DOCSLIB.ORG

Air Pollution in Myanmar Rural Ecosystem: the Issue Being Neglected So

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

4th Atmospheric Composition and the Asian Monsoon (ACAM) workshop 26-28 June 2019, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Air pollution in rural ecosystem in Myanmar: The issue being neglected so far Ohnmar May Tin Hlaing, Thiha Htut, Ye Naung Tun 1Environmental Quality Management Co., Ltd, Yangon, Myanmar *[email protected] No.233, Block 23, Sayeepin Lane, Thuwunna, Yangon, Myanmar, 11072 Introduction • Myanmar - the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia with a total land area of 677,000 sq.km. • The latest estimations of population - about 54 million in 2018 • About 65 million by 2050 with annual increase of 0.71%. Introduction (contd.) • Out of this population, one-third lives in urban areas, while the remaining in rural areas - depending on subsistence farming (UNDP, 2019). Introduction (contd.) § In Myanmar, the developing country, rural air quality becomes a challenge since several rural areas have exceeded the national air quality guideline for one or more air pollutants. 8/13/19 Introduction (contd.) § Rural ecosystem where a large percentage (70%) of the population depends on is being affected by air pollution in a number of ways. 8/13/19 Introduction (contd.) § Currently, policy decision and actions on air quality mainly consider on mobile emissions resulting in urban air pollution. 8/13/19 Objective § To raise understanding of policy makers, administrative personnel, developers and local community on the potential sources of the exceeding air quality guideline in Myanmar 8/13/19 Introduction (contd.) - Environmental Conservation Law, 2012 - Environmental Conservation Rule, 2014 - Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures , 2015 - EIA – Development projects in remote /rural areas - Environmental Baseline Studies – ( Air, Water, Soil etc.) in Rural areas – The existing baseline air quality status 8/13/19 Environmental Baseline Data §The five years data (2013-2018) provides the insight of rural air status and the notable findings 8/13/19 Ambient Air Monitoring in Rural Areas § The perimeter air monitoring station has been 24hr continuously monitoring on particulates and gases in the rural areas across states and regions of the country in which the development projects will be operated. § These surveys were cross sectional studies being conducted as the scope of works for the Environmental Impact Assessment. 8/13/19 HAZ-SCANNER EPAS Wireless Environmental Perimeter Air Monitoring Station (EPAS) Sr Parameters Sensors Detection limit 1 TSPM, PM10, PM2.5 90 degree Infra Red 0 to 5000 µg/m3 Light Scattering Calibration: Gravimetric reference NIST Traceable - SAE fine dust- ISO12103-1, Accuracy (± 10% to filter gravimetric SAE fine test dust which falls under the ACGIH/ ISO/CEN criteria. S Param Sensors Detection limit Sr Parameters Sensors Detection limit r eters 1 Temperature, NTC (-20 to 60 C)/ (-4⁰ to 140⁰F 1 NO2 Electrochemical (0-5000) ppb Detection limit - )/ (-20 C - 60 C) 2 SO2 Electrochemical (0-5000) ppb ⁰ ⁰ 2 Relative CAP (0-100)% 3 CO Electrochemical (0 -10,000) ppb Humidity 4 NH3 Electrochemical (0 -100) ppm 3 Wind Speed 3-cup (0 – 125 mph) 5 H2S Electrochemical (0 -25) ppm (sensor:), anemometer a 6 VOC Photoionization 0 to 50,000 ppb Detection limit - 7 CO2 NDIR 0 to 5000 ppm 4 Wind Direction Continuous 5. – 355)degrees 8 Metha NDIR 0 to 1% Vol,0 to 10,000 ppm,0 rotation to 20% LEL potentiometric ne wind 9 O3 Metal oxide (0 -150) ppb direction vane semiconductor 1 Atomic/Nuclear Geiger counter Geiger counter 8/13/19 (MOS), Radiation Major findings § PM10, PM 2.5 and SO2 levels were higher than/did not meet national air quality guideline while three transportation-related pollutants including Carbon monoxide, Ozone and NO2 were below/meet the guideline. 8/13/19 Mon State, Southern part of Myanmar 8/13/19 Major findings (contd.) Mon State 300 250 212 ) 200 3 g/m µ ( 150 123 100 100 50 50 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG TSPM NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters Alat Chaung Village (Suburban Area) 8/13/19 Middle part of Myanmar 8/13/19 Major findings (contd.) Mandalay region Mandalay Region 350 282 300 ) 3 250 g/m µ ( 200 150 91 100 100 50 50 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG TSPM NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Mandalay region (Suburban Area) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Major findings (contd.) Magwe Region Magwe Region (2013) 350 266 300 ) 3 250 g/m µ ( 200 150 100 100 52 50 50 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG TSPM NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters Magwe region (Suburban Area) 8/13/19 Magwe Region (2015) 80 70 59 ) 3 60 g/m 41 50 µ ( 50 40 30 25 20 20 14 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Magwe region (Suburban area) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Magwe Region (2016)) 160 140 124 ) 3 120 g/m µ ( 100 80 60 45 50 29 40 25 20 20 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Magwe region (Suburban Area) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Magwe Region Average Concentration (µg/m3) 100 120 140 160 20 40 60 80 0 68 PM 10 Magwe 50 NEAQG Region, Lower 54 Air PM 2.5 (ug/m3) Parameters 25 NEAQG SO2 57 (ug/m3) Myanmar 20 NEAQG NO2 11 (ug/m3) 152 CO (ug/m3) 31 8/13/19 O3 (ug/m3) Middle Myanmar Middle Average Concentration (µg/m3) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 50 0 PM 10 109 (ug/m3) 50 NEAQG Middle Air PM 2.5 90 (ug/m3) Parameters Myanmar 25 NEAQG SO2 44 (ug/m3) 20 NEAQG NO2 24 (ug/m3) 347 CO (ug/m3) 8/13/19 O3 27 (ug/m3) Middle Myanmar Middle Average Concentration (µg/m3) 100 150 200 250 50 0 93 PM 10 (ug/m3) 50 NEAQG 73 PM 2.5 Middle Air (ug/m3) 25 Parameters NEAQG Myanmar 24 SO2 (ug/m3) 20 NEAQG 20 NO2 (ug/m3) 192 CO (ug/m3) 28 O3 (ug/m3) 8/13/19 Magwe region, Myanmar region, Average Concentration (µg/m3) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 50 0 127 PM 10 (ug/m3) 50 NEAQG 110 PM 2.5 (ug/m3) Magwe Air 25 NEAQG Parameters 23 SO2 region (ug/m3) 20 NEAQG 24 NO2 (ug/m3) 337 CO (ug/m3) 25 O3 8/13/19 (ug/m3) Yenangyaung Township (Middle Myanmar) 70 60 60 50 50 ) 3 g/m µ ( 40 30 28 25 20 20 Average Concentration 10 3 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG Yenangyaung Township (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Yenangyaung Township (Middle Myanmar) 60 55 50 50 ) 3 g/m 40 µ ( 32 30 25 20 20 15 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG Yenangyaung Township (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Chauk Township (Middle Myanmar) 60 52 50 50 39 ) 40 3 g/m µ ( 30 25 19 20 20 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) ug/m3) (ug/m3) Chauk Township Air Parameters 8/13/19 Magwe region (Suburban Area) 80 68 70 60 52 ) 50 3 50 g/m µ ( 40 30 25 20 20 12 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters Magwe region 8/13/19 Lower Myanmar 8/13/19 Major findings (contd.) Bago Region Bago Region 200 171 180 160 137 ) 3 140 g/m µ 120 ( 100 100 80 60 50 40 20 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG TSPM NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters Bago region (Suburban Area) 8/13/19 Kone village (Suburban Area) 70 63 60 50 50 ) 3 g/m 39 µ ( 40 30 25 20 20 10 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Kone village (Lower Myanmar) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Lat Pan village (Suburban Area) 70 62 60 50 50 ) 3 39 g/m µ 40 ( 23 30 25 20 20 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Lat Pan village , Lower Myanmar Air Parameters 8/13/19 Kan Hla village (Suburban Area) 90 78 80 70 ) 3 60 g/m µ 45 ( 50 49 50 40 30 25 20 20 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters Kan Hla village, Lower Myanmar 8/13/19 Gyaungwaing Gyi village (Suburban Area) 70 61 60 50 ) 3 50 44 g/m µ ( 40 30 25 16 20 20 10 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Gyaungwaing Gyi village, Lower Myanmar Air Parameters 8/13/19 Mya Kan Thar village (Suburban Area) 70 60 58 50 50 42 ) 3 40 g/m µ ( 30 25 20 20 10 8 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG Mya Kan Thar village, Lower Myanmar (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Upper Myanmar 8/13/19 Thone Eain village (Suburban Area) 120 94 100 ) 80 3 68 g/m µ ( 60 50 38 40 25 20 20 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Thone Eain village, Upper Myanmar Air Parameters 8/13/19 Than Phyu Yone village (Suburban 70 Area) 62 60 50 50 ) 3 40 38 g/m µ ( 30 25 20 20 14 10 Average Concentration 0 Than Phyu Yone village,Upper Myanmar PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Ohn Pin Wun village (Upper Myanmar) 140 119 120 100 ) 87 3 g/m 80 µ ( 60 50 40 25 20 20 11 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG Ohn Pin Wun village, Upper Myanmar (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Ohn Pin Wun village (Upper Myanmar) 200 180 172 160 140 ) 3 120 109 g/m 106 µ ( 100 80 60 50 40 25 20 20 Average Concentration 0 PM10 NEAQG PM2.5 NEAQG SO2 NEAQG Ohn Pin Wun village, Upper Myanmar (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Air Parameters 8/13/19 Dust Surface Mass Concentration https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/ Summer, 2018 Rainy, 2018 Winter, 2018 8/13/19 Research Data on Waste Open Burning ( Throughout Summer, Rainy and Winter) – Environmental Exposure on Particulates and Gases – Personal Exposure on PM 2.5 – Health Effects ( Health Indicators: BP, HR, PEFR, Pulse Oximetry) – Community surveys – Air Modelling 8/13/19 Environmental Monitoring Waste Disposal Site and Control Area 3.11 km 8/13/19 Environmental Monitoring at Waste Disposal Site Upwind Downwind 8/13/19 Personal Monitoring Exposed Persons and
Recommended publications
  • Members of Parliament-Elect, Myanmar/Burma

