17.8 80.5 90.4 111 106.7 99.8 National Academy of Law Sciences 4.9 16.3 17.4 19.2 22.6 21.4 Total for ministries and agencies 3502.3 6938.7 7230.1 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 74.2 140.3 141.3 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 78.5 119.8 182.0 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 264.6 431.5 460.9 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 93.7 148.6 163.4 … … …

Basic projects, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 902.2 2188.4 2205.8 2621.9 2695.4 2475.2 Total for national academies of sciences 766.8 1859.6 1900.7 2260.3 2347.4 2181.2

including: National Academy of Sciences 602.6 1466.1 1492.1 1820.8 1925.7 1764.6 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 116.1 257.4 257.3 244.0 244.0 241.9 National Academy of Medical Sciences 27.2 67.5 71.3 70.8 69.1 72.5 National Academy of Arts … … 6.9 8.2 8.6 7.2 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 17.2 53.0 56.8 98.5 78.6 74.7 National Academy of Law Sciences 3.7 15.6 16.3 18.0 21.3 20.4 Total for ministries and agencies 135.2 328.8 305.1 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 8.0 15.7 13.7 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 79.3 168.4 173.2 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 5.0 13.8 14.1 … … …

Applied projects, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 707.9 1617.1 1866.7 2057.7 2087.8 1910.2 Total for national academies of sciences 324.1 779.4 847.1 909.5 908.6 834.7

including: National Academy of Sciences 193.4 405.5 431.9 444.2 461.9 410.7 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 72.0 198.4 204.2 266.7 236.0 207.7 National Academy of Medical Sciences 58.0 148.2 177.3 186.3 182.3 191.2 National Academy of Arts – – – – – – National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 0.1 26.8 33.3 11.9 28.1 25.1 National Academy of Law Sciences 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 Total for ministries and agencies 384.7 837.7 1019.6 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 31.0 76.6 72.1 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 15.5 21.4 32.2 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 56.3 147.1 167.5 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 32.6 66.0 78.7 … … …

Development projects, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 2406.9 5037.0 4985.9 5370.0 5772.8 5341.5 Total for national academies of sciences 137.9 191.4 241.8 236.5 250.4 206.9

including: National Academy of Sciences 120.9 172.9 219.1 207.4 222.8 190.2 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 16.0 16.7 21.9 29.1 27.5 16.6 National Academy of Medical Sciences 1.0 1.1 0.6 0 0.2 National Academy of Arts … … – – – – National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences – 0.7 0.2 – – – National Academy of Law Sciences – – – – – – Total for ministries and agencies 2268.7 4845.7 4744.1 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 20.9 34.8 41.1 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 49.6 81.8 123.2 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 45.5 83.8 81.9 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1.5 8.8 8.6 … … …

R&D services, million UAH

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 800.7 1024.5 1291.5 1203.2 1225.1 1223.8 Total for national academies of sciences 87.0 97.9 130.3 161.2 162.7 126.1

including: National Academy of Sciences 44.7 34.8 53.7 77.0 77.7 51.5 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 39.3 51.2 63.0 69.4 69.0 57.6 National Academy of Medical Sciences 2.2 11.6 12.9 13.4 15.0 15.9 National Academy of Arts … … – – – – National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 0.2 – 0.1 0.6 0 0 National Academy of Law Sciences 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 Total for ministries and agencies 713.7 926.7 1161.1 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 14.2 13.3 14.4 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 13.3 16.5 25.6 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 83.5 32.2 38.3 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 54.5 60.0 62.0 … … …

IV. MEMBERS OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

According to the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, their membership category includes full members, corresponding members and foreign members. Members of the NAS of Ukraine are elected at least once in three years and appointed by the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, which approves the nomenclature of the number and vacancies of full members, corresponding members and foreign members. The Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine appoints the date of elections. As a result of the last election of new members to the NAS of Ukraine in March 2015, the Academy ranks were replenished by 12 full members and 51 corresponding members. Among the newly elected full members seven scientists are in the field of natural sciences, four – in the field of technical sciences, one - in the field of medicine. Of the newly elected corresponding members, 26 are in natural sciences, 17 - in engineering, seven - in social sciences, and one - in humanities. The proportion of women in 63 newly elected members of the NAS of Ukraine is 12.7%, but all of them are corresponding members. New members to the NAS of Ukraine are elected on base of R&D performance criterion, after a lengthy discussion by the general public and thorough evaluation in the relating departments of the NAS of Ukraine. Newly members are elected both in traditional and cutting-edge areas of R&D in natural, technical, medical, social and humanitarian sciences. One full member was elected in each of the following R&D field of critical importance for Ukraine: “Computer technology and information security”, “Mechanics of rocket and space systems”, “Material sciences for oil and gas industry”, “Chemistry of medicinal compounds”, “Forecasting of ecosystems", “Isotopic geology”, “Military medicine, and

99 emergency surgery”. New corresponding members are elected in the R&D fields “Imaginative information technology” (2 persons), “New methods of welding” (2 persons), of which the former one is novel and the latter one is traditional for Ukraine; each of the following R&D fields is represented by one newly elected member: “Space research”, “Nanobiophysics, Physics of complex systems”, “Nanosedymenthology”, “Safety of exploitation of the nuclear power stations”, “Chemistry of high- energy substances”, “Biology of receptors”, “Institutional Economics”; “Socio-economics”; “Econometrics” and “Culturology, social communications”. Basically, the age structure of the members of the NAS of Ukraine follows its trends for doctors of sciences in Ukraine. Since 2000, the average age of doctors of sciences has exceeded 60, and candidates of sciences – 50. In 2009, the average age for the elected full members of the NAS of Ukraine was 62.3, and for corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine it was 61.1, which actually coincided with the average age of all doctors of sciences in the country (62.0). As of 01.01.2015, the average age of researchers was 52.0, doctors of sciences – 63.9, candidates of sciences – 50.8. In 2012, more than half (52.4%) of doctors of sciences employed in the Ukraine’s economy, and almost two thirds (63.2%) of candidates of sciences among researchers were older than 59. In 2009–2012, the number of doctors of sciences older than 70, engaged in R&D, increased by 6%, and the number of doctors of sciences employed in all sectors of the Ukrainian economy grew by 35%. The number of full members and corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine in this age group increased in the same period by 16%. In 2015, the share of persons aged 69 and older was 78.2% in the total number of full members, and 46.6% in the total of the corresponding members. Representation of women among the members of the NAS of Ukraine in the past 50 years gradually increased (from 3.2%

100 in 1964 to 4.5% in 2012); in 2015 women accounted for more than 5% of the total number of Academy members. In 2012, 4 women and 22 women were full and corresponding members, respectively, while in 2015 there were 3 women among full members and 35 female corresponding members. In 2014, it is worth noting the proportion of women with doctor of sciences degree in organizations of the NAS of Ukraine was 19.7% of the total researchers, and in all Ukrainian R&D organizations it was 25%. From distribution of the members of the NAS of Ukraine by position in 2015 it follows that most of them worked on senior positions in research institutions (55.8% of the total full members and 68.9% of the total corresponding members). These figures were lower than in 2012 (66.5% for full members and 81.1% for corresponding members). R&D achievements of the members of the NAS of Ukraine have high recognition in Ukraine and beyond. Only in 2013– 2014, 7 persons were awarded the order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise. Honorary title “Honored scientist of Ukraine” was granted to one full member and three corresponding Members. Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology in the 2013–2014 were 4 full members and 10 corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine. 6 full members and 7 corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine were awarded other state awards of Ukraine. Winners of international prizes and awards in the past two years were seven full members of the NAS of Ukraine. Another evidence to international recognition of R&D achievements of Academy members is their participation in the European scientific academies: five full members of the NAS of Ukraine have membership in the Academy of Europe (Academia Europaea), and three full members and two corresponding members of NAS of Ukraine are members in the European Academy of Sciences.

101

IV.1. Full members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science*

1964 1989 2009 2012 2015 Total 97 159 204 203 197

Natural sciences 65 99 120 116 115 including: Mathematics 9 10 12 11 14 Informatics 1 7 12 14 11 Physics 18 29 34 34 34 Chemistry 13 18 14 12 12 Life sciences 19 21 37 33 32 Earth sciences 5 12 11 12 12

Technical sciences 21 41 50 52 49 including: Material sciences 7 16 23 26 24 Mechanics 11 17 15 14 13 Energetics 3 8 12 12 12

Humanitarian sciences 8 11 15 17 17 including: History 1 4 3 2 2 Philosophy 1 2 3 4 4 Archeology – – 1 1 1 Literary criticism 4 3 4 5 4 Linguistics 2 2 2 3 4 Ethnology – – 2 2 2

Social sciences 3 10 19 18 16 including: Economics 2 8 12 11 11 Law sciences 1 2 3 3 3 Sociology – – 1 2 1 Politology – – 1 1 – Culturology – – 2 1 1 * Tables IV.1–IV.10 are made using data from statistical books of the NAS of Ukraine as of 15.12.1964, 01.12.1989, 04.08.2009, 27.07.2012, 11.10.2015.

102

IV.2. Full members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age group

1964 1989 2009 2012 2015 Total 97 159 204 203 197 of them: 29 and younger – – – – – 30–39 – – – – – 40–49 8 5 2 2 1 50–59 32 34 20 8 7 60–69 32 53 49 48 35 70 and older 25 67 133 145 154

IV.3. Corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science

1964 1989 2009 2012 2015 Total 125 192 375 375 380

Natural sciences 83 109 218 218 224 including: Mathematics 9 11 18 19 20 Informatics 4 10 23 23 16 Physics 20 27 60 57 71 Chemistry 7 17 27 28 28 Life sciences 33 31 66 68 64 Earth sciences 10 13 24 23 25

Technical sciences 24 57 98 97 92 including: Material sciences 9 24 45 45 41 Mechanics 14 21 22 22 22 Energetics 1 12 31 30 29

103

continued 1964 1989 2009 2012 2015 Humanitarian sciences 12 18 30 29 29 including: History 3 9 9 9 9 Philosophy 1 3 3 2 2 Archeology 7 4 6 5 5 Literary criticism 1 1 7 6 5 Linguistics – 1 4 5 6 Ethnology – – 1 1 1 – – – 1 1 Social sciences 6 8 29 31 35 including: Economics 6 7 19 20 24 Law sciences – 1 5 4 4 Sociology – – 3 4 3 Politology – – 2 3 3 Culturology – – – – 1

IV.4. Corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age group

1964 1989 2009 2012 2015

Total 125 192 375 375 380 of them: 29 and younger – – – – – 30–39 1 2 – – – 40–49 13 9 12 7 3 50–59 58 70 59 59 53 60–69 39 66 154 126 147 70 and older 13 46 150 183 177

104

IV.5. Foreign members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine are 104 outstanding scientists from 23 countries, including five Nobel Laureates (Zhores Alferov, Physics, 2000; Zakmann Bert and Neher Ervin, physiology, medicine, 1991; Lehn Jean-Marie Pierre, chemistry, 1987; Ciechanover Aaron, chemistry, 2004). Of the foreign members of NAS of Ukraine, 69 are from Europe, 22 from the Americas, 13 from Asia. The largest proportion of them is from the United States and the Russian Federation (19.2 and 17.3% of the total number of foreign members). 9 foreign members are from UK; 8 from Germany; 8 from Poland; 6 from Italy; 5 from China; 4 from Israel; 4 from Slovakia, 3 from France; 3 from Japan. Scientists from the above 11 countries constitute 84.6% of all foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine. Other 12 countries are represented by 1 or 2 prominent scientists elected as foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine. 22 foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine are full members of the Academies of Sciences with IAAS membership. The number of scientists from different countries, elected in the NAS of Ukraine, did not significantly change compared to 2012. Distribution of the foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine by field of science in 2015 was the following: natural sciences – 51.9% of the total number of foreign members, technical sciences – 21.2%, humanities – 13.5%, social sciences – 9.6%, medical sciences – 3.8%. In comparison with 2012, the share of foreign members in technical sciences grew by 5% in 2015, in natural sciences it decreased by nearly 5%, in social sciences it grew by 2%, and the shares in humanities and medical sciences fell by nearly 1%.

105

Percentage distribution of foreign members of NAS of Ukraine by countries of the world 2015 USA 15.4 19.2 Russian Federation Great Britian 2.9 Poland 2.9 Germany 3.8 Italy 3.8 China 17.3 Israel 4.8 Slovakia 5.8 France 8.7 7.7 Japan 7.7 12 other countries

Percentage distribution of foreign members of NAS of Ukraine by field of science

2015 3.8 13.5 Natural sciences

Technical sciences 9.6 Social sciences

51.9 Humanities

Medical 21.2 sciences

106

IV.6. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, employed in the Ukrainian economy by type of organization: 2015

Full Corresponding

members members Total 197 380 including: Research institutes, science and technology organizations 135 309 Higher educational institutions 21 57 Academies and their units 32 1 Bodies of governance of ministries and departments (before 2009 public administration bodies) 3 4 Industrial enterprises, R&D and production associations, etc. 2 7 Other organizations and companies 4 2

IV.7. Women – full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, headcount

1964 1989 2009 2012 2015 Total 7 10 30 26 38 of them: full members 1 1 4 4 3 corresponding members 6 9 26 22 35

The share of women in 2015 among the full members was 1.5%, corresponding members - 9.2%. In 2014 the proportion of women in the total number of researchers who hold a doctorate in organizations of the NAS of Ukraine was 19.7% and in R&D Ukrainian organizations - 25 percent.

