Around the Laboratories

The first 10-metre twin-aperture prototype dipole for CERN's LHC proton collider was recently delivered to CERN for testing.

announced the Federal Govern­ ment's decision not to support further the KAON accelerator project for the TRIUMF Laboratory in Vancouver. KAON was intended as a five-ring particle 'factory' using KAON's existing 500 MeV cyclotron as injector, producing a variety of beams a hundred times more intense than currently available sources. The mood had been optimistic in the late 1980s when development money came through both from the regional British Columbia administration and from Ottawa. The previous Federal Government had made a commitment to contrib­ ute a third of KAON's construction and operating costs, equivalent to $608 million over ten years, provided sufficient support came through from single collaboration. In response, a tivity (LASA) which worked mainly overseas. Another third of the con­ consortium of more than 36 institu­ with Italian companies. The technical struction cost had been offered by tions from six countries prepared a follow-up is being carried out by a British Columbia. Although contribu­ Letter of Intent for the March meeting CERN-INFN team. tions had been lined up from France, of the TRISTAN Program Advisory The active part and cold mass of Germany and Italy (Canada had Committee. Both the laboratory and the magnet were manufactured by been one of the first to contribute to the collaboration welcome experi­ Ansaldo (Genoa); the cryostat was the German HERA electron-proton mentalists to join this effort. produced by Zanon (Schio). collider at DESY, Hamburg), the US A significant contribution was also and Japan remained aloof. made by LMI-Europa Metalli With the federal government preoc­ (Florence) in developing high current cupied with cutting the budget deficit, density superconducting cables with KAON was an obvious target. CERN the requisite fine filaments. However this does not spell the end First LHC prototype The second INFN-CERN prototype for TRIUMF. Far from it. 'We will be is not far behind. Five more 10- asking TRIUMF management to dipole metre-long prototypes from other develop options for its future role that collaborations are scheduled for will enable it to continue being a focal The first 10-metre twin-aperture delivery later this year. point for Canada's research in prototype dipole for CERN's LHC particle physics, and act as Canada's proton collider was delivered on 1 gateway to leading foreign facilities', February for testing. It is the first of said Minister Manley. Ottawa support two prototypes supplied by the Italian for TRIUMF in the 1994-5 financial INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica CANADA year is being boosted by $4 million to Nucleare) in the framework of a $33.25 million, offsetting recent cuts. collaboration with CERN on applied TRIUMF support Managed as a joint venture by a superconductivity. consortium of Canadian universities, The project is being managed by Citing insufficient levels of foreign TRIUMF is mainly funded through the the Milan Section of INFN at its contributions, on 22 February Cana­ Canadian National Research Laboratory for Applied Superconduc­ dian Industry Minister John Manley Council.

22 CERN Courier, April 1994 Around the Laboratories

About 30 Canadian physicists had tions (in the case of stochastic ions aroused considerable interest been involved in the SDC detector cooling). since all were agreed that the density collaboration for the ill-fated US Organized by CERN's Antiproton limit had been reached and that a Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) Rings Group, a workshop on beam wide-band damper (100 to 500 MHz) project. Some 25 Canadians were on cooling and related techniques held was needed. Another very interesting the SSC foreign visitor roll when the late last year in Montreux, Switzer­ conclusion was that the cooling project was cancelled last October. land, attracted a useful audience. speed of heavy ions by electrons It was the continuation of a series of depends on whether the beam is cold earlier meetings - Karlsruhe 1984, or diffused. Wertheim 1988, Legnaro and Tokyo Several ideas were aired on the 1990 - mostly given over to electron cooling of muons to increase density. WORKSHOP cooling. These proposals are still being To begin the meeting, the principles examined but given the limited Beam cooling of the various techniques, their lifetime of muons and the associated achieved performances and pros­ technical difficulties, they seem, Cooling - the control of unruly parti­ pects were the subjects of a relatively for the time being, difficult to realise. cles to provide well-behaved beams - formal series of presentations. Some laboratories use laser cooling has become a major new tool in This was followed by a presentation but, despite their many advantages, accelerator physics. The main on a proposal for Maser Cyclotron such devices have two important approaches of electron cooling (CMC) cooling. In the ensuing dis­ drawbacks: cooling only certain types pioneered by Gersh Budker at cussion it emerged that the scheme of ion, depending on the characteris­ Novosibirsk and stochastic cooling by required further work and analysis tics of the laser used; and cooling Simon van der Meer at CERN, are since the results achieved to date do only in the longitudinal plane. now complemented by additional not provide conclusive evidence for To offset these shortcomings, ideas, such as laser cooling of ions its feasibility. a complementary transverse cooling and ionization cooling of muons. Attention in the stochastic cooling system can be added (e.g. an elec­ In these techniques, the idea is to presentations focused on beams, tron cooling system) to improve expose the disordered beams to a bunches and on the usefulness of performance. controlling influence which absorbs devices with bandwiths covering Considerable interest was shown in (in the case of electron cooling) the much higher frequencies. prospects for applying cooling tech­ disorder, or applies suitable correc­ A device for the electron cooling of niques for 'crystallizing' very cold beams. A prototype strong-focusing machine and a mathematical model was presented. The beam crystals are not always aligned but some­ times arranged in zig-zags. Applica­ tions of these devices for heavy ion accelerators and for crystallization were also examined.

At the ICFA meeting at the TRIUMF Labora­ tory, Vancouver, on 16 January - ICFA Chairman John Peoples (right) with Secretary Roy Rubinstein (Photo M. Pavan, TRIUMF)

CERN Courier, April 1994 23