    Members of Parliament-Elect, Myanmar/Burma

    To: Hon. Mr. Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General United Nations From: Members of Parliament-Elect, Myanmar/Burma CC: Mr. B. Lynn Pascoe, Under-Secretary-General, United Nations Mr. Ibrahim Gambari, Under-Secretary-General and Special Adviser to the Secretary- General on Myanmar/Burma Permanent Representatives to the United Nations of the five Permanent Members (China, Russia, France, United Kingdom and the United states) of the UN Security Council U Aung Shwe, Chairman, National League for Democracy Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, General Secretary, National League for Democracy U Aye Thar Aung, Secretary, Committee Representing the Peoples' Parliament (CRPP) Veteran Politicians The 88 Generation Students Date: 1 August 2007 Re: National Reconciliation and Democratization in Myanmar/Burma Dear Excellency, We note that you have issued a statement on 18 July 2007, in which you urged the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) (the ruling military government of Myanmar/Burma) to "seize this opportunity to ensure that this and subsequent steps in Myanmar's political roadmap are as inclusive, participatory and transparent as possible, with a view to allowing all the relevant parties to Myanmar's national reconciliation process to fully contribute to defining their country's future."1 We thank you for your strong and personal involvement in Myanmar/Burma and we expect that your good offices mandate to facilitating national reconciliation in Myanmar/Burma would be successful. We, Members of Parliament elected by the people of Myanmar/Burma in the 1990 general elections, also would like to assure you that we will fully cooperate with your good offices and the United Nations in our effort to solve problems in Myanmar/Burma peacefully through a meaningful, inclusive and transparent dialogue.
  • The Myanmar-Thailand Corridor 6 the Myanmar-Malaysia Corridor 16 the Myanmar-Korea Corridor 22 Migration Corridors Without Labor Attachés 25