107

Percentage distribution of women in full members, corresponding members, doctors of sciences and researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015

Academicians 1.5

Corresponding members 9.2

Doctors of sciences 19.7

Researchers 25.0

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

IV.8. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by position: 2015, headcount

Corresponding Full members members Total 197 380

including: director of institute 59 51 deputy director 13 52 rector 8 8 pro-rector 2 3 dean 1 4 adviser at directorate 14 6 department head (institute) 38 158 chief researcher 10 36 department head (university) 6 26 professor of department (university) 4 14 leading researcher 3 13 member of Presidium of NAS of Ukraine 32 – scientific secretary – 1 others 7 8

108

IV.9. Full members and corresponding members of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – awarded by state and foreign prizes and awards, headcount

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Full members winners of the State Prize of Ukraine 3 1 – 2 4 3 1 winners of international prizes and awards 1 6 2 6 4 4 3 received awards: the title of Hero of Ukraine 1 1 – 1 – – – the order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 19 8 1 4 3 2 other awards 34 17 8 7 10 6 – Honored scientist of Ukraine 9 1 – 1 – 1 –

Corresponding members winners of the State Prize of Ukraine 13 7 1 4 7 6 4 winners of international prizes and awards – 3 – 4 2 – – received awards: the title of Hero of Ukraine – 2 – – – – – the order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 3 2 1 – 1 2 – other awards 16 11 2 7 6 4 3 Honored scientist of Ukraine 12 6 – 5 4 3 –

109

V. R&D OUTPUT IN UKRAINE

V.1. Main R&D indicators of organizations by sector of performance

Research and developments

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 63926 52037 52354 53190 47875 42953 Government sector 15782 14113 14190 14581 15730 13035 including national academies of sciences 10627 11169 11574 10718 11559 9565 of them: NAS of Ukraine 6694 6828 7585 6674 7274 5703 Business enterprise sector 39861 28680 28361 28440 21486 21952 Higher education sector 8283 9235 9784 10154 10659 7966 Private non-profit sector − 9 19 15 − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 24.7 27.1 27.1 27.4 32.8 30.3 including national academies of sciences 16.6 21.5 22.1 20.2 24.1 22.3 of them: NAS of Ukraine 10.5 13.1 14.5 12.6 15.2 13.3 Business enterprise sector 62.3 55.1 54.2 53.5 44.9 51.1 Higher education sector 13.0 17.8 18.7 19.1 22.3 18.6 Private non-profit sector × × × × × ×

110

Percentage distribution of R&D by sector of performance 2010 2014

0 0 Government 18.6 17.8 27.1 30.3 sector

Business enterprise sector Higher education sector Private non- profit sector 55.1 51.1

Scientific publications by sector of performance

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 241942 345338 354703 374897 391398 327919 Government sector 59532 66796 66940 67169 66924 62326 including national 50652 57460 57749 57130 58394 51658 academies of sciences of them: 31271 37642 37211 36122 37871 32987 NAS of Ukraine Business enterprise 7983 6882 6501 4521 4308 3312 sector Higher education sector 174427 271649 281243 303192 320166 262281 Private non-profit sector − 11 19 15 − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 24.6 19.3 18.9 17.9 17.1 19.0 including national 20.9 16.6 16.3 15.2 15.0 15.8 academies of sciences of them: 12.9 10.9 10.5 9.6 9.7 10.1 NAS of Ukraine Business enterprise 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 sector Higher education sector 72.1 78.7 79.3 80.9 81.8 80.0 Private non-profit sector × × × × × ×

111

Percentage distribution of scientific publications by sector of performance 2010

0 Government sector 19.3

2.0 Business enterprise sector

Higher education sector 78.7 Private non-profit sector

2014

0 19.0 Government sector

1.0 Business enterprise sector

Higher education sector

80.0 Private non-profit sector

112

Patents and certificates for inventions obtained in the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine by sector of performance

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 7748 8757 8552 8432 7864 Government sector 1886 2065 1807 1821 1902 including national academies of sciences 1668 1885 1552 1552 1668 of them: NAS of Ukraine 790 897 750 856 808 Business enterprise sector 443 494 360 269 226 Higher education sector 5419 6198 6385 6342 5736 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 24.3 23.6 21.1 21.6 24.2 including national academies of sciences 21.5 21.5 18.1 18.4 21.2 of them: NAS of Ukraine 10.2 10.2 8.7 10.2 10.3 Business enterprise sector 5.7 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.9 Higher education sector 70.0 70.8 74.7 75.2 73.0 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

Patents and certificates for inventions obtained in foreign patent offices by sector of performance

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 84 72 86 72 62 Government sector 33 30 25 21 11 including national academies of sciences 22 21 22 20 7 of them: NAS of Ukraine 20 12 7 19 7 Business enterprise sector 35 29 47 37 16 Higher education sector 16 13 14 14 35 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 35.2 41.7 29.1 29.2 17.7 including national academies of sciences 26.2 29.2 18.1 27.8 11.3 of them: NAS of Ukraine 23.8 16.7 8.1 26.4 11.3 Business enterprise sector 41.7 40.3 54.7 51.4 26.0 Higher education sector 19.1 18.0 16.2 19.4 56.5 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

113

V.2. R&D projects performed by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries

R&D projects – total

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 63926 52037 52354 53190 47875 42953 Total for national academies of sciences 13067 11189 11574 10718 11559 9565 including: National Academy of Sciences 6694 6828 7385 6674 7274 5703 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 3178 3433 3204 3163 3313 2954 National Academy of Medical Sciences 559 759 795 691 784 721 National Academy of Arts … … 20 20 20 20 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 182 139 133 127 130 129 National Academy of Law Sciences 14 36 37 43 38 38 Total for ministries and agencies 53299 40848 40800 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2503 2321 2141 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2304 1087 3005 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 6769 6794 6781 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1167 1724 1308

114

Percentage distribution of R&D projects performed by organizations of national academies of sciences 2010

1.20.3 6.8 0 National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Agrarian Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences 30.7 61.0 National Academy of Arts National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences National Academy of Law Sciences

2014

1.30.40.2 7.6 National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Agrarian Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences

30.9 59.6 National Academy of Arts National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences National Academy of Law Sciences

115

R&D projects on creating new methods and theories

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 5381 7733 7692 7682 7570 7462 Total for national academies of sciences 1825 2661 2741 2661 2846 2787

including: National Academy of Sciences 1130 1767 1835 1765 1766 1987 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 319 548 548 529 733 455 National Academy of Medical Sciences 231 277 290 302 260 246 National Academy of Arts … … … 8 20 20 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 137 57 57 40 54 66 National Academy of Law Sciences 8 12 11 17 13 13 Total for ministries and agencies

of them: 3556 5072 4951 … … … Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 472 471 537 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 84 27 152 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 1232 2104 2012 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 271 926 593 … … …

116

R&D projects on creating new products

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 6264 6240 6475 6397 5645 4652 Total for national academies of sciences 925 1008 1074 920 837 988

including: National Academy of Sciences 651 632 699 664 562 439 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 214 293 283 184 217 486 National Academy of Medical Sciences 42 83 92 72 58 61 National Academy of Arts … … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − 2 National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies

of them: 5339 5232 5401 … … … Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 119 251 290 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 227 77 165 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 580 839 754 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 78 58 52 … … …

117

R&D projects on creating new technologies

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 5380 5738 5331 5012 5008 3220 Total for national academies of sciences 1585 1873 1546 1610 1548 1345

including: National Academy of Sciences 720 901 750 890 715 638 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 786 856 693 631 671 568 National Academy of Medical Sciences 79 106 96 83 156 131 National Academy of Arts … … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − 7 6 6 6 8 National Academy of Law Sciences − 3 1 − − − Total for ministries and agencies

of them: 3795 3865 3785 … … … Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 162 512 413 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 217 358 539 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 997 883 819 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 33 250 232 … … …

118

Percentage distribution of R&D projects on creating new technologies by national academy of sciences and ministries 2010

National Academy of 6.2 Sciences 4.4 15.7 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences 8.9 Other national academies

Ministry of Education and Science Ministry of Agrarian Policy 14.9 and Food Ministry of Healthcare 15.4 0.2 1.8 Other ministries and agencies

R&D projects on creating new materials

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1163 1419 1553 1342 1171 1070 Total for national academies of sciences 436 646 645 537 501 585

including: National Academy of Sciences 360 531 513 463 449 529 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 73 114 127 73 52 32 National Academy of Medical Sciences 3 1 5 1 … 24 Total for ministries and agencies 727 773 908 … … …

119

continued 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 30 18 16 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 6 20 37 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 282 327 296 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 2 2 33 … … …

R&D projects on creating new plant varieties and animal breeds

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 758 669 601 515 745 2165 Total for national academies of sciences 560 561 515 445 454 485

including: National Academy of Sciences 35 35 57 28 17 21 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 501 526 458 417 437 464 National Academy of Medical Sciences 24 − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 198 108 143 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 112 59 70 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 11 3 3 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 8 15 − … … …

120

V.3. Publication activity of national academies of sciences and ministries*

Publications – total

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 241942 345338 354703 374897 391398 327919 Total for national academies of sciences 50652 57460 57749 57130 58394 51658

including: National Academy of Sciences 31271 37642 37211 36122 37871 32987 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 7808 7398 7449 8089 8704 7336 National Academy of Medical Sciences 7798 7947 7958 8227 7568 7071 National Academy of Arts … … 122 265 178 173 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 3087 3561 3983 3530 3310 3139 National Academy of Law Sciences 688 912 1026 897 763 952 Total for ministries and agencies 191290 287878 296976 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 10896 19009 15340 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 841 558 492 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 122645 202905 206721 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 29284 32652 32450 … … … * Publications other than books, textbooks, manuals and articles in scientific journals are not included in Table. V.3.

121

Monographs, textbooks, manuals

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 14200 23360 24408 23696 25262 21846 Total for national academies of sciences 1712 2344 2888 1671 1980 1710

including: National Academy of Sciences 942 1141 1817 906 1142 885 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 204 204 277 268 367 252 National Academy of Medical Sciences 151 319 248 202 197 151 National Academy of Arts … … 32 23 15 7 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 363 603 433 177 172 334 National Academy of Law Sciences 52 77 81 95 87 81 Total for ministries and agencies 12488 21016 21517 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 619 1314 807 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 73 118 66 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 8163 15643 16075 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1359 1538 1495 … … …

122

Articles in scientific journals

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 139027 194378 196194 201872 203975 179727 Total for national academies of sciences 29472 35438 33968 34793 36495 33894

including: National Academy of Sciences 19875 22908 21770 22922 23596 21573 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 4615 5507 5487 5795 6494 5802 National Academy of Medical Sciences 2997 4239 3715 3532 3921 3457 National Academy of Arts … … 90 149 163 159 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 1586 2273 2296 1859 1832 2277 National Academy of Law Sciences 399 511 610 536 489 626 Total for ministries and agencies 109555 158940 161861 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 7060 13120 11823 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 439 360 402 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 68437 106737 108820 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 16077 17718 17023 … … …

123

V.4. Applications for inventions to the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries

Filled applications for inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, plant varieties – total

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 8894 8849 8514 8348 8029 Total for national academies of sciences 1971 1788 1656 1578 1478 including: National Academy of Sciences 863 825 800 816 726 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 641 484 448 424 431 National Academy of Medical Sciences 467 479 408 338 321

Total for ministries and agencies 6923 7061 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 470 448 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 20 54 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 4100 4071 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1451 1276 … … …

Filled applications for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 2252 2913 2887 2965 2338 Total for national academies of sciences 742 841 823 733 585 including: National Academy of Sciences 436 481 501 462 331 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 191 216 189 172 172

124

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Medical Sciences 115 144 133 99 82

Total for ministries and agencies 1510 2072 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 208 221 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 7 22 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 846 956 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 166 187 … … …

Filled applications for the plant varieties

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 328 281 263 206 226 Total for national academies of sciences 307 205 239 190 215 including: National Academy of Sciences 18 19 39 9 40 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 289 186 200 181 175 National Academy of Medical Sciences − − − − −

Total for ministries and agencies 21 262 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 3 43 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3 13 … … … Ministry of Healthcare − − … … …

125

V.5. Obtained patents and certificates for inventions in the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine in the organizations of the national academies of sciences and ministries

Obtained patents and certificates for inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, plant varieties – total

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 7748 8757 8552 8483 7864 Total for national academies of sciences 1688 1885 1552 1552 1668 including: National Academy of Sciences 790 897 750 856 808 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 437 520 382 355 550 National Academy of Medical Sciences 461 468 420 340 310 Total for ministries and agencies 6060 5848 of them: … … … Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 471 382 Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 22 53 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3362 3926 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 1273 1474 … … …

Obtained patents and certificates for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1931 2661 2694 2731 2244 Total for national academies of sciences 635 815 776 678 659 including: National Academy of Sciences 370 468 483 431 389 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 146 218 157 160 68

126

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Medical Sciences 119 129 136 86 102 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − 1 −

Total for ministries and agencies 1296 1866 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 195 181 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 9 24 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 683 917 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 121 198 … … …

Obtained patents and certificates for plant varieties

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 218 299 205 129 397 Total for national academies of sciences 194 272 186 120 375 including: National Academy of Sciences 28 72 14 19 67 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 166 200 172 101 308 National Academy of Medical Sciences − − − − −

Total for ministries and agencies 24 27 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 6 7 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3 10 … … … Ministry of Healthcare − − … … …

127

V.6. Applications for inventions to the foreign patent offices in organizations of the national academies of sciences and ministries

Filled applications – total

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 112 68 98 90 51 Total for national academies of sciences 41 19 42 37 23 including: National Academy of Sciences 10 18 19 20 18 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 31 1 23 17 _ Total for ministries and agencies 71 49 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2 − … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 15 6 … … … Ministry of Healthcare − − … … …

128

Filled applications for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 56 42 58 38 28 Total for national academies of sciences 10 18 19 12 7 including: National Academy of Sciences 10 18 13 12 7 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences − − 6 − − Total for ministries and agencies 46 24 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2 − … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 14 6 … … … Ministry of Healthcare − − … … …

Filled applications for plant varieties

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 33 1 16 20 11 Total for national academies of sciences 31 1 16 20 11 including: National Academy of Sciences − − − 3 11 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 31 1 16 17 − Total for ministries and agencies 2 − … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food − − … … …

129

V.7. Obtained patents and certificates for inventions in foreign patent offices by organizations of national academies of sciences and ministries

Obtained patents and certificates – total

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 84 72 86 72 62 Total for national academies of sciences 22 21 22 20 7 including: National Academy of Sciences 20 12 7 19 7 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 2 9 15 1 – Total for ministries and agencies 62 51 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2 2 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2 − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 12 10 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 3 1 … … …

130

Obtained patents and certificates for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 60 42 49 55 26 Total for national academies of sciences 19 12 6 16 7 including: National Academy of Sciences 19 12 6 16 7 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 41 30 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 2 − … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 1 − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 10 10 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 3 − … … …

Obtained patents and certificates for plant varieties

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 2 11 13 3 − Total for national academies of sciences 2 9 13 3 − including: National Academy of Sciences − − − 2 − National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 2 9 13 1 − Total for ministries and agencies − 2 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food − 2 … … …

131

VІ. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

VІ.1. International connections of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine*

* Source: Brief annual report of NAS of Ukraine for 2014.

