TRIUMF and Long Baseline Neutrino Projects
TRIUMF and Long Baseline Neutrino Projects
Mark Hartz TRIUMF International Peer Review, November 15, 2018
1 The T2K Experiment
• Long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment • Primary oscillation mode is muon (anti)neutrino to electron (anti)neutrinos • Operating since 2009 • The first experiment to directly observe one flavor of neutrino changing into another • Super-Kamiokande also makes atmospheric neutrino measurements and searches for nucleon decay
2 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Off-axis beam concept developed at TRIUMF in the 1990’s.
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Construction and operation of Optical Transition Radiation Monitor by TRIUMF, York U., U of Toronto
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Construction of horn/target remote maintenance hot cell by TRIUMF
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Construction and operation of Fine-Grained and Time Projection Chamber Near Detectors at TRIUMF, UBC, U. Victoria, Regina, U. Winnipeg
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Improved event reconstruction with fiTQun algorithm developed at TRIUMF and UBC
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
3 TRIUMF and Canadian Contributions to T2K
Invaluable role of TRIUMF Science Technology Department in the design, construction and operation of Canadian hardware contributions to T2K
3 Long Baseline Neutrino Group at TRIUMF
Akira Konaka (BAE) Mark Hartz (BAE) 2016 recipient of the CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Joint with Kavli IPMU. Moved to TRIUMF Medal for Contributions to Subatomic Physics in August 2018
Patrick de Perio (BAE) Thomas Lindner (P&S) Joined TRIUMF in September 2018 Expertise in DAQ, electronics and computing 4 Contributions to T2K Operation
• Regular intervention and maintenance by TRIUMF detector, data acquisition and electronics groups have kept the near detectors operating • In 2015, the helium cooling line for T2K’s target developed a leak • TRIUMF remote handling group member (C. Fisher, I. Earle) traveled to J-PARC to make the repair • Saved T2K from potential downtime of >1 year if repair was not possible
Watch on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWGXz5QHFH4
5 TRIUMF as Scientific Center • T2K analysis framework largely developed in Canada including TRIUMF • T2K Analysis Coordination: M. Hartz • T2K Oscillation Analysis Convener: M. Scott (TRIUMF 2013-2018, now lecturer at ICL)
Universities from around the world send postdocs and graduate students to TRIUMF
Take advantage of the physics analysis expertise and unique equipment
Photosensor Test Facility
6 Discovery of Electron Neutrino Appearance
In 2013, T2K showed the oscillation transition with more than 5σ evidence (Presented by TRIUMF postdoc M. Wilking at European Physical Society Meeting)
28 candidate events observed!
• The first direct observation of neutrinos changing from one flavor into another flavor • Nearly 500 citations for paper (early paper with weaker evidence has >1000 citations) 7 Breakthrough Prize in Physics
For its discovery of electron neutrino appearance, T2K was awarded the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics
For the fundamental discovery and exploration of neutrino oscillations, revealing a new frontier beyond, and possibly far beyond, the standard model of particle physics.
8 Neutrinos and Antineutrinos
• Neutrinos have antimatter partners, antineutrinos • Oscillation rates for neutrinos and antineutrinos can be different (CP violation)
Neutrinos Antineutrinos
Are these transitions equivalent?
• Why is the universe composed of matter with little antimatter? • Models of cosmic evolution require a new source of CP violation to explain our universe
9 T2K Neutrino and Antineutrino Results Most recent published result originally presented by M. Hartz at 2017 KEK Statistical update presented at Neutrino 2018 T2K is proposing continued operation through 2026
T2K Run1-9c Preliminary 18
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12 2 sin θ23 = 0.50, 0.45, 0.55 2 -3 2 4 ∆m32 = 2.44×10 eV /c 2 -3 2 4 10 ∆m13 = 2.41×10 eV /c δCP = π δ = +π/2 8 CP δCP = 0 δCP = -π/2 syst err 6 stat + syst err Data Antineutrino mode 1Re candidates 4 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Neutrino mode 1Re candidates
10 T2K Neutrino and Antineutrino Results Most recent published result originally presented by M. Hartz at 2017 KEK Statistical update presented at Neutrino 2018 T2K is proposing continued operation through 2026
T2K Run1-9c Preliminary 18
16 CP conservation hypothesis
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12 2 sin θ23 = 0.50, 0.45, 0.55 2 -3 2 4 ∆m32 = 2.44×10 eV /c 2 -3 2 4 10 ∆m13 = 2.41×10 eV /c δCP = π δ = +π/2 8 CP δCP = 0 δCP = -π/2 syst err 6 stat + syst err Data Antineutrino mode 1Re candidates 4 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Neutrino mode 1Re candidates
10 T2K Neutrino and Antineutrino Results Most recent published result originally presented by M. Hartz at 2017 KEK Statistical update presented at Neutrino 2018 T2K is proposing continued operation through 2026