    The Myanmar-Thailand Corridor 6 the Myanmar-Malaysia Corridor 16 the Myanmar-Korea Corridor 22 Migration Corridors Without Labor Attachés 25

    Online Appendixes Public Disclosure Authorized Labor Mobility As a Jobs Strategy for Myanmar STRENGTHENING ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES TO ENHANCE THE BENEFITS OF MOBILITY Public Disclosure Authorized Mauro Testaverde Harry Moroz Public Disclosure Authorized Puja Dutta Public Disclosure Authorized Contents Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar 1 Appendix 2 Forms used to collect information at Labor Exchange Offices 3 Appendix 3 Registering jobseekers and vacancies at Labor Exchange Offices 5 Appendix 4 The migration process in Myanmar 6 The Myanmar-Thailand corridor 6 The Myanmar-Malaysia corridor 16 The Myanmar-Korea corridor 22 Migration corridors without labor attachés 25 Appendix 5 Obtaining an Overseas Worker Identification Card (OWIC) 29 Appendix 6 Obtaining a passport 30 Cover Photo: Somrerk Witthayanant/ Shutterstock Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar State/Region Name State/Region Name Yangon No (1) LEO Tanintharyi Dawei Township Office Yangon No (2/3) LEO Tanintharyi Myeik Township Office Yangon No (3) LEO Tanintharyi Kawthoung Township Office Yangon No (4) LEO Magway Magwe Township Office Yangon No (5) LEO Magway Minbu District Office Yangon No (6/11/12) LEO Magway Pakokku District Office Yangon No (7) LEO Magway Chauk Township Office Yangon No (8/9) LEO Magway Yenangyaung Township Office Yangon No (10) LEO Magway Aunglan Township Office Yangon Mingalardon Township Office Sagaing Sagaing District Office Yangon Shwe Pyi Thar Township Sagaing Monywa District Office Yangon Hlaing Thar Yar Township Sagaing Shwe
  • Magway Operational Brief WFP Myanmar

    Magway Operational Brief WFP Myanmar

    Magway Operational Brief WFP Myanmar Overview Magway Region with 3.9 million, representing 7 percent of the country’s population, is located in the central part of Myanmar, bordering with Sagaing Region in the north, Mandalay Region in the east, Bago Region in the south and Rakhine and Chin States in the west. Despite largest land area, economically, it is one of the poorest regions in Myanmar due to lack of job and poor infrastructure and services. Moreover, limited access to land, inadequate farming inputs, drought, and scarcity of water and declination of soil fertility also lead to food insecurity of the vulnerable. Rural population accounts for 15 percent of the total in the region. The chronic food insecurity causes migration of the local people and many social and health problems. The chronic poverty and high vulnerability to shocks are widespread throughout the region. A food security, poverty and nutrition survey conducted in 2013 by WFP and Save the Children in the Dry Zone - large part of Magway, Mandalay and lower part of Sagaing Divisions - reported that 26 percent of the people in Dry Zone live below the poverty line and 18 percent is food-insecure. Chronic and acute malnutrition was found to be widespread among children under the age of five with 12 percent acutely malnourished while 27 percent chronically malnourished. In 2003, WFP opened a sub-office in Pakkoku to provide relief food assistance to families, whose breadwinners contracted HIV/TB. The food assistance was provided through the direct support from Fund for HIV/AIDS for Myanmar (FAHM).
  • Yenangyoung Township Report