VІ.2. Indicators of international scientific cooperation, by sector of performance

R&D personnel traveling abroad, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 9898 10264 10453 11060 7316 Government sector 3070 2974 2837 2818 1965 including national academies of sciences 2791 2702 2503 2473 1689 of them: NAS of Ukraine 2398 2298 2149 2111 1403

132

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Business enterprise sector 1978 2005 2312 2552 1285 Higher education sector 4850 5285 5304 5690 4066 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 31.0 29.0 27.1 25.5 26.9 including national academies of sciences 28.2 26.3 23.9 22.4 23.1 of them: NAS of Ukraine 24.2 22.4 20.6 19.1 19.2 Business enterprise sector 20.0 19.5 22.2 23.1 17.6 Higher education sector 49.0 51.5 50.7 51.4 55.6 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

Foreign trips of R&D personnel to international seminars, conferences etc., headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 9737 11369 10661 10890 7638 Government sector 3107 3630 3227 3236 1924 including national academies of sciences 2794 3180 2689 2683 1515 of them: NAS of Ukraine 2136 2394 2104 2057 1068 Business enterprise sector 841 818 644 778 433 Higher education sector 5789 6921 6790 6876 5281 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 31.9 31.9 30.3 29.7 25.2 including national academies of sciences 28.7 28.0 25.2 24.6 19.8 of them: NAS of Ukraine 21.9 21.1 20.7 18.9 14.0 Business enterprise sector 8.6 7.1 6.0 7.1 5.7 Higher education sector 59.5 60.9 63.7 63.1 69.1 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

133

International conferences, seminars and etc. hosted by organizations

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 2201 2516 2508 2619 2023 Government sector 655 766 749 718 561 including national academies of 512 643 616 594 448 sciences of them: NAS of Ukraine 358 378 381 427 323 Business enterprise sector 129 173 104 99 38 Higher education sector 1416 1577 1655 1802 1424 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 29.8 30.4 29.9 27.4 27.7 including national academies of 23.3 25.6 24.6 22.7 22.1 sciences of them: NAS of Ukraine 16.3 15.0 15.2 16.3 16.0 Business enterprise sector 5.9 6.9 4.1 3.8 1.9 Higher education sector 64.3 62.7 66.0 68.8 70.4 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

R&D grants obtained from international foundations

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1723 1727 1855 2147 1885 Government sector 508 431 402 396 360 including national academies of sciences 499 415 385 365 316 of them: NAS of Ukraine 461 379 359 333 289 Business enterprise sector 26 20 14 8 10 Higher education sector 1189 1276 1439 1743 1515 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 29.5 25.0 21.7 18.4 19.1 including national academies of sciences 29.0 24.0 21.0 17.0 16.8 of them: NAS of Ukraine 26.8 21.9 19.4 15.5 15.3 Business enterprise sector 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 Higher education sector 69.0 73.9 77.6 81.2 80.4 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

134

R&D personnel doing R&D by grants, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 4541 5155 5319 5083 4513 Government sector 1766 1880 1798 1766 1613 including national academies of sciences 1779 1817 1671 1613 1472 of them: NAS of Ukraine 1670 1629 1596 1530 1378 Business enterprise sector 144 625 644 42 175 Higher education sector 2631 2650 2877 3275 2725 Private non-profit sector − − − − − (as % of total of each year) Government sector 38.9 36.5 33.8 34.7 35.7 including national academies of sciences 39.2 35.2 31.4 31.7 32.6 of them: NAS of Ukraine 36.8 31.6 30.0 30.1 30.5 Business enterprise sector 3.2 12.1 12.1 0.8 3.9 Higher education sector 57.9 51.4 54.1 64.4 60.4 Private non-profit sector × × × × ×

VІ.3. Foreign trips of R&D personnel

R&D personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries, traveling abroad, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 9898 10264 10453 11060 7316 Total for national academies of sciences 2791 2702 2503 2473 1689 including: National Academy of Sciences 2398 2298 2149 2111 1403 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 134 110 140 120 74 National Academy of Medical Sciences 257 286 197 223 197 National Academy of Arts … 2 2 … …

135

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 2 6 14 18 15 National Academy of Law Sciences … − 1 1 … Total for ministries and agencies 7107 7564 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 662 389 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 40 103 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3163 3777 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 631 443 … … …

R&D personnel of national academies of sciences traveling abroad

3000 2398

2500 2298

2149 2111 2000

1500 1403

1000 286

500 257

223

197 197

140

134

120

110

2 2 2

1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 National National National National National National Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Academy of Sciences Agrarian Medical Arts Pedagogical Law Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

136

R&D personnel of ministries traveling abroad

4500

4000 3777 3628

3500 3433 3163 3000 2500 2000 1500

1000

675

662

631

486

451

443 389

500 373

103

40 37 0 Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Agrarian Ministry of Energy Education, Science, Healthcare Policy and Food and Coal Industry Youth and Sports

2008 2009 2010 2011

R&D personnel traveling abroad for performing R&D, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 5391 5988 5845 6217 3641 Total for national academies of sciences 2027 2089 1826 1656 1075 including: National Academy of Sciences 1926 1897 1732 1583 986 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 51 53 45 40 34 National Academy of Medical Sciences 50 134 48 18 40 National Academy of Arts … 2 − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − 3 1 15 15 National Academy of Law Sciences … − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 2640 3901 … … … of them:

137

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 190 118 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 30 95 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 987 1382 Ministry of Healthcare 250 111 … … …

R&D personnel traveling abroad for university teaching, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 574 489 477 435 281 Total for national academies of sciences 80 94 68 51 52 including: National Academy of Sciences 56 91 62 40 45 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 6 − 5 2 National Academy of Medical Sciences 18 3 − 8 7 National Academy of Arts … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences … − 1 1 − Total for ministries and agencies 489 395 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 167 44 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2 5 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 261 247 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 29 10 … … …

138

R&D personnel traveling abroad for training, education and professional development, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 3933 3787 4131 4408 3394 Total for national academies of sciences 684 519 609 766 562 including: National Academy of Sciences 416 310 355 488 372 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 77 57 95 78 40 National Academy of Medical Sciences 189 149 144 197 150 National Academy of Arts … − 2 − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 2 3 13 3 − National Academy of Law Sciences … − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 3052 3268 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 305 227 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 8 3 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 1915 2148 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 352 322 … … …

R&D personnel traveling abroad to international seminars and conferences, etc.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 9737 11369 10661 10890 7638 Total for national academies of sciences 2794 3180 2689 2683 1515 including: National Academy of Sciences 2136 2394 2104 2057 1068

139

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 152 160 164 184 102 National Academy of Medical Sciences 474 548 370 394 336 National Academy of Arts … − 2 − 1 National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 32 78 47 45 8 National Academy of Law Sciences − − 2 3 − Total for ministries and agencies 6943 8189 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 568 955 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 38 31 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 3863 4204 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 866 1057 … … …

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel of national academies of sciences traveling abroad by purpose 2010 2014

Performing 24.5 R&D 33.3 63.6 University teaching 2.9

Training, 72.6 3.1 education, professional development

140

R&D personnel of NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine traveling abroad by purpose, headcount

247 Participation in 91 conferences, seminars etc. 45

2148 Performing R&D 310 372

1382 Training, education, 1897 professional development 986

4204 University teaching 2394 1068

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Ministry of Education and Science 2011 National Academy of Sciences 2011 National Academy of Sciences 2014

141

VІ.4. Foreign trips of R&D personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries by trip duration

R&D personnel traveling abroad for up to 3 months, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 8906 9356 9549 10208 6489 Total for national academies of sciences 2487 2462 2307 2327 1546

including: National Academy of Sciences 2124 2066 1968 1970 1265 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 108 105 132 117 73 National Academy of Medical Sciences 255 283 193 221 193 National Academy of Arts … 2 − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − 6 13 18 15 National Academy of Law Sciences … − 1 1 − Total for ministries and agencies 5489 6894 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 651 375 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 40 103 … … … Ministry of Education and Science 2630 3230 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 567 401 … … …

142

R&D personnel traveling for 3 months to 1 year, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 819 786 776 750 777 Total for national academies of sciences 220 187 160 126 125

including: National Academy of Sciences 204 180 149 121 121 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 13 5 5 3 1 National Academy of Medical Sciences 1 2 3 2 3 National Academy of Arts … … 2 − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 2 − 1 − − National Academy of Law Sciences … − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 593 599 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 11 13 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 490 520 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 29 6 … … …

143

R&D personnel traveling for 1 to 2 years, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 96 49 86 55 21 Total for national academies of sciences 48 19 22 12 13

including: National Academy of Sciences 36 19 22 12 12 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 12 − − − − National Academy of Medical Sciences − − − − 1 National Academy of Arts … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences … − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 48 30 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food − − … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 19 8 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 20 18 … … …

144

R&D personnel traveling for longer than 2 years, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 77 75 42 47 29 Total for national academies of sciences 36 34 14 8 5

including: National Academy of Sciences 34 33 10 8 5 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 1 − 3 − − National Academy of Medical Sciences 1 1 1 − − National Academy of Arts … − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences … − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 41 41 … … …

of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food − 1 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 24 19 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 15 18 … … …

145

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel of national academies of sciences and ministries traveling abroad by trip duration

2010 2014

1.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 8.3 10.6 Up to 3 months

3 months to 1 year

1 to 2 years

90.0 88.7 Longer than 2 years

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel of national academies of sciences traveling abroad by trip duration

2010 2014

1.7 1.3 0.8 0.3 7.9 7.4 Up to 3 months

3 months to 1 year

1 to 2 years

89.1 91.5 Longer than 2 years

146

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel of NAS of Ukraine traveling abroad by trip duration

2010 2014

1.5 1.4 0.9 0.3 8.5 8.6 Up to 3 months

3 months to 1 year

1 to 2 years

88.6 90.2 Longer than 2 years

VІ.5. R&D grants obtained from international funds by research institutions of national academies of sciences and ministries

Obtained grants – total

2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 1138 1464 1723 1727 1855 2147 1885 Total for national academies of sciences 576 473 499 415 385 365 316 including: National Academy of Sciences 530 447 461 379 359 333 289 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 7 7 14 23 15 12 9 National Academy of Medical Sciences 27 17 17 11 8 20 18 National Academy of Arts … … … 2 3 − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 1 2 7 − − − −

147

continued 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National Academy of Law Sciences 11 − − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 532 764 1221 1312 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 9 16 13 16 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry 2 2 − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 443 678 758 835 … … … Ministry of Healthcare − − 187 236 … … …

R&D personnel performing R&D by grants

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 4541 5155 5319 5083 4513 Total for national academies of sciences 1779 1817 1671 1613 1472 including: National Academy of Sciences 1670 1629 1596 1530 1378 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 68 159 61 54 75 National Academy of Medical Sciences 7 27 11 29 19 National Academy of Arts … 2 3 − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 34 − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − Total for ministries and agencies 2746 3340 … … … of them: Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food 76 71 … … … Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry − − … … … Ministry of Education and Science 1787 1785 … … … Ministry of Healthcare 425 344 … … …

148

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel performing R&D by grants by national academy of sciences and ministries: 2010, % of total researchers performing R&D by grants

National Academy of Sciences 39.3 36.8 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Other national academies of sciences 1.5 0.8 Ministry of Education and Science 9.4 Ministry of Agrarian Policy 1.7 and Food Ministry of Healthcare 60.5 Other ministries and agencies

Percentage distribution of R&D personnel performing R&D by grants by national academy of sciences: 2014, % of total researchers performing R&D by grants

1.7 0.4

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Agrarian Sciences

Other national academies of sciences

30.5

149

VII. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN THE DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL RESEARCH AREA

VII.1. Publications of Ukrainian researchers in “Scopus” database*

Trends in Ukrainian publication activity, 2001-2014

Number of Number of Number of Number of Year Year papers citations papers citations 2001 6625 38189 2008 7183 39767 2002 5887 37471 2009 7041 30182 2003 6040 45048 2010 7511 27342 2004 6942 45604 2011 8237 30575 2005 7324 45792 2012 9168 23854 2006 6640 40907 2013 9561 11410 2007 6809 42926 2014 9218 2727 * As of December 2014. Source: Scimago Journal & Country Rank – URL: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch php?country=UA

Research papers by field of science: 2001-2014*

Number of papers % of total

Total 165575 100.0 fields of science: Physics and astronomy 38641 23.3 Mechanical engineering 32061 19.4 Material sciences 27225 16.4 Chemistry 14866 9.0 Mathematics 11592 7.0 Informatics 11165 6.7 Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 7419 4.5 Earth Sciences 5861 3.5

150

continued

Number of papers % of the total Chemical industry 5367 3.2 Medicine 4449 2.7 Ecology 3519 2.1 Agrarian sciences 3410 2.0 Others … … * As of December 2014. Source: Scimago Journal & Country Rank – URL: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=UA

Top 50 research organizations and universities by Hirsch Index in “Scopus” database

Number Number Hirsch of of papers Index citations M.M. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical 1 2766 33523 74 Physics National Science Center ‘Kharkiv Institute 2 4675 34959 73 of Physics and Technology’ 3 Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University 12416 49991 70 4 Institute of Physics 3634 29285 65 5 O.O. Bohomolets Institute of Physiology 2344 20049 58 6 Institute for Nuclear Research 2263 18939 58 7 Institute of molecular biology and genetics 1910 18812 58 B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature 8 4446 31195 56 Physics and Engineering Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and 9 1152 12418 56 Petrochemistry 10 Main Astronomical Observatory 926 14384 55 11 V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 7117 31308 54 G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal 12 2741 19947 54 Physics I.M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of 13 6987 23469 53 Materials Sciences

151

continued Number Number Hirsch of of papers Index citations 14 O.V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry 1891 12226 53 V.Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of 15 4088 22934 51 Semiconductor Physics Institute of Magnetism under NAS and 16 841 9884 47 MES of Ukraine 17 O.O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry 1445 12623 45 18 Lviv Ivan Franko National University 4976 21899 44 19 Odessa I.I.Mechnikov National University 2508 10490 44 20 Institute of Organic Chemistry 2590 12749 42 Chernivtsi Yu. Fed’kovych National 21 2186 7336 42 University L.V. Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical 22 2602 10283 40 Chemistry Donetsk O.O. Galkin Institute of Physics 23 1810 9831 39 and Engineering 24 Institute for Condensed Matter Physics 1128 10488 39 O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics 25 3405 9967 38 and Electronics 26 Institute of Mathematics 2769 10674 38 A.V. Dumansky Institute of Colloid and 27 1667 7092 38 Water Chemistry National Technical University of Ukraine 28 4817 9369 37 “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” ‘Institute for Single Crystals’ State R&D 29 1786 10523 36 Corporation Donetsk M. Gorky National Medical 30. 906 4780 35 University 31. Institute of Radio Astronomy 941 7295 34 32. S.P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics 2987 11515 32 33. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry 789 5552 32

152

continued Number Number Hirsch of of papers Index citations 34. Dnipro Oles Honchar National University 2728 7337 32 National Technical University “Kharkiv 35. 2021 5932 31 Polytechnic Institute” L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical- 36. 710 4168 30 Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry 37. National University "Lvivska Politechnika" 3142 5931 29 V.N. Bakul Institute for Superhard 38. 1430 5014 28 Materials V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and 39. 1195 4443 28 Inorganic Chemistry 40. I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology 791 3706 28 Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National 41. 308 2716 28 University Danylo Galytsky Lviv National Medical 42. 472 2339 28 University 43. Institute of Cell Biology 348 5755 27 44. Uzhgorod National University 1498 5273 27 45. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany 486 4330 26 Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic 46. 222 2466 26 Engineering 47. Donetsk National University 1530 3116 25 48. O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute 509 2710 25 49. Sumy State University 1123 5102 24 50. Institute for Scintillation Materials 658 2845 24 Source: Information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html - As of August 2015.