T2K Run1-9c Preliminary 18
16 CP conservation hypothesis
14 CP violating hypothesis
12 2 sin θ23 = 0.50, 0.45, 0.55 2 -3 2 4 ∆m32 = 2.44×10 eV /c 2 -3 2 4 10 ∆m13 = 2.41×10 eV /c δCP = π δ = +π/2 8 CP δCP = 0 δCP = -π/2 syst err 6 stat + syst err Data Antineutrino mode 1Re candidates 4 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Neutrino mode 1Re candidates
10 T2K Neutrino and Antineutrino Results Most recent published result originally presented by M. Hartz at 2017 KEK Statistical update presented at Neutrino 2018 T2K is proposing continued operation through 2026
T2K Run1-9c Preliminary 18
16 CP conservation hypothesis
14 CP violating hypothesis
12 2 sin θ23 = 0.50, 0.45, 0.55 2 -3 2 4 ∆m32 = 2.44×10 eV /c 2 -3 2 4 Data gives 2σ indication that 10 ∆m13 = 2.41×10 eV /c δ = π CP neutrinos and antineutrinos δ = +π/2 8 CP δCP = 0 oscillate differently δCP = -π/2 syst err 6 stat + syst err Data Antineutrino mode 1Re candidates 4 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Neutrino mode 1Re candidates
10 The Future • Long baseline community shifting focus to the next generation of experiments • Precision measurement of CP violation • Precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters
Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment
8x larger detector mass than Super-K 2.5x higher beam intensity than T2K Collect data 20x faster than T2K Broad physics program: nucleon decay, supernova neutrino detection, dark matter searches, solar neutrino measurements… Start of construction in 2020 announced by University of Tokyo
Control of systematic errors is critical!
11 The Future • Long baseline community shifting focus to the next generation of experiments • Precision measurement of CP violation • Precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters Hyper-K Canada group is formed Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment
8x larger detector mass than Super-K 2.5x higher beam intensity than T2K Collect data 20x faster than T2K Broad physics program: nucleon decay, supernova neutrino detection, dark matter searches, solar neutrino measurements… Start of construction in 2020 announced by University of Tokyo
Control of systematic errors is critical!
11 The NuPRISM Detector • Concept developed at TRIUMF • Neutrino beam energy varies at different angles
ν Beam 10 m 4˚
2.5˚ • Adopted in baseline near detector design for Hyper-K • DUNE experiment considering concept • Co-spokespeople: • M. Hartz (TRIUMF) • M. Wilking (Stony Brook, former TRIUMF 1˚ postdoc) 12 multi-PMT Photosensor Development for NuPRISM
• The NuPRISM detector requires a high resolution photon detector • TRIUMF is leading the development of a new multi-PMT photodetector Pressure prototype
Optical prototype
19 fast 3-inch diameter PMTs integrated in a single module with readout electronics
Developed with support of TRIUMF Science Technology Department 13 DUNE Work in Canada • DUNE: long baseline neutrino experiment in the US, complementary to Hyper-K
• Preliminary Canadian involvement in DUNE experiment (York U., U. of Toronto, U. of Regina and Laurentian U.) • Request to leverage TRIUMF expertise: • Neutrino Beamline Component Fabrication: support modules needed for remote handling • Proton Source Components: RF deflecting mode superconducting resonator of 7MV and Cryomodule 14 Summary
• TRIUMF has played critical role in success of the T2K experiment in both operations and data analysis
• T2K has produced high profile measurements of neutrino oscillations
• Focus is shifting to future experiments such as Hyper-K where definitive searches for CP violation and precision measurements will be made
• Control of systematic uncertainties is the key
• TRIUMF has led the development of the NuPRISM detector concept and high resolution multi-PMT photosensors
• TRIUMF expertise will be leveraged to make high profile contributions and realize the success of next generation long baseline experiments
15 Thank you
16 Neutrino Oscillations
Neutrinos are produced and interact as a specific flavor (νe, νµ, ντ)
As they propagate, the flavor states mix
Neutrino can interact as different flavor than what was produced
Physical process is called neutrino oscillation
2015 Nobel prize awarded to Takaaki Kajita (Super-Kamiokande) and Art McDonald (SNO) for the discovery of oscillations
17 Why are Neutrinos Interesting?
Why are there three generations of Models to explain the very fermions? small neutrino masses require Is there a fundamental theory that sets the new particles values of masses and mixing between fermions?
18 EMPHATIC Experiment
• Table-top experiment to measure hadron production for neutrino flux calculations • Provide measurements for Hyper-K, DUNE and atmospheric neutrino measurements • At Fermilab test beam facility and in collaboration with Fermilab
• Canada will build the Aerogel Ring Imaging CHerenkov (ARICH) Detector for particle identification • Analysis of pilot data collected in 2018 is underway at TRIUMF
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