    Yenangyoung Township Report

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census MAGWAY REGION, MAGWAY DISTRICT Yenangyoung Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Magway Region, Magway District Yenangyoung Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Magway Region, showing the townships Yenangyoung Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 134,227 2 Population males 60,228 (44.9%) Population females 73,999 (55.1%) Percentage of urban population 33.6% Area (Km2) 1,007.4 3 Population density (per Km2) 133.2 persons Median age 30.5 years Number of wards 14 Number of village tracts 29 Number of private households 32,500 Percentage of female headed households 31.4% Mean household size 4.0 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 27.3% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 64.5% Elderly population (65+ years) 8.2% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 55.2 Child dependency ratio 42.4 Old dependency ratio 12.8 Ageing index 30.2 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 81 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 91.3% Male 96.4% Female 87.6% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 6,347 4.7 Walking 2,746 2.0 Seeing 2,898 2.2 Hearing 1,936 1.4 Remembering 2,099 1.6 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny
  • Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar

    Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar

    Myanmar Development Research (MDR) (Present) Enlightened Myanmar Research (EMR) Wing (3), Room (A-305) Thitsar Garden Housing. 3 Street , 8 Quarter. South Okkalarpa Township. Yangon, Myanmar +951 562439 Acknowledgement of Myanmar Development Research This edition of the “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)” is the first published collection of facts and information of political parties which legally registered at the Union Election Commission since the pre-election period of Myanmar’s milestone 2010 election and the post-election period of the 2012 by-elections. This publication is also an important milestone for Myanmar Development Research (MDR) as it is the organization’s first project that was conducted directly in response to the needs of civil society and different stakeholders who have been putting efforts in the process of the political transition of Myanmar towards a peaceful and developed democratic society. We would like to thank our supporters who made this project possible and those who worked hard from the beginning to the end of publication and launching ceremony. In particular: (1) Heinrich B�ll Stiftung (Southeast Asia) for their support of the project and for providing funding to publish “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)”. (2) Party leaders, the elected MPs, record keepers of the 56 parties in this book who lent their valuable time to contribute to the project, given the limited time frame and other challenges such as technical and communication problems. (3) The Chairperson of the Union Election Commission and all the members of the Commission for their advice and contributions.
  • The Properties and Utilization of Soilin the Greening Project for the Ninecritical Districts of the Arid Zone of Central Myanmar ( Part II )

    The Properties and Utilization of Soilin the Greening Project for the Ninecritical Districts of the Arid Zone of Central Myanmar ( Part II )

    Leaflet No. 3/1997 Government of theUnion of Myanmar Ministry of Forestry Forest Department The Properties and Utilization of Soilin the Greening Project for the NineCritical Districts of the Arid Zone of Central Myanmar ( Part II ) U Sann Lwin (2), Deputy Director, U Htin Kyaw, Research Assistant and Daw Cho Cho Win, Research Assistant, Forest Research Institute August, 1997 i Acknowledgements Technical discussion sections were held with U Soe Myint, Director of the regreening of the nine districts in the central dryzone of Myanmar, his extensive knowledge of the dryzone together with his general support proved most useful. At the field level, Assistant Directors (District Forest Officers) and Staff Officers (Township Forest Officers), made available all essential support and facilities. Their contributions and support are most appreciated and made it possible to complete this paper. Thanks are due to the laboratory technicians, Forest Soil Laboratory, Forest Research Institute, for their service to finish this paper in time. ii tyllyddkkiff;a'o ( 9 ) c&ddkkiffpddkkuffciff;ajrrsm;\*kkPffowååddESSiffhh toHHkk;csrSSKuddkk pll;prff;avhhvmjciff; ('kkwdd,yddkkiff; ) OD;pef;vGif? B.Sc.(For.) (Ygn.), M.S. ( CESF, SUNY ) 'kwd,nTefMum;a&;rSL; OD;xifausmf? B.Sc. ( I.C. ) ( Ygn. ) okawoevufaxmuf ESifh a':csdKcsdK0if;? B.Sc.(Chem.) ( Mdy.) okawoevufaxmuf opfawmokawoe? a&qif;/ pmwrff;tusOff;csKyff tylydkif; a'o(9)c&dkif pdkufcif;ajrrsm;\ "gwkESifh&ly *kPof wååddrsm;tm; pl;l prff;avhhvmrSSK ( 'kkwdd,yddkkiff; ) jzpffygonff/ pddkkuffciff;ajrrsm;\ *kPfowådESifh qufEG,fvsuf&Sddaom taMumif;jcif;&m rsm;tm; uGif;qif; avhvmrSKtay: tajccHí wifjyxm;ygonf/ yxrydkif;ESifh 'kwd,ydkif; aygif;pnf;í tylydkif; a'o pdkufcif;rsm; wnfaxmif&mwGif tudk;tum;jyK toHk;csEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/ a&Tbdkc&dkifudkyg wdk;csJ.
  • Village Tracts of Chauk Township Magway Region