153

VII.2. Publications of research institutions of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and higher education institutions and research organizations of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine indexed in “Scopus” database: 2000-2013

Papers indexed in “Scopus” database: 2000–2013*

National Ministry of National Ministry of Year Academy of Education Year Academy of Education Sciences and Science Sciences and Science

2000 3299 1784 2007 3737 2773 2001 3803 2160 2008 3916 2960 2002 3353 1952 2009 3835 2761 2003 3443 1957 2010 3840 3046 2004 3768 2523 2011 4239 3569 2005 4040 2653 2012 4426 4081 2006 3621 2666 2013* 2624 2315 * As of September 2013. Source: Science of Ukraine in the mirror of scientometrics database “SciVerse Scopus”/Ukrainian Research and Academic Network – URL: http://jsi.net.ua/scopus/ratings_nanu/index. html

5000 4426 4239 4500 4040 3803 3916 3835 3840 4000 3768 3621 3737 3299 3353 3443 3500 4081 3569 3000 2624 2500 2960 3046 2653 2666 2773 2761 2000 2523 2160 2315 1500 1784 1952 1957 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

National Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education and Science

154

VII.3. Representation of research centers in “Ranking Web of World Research Centers”*

Numbers and ranks of research organizations in Commonwealth of Independent States and Baltic states

Number of World web ranking**

organizations maximal minimal The World 7353 1 7353 Europe 4061 7 7353 European Union 3379 7 7353 Central and Eastern Europe 798 13 7353 Commonwealth of Independent States Armenia 14 371 7140 Azerbaijan 1 3374 3374 Belarus 11 1188 7353 Kazakhstan 42 1899 7386 Kyrgyzstan 1 6276 6276 Moldova 19 346 7333 Russia 181 54 7353 Tajikistan … … … Turkmenistan … … … Ukraine 47 169 6785 Uzbekistan 2 3342 4826 Baltic states Estonia 14 677 3492 Latvia 5 1221 3492 Lithuania 29 362 7036 * As of January 2016. According to the methodology of “Ranking Web of World Research Centers” the international rank of an organization is derived by web metric indicators measuring “visibility” domain of this organization in Internet and “activity” of this organization in the search system of Google (number of web pages amount of files of different types and number of publications in “Google Scholar” database) – URL: http://research.webometrics.info/en/Europe/Ukraine%20; http://research.webometrics.info/en/Methodology ** Not including higher education institutions indexed in “Ranking Web of World Universities” – URL: http://www.webometrics.info/en/Europe/Ukraine%20) Source: “Ranking Web of World Research Centers” – URL: http://research.webometrics.info/en

155

VII.4. Representation of scientific journals published in Ukraine in international databases by national academy of sciences and ministry

Journals published in Ukraine are indexed in “Web of Science” database*

Number of Impact factor** journals maximal minimal

2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Total 18 16 1.299 1.245 0.102 0.136 National academies of sciences: National Academy of Sciences 17 15 1.299 1.245 0.102 0.136 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Medical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Arts − − − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − − Ministries Ministry of Education and Science 1 1 0.880 0.880 0.558 0.558 Ministry of Healthcare − − − − − − * Journals published inside Ukraine are included only. ** According to the Journal Citation Reports (Scientometric data of Web of Science platform of the corporation Thomson Reuters). Impact factor is an indicator of the intensity of citations of articles of the journal. Source: Information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html – As of August 2015.

156

Scientific journals published in Ukraine and indexed in “Scopus” database*

Number of Impact factor** journals maximal maximal

2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Total 33 37 0.675 0.641 0.100 0.100 National academies of sciences: National Academy of Sciences 18 19 0.569 0.477 0.105 0.107 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Medical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Arts − − − − − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences − − − − − − National Academy of Law Sciences − − − − − − Ministries: Ministry of Education and Science 10 11 0.242 0.304 0.100 0.100 Ministry of Healthcare 2 2 0.103 0.101 0.101 0.101 Others 3 5 0.250 0.198 0.127 0.100 * Journals published inside Ukraine are included only. ** According to SCImago Journal & Country Rank (Scientometric data platform SciVerse Scopus Corporation Elsevier). “Science Journal Rankings” is the indicator of intensity of citations of papers published in a journal, based on weight of reference sources. Source: Information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html – As of August 2015.

157

Journals of National Academy of Sciences published abroad in foreign languages

Publisher First edition year

Cybernetics and Systems Springer 1965 Analysis Theoretical and Experimental Springer 1965 Chemistry Materials Science Springer 1966 Ukrainian Mathematical Springer 1967 Journal International Applied Springer 1969 Mechanics Strength of Materials Springer 1969 Journal of Low Temperature Springer 1969 Physics Neurophysiology Springer 1969 Journal of Automation and Begell House 1996 Information Sciences Telecommunication and Begell House 1997 Radio Engineering Hydrobiological Journal Begell House 1998 International Journal on Begell House 1999 Algae Kinematics and Physics of Springer 2007 Celestial Bodies Journal of Superhard Springer 2007 Materials Cytology and Genetics Springer 2007 Journal of Water Chemistry Springer 2007 and Technology Walter de Gruyter Zoological Herald 2008 GmbH

158

continued

Publisher First edition year

Radio Physics and Radio Begell House 2010 – 2012 Astronomy Technical Diagnostics and Cambridge International … Non-Destructive Testing Science Publishing Ltd. The Ukrainian Biochemical Elsevier B.V. … Journal Source: Scientific Publishing Council of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nas.gov.ua/publications/news/Pages/contents.aspx?ffn1=ID&fft1=Eq&ffv1=307 – As of September 2015.

Journals of National Academy of Sciences published in Ukraine in English

First edition

year Biopolymers and Cell 1985 Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics 1998 Functional Materials 1998 Ukrainian Journal of Physics 2000 The Paton Welding Journal 2000 Advances in Electrometallurgy 2001 Journal of Mathematical Physics, Analysis, Geometry 2006 Experimental oncology 2006 Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine 2006 Journal of Thermoelectricity Selected editions till 2012 Science and Innovations 2014 Source: Scientific Publishing Council of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nas.gov.ua/publications/news/Pages/contents.aspx?ffn1=ID&fft1=Eq&ffv1=307 – As of September 2015.

159

VII.5. Impact indices of scientific journals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine published in Ukraine and included in international databases: 2014

“Web of “Scopus”* Science” Science Impact Journal h-index factor Rankings Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: 1.245 0.511 15 Methods and Applications (SIGMA) Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 0.815 − − Journal of Low Temperature Physics 0.786 − − Condensed Matter Physics 0.748 0.276 16 Journal of Superhard Materials 0.573 − − Cytology and Genetics 0.379 0.156 9 Strength of Materials 0.376 − − Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies 0.282 − − Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 0.231 − − Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 0.230 − − Powder metallurgy 0.219 − − Neurophysiology 0.195 − − Materials Science 0.195 − − Journal of Mathematical Physics, Analysis, 0.157 0.323 5 Geometry Problems of Atomic Science and Technology 0.136 0.201 6 Experimental Oncology − 0.641 28 Nonlinear Dynamics and Systems Theory − 0.307 9 Functional Materials − 0.247 6 Zoological Herald − 0.234 4 Metal Physics and Advanced Technologies − 0.208 9 Ukrainian Journal of Physics − 0.198 8 Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy − 0.187 4 Technical Electrodynamics − 0.186 4 Biopolymers and Cell − 0.162 10 Theory of Stochastic Processes − 0.149 2 The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal − 0.132 10 Physiological Journal − 0.114 7

160

continued “Web of “Scopus”* Science” Science Impact Journal h-index factor Rankings Microbiological Journal − 0.109 6 Journal of Thermoelectricity − 0.100 1 * According to SCImago Journal & Country Rank (Scientometric data platform SciVerse Scopus Corporation Elsevier). Hirsch index (h-index) − h is the number of journal articles referenced in more than h publications. Source: information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html – As of August 2015.

VII.6. Representation of Ukrainian research organizations and higher education institutions in “Google Scholar” database

Bibliometric portraits of Ukrainian researchers indexed in the “Google Scholar” database Number of bibliometric % of the total portraits Total 14000 100.0 Total for national academies of sciences 3325 22.7 including: National Academy of Sciences 2120 14.5 National Academy of Agrarian Sciences 820 5.6 National Academy of Medical Sciences 60 0.4 National Academy of Arts − − National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences 295 2.0 National Academy of Law Sciences 30 0.2 Total for ministries and agencies 10675 73.0 of them: Ministry of Education and Science 9840 67.3 Ministry of Healthcare 835 5.7 Other scientific organizations 630 4.3 Source: information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html – As of January 2016.

161

Ranks of research organizations and higher education institutions by number of researchers whose papers in “Google Scholar” have Hirsch index ≥ 30 Number of Hirsch bibliometric index portraits National Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics 96 5 M.M. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics 43 5 Institute of Mathematics 75 3 O.O. Bohomolets Institute of Physiology 162 3 Institute for Nuclear Research 8 3 Institute of Physics 60 2 National Science Center “Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology” 14 2 Main Astronomical Observatory 23 1 F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry 5 1 M.V. Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies 51 1 V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics 40 1 G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics 31 1 S.P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics 3 1 O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics 11 1 O.O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry 11 1 The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Institute of Agrarian Economics 28 1 Ministry of Education and Science Chernivtsi Yu. Fed’kovych National University 49 2 National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine 56 1 Sumy State University 218 1 Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkassy 39 1 Ministry of Healthcare Dnipro Medical Academy 5 1 Source: Information and analytical system “Bibliometryka Ukrainian Science” of V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – URL: http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/bpnu/index.html – As of January 2016.

162

VІІ.7. Monitoring of publications about National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in mass media*

Articles in domestic mass media devoted to NAS of Ukraine 2011– 2015

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All articles on the development of science in Ukraine 1300 1135 1535 1283 1681 including: articles on the operation of t NAS of Ukraine 135 100 125 82 154 of them: articles on analytical matters 75 30 58 58 73 including: constructive discussions 50 23 50 44 55 Others 25 7 8 14 18 (% of total number of articles on the development of science) articles on the operation of NAS of Ukraine 10.4 8.8 11.4 6.3 9.2 of them: articles on analytical matters 5.8 2.6 5.8 2.6 4.3 including: constructive discussions 3.9 2.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 Others 1.9 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.1 * Monitoring covers publications of 27 leading newspapers published in Ukraine including several Russian editions. Methodology of monitoring was published in: Golovashchenko L. R. and Khomenko L. O. (2005). The bibliographic analysis and monitoring of mapping the problems of science and the NAS of Ukraine in mass media. Science and Science of Science. – 2005. – No 4 (Annex). – P.113 – 121.

163

Mass media publications on the development of science in Ukraine by thematic heading: 2010 – 2015

2010- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015 total All publications 546 475 545 557 1195 1386 4704 headings: Problems of science development in Ukraine Operation and capacity building of science in Ukraine including its possible reorganization 178 135 100 125 258 154 960 The role of science in addressing environmental issues especially in relation to Chernobyl theme 58 33 58 56 165 144 514 Future development of national and global science; new areas of scientific research; new discoveries 63 69 91 61 78 80 442 Anniversaries of scientists and scientific events, awards and prizes for scientific work 26 23 36 28 64 163 340 Interactions of science and society, the role of the state in the development of scientific research issues of practical cooperation of NAS of Ukraine with the government 4 18 13 11 17 58 121 The role of science in improving medical technologies and tools 27 15 25 25 29 59 180

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continued 2010- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015 total Interactions of science and education; problems of status and development of university science 53 57 69 84 155 21 439 Our own innovation 29 25 31 35 50 42 212 Conferences symposia 40 27 37 38 42 45 229 The role of science in economic development 19 17 18 26 43 58 181 The role of science in improving mining energy and environmental technologies 21 23 27 17 141 81 310 International scientific cooperation 13 15 21 27 44 27 147 Contributions of Ukrainian science and technology in space exploration 8 13 11 12 54 77 175 Regulatory acts on research institutions including the NAS Ukraine – – – – 37 76 113 Operation of technoparks 2 – – – 1 - 3 Information about Press Club of the NAS of Ukraine – – – – – – – Science, politics and ideology 5 5 8 12 17 309 356

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VIII. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF R&D

VIII.1. R&D personnel

Researchers performing R&D, by region, association, country: 2007 and 2013

Researchers per Researchers, % of total 1,000,000 thousand persons populations

2007 2013 2007 2013 2007 2013 The World 6400.9 7758.9 100.0 100.0 959 1083 North America 1284.9 1433.3 20.1 18.5 3 814 4034 Latin America 222.6 280.0 3.5 3.6 416 488 Europe 2125.6 2408.1 33.2 31.0 2635 2941 Asia 2498.1 3318.0 39.0 42.8 630 785 Africa 150.1 187.5 2.3 2.4 157 169 OECD 3899.2 4481.6 60.9 57.8 3205 3542 G20 5605.1 6742.1 87.6 86.9 1276 1460 European Union 1458.1 1726.3 22.8 22.2 2911 3388 India 154.8 192.8 2.6 2.7 137 159 China … 1484.0 … 19.1 … 1071 Republic of Korea 221.9 321.8 3.5 4.1 4665 6533 Russia 469.1 440.6 7.3 5.7 3265 3085 USA 1133.6 1265.1 17.7 16.7 3731 3984 Japan 684.3 660.5 10.7 8.5 5377 5194 Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report

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Researchers per 1,000,000 populations, by region and association: 2007 and 2013*

Researchers per 1,000,000 populations

2007 2009 2011 2013 The World 959 1009 1050 1083 North America 3815 4081 4052 4034 Latin America 416 448 483 488 Europe 2635 2717 2816 2942 Africa 157 152 164 169 Asia 631 684 741 786 OECD 3206 33467 3434 3542 G20 1277 1353 1408 1461 European Union 2912 3082 3202 3388 Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report

Researchers per 1,000,000 populations, by region and association: 2013

The World 1083

North America 4034

Latin America 488

Europe 2942

European Union 3388

Africa 169

Asia 786

OECD 3542

G20 1461

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

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R&D personnel in EU and Ukraine: 2005-2013*

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukraine 105512 89564 84969 82032 77853 EU members: Austria 47625 59923 61171 64876 65800 Belgium 53517 60075 62895 64732 66406 Bulgaria 15853 16574 16986 16758 17545 Croatia 9270 10859 10622 10368 10448 Cyprus 1157 1302 1297 1241 1245 Czech Republic 43370 52290 55697 60329 61976 Denmark 43499 56623 57585 58657 58530 Estonia 4362 5277 5724 5855 5858 Finland 57471 55897 54526 54047 52972 France 349681 397756 402492 412003 420588 Germany 475278 548723 575099 591261 603861 Greece 33603 … 36913 37361 42030 Hungary 23239 31480 33960 35732 38163 Ireland 16690 19722 21560 22501 … Italy 175248 225632 228094 240179 252648 Latvia 5483 5563 5432 5593 5396 Lithuania 11002 12315 11173 10416 11080 Luxemburg 4392 4988 5351 4880 5003 Malta 825 1121 1383 1458 1473 Netherlands 93599 100544 117436 122206 123192 Poland 76761 81843 85219 90716 93751 Portugal 25728 47616 49599 47554 47931 Romania 33222 26171 29749 31135 … Slovakia 14404 18188 18112 18127 17166 Slovenia 8994 12940 15269 14974 15229 Spain 174773 222022 215079 208831 203302 Sweden 77704 77418 77950 81272 80957 United Kingdom 324917 350766 356258 356484 362061 * In full-time equivalent. Source: data of Statistics Division of the UN Economic Commission for Europe. – URL: http://ec. europa eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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R&D personnel in total employment in EU and Ukraine: 2005-2013*, %

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukraine 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.33 EU members: Austria 1.23 1.46 1.46 1.53 1.54 Belgium 1.26 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.46 Bulgaria 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.60 Croatia 0.59 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.69 Cyprus 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.34 Czech Republic 0.88 1.03 1.10 1.19 1.22 Denmark 1.58 2.05 2.09 2.13 2.13 Estonia 0.71 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.97 Finland 2.38 2.25 2.17 2.13 2.12 France 1.33 1.48 1.49 1.52 1.56 Germany 1.21 1.34 1.38 1.41 1.43 Greece 0.72 … 0.84 0.93 1.08 Hungary 0.56 0.78 0.84 0.88 0.93 Ireland 0.85 1.05 1.17 1.22 … Italy 0.72 0.91 0.92 0.97 1.04 Latvia 0.56 0.65 0.63 0.64 0.60 Lithuania 0.77 0.99 0.89 0.82 0.86 Luxemburg 1.43 1.39 1.45 1.29 1.29 Malta 0.55 0.69 0.83 0.86 0.84 Netherlands 1.12 1.15 1.33 1.39 1.42 Poland 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.61 Portugal 0.51 0.98 1.04 1.04 1.07 Romania 0.36 0.29 0.33 0.36 … Slovakia 0.69 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.78 Slovenia 0.97 1.35 1.61 1.60 1.65 Spain 0.88 1.13 1.12 1.13 1.13 Sweden 1.79 1.72 1.70 1.76 1.73 United Kingdom 1.13 1.21 1.22 1.21 1.21 * In full-time equivalent. Source: Data of Eurostat. – URL: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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Researchers in EU and Ukraine: 2005-2013

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukraine 85246 73413 70378 68599 65641 EU members: Austria 28470 36581 37114 39362 39923 Belgium 33146 40832 42686 43813 44649 Bulgaria 10053 10979 11902 11300 12275 Croatia 5727 7104 6847 6688 6529 Cyprus 682 905 915 877 885 Czech Republic 24169 29228 30682 33217 34271 Denmark 28179 37435 39180 40946 40858 Estonia 3331 4077 4511 4582 4407 Finland 39582 41425 40003 40468 39196 France 202507 243533 249247 259066 265177 Germany 272148 327996 338689 352419 360365 Greece 19593 … 24674 24800 29055 Hungary 15878 21342 23019 23837 25038 Ireland 11587 14176 15172 15732 … Italy 82489 103424 106151 110695 117973 Latvia 3282 3896 3947 3904 3625 Lithuania 7637 8599 8390 8023 8557 Luxemburg 2227 2636 3031 2491 2615 Malta 479 599 759 848 878 Netherlands 47854 53703 61335 73252 76815 Poland 62162 64511 64133 67001 71472 Portugal 21126 41523 44056 42498 43321 Romania 22958 19780 16080 18016 … Slovakia 10921 15183 15326 15271 14727 Slovenia 5253 7703 8774 8884 8707 Spain 109720 134653 130235 126778 123225 Sweden 55090 49312 48589 49280 62294 United Kingdom 248599 256585 251358 256156 259347 Source: Data of Eurostat – URL: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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R&D personnel and researchers per 1,000 employment (15–70 years old): 2010-2013

R&D personnel per 1,000 Researchers per 1,000 employment employment 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukraine 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.4 EU members: 17.4 18.3 … … 11.2 11.6 … … Bulgaria 6.8 7.0 7.4 … 4.6 5.0 5.2 … Czech Republic 15.9 16.9 17.9 … 8.9 9.4 9.7 … Estonia 17.7 16.8 19.4 … 13.2 12.7 12.4 … Germany … 21.5 … … … 13.5 … … Hungary 14.3 14.5 14.6 … 9.4 9.7 9.5 … Latvia 10.8 11.7 12.3 … 7.7 8.6 9.1 … Lithuania 15.2 17.9 17.3 … 11.3 13.8 13.9 … Poland 8.4 8.6 9.0 … 6.5 6.5 6.6 … Romania 4.2 4.6 4.6 … 3.3 2.8 3.0 … Slovakia 12.1 12.4 12.4 11.9 10.4 10.7 10.8 10.5 Spain 19.2 19.2 19.4 … 12.0 12.0 12.2 … * Researchers, technicians and supporting staff.

Researchers, technicians and supporting staff in total R&D personnel: 2010-2013, %

Researchers Technicians Supporting staff

2010 2012 2013 2010 2012 2013 2010 2012 2013 Ukraine 63.5 64.8 65.3 14.0 12.7 12.2 22.5 22.5 22.5 EU members: 64.0 … … … … … … … … Bulgaria 67.9 70.2 … 21.5 … … 10.6 … … Czech Republic 55.7 54.5 … 30.4 30.7 … 13.9 14.9 … Estonia 74.4 74.8 … 17.8 17.9 … 7.9 7.3 … Germany … 62.5* … … 21.7* … … 15.8* … Hungary 66.1 65.5 … 17.3 18.1 … 16.6 16.4 … Latvia 71.0 74.1 … 17.6 … … 11.3 … … Lithuania 74.3 80.0 … 12.2 … … 13.5 … … Poland 77.8 74.2 … 13.2 16.6 … 9.1 9.2 … Romania 78.6 65.2 … 8.7 13.6 … 12.7 21.2 … Slovakia 85.5 86.8 87.8 10.1 9.5 8.7 4.4 3.7 3.4 Spain 62.2 62.9 … 23.9 24.2 … 13.9 12.9 … * Data for 2011.

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VIII.2. R&D funding in the world

Domestic R&D expenditure in purchasing power parity (PPP) USD* by region and association: 2007–2013

R&D expenditure, in % in global total USD billion PPP 2007 2009 2011 2013 2007 2009 2011 2013

The World 1132.3 1225.5 1340.2 1477.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 North America 382.7 396.5 404.8 427.0 33.8 32.4 30.2 28.9 Latin America 35.5 39.8 45.6 50.1 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 Europe 297.1 311.6 327.5 335.7 26.2 25.4 24.4 22.7 Africa 12.9 15.5 17.1 19.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 Asia 384.9 440.7 524.8 622.9 34.0 36.0 39.2 42.2 OECD 860.8 882.2 926.1 975.6 76.0 72.0 69.1 66.0 G20 1042.6 1127.0 1231.1 1358.5 92.1 92.0 91.9 91.9 European Union 251.3 262.8 278.0 282.0 22.2 21.4 20.7 19.1 * Purchasing power parity (PPP) - the amount of currency needed to buy a standard set of goods and services, which can be bought in one currency unit of the base country (or one unit of common currency of country group). In its simplest form, the PPP is the ratio of prices. PPP is calculated not only on individual products, but also on product groups and for each of the different levels of aggregation costs down to the level of GDP. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https:// en.unesco.org /unesco_science_report

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Domestic R&D expenditure by region and association: 2007 and 2013

Domestic R&D Domestic R&D Domestic R&D expenditure per expenditure per expenditure in capita, in USD researcher, in USD GDP, % PPP thousand PPP 2007 2013 2007 2013 2007 2013 The World 1.57 1.70 169.7 206.3 176.9 190.4 North America 2.57 2.71 1136.2 1201.8 297.9 297.9 Latin America 0.59 0.69 66.3 87.2 159.5 178.9 Europe 1.58 1.75 368.3 410.1 139.8 139.4 Africa 0.36 0.45 13.5 17.9 86.2 106.1 Asia 1.39 1.62 97.2 147.5 154.1 187.7 OECD 2.23 2.42 707.7 771.2 220.8 217.7 G20 1.80 1.97 237.5 294.3 186.0 201.5 European Union 1.71 1.92 501.9 553.5 172.4 163.4

Domestic R&D expenditure in selected countries: 2007-2013

R&D expenditure, in % in global total USD billion PPP 2007 2009 2011 2013 2007 2009 2011 2013 Argentina 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Brazil 23.9 26.1 30.2 31.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 Canada 23.3 23.0 22.7 21.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 China 116.0 169.4 220.6 290.1 10.2 13.8 16.5 19.6 Egypt 1.6 3.0 4.0 5.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 India 31.1 36.2 42.8 … 2.7 3.0 3.2 … Israel 8.6 8.4 9.1 10.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 Japan 139.9 126.9 133.2 141.4 12.4 10.4 9.9 9.6 Malaysia 2.7 4.8 5.7 6.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 Mexico 5.3 6.0 6.4 7.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Republic of Korea 38.8 44.1 55.4 64.7 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.4 Russia 22.2 24.2 23.0 24.8 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 Turkey 6.3 7.1 8.5 10.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 USA 359.4 373.5 382.1 396.7 31.7 30.5 28.5 28.1 Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report

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Domestic R&D expenditure in selected countries: 2007 and 2013

Domestic R&D Domestic R&D Domestic R&D expenditure per expenditure in GDP, expenditure per % capita, in USD PPP researcher, in USD thousand PPP

2007 2013 2007 2013 2007 2013 Argentina 0.40 0.58 64.5 110.7 65.6 88.2 Brazil 1.11 1.15 126.0 157.5 205.8 … Canada 1.92 1.63 707.5 612.0 154.2 141.9 China 1.40 2.08 87.0 209.3 - 195.4 Egypt 0.26 0.68 21.5 64.8 32.4 111.6 India 0.79 … 26.8 … 171.4 … Israel 4.48 4.21 1238.9 1290.5 … 152.9 Japan 3.46 3.47 1099.5 1112.2 204.5 214.1 Malaysia 0.61 1.13 101.1 219.9 274.6 123.5 Mexico 0.37 0.50 46.6 65.0 139.3 … Republic of Korea 3.00 4.15 815.6 1312.7 174.8 200.9 Russia 1.12 1.12 154.7 173.5 47.4 56.3 Turkey 0.72 0.95 90.9 133.5 127.1 112.3 USA 2.63 2.81 1183.0 1249.3 317.0 313.6 Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_repor

Expenditure on basic research as percent of GDP in selected countries: 2012, %

Expenditure on basic Country research in GDP China 0.10 Ukraine (2014) 0.18 Hungary 0.21 Poland 0.23 Spain 0.26 Slovakia (2013) 0.31 Slovenia 0.30 Italy 0.32 Estonia 0.35 Singapore 0.40

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continued Expenditure on basic Country research in GDP Japan (2013) 0.44 Israel (2013) 0.46 Australia (2008) 0.45 USA 0.46 Austria (2011) 0.51 Denmark 0.52 Czech Republic 0.54 Netherlands 0.55 Iceland (2011) 0.62 France 0.64 Republic of Korea 0.74 Switzerland 0.90 Source: OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. – 2014, – Issue 2, March 12, 2015. – URL: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/main-science- and-technology-indicators_2304277x

Budgetary appropriations on R&D in selected countries: 1991, 2000, 2014

1991 2000 2014 Ratio 2014 USD million PPP to 2000 Brazil 6761.5 14440.1 2.1 Canada 3728.8 4589.9 7736.3 1.7 China … 10904.0 71000.5 6.5 France 13855.3 14747.5 17872.4 1.2 Germany 15667.7 16817.0 32666.2 1.9 Italy 7613.1 9374.8 11084.6 1.2 Japan 10767.4 21193.4 34685.2 1.6 Republic of Korea … 5020.2 19933.5 4.0 United Kingdom 8145.5 10520.2 13744.3 1.3 USA 65897.0 83612.5 135665.0 1.6 Source: Compiled according to - URL: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and- technology/main-science-and-technology-indicators_2304277x.

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Domestic R&D expenditure in EU countries: 2005-2013

2005 2010 2012 2013 Ratio 2013/ USD million PPP 2005 EU members: 230237.9 308606.8 338648.6 336367.4 1.46 Austria 6802.6 9585.9 10910.2 11282.2 1.66 Belgium 6171.1 8766.0 10334.0 10603.4 1.72 Bulgaria 347.4 637.1 749.1 … … Croatia 590.4 624.1 672.4 … … Cyprus 74.8 127.3 125.6 … … Czech Republic 2664.5 3796.4 5388.0 5812.9 2.18 Denmark 4418.9 6811.8 7362.8 7513.4 1.70 Estonia 207.2 444.3 706.2 592.2 2.86 Finland 5601.2 7653.1 7443.9 7175.6 1.28 France 39235.7 50730.0 54541.0 55218.1 1.41 Germany 64298.8 87822.0 100699.1 100991.4 1.57 Greece 1615.5 1927.3 1945.4 2273.9 1.41 Hungary 1615.7 2472.6 2842.7 3249.6 2.01 Ireland 2009.4 3166.4 3271.5 … … Italy 17999.0 25151.5 26849.6 26520.4 1.47 Latvia 167.6 223.1 292.2 … 1.74 Lithuania 364.6 487.1 656.1 … 1.80 Luxemburg 495.3 641.4 563.8 571.5 1.15 Malta 48.0 75.3 102.3 … … Netherlands 10904.4 12822.2 15071.0 15377.4 1.41 Poland 2982.4 5722.6 7827.4 7918.1 2.65 Portugal 1755.2 4362.8 3911.6 3942.7 2.25 Romania 831.8 1516.6 1738.4 1452.9 1.75 Slovakia 440.1 816.1 1127.5 1190.6 2.71 Slovenia 674.9 1162.9 1508.9 1537.8 2.28 Spain 13330.8 20336.2 19452.9 19133.2 1.44 Sweden 10509.9 12585.4 13703.2 14151.3 1.35 United Kingdom 34080.7 38139.3 38851.8 39858.8 1.17 Source: Data of Eurostat. – URL: http://ec.europa. eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

176

Domestic R&D expenditure in GDP in EU countries and Ukraine: 2005-2013, %

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukraine* 0.99 0.83 0.74 0.75 0.70 EU members: 1.76 1.93 1.97 2.01 2.01 Austria 2.38 2.74 2.68 2.88 2.95 Belgium 1.78 2.05 2.15 2.24 2.28 Bulgaria 0.45 0.59 0.55 0.62 0.65 Croatia 0.86 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.81 Cyprus 0.37 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.48 Czech Republic 1.17 1.34 1.56 1.79 1.92 Denmark 2.39 2.94 2.97 3.02 3.06 Estonia 0.92 1.58 2.34 2.16 1.74 Finland 3.33 3.73 3.64 3.42 3.31 France 2.04 2.18 2.19 2.23 2.23 Germany 2.43 2.72 2.80 2.88 2.85 Greece 0.58 0.60 0.67 0.69 0.80 Hungary 0.93 1.15 1.20 1.27 1.41 Ireland 1.20 1.62 1.53 1.58 … Italy 1.05 1.22 1.21 1.27 1.26 Latvia 0.53 0.60 0.70 0.66 0.60 Lithuania 0.75 0.78 0.90 0.90 0.95 Luxemburg 1.59 1.50 1.41 1.16 1.16 Malta 0.53 0.64 0.70 0.86 0.85 Poland 0.57 0.72 0.75 0.89 0.87 Portugal 0.76 1.53 1.46 1.38 1.37 Romania 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.48 0.39 Slovakia 0.49 0.62 0.67 0.81 0.83 Slovenia 1.41 2.06 2.43 2.58 2.59 Spain 1.10 1.35 1.32 1.27 1.24 Sweden 3.39 3.22 3.22 3.28 3.30 Netherlands 1.81 1.72 1.90 1.95 1.98 United Kingdom 1.63 1.69 1.69 1.63 1.63 * 0.66% in 2014. Source: Data of Eurostat. – URL: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently- published.