    Village Tracts of Chauk Township Magway Region

    Myanmar Information Management Unit Village Tracts of Chauk Township Magway Region 94°45’E 94°50’E 94°55’E 95°0’E 20°55’N 20°55’N Seikphyu Chauk Urban Ohn Hmyar Gyi Thway Net Pa Day Thar Kyauk Tan Yae Twin Byi Pin Dat Myay Aw Zar Pan Be 20°50’N 20°50’N Let Pan Kyun Sa Lay Htein Kan Gway Pin Gway Cho Chaung Tet Nyee Su Ya Thit Twin Lat Thit To Kan U Yin Zee Pwar Tha Lone Thway Zaung Taw Kan Ma Gyi Kone Sar Taung CHAUK Kywe Tat Htein San Gway Pin Gyi 20°45’N 20°45’N Taung Thar Lin Ta Kaing Pa Khan Nge Aw Zar Taw Ma Gyi Kan Na Ywe Taw Se Kan Myay Pa Don Su Yit Kan Ywar Ma Wa Thea San Swei Pauk Kan Sa Lin Taung Nyaung Zin Nyaung Chaung Lay Pin Kone 20°40’N 20°40’N Kyoet Pin Poke Pa Kan Taung Ba Lu Than Bo Sagaing Kyauk Ye Myay Sun 20°35’N Chin Kyaung Yar Taw 20°35’N Mandalay Shan Magway Bay of Bengal Rakhine Sar Lel Bago Kilometers Ayeyarwady 0482 94°45’E 94°50’E 94°55’E 95°0’E Map ID: MIMU575v01 Legend Data Sources : GLIDE Number: TC-2010-000211-MMR Cyclone BASE MAP - MIMU State Capital Road Village Tract Boundaries Creation Date: 1 December 2010. A3 Boundaries - WFP/MIMU/UNICEF Township Boundary Cyclone Path Projection/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 Main Town Place names - Ministry of Home Affair District Boundary Other Town (GAD) translated by MIMU State Boundary Map produced by the MIMU - [email protected] Website : http://www.themimu.info Disclaimer: The names shown and the boundaries used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations..
  • Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007

    Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007

    Burma Page 1 of 22 Burma Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 Since 1962 Burma, with an estimated population of 54 million, has been ruled by a succession of highly authoritarian military regimes dominated by the majority Burman ethnic group. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), led by Senior General Than Shwe, was the country's de facto government, with subordinate peace and development councils ruling by decree at the division, state, city, township, ward, and village levels. Military officers wielded the ultimate authority at each level of government. In 1990 prodemocracy parties won more than 80 percent of the seats in a general parliamentary election, but the regime continued to ignore the results. The military government totally controlled the country's armed forces, excluding a few active insurgent groups. The government's human rights record worsened during the year. The regime continued to abridge the right of citizens to change their government. The government detained five leaders of the 88 Generation Students prodemocracy activists. The government refused to allow the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to visit prisoners privately. The army increased attacks on ethnic minority villagers in Bago Division and Karen State designed to drive them from their traditional land. In addition, the government continued to commit other serious abuses, including extrajudicial killings, custodial deaths, disappearances, rape, and torture. The government abused prisoners and detainees, held persons in harsh and life threatening conditions, routinely used incommunicado detention, and imprisoned citizens arbitrarily for political motives.
  • Republic of the Union of Myanmar Preparatory Survey on Distribution

    Republic of the Union of Myanmar Preparatory Survey on Distribution

    Electricity Supply Enterprise Ministry of Electric Power Republic of the Union of Myanmar Republic of the Union of Myanmar Preparatory Survey on Distribution System Improvement Project in Main Cities Final Report July 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. 1R Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. JR 15-033 Table of contents Chapter 1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Survey schedule .......................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3 JICA survey team and counterpart .............................................................................................. 1-5 Chapter 2 Present Status ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Present status of the power distribution sector ........................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Movement of Corporatization and franchising ........................................................................... 2-6 2.3 Electricity Tariff .......................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.3.1 Number of Consumers .......................................................................................................
  • Data Collection Survey on the Project for Development of Water Saving Agricultural Technology in the Central Dry Zone in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

    Data Collection Survey on the Project for Development of Water Saving Agricultural Technology in the Central Dry Zone in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

    Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation The Republic of the Union of Myanmar DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE PROJECT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SAVING AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL DRY ZONE IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. India China 51 Townships in the Central Dry Zone and Main Facilities of the Project Project Area Myanmar Yangon Thai Sagaing Region Myingyan DAR Center Mandalay Region Nyaung Oo DAR Center Magway DAR Center Magway Region Nay Pyi Taw Legend Border Border of Region Border of Township Project Area Division/ State Capital District Capital River Road Railway Photos of the Central Dry Zone Rainfed upland（before rainy season） Seeding at the beginning of rainy season Predominant sandy soil (before rainy season） Indian-made 4 wheel tractor Plowing by Power tiller Intercropping with groundnut and pigeon pea Intercropping with groundnut and maize Tube-well observed in Central Dry Zone Hydroponic irrigation (Magway Campus, Practice of the hydroponic irrigation in a Yezin Agricultural University ） village (Yenangyon) Practice of micro irrigation in a village Practice of micro irrigation in a (Yenangyon) village(Yenangyon) Dragon fruits (Mandalay) Bean Exchange market (Mandalay) Oil-extracting factory (Myingyan) Bean –processing factory (Myingyan) CONTENTS Location Map of the Study Area Photos of the Central Dry Zone CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ············································ 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................
  • Pdf | 650.96 Kb

    Pdf | 650.96 Kb

    Food Security Update- July 2013 Early Warning and Situation Reports Jul Purpose and Interpretation: Food Security Updates (FSUs) have two key components; 1) an Early Warning (EW) section and 2) a Situation Report (SitRep) from main States and Regions. The EW section outlines the key events occurring throughout Myanmar that are currently impacting the food security situation. By highlighting these events, it is possible to identify townships where food security status is likely to deteriorate in the short term, facilitating decision-making and response. Methodologically, WFP classifies the severity of shocks as Low, Moderate or High, depending on the likelihood that a shock is significant enough to result in deteriorations in key food security indicators as defined by the Food Security Information Network (FSIN). Indicator scores are then summed to determine a shock severity score. This methodology is summarized below. The SitRep, by contrast, provides general information on a monthly basis about the food security situation in key Regions and States in Myanmar. SitReps summarize the evolving food security situation and help provide context to more in-depth FSIN periodic monitoring rounds. Source of information: Information included in Food Security Updates (FSUs) comes from a variety of sources, including observations from field staff, information from assessment activities, community reports or requests for assistance, government requests for action and information from media outlets. Monthly Updates can be accessed online at http://www.fsinmyanmar.net. FSIN Food Security Classifications FSIN Key Indicators Shock impact on each Shock severity scoring is sum of indicator