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0.99 Ukraine 0.70 1.76 EU members: 2.01 2.38 Austria 2.95 1.78 Belgium 2.28 0.45 Bulgaria 0.65 0.86 Croatia 0.81 0.37 Cyprus 0.48 1.17 Czech Republic 1.92 2.39 Denmark 3.06 0.92 Estonia 1.74 3.33 Finland 3.31 2.04 France 2.23 2.43 Germany 2.85 0.58 Greece 0.80 0.93 Hungary 1.41 1.20 Ireland 0.00 1.05 Italy 1.26 0.53 Latvia 0.60 0.75 Lithuania 0.95 1.59 Luxemburg 1.16 0.53 Malta 0.85 1.81 Netherlands 1.98 0.57 Poland 0.87 0.76 Portugal 1.37 0.41 Romania 0.39 0.49 Slovakia 0.83 1.41 Slovenia 2.59 1.10 Spain 1.24 3.39 Sweden 3.30 1.63 United Kingdom 1.63 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 2005 2013

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Domestic R&D expenditure in EU countries by sector of performance: 2013*, USD million PPP

including Business Higher Total Government Private non- enterprise education sector profit sector sector sector EU members: Austria 11282.2 579.7 7760.4 2886.6 55.5 Belgium 10603.4 932.7 7326.6 2298.8 45.4 Bulgaria 749.1 225.0 453.3 60.2 10.6 Croatia 672.4 184.8 308.2 178.4 … Cyprus 125.6 20.9 17.4 70.5 16.7 Czech Republic 5812.9 1064.5 3145.7 1582.7 20.0 Denmark 7513.4 179.8 4916.2 2387.2 30.2 Estonia 592.2 52.9 282.6 250.5 6.2 Finland 7175.6 640.3 4940.8 1543.8 50.7 France 55218.1 7259.5 35756.4 11457.3 745.0 Germany 100991.4 15243.3 67569.5 18178.6 … Greece 2273.9 636.3 758.2 851.1 28.3 Hungary 3249.6 484.0 2256.2 467.7 … Ireland 3271.5 158.6 2356.5 756.4 … Italy 26520.4 3957.3 14316.5 7481.9 764.8 Latvia 292.2 79.2 66.0 146.9 … Lithuania 656.1 129.1 174.5 352.6 … Luxemburg 571.5 133.2 350.8 87.5 … Malta 102.3 3.8 61.4 37.1 … Netherlands 15377.4 1881.1 8561.3 4935.0 … Poland 7918.1 2124.4 3453.6 2316.8 23.3 Portugal 3942.7 228.4 1875.5 1492.0 346.8 Romania 1452.9 715.3 445.5 286.5 5.8 Slovakia 1190.6 243.9 550.8 394.1 1.8 Slovenia 1537.8 200.1 1176.9 160.3 0.6 Spain 19133.2 3582.7 10155.5 5363.3 31.7 Sweden 14151.3 521.2 9757.1 3841.2 31.8 United Kingdom 39858.8 2913.8 25713.6 10483.2 748.3 * For 2013 or the year for which data is available. Source: Data of Eurostat – URL: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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Domestic R&D expenditure in EU countries and Ukraine by sector of performance: 2013*, % of total

Business Higher Government Private non- enterprise education sector profit sector sector sector Ukraine 38.6 55.2 6.2 … EU members: 12.3 63.5 23.4 0.9 Austria 5.1 68.8 25.6 0.5 Belgium 8.8 69.1 21.7 0.4 Bulgaria 29.7 61.1 8.6 0.6 Croatia 25.5 50.1 24.4 … Cyprus 14.4 15.4 57.3 12.9 Czech Republic 18.3 54.1 27.2 0.3 Denmark 2.4 65.4 31.8 0.4 Estonia 8.9 47.7 42.3 1.1 Finland 8.9 68.9 21.5 0.7 France 13.1 64.8 20.7 1.4 Germany 15.1 66.9 18.0 … Greece 28.0 33.3 37.4 1.3 Hungary 14.9 69.4 14.4 … Ireland 4.8 72.0 23.1 … Italy 14.9 54.0 28.2 2.9 Latvia 28.9 28.2 42.9 … Lithuania 19.7 26.6 53.7 … Luxemburg 23.3 61.4 15.3 … Malta 10.2 54.3 35.6 … Netherlands 12.2 55.7 32.1 … Poland 26.8 43.6 29.3 0.3 Portugal 5.8 47.6 37.8 8.8 Romania 49.2 30.7 19.7 0.4 Slovakia 20.5 46.3 33.1 0.1 Slovenia 13.0 76.5 10.4 0.0 Spain 18.7 53.1 28.0 0.2 Sweden 3.7 68.9 27.1 0.2 United Kingdom 7.3 64.5 26.3 1.9 * For 2013 or the year for which data is available. Source: Data of Eurostat – URL: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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Domestic R&D expenditure in EU countries and Ukraine by source of funds: 2013*, % of total

Other From Government Business domestic abroad sources Ukraine 47.7 29.0 0.3 21.6 EU members: 32.8 55.0 2.5 9.7 Austria 36.8 47.4 0.4 15.4 Belgium 23.4 60.2 3.5 13.0 Bulgaria 31.6 19.5 0.6 48.3 Croatia 39.7 42.8 2.0 15.5 Cyprus 66.4 10.9 5.3 17.5 Czech Republic 34.7 37.6 0.5 27.2 Denmark 29.3 59.8 3.8 7.2 Estonia 47.2 42.1 0.4 10.3 Finland 26.0 60.8 1.6 11.5 France 35.0 55.4 2.0 7.6 Germany 29.8 65.2 0.3 4.4 Greece 52.3 30.3 3.5 14.0 Hungary 35.9 46.8 0.8 16.6 Ireland 27.3 50.3 1.0 21.4 Italy 42.5 44.3 3.7 9.5 Latvia 23.9 21.8 2.7 51.6 Lithuania 34.5 27.5 0.9 37.1 Luxemburg 30.5 47.8 1.3 20.4 Malta 33.9 44.3 1.5 20.3 Netherlands 33.3 51.1 3.4 12.2 Poland 47.2 37.3 2.3 13.1 Portugal 43.1 46.0 5.7 5.2 Romania 52.3 31.0 1.2 15.5 Slovakia 38.9 40.2 2.9 18.0 Slovenia 26.9 63.8 0.4 8.9 Spain 41.6 46.3 4.7 7.4 Sweden 28.2 61.0 4.0 6.8 United Kingdom 27.0 46.5 5.8 20.6 * For 2013 or the year for which data is available. Source: Data of Eurostat – URL: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

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VIII.3. R&D output

Global indicators of publication activity: 2008 and 2014

Publications % in global Publications 2014 to per 1,000,000 total 2008, % inhabitants 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 The World 1029471 1270425 23.4 100.0 100.0 153 176 Europe 438450 498817 13.8 42.6 39.3 542 609 Asia 292230 501798 71.7 28.4 39.5 73 118 Africa 20786 33282 60.1 2.0 2.6 21 29 ОЕСD 801151 899810 12.3 77.8 70.8 654 707 G20 949949 1189605 25.2 92.3 93.6 215 256 European Union 379154 432195 14.0 36.8 34.0 754 847 China 102368 256834 150.9 9.9 20.2 76 184 France 59304 65086 9.7 5.8 5.1 948 1007 Germany 79402 91631 15.4 7.7 7.2 952 1109 India 37228 53733 44.3 3.6 4.2 32 42 Japan 76244 73128 -4.1 7.4 5.8 599 576 Republic of Korea 33431 50258 50.3 3.2 4.0 698 1015 United Kingdom 77116 87948 14.0 7.5 6.9 1257 1385 USA 289769 321846 11.1 28.1 25.3 945 998 Source: Data of UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 – Executive Summary – URL: https://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report

182

Publications and citations in scientific journals indexed in WEB of Science: 2010-2014* (by Essential Science Indicators Thomson Reuters)

Average Number of Number of citation per publications* citations** publication EU members: Austria 65994 521672 7.90 Belgium 96824 730185 7.95 Bulgaria 11267 55094 4.89 Croatia 17704 81778 4.62 Cyprus 4474 27854 6.23 Czech Republic 51907 287242 5.53 Denmark 72674 638497 8.79 Estonia 7808 58579 7.50 Finland 56041 429418 7.66 France 339425 2463475 7.26 Germany 486406 3731215 7.67 Greece 53750 332545 6.19 Hungary 30833 185059 6.00 Ireland 36740 286529 7.80 Italy 290675 2011572 6.92 Latvia 2851 13248 4.65 Lithuania 9965 41342 4.15 Luxemburg 3895 22852 5.87 Malta 952 4136 4.34 Netherlands 177148 1595233 9.01 Poland 112211 454808 4.05 Portugal 58742 343120 5.84 Romania 36813 126246 3.43 Slovakia 15720 71448 4.55 Slovenia 18499 91009 4.92 Spain 258921 1682625 6.50 Sweden 114429 912568 7.97 United Kingdom*** 540636 4462239 8.18 * Publications indexed in Web of Science database (articles reviews and reports at conferences) are included. Data is for 2010–2014. ** The number of citations indexed in Web of Science database for 2010–2014. *** For United Kingdom the number of publications and citations consists of the figures for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and the average number of citations per article is the average figure of these territories. Source: URL: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published.

183

Patents presented by USPTO* by origin: 2008, 2013

Number of patents 2013 to % in global total

2008 2008 2013 2008 2013

The World 157768 277832 1.8 100.0 100.0 North America 83097 145114 1.7 52.7 52.2 Europe 25780 48737 1.9 16.3 17.5 European Union 24121 45401 1.9 15.3 16.3 Asia 46773 83904 1.8 29.6 30.2 ОЕСD 148658 257066 1.7 94.2 92.5 G20 148608 260904 1.8 94.2 93.9 Canada 3936 7761 2.0 2.5 2.8 China 1757 7568 4.3 1.1 2.7 France 3683 7287 2.0 2.3 2.6 Germany 9901 17586 1.8 6.3 6.3 India 848 3317 3.9 0.5 1.2 Israel 1337 3405 2.5 0.8 1.2 Japan 34198 52835 1.5 21.7 19.0 Republic of Korea 7677 14839 1.9 4.9 5.3 United Kingdom 3828 7476 2.0 2.4 2.7 USA 79968 139139 1.7 50.7 50.1 * USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) – US Patent Office. Source: Patent Office and Trademark United States (USPTO) PATSTAT. - URL: http://www.uspto.gov

184

Patent applications for inventions filled in EU countries by national and foreign applicants: 2013* including applicants Total patent applications national foreign

EU members: Austria 2406 2162 244 Belgium 876 715 161 Bulgaria 297 282 15 Croatia 253 230 23 Cyprus 3 2 1 Czech Republic 1081 984 97 Denmark 1534 1341 193 Estonia 42 25 17 Finland 1737 1596 141 France 16886 14690 2196 Germany 63167 47353 15814 Greece 717 698 19 Hungary 708 642 66 Ireland 390 333 57 Italy 9212 8307 905 Latvia 233 225 8 Lithuania 137 117 20 Luxemburg 169 113 56 Malta 17 13 4 Netherlands 2764 2315 449 Poland 4411 4237 174 Portugal 669 647 22 Romania 1046 993 53 Slovakia 210 184 26 Slovenia 481 470 11 Spain 3244 3026 218 Sweden 2495 2332 163 United Kingdom 22938 14972 7966 * Or in the nearest years for which data is available. Source: Data of Eurostat. – URL: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/publications/recently-published

185

ІХ. SUPPLEMENTARY INTERNAL STATISTICS OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE 5

IX.1. Institutional structure of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

including Enterprises and Year Total Research organizations of the Institutes organizations experimental and production base (EPB) 1963 56 56 55 − 1988 173 88 66 85 2008 221 173 109 48 2009 218 173 109 45 2010 216 171 109 45 2011 214 169 110 45 2012 215 169 110 46 2013 215 168 111 46 2014 215 168 112 46

Dynamics of framework 250 221 218 216 214 215 215 215

200

173 173

171

169 169

168 168

150

112

111

110 110

109 109 109

100

46 46 46

45 45 50 45

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Research organizations, including institutes Institutes Enterprises and organizations of the EPB Total

5 Used statistical indicators of annual reports on the activities of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for 2000-2014.

186

ІХ.2. Employees in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Dynamics of number of employees, headcount

including Enterprises and Year Total organizations of Research Institutes the experimental organizations and production base (EPB) 2008 43211 39378 2569 1264 2009 43066 39297 2519 1250 2010 42426 39069 2176 1181 2011 41754 38475 2132 1147 2012 40609 37426 2039 1144 2013 40211 37132 1970 1109 2014 37447 34609 1732 1106

50000 43211 43066 42426 41754 45000 40609 40211 40000 37447 35000 39378 39297 39069 38475 37426 37132 30000 34609 25000 20000 15000 10000 2569 2519 2176 2132 2039 1970 1732 5000 1264 1250 1181 1147 1144 1109 1106 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Research organizations, including institutes Institutes Enterprises and organizations of the experimental and production base (EPB)

187

ІХ.3. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by scientific degree

Number of researchers, headcount

25000 19861 19552 19337 19292 18346 20000 16424

15000

8998

8906

8817

8675

8231

8213 8063

10000 8007

7976

7851

7603 6136

5000

2632

2610

2583

2564

2530 2437

0 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Doctors of sciences Candidates of sciences Without scientific degree Total

Share of doctors of sciences, candidates of sciences and researchers without scientific degree in total number of researchers, %

60.0

50.0 47.8 45.3 45.6 45.6 45.0 45.0

40.0 37.4 41.4 41.2 41.1 41.5 41.5 30.0

20.0 14.8 13.3 13.2 13.3 13.5 13.5 10.0

0.0 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Doctors of sciences Candidates of sciences Without scientific degree

188

ІХ.4. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by field of science and department

headcount 2013 2014 including including Departments Doctors Doctors Total Candidates Total Candidates of of of sciences of sciences sciences sciences Mathematics 424 130 230 377 109 198 Informatics 1033 114 347 967 103 319 Mechanics 851 146 327 838 150 316 Physics and Astronomy 2656 492 1135 2608 486 1109 Geosciences 1215 155 463 899 113 359 Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 3046 305 950 2979 296 955 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering 1142 136 418 1117 140 410 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 1570 162 529 1584 166 516 Chemistry 1399 160 723 1350 165 705 Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology 1206 172 619 1189 177 588 General Biology 1491 158 674 1220 139 550 Economics 748 129 356 684 117 330 History, Philosophy and Law 1414 203 704 1408 215 706 Literature, Language and Art Criticism 509 76 292 523 77 291

189

ІХ.5. Researchers in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by age

Average age of researchers by scientific degree, years

70 63.9 62.8 63.2 63.4 63.7

52.0 50.8 51.1 51.8 49.7 50 50.8 51.1 50.9 50.8 49.7

40 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Doctors of sciences Candidates of sciences Without scientific degree

Researchers younger than 35 years old, headcount

3500 3122 3021 2965 2984 3000 2839

2500

2000

1500 1638 1463 1415 1000 1352 1362 396 354 321 500 275 185 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Researchers Candidates of sciences University graduates

190

ІХ.6. Post-graduate and doctoral training in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: 2010-2014

Post-graduate courses, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Institutions with postgraduate courses 143 142 142 142 137 Postgraduate students 2716 2669 2559 2349 2045 Admission to postgraduate courses

Total 839 836 773 636 581 including: full-time 543 543 540 473 456 part-time 296 293 233 163 125 Graduates of postgraduate courses

Total 748 703 688 689 647 including: full-time 507 480 490 468 467 part-time 241 223 198 221 180 with defended thesis 41 48 52 42 39

191

Admission to postgraduate courses, headcount

1000 900 839 836 773 762 800 700 581 600 543 543 540 530 500 456 400 296 293 300 233 232 200 125 100 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Full-time Part-time

Graduates of postgraduate courses, headcount

1000 900 800 748 703 688 689 700 647 600 507 480 490 468 467 500 400 300 241 223 198 221 200 200 100 41 48 52 42 39 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Full-time Part-time With defended thesis

192

Doctoral courses*

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Institutions with the doctoral courses 60 63 62 65 65 Doctoral students 169 182 181 189 177 Admission to doctoral courses Total 61 63 64 66 59 including: by contract and special-purpose designation 6 3 4 6 - Graduates of doctoral courses Total 57 46 63 56 56 including: with defended doctoral thesis 9 1 5 3 2 * Doctoral courses have operated in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine since 1988.

Admission and graduation of doctoral courses, headcount

80 66 70 63 64 61 59 60 63 50 57 56 55 40 46 30 20 9 5 3 6 1 6 10 3 4 2 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total admission By contract and special-purpose designation Total graduation With defended doctoral thesis

193

Trends in defending theses

600 548 534 517 500 459

400 367 434 416 427 371 300 300 200 121 100 101 88 100 67

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Candidates of sciences Doctors of sciences

Women among postgraduate and doctoral students*, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Female postgraduate students – total 20817 20628 20219 19073 16563 including NAS of Ukraine 1336 1307 1249 1139 995 Female doctoral students – total 790 855 943 964 916 including NAS of Ukraine 60 60 61 64 68 (as % in total of each year) Female postgraduate students – total 60.1 60.3 60.1 60.6 60.0 including NAS of Ukraine 49.2 49.0 48.8 48.5 48.7 Female doctoral students – total 50.6 52.4 52.0 52.6 52.1 including NAS of Ukraine 35.5 33 33.3 33.9 38.4 * According to department of scientific and managerial personnel of NAS of Ukraine.

194

Postgraduate students by source of funding: 2010-2014, headcount

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 2716 2669 2558 2349 2045 including: state budget 2456 2439 2383 2214 1949 private funds 241 217 168 128 93 other sources 19 13 7 7 3 Admission – total 839 836 773 636 581 including: state budget 782 782 744 611 563 private funds 54 53 29 24 17 other sources 3 1 − 1 – Graduates – total 748 703 688 689 647 including: state budget 677 647 638 641 618 private funds 66 49 46 48 27 other sources 5 7 4 - 2

Doctoral students, by source of funding: 2010-2014*

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 169 182 183 189 177 including: state budget 152 168 170 178 169 private funds 14 12 9 9 6 other sources 3 2 4 2 2

195

continued 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Admission – total 61 63 64 66 59 including: state budget 56 61 60 66 59 private funds 5 2 4 6 – other sources − – – – – Graduates – total 57 46 63 56 56 including: state budget 49 44 56 50 53 private funds 5 2 5 4 1 other sources 3 − 2 2 2 * Data from the department of research and administrative personnel of NAS of Ukraine.

Postgraduate students by source of funding, %

2010 2014

8.9 0.7 4.5 0.2

State budget

Private funds

Other sources 90.4 95.3

196

Doctoral students by source of funding, %

2010 2014

8.3 1.8 3.4 1.1

State budget

Private funds

Other sources 89.9 95.5

ІХ.7. Foreign trips of researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Trends in visiting researchers of NAS of Ukraine in foreign R&D institutions, headcount

5000

4000 3708 3660

3000 2919

2530 2047 2000

1000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

197

Visiting researchers of NAS of Ukraine for training or temporal work in foreign R&D institutions, headcount

800 733 700 593 600 531 495 500 450 377 370 396 400 315 256 279 300 216 239 238 179 200 136 94 90 101 86 100 62 0 2000 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Candidates of sciences Doctors of sciences

Researchers of NAS of Ukraine emigrated for permanent residence

30 28 25 25 21 20 16 15

10 6 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Doctors of sciences Candidates of sciences Total

198

ІХ.8. Funding of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from state budget

Total funding, million UAH Special fund, Year including: Total % General fund Special fund

2000 274.9 175.7 99.2 36 2005 1241.1 963.4 277.7 22 2010 2536.3 2095.1 441.2 17 2011 2805.8 2180.9 624.9 22 2012 3269.3 2513.0 756.3 23 2013 3322.5 2661.7 660.8 20 2014 3054.5 2482.7 571.9 19

Share in funding of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in GDP

0.3 0.281

0.25 0.234 0.232 0.227 0.213 0.195 0.2

0.162 0.218

0.15 0.194

0.182

0.178

0.166 0.158

0.1

0.063

0.058

0.054

0.047

0.103

0.045 0.038 0.05 0.036

0 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 General fund Special fund Total

199

Percentage distribution of funding by source

2010 2014

18.7 20.8 Budget

Special fund

17.7 18.7 Program and 61.5 62.6 competitive financing

Main sources of special fund revenues: 2012 and 2014

2012 2014

Million Million % % UAH UAH Total 756.3 100.0 571.9 100.0 including: services provided by budgetary institutions 353.1 46.7 240.6 42.1 commercial and industrial activities 43.6 5.8 30.7 5.4 leases of assets 152.0 20.1 139.6 24.3 charitable contributions, grants and gifts 199.2 26.3 148.4 26.0 sales of assets 1.4 0.2 1.0 0.2 specific orders 6.0 0.8 11.5 2.0 other sources 1.0 0.1 0.1 …

200

Funding of NAS of Ukraine from state budget by department: 2014

Total volume of funding

General fund Special fund Total, million total, total, UAH million % of total million % of total UAH UAH

Total 3054.5 2482.7 81 571.8 19 including by departments: Mathematics 45.0 43.0 95 2.0 5 Informatics 134.2 115.2 86 1908 14 Mechanics 119.7 97.5 81 22.2 19 Physics and Astronomy 338.82 297.6 88 41.2 12 Geosciences 145.6 134.7 92 10.9 8 Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 411.2 316.6 77 94.6 23 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering 202.9 170.7 84 32.2 16 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 427.4 236.7 55 190.7 45 Chemistry 201.5 171.2 85 30.2 15 Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology 179.8. 149.1 83 30.7 17 General Biology 224.4 174.5 78 49.9 22 Economics 96.8 86.7 90 10.1 10 History, Philosophy and Law 214.3 200.8 94 13.5 6 Literature, Language and Art Criticism 55.0 52.8 96 2.2 4 Institutions at Presidium of NAS of Ukraine 208.9 188.2 90 20.7 10 Other institutions 48.8 47.3 97 1.5 3

201

Percentage distribution of base budget funding by departments of NAS of Ukraine: 2014

11.4 Mathematics, Mechanics, Informatics 15.4 Physics and Astronomy 12.0 Geosciences 14.2 Material Sciences

5.8 Energetics Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering

7.3 Chemistry 14.0 Biological Sciences 11.9 8.0 Social and Humanitarian Sciences

Percentage distribution of special funding by departments of NAS of Ukraine: 2014

4.7 7.9 Mathematics, Mechanics, Informatics 7.5 14.6 Physics and Astronomy 2.0 Geosciences

5.5 Material Sciences Energetics 17.2 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering

Chemistry

5.9 Biological Sciences 34.7 Social and Humanitarian Sciences

202

ІХ.9. Publishing in National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

including: Brochures, Textbooks, recommen- handbooks, Total dations, Monographs popular Articles Preprints methodo- scientific logical literature guidelines 2000 16290 398 260 214 15347 71 2005 25400 511 389 315 23810 375 2010 27231 654 379 267 25886 45 2011 26616 554 439 228 25345 50 2012 26586 571 476 169 25352 18 2013 28465 576 398 206 27258 27 2014 24441 488 354 167 23417 15

Output of printed matter

30000 27258 28000 25886 25345 25352 26000 23810 23417 24000 22000 20000 18000 15347 16000 14000 12000 10000 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Articles

203

800

700 654 571 576 600 554 511 476 488 500 439 398 389 379 398 400 354

300 260 315 200 267 214 228 206 100 169 167

0 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Monographs Textbooks, handbooks, popular scientific literature Brochures, recommendations, methodological guidelines

Output of printed matter per 1,000 researchers

2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Articles 1220 1450 1303 1300 1311 1413 1276 Monographs 32 31 33 28 30 30 27 Textbooks 21 24 19 22 25 21 19 Brochures, Recommendations, Methodological guidelines 17 19 13 12 9 11 9

204

1500 1450 1450 1413 1400

1350 1303 1300 1311 1300 1276

1250 1220

1200

1150 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Articles

35 32 33 31 30 30 30 28 27 24 25 25 21 22 21 19 19 20 19 15 17

10 13 12 11 9 9 5

0 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Monographs Textbooks, handbooks, popular scientific literature Brochures, recommendations, methodological guidelines

205

Output of printed matter by department: 2014 Brochures, Textbooks, recommen- handbooks, Mono- dations, popular Articles Preprints graphs methodo- scientific logical literature guidelines Total 488 354 167 23417 15 including by departments: Mathematics 16 14 2 705 8 Informatics 31 26 16 818 1 Mechanics 18 4 5 864 0 Physics and Astronomy 34 16 11 2408 0 Geosciences 22 7 10 913 0 Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 23 8 3 2259 1 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering 26 10 27 1069 – Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 18 3 1 1298 4 Chemistry 17 7 4 1405 – Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology 7 3 14 1120 – General Biology 35 27 33 1694 – Economics 90 12 12 1663 1 History, Philosophy and Law 96 118 15 5132 – Literature, Language and Art Criticism 36 66 5 1493 – Institutions of NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine 3 1 – 19 – Institutions at Presidium of NAS of Ukraine 16 32 9 566 –

206

Percentage distribution of output of monographs by departments

Mathematics, Mechanics, Informatics

Physics and Astronomy 13.9 20.5 Geosciences

7.2 Material Sciences

Energetics 4.7 7.7 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering

4.9 Chemistry

Biological Sciences 5.6 19.1 Economics 3.8 3.6 Literature, Language and Art Criticism 9.0 History, Philosophy and Law

Percentage distribution of output of articles by departments

Mathematics, Mechanics, Informatics

10.5 Physics and Astronomy 22.5 Geosciences 10.5 Material Sciences

Energetics 4.0 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 6.5 Chemistry 9.9 Biological Sciences 7.2 4.7 Economics

12.3 5.7 Literature, Language and Art Criticism 6.2 History, Philosophy and Law

207

Output of printed matter in NAS of Ukraine: 2009-2014

Books Of them monographs Articles

Volume including Year including (account. ones Titles Titles Total in foreign publ. published journals pages) abroad

2009 901 17888.7 671 45 25963 4495 2010 871 17769.4 654 55 25886 5048 2011 786 15197.0 554 67 25345 5495 2012 785 16574.0 571 74 25352 5405 2013 776 14644.9 576 90 27258 5949 2014 630 10530.1 488 74 23417 6392

Publishing in Research and Production Enterprise “Publishing House ‘Naukova Dumka’” of NAS of Ukraine: 2009-2014

Volume, Circulation, Title of Year Title of books account. publ. thousand copies monographs* pages 2009 37 957.0 5.6 13 2010 68 1717.3 38.3 54 2011 51 1484.2 46.3 32 2012 59 1648.0 47.6 40 2013 54 1401.1 34.7 39 2014 75 1502.4 33.1 59 * published by state order.

208

ІХ.10. Applications for invention and obtained patents and certificates for inventions in the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine

Obtained patents and Applications for inventions certificates for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 800 792 813 794 713 723 815 702 872 774 including by departments: Mathematics 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 4 4 – Informatics 62 39 57 60 32 58 38 34 55 46 Mechanics 76 80 68 89 73 66 79 66 80 74 Physics and Astronomy 64 72 82 85 96 68 81 69 96 96 Geosciences 22 32 50 43 36 29 45 33 54 43 Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 241 220 256 189 182 201 231 174 262 204 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering 75 73 57 59 64 62 77 70 71 46 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 17 14 9 17 13 13 15 11 14 17 Chemistry 154 166 140 157 130 137 144 159 141 150 Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology 56 61 60 61 51 63 61 58 58 67 General Biology 32 41 32 16 18 23 43 24 30 20

209

ІХ.11. Applications for inventions and obtained patents and certificates for inventions in foreign patent offices

Obtained patents and Applications for inventions certificates for inventions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 10 16 14 14 11 19 4 11 13 9 including by departments: Mathematics – – – – – – – – – – Informatics 3 – – 1 6 – – 2 – Mechanics – – – 2 2 – – – – 1 Physics and Astronomy 2 5 1 3 – – – 3 1 – Geosciences 2 – – – – 2 1 – 2 – Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 2 4 3 2 8 9 3 1 2 7 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering – – – – – – – – – – Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering – 2 3 6 – – – – – 1 Chemistry 1 2 5 – – 2 – 1 2 – Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology – 3 2 1 – – – 5 1 – General Biology – – – – – – – 1 3 –

210

ІХ.12. Creating and using of intellectual property objects, implementing R&D

Creating objects of intellectual property

1000 872 900 810 808 835 774 800 725 819 794 700 742 722 713 600 546 596 500 523 400 300 200 100 0 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Filed applications for patents Obtained patents

Implementing R&D

2200 1992 2000 1874

1800 1675 1676 1650 1614 1600

1400 1166 1200

1000 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

211

ІХ.13. Commercial agreements and contracts

Trends in commercial agreements and contracts

5000 4856 4526 4500

3878 4000 3792 3613 3500

3000 2719 2401 2500

2000 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Trends in commercial agreements and contracts per 1,000 researchers

350 296 300

228 250 216 201 194 190 200

150 131

100

0 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

212

Trends in funding R&D by commercial agreements and contracts, million UAH

400 352 350 322 312 300 251 239 250

200 178

150 105 93 91 88 100 61 49 60 50 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Including with Foreign customers

ІХ.14. Foreign economic activities of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine*

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Contracts with foreign companies 314 295 364 335 316 195 Funding of contracts with foreign customers, million UAH 84.0 91.3 88.2 105.0 59.7 61.2 Implemented developments 2119 1675 1650 1676 1614 1166 * Institutions of NAS of Ukraine cooperated with customers from 50 countries in 2009–2014.

213

ІХ.15. Commercial agreements and contracts with domestic and foreign customers in 2014

Commercial Funding, agreements and thousands UAH contracts Imple- inclu- inclu- % in total mented funding develop- ding ding ments with with Total Total foreign foreign custo- custo- mers mers Total 2401 195 239432.2 61190.6 8.0 1166 including by departments: Mathematics 18 – 856.6 – 1.9 1 Informatics 49 7 14596.6 2476.4 10.9 25 Mechanics 157 9 11110.3 2018.2 9.3 106 Physics and Astronomy 70 13 12047.1 4984.5 3.6 25 Geosciences 88 1 4844.1 43.9 3.3 61 Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science 696 104 59540.4 23700.6 14.5 264 Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering 163 3 20238.5 1102.0 10.0 84 Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering 179 40 53017.6 20959.4 12.4 7 Chemistry 169 12 14427.5 3822.1 7.2 18 Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology 153 3 9465.5 1533.3 5.3 132 General Biology 383 – 22137.1 – 9.9 246 Economics 34 3 2991.3 550.2 3.1 14 History, Philosophy and Law 78 – 5363.6 – 2.5 28 Literature, Language and Art Criticism 5 – 645.6 – 1.2 – Other institutions 166 – 8150.4 – 3.9 155

214

ІХ.16. Researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine awarded by state prizes of Ukraine: 2000-2014

2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

State Prizes of Ukraine in field of Science and Technology 42 57 41 61 63 43 42 43 56 28 72 T.H. Shevchenko State Prize of Ukraine in field of Literature, Journalism and Arts – 1 1 – – – – – – – –

ІХ.17. Researchers of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine awarded by state awards of Ukraine: 2000-2014

2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Title of the Hero of Ukraine

1 4 1 4 2 3 1 1 − − − The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 2 6 6 6 21 13 3 5 9 8 5 Other state awards 13 17 21 31 90 41 12 25 26 – – The Honored Scientist of Ukraine 13 11 10 24 40 22 3 10 11 21 2

215

ІХ.18. Institutions of NAS of Ukraine – holders of scientific objects of national heritage

Title of institution Name of scientific object Year status

G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Diffractometric complex of new 2001 Metal Physics generation Main Astronomical Observatory Laser satellite rangefinders 2001 "Kyiv-Golosiiv" of scientific object: Satellite Laser rangefinders "Kyiv-Golosiiv" and "Katsively-1893 B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Complex for Physical Research at 2001 Temperature Physics and very low temperatures Engineering Institute of Radio Astronomy Radio telescope UTR-2 with a 2001 system of interferometers Uranus -1and Uranus-4 of research facility Radio telescope UTR-2 with a system of interferometers Uranus Poltava Gravimetric Observatory Interferometer Uranus -2 of 2001 within S.I. Subbotin Institute of research facility Radio telescope Geophysics UTR-2 with a system of interferometers Uranus H.V. Karpenko Physico- Interferometer Uranus -3 of 2001 Mechanical Institute research facility Radio telescope UTR-2 with a system of interferometers Uranus National Science Center “Kharkiv Nuclear-Physical Installation" 2001 Institute of Physics and Technology” Institute for Nuclear Research Nuclear-Physical Installation: 2001 Research Nuclear Reactor with "hot cells", Isochronous Cyclotron "U-240 O.O. Bohomolets Institute of Bank of cell lines 2001 Physiology

216

continued

Title of institution Name of scientific object Year status

D.K. Zabolotny Institute of The collection of microorganisms 2001 Microbiology and Virology R.E. Kavetsky Institute of The cell bank of lines from 2001 Experimental Pathology, human tissue and animals Oncology and Radiobiology M.G. Kholodny Institute of National Herbarium of Ukraine 2001 Botany (collection of plants) and the culture collection of mushrooms I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Scientific zoological stock 2001 Zoology collections M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Collection of tropical and 2001 Garden subtropical plants Donetsk Botanical Garden Exhibition "Steppes of Ukraine" 2001 State Museum of Natural History Scientific collections and 2001 (Lviv) exhibition National Museum of Natural Scientific collections and 2001 History (Kyiv) exhibition Institute of Archaeology Collection "Treasures of Ancient 2001 History of Ukraine" V.I. Vernadsky National Library Fund of manuscripts, early 2001 of Ukraine printed books, rare books, historical collections, archive funds of Ukraine and Depository V. Stefanyk Lviv National Collection Ucrainica and 2001 Academic Library collections of old books and manuscripts Institute of Electron Physics Microtron M-30 2002 Institute for Problems of Low temperature bank of 2002 Cryobiology and Cryomedicine biological objects Institute of Plant Physiology and Collection of samples of winter 2002 Genetics wheat and maize - variety, population, unique mutant and recombinant lines, inbred lines Institute of Cell Biology and Collection of plant germplasm 2002 Genetic Engineering flora Ukraine and world flora

217

continued

Title of institution Name of scientific object Year status

State arboretum "Alexandria" The genetic fund of trees, shrubs, 2002 herbaceous and flowering plants National historical-archeological Complex of historical monuments 2002 reserve "Olbia" Institute of Magnetism under Magnetodynamic complex 2004 NAS and MES of Ukraine Kriviy Rig Botanical Garden Collections of introduced trees 2004 and shrubs National Arboretum "Sofiivka" Collection of exotic species of 2004 trees and shrubs State Arboretum "Trostianets" Collection of exotic species of 2004 woody plants Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve Geological landscape and 2004 biological diversity of biota "Stone graves" T.H. Shevchenko Institute of Archive of Manuscript funds 2004 Literature M.T. Rylsky Institute for Art Archival scientific funds of 2004 Studies, Folklore and Ethnology manuscripts and phonorecordings Institute of Ethnology Scientific stock collection and 2004 exhibition of the Museum of Ethnography and Art Crafts Ukrainian Lingua-Information National dictionary base 2004 Fund G.S. Pisarenko Institute for The complex test benches to 2006 Problems of Strength study the strength of materials and structural elements under extreme conditions of temperature and force load O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Cryo-magnetic radio- 2006 Physics and Electronics spectroscopic complex of millimeter diapason of wavelengths

218

continued

Title of institution Name of scientific object Year status

Scientific Engineering Centre Experimental testing ground for 2006 "Materialoobrobka explosion" the material processing by Paton Electric Welding explosion, destruction of ammunition and missiles A.M. Pidhorny Institute for Hydrodynamic stands 2006 Mechanical Engineering Problems M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Collection of flowers and 2006 Garden ornamentals and monocultural gardens Donetsk Botanical Garden Exhibition and collection of 2006 tropical and subtropical plants Lugansk Nature Reserve Vegetable-animal complex and 2006 etalon black soil International Centre for Astronomical complex on the 2007 Astronomical, Medical and basis of the two meters alpine Environmental Research mirror telescope of high mountain observatory "Terskol" Institute of Hydromechanics Experimental complex for 2008 hydrodynamic studies Odessa Archaeological Museum Scientific collections on the 2008 history of ancient cultures and civilizations State Institution "Institute of Food Collection of microorganism 2009 Biotechnology and Genomics of strains and lines of plants for food the National Academy of and Agrarian biotechnology Sciences of Ukraine" Institute of Technical Mechanics The plazma-electrodynamic stand 2013 under NAS and National Space Agency of Ukraine V.Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Center for testing of 2013 Semiconductor Physic photoconverters and photoelectric panels

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continued

Title of institution Name of scientific object Year status

Institute of Radio Astronomy Complex electromagnetic sensing 2013 of the environment M.G. Kholodny Institute of Collection of culture of algae 2013 Botany Ukraine (Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine - algological) Black Sea Biosphere Reserve Natural complex of the arena 2013 plots and associated coast O.V. Palladin Institute of Collection of recombinant human 2015 Biochemistry antibodies and hybridom- producers of monoclonal antibodies Institute of Plant Physiology and Collection strains of symbiotic 2015 Genetics and associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Collection fund of energetic and 2015 Garden aromatic plants

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METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

MAIN INDICATORS OF STATE STATISTICS6

Types of Research and Development

Basic research is understood as experimental or theoretical studies aimed at acquisition of new knowledge on regularities of nature, society, human being, and their relationship. Its output is embodied in hypotheses, theories, and methods. Results of basic research may be expressed in the form of recommendations for practical application of obtained scientific knowledge, scientific publications, etc. Applied research is considered as original investigation aimed at acquisition of new knowledge with the purpose of solving particular practical problems. Applied research determines possible ways to use basic research output and new methods of achieving previously formulated problems. Development are understood as systematic works drawing on existing knowledge gained from scientific research and / or practical experience and is aimed at creating new materials, products, devices, processes, services, systems or methods. This work can also imply a significant improvement of existing objects. Such work comprises design and engineering works, technological works, the creation of pilot prototypes (consignment) of the ware (product), and projecting works for. Scientific and technical services mean an activity in the field of scientific and technical information, patent and

6Source: Scientific and Innovation activities in Ukraine: Statistical Collection / State Statistics Service in Ukraine. – K., 2015. – P. 247-255. 221 licensing activities, standardization, metrology and quality control, scientific and technical consulting and related services to promote technological development, other activities; to promote acquiring, dissemination and utilization of scientific knowledge.

Sectors of performance Government sector includes R&D institutions subordinated to government ministries and agencies responsible for state administration and ensuring social needs in general (public administration, defense, public order, public health, culture, education, social security, etc.), as well as to local executive bodies. These organizations primarily serve government and are not for profit as well as non-profit institutions completely or mainly financed and controlled by the government. Government sector includes national academies of sciences. Business enterprise sector includes organizations and enterprises whose main activity is related to the production of goods and services for profit. These are the sectoral research institutes, design organizations, design and research organizations, industry enterprises, research facilities and others. Higher education sector includes all universities and other higher education institutions irrespective of funding sources and legal status, as well as research institutes (centers), experimental stations, design organizations, clinics, and hospitals directly controlled by higher education institutions or associated with them. Higher education sector does not include institutions of the national academies of sciences, despite the fact the latter provide postgraduate and doctoral courses.

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Private non-profit sector consists of private organizations not aimed at obtaining profit (voluntary associations, professional societies, professional units, philanthropic organizations, etc.) except for organizations of government sector and partly funded by the government.

Science Sectors Academic sector includes organizations subordinated to the national academies of sciences such as the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine, the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine and the National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine; Industry sector includes organizations of various economic branches that perform scientific and technical works; Higher education sector includes universities that have specialized units (scientific-research units and sectors, scientific - research laboratories, etc.), as well as carrying out scientific and technical works at the teaching departments; Factory sector includes research and design-engineering departments in the industry

Employment in organization Number of employees of main activities is the total number of workers employed in the main or auxiliary activities, which are classified under code 72 NACE 2010. R&D personnel is a population of persons whose systematic creative activities are aimed at the advancement of scientific knowledge or search for new areas of its application, as well as direct services related to the performance of R&D.

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R&D personnel Researchers are professionals engaged in R&D and performing the creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, and systems, as well as in the management of these activities (including heads of scientific organizations and R&D departments). Researchers usually have higher education (university or equivalent) degrees. Technicians are employees which main function requires technical competencies and experiences in one or more fields of natural, engineering, social sciences and humanities; take part in R&D performing technical functions (operation and maintenance of scientific instruments, laboratory equipment, computer equipment, bibliographic search, preparing materials, drawings, conducting experiments, tests and analyses, and so on), as a rule, under the supervision of researchers. Supporting staff includes staff members performing supporting functions connecting with R&D: employees of planning and finance units, patent services, S&T information units, S&T libraries; workers engaged in assembling, adjustment, maintenance and repair of scientific equipment and instruments; workers of pilot (experimental) production units; laboratory assistance without higher or special secondary educations. Other auxiliary personnel include staff members engaged in services and in other general functions connected with the activities of an organization (employees of accounting departments, personnel departments, units for materials and technical supplies, secretarial and clerical stuff, etc.) as well as workers mainly providing scientific and technical services to the public or other activities not related to research and development.

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The category of "professional" includes "researchers" and "technicians" (together). R&D performers include categories of "researchers", "technicians" and "supporting staff".

Funding Total volume of scientific and technical works is determined as the net value (without value added tax) of projects performed during the reference year by own resources under direct contracts (excluding projects performed by subcontractors). Gross domestic expenditure on R&D is the actual cost of implementation of research and development (at cost) during the reference year regardless of the source of funds, including both current and capital expenditures (less amortization and depreciation of assets). The costs of works (services) that are not science & technology ones, as well as paid services are not included. Intramural current expenditure on R&D comprises intramural expenditure on implementation R&D by own resources regardless capital expenditure (less amortization and depreciation of assets). Funding means the repayment of internal costs to carry out R&D from all resources (budget, domestic and foreign customers, own funds, etc.).

Notes of the statistics Since 2006, organizations and enterprises performing only science and technology services do not render the report Since 2006, all teaching staff in higher education institutions is considered as specialists performing R&D part-time.

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Since 2012, the organizations and enterprises incorporated in industrial ministries and departments do not render the report. Information on doctors and candidates of science employed in Ukraine's economy is given as of October 1up to 2012 and of December 31 since 2012. Since 2014, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine presents data excluding organizations and enterprises located in areas out of the Ukrainian government control.

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Scientific edition

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Scientometric and statistical analysis of effectiveness of scientific potential

Editor in Chief Academician of NAS of Ukraine V.L. Bogdanov

Recommended for publication by the Scientific Council of the State Institution “G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of NAS of Ukraine”

Translation and original layout were prepared by State Institution “G.M. Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of NAS of Ukraine”

Формат 60х84/16, Ум. др. арк. 13,20. Наклад 100 прим. Зам. 16-207.

Видавець і виготовлювач «Видавництво «Фенікс» Віддруковано на власному обладнанні Св-во суб’єкта видавничої справи ДК №271 від 07.12.2000 р. 03067, м. Київ, вул. Шутова, 13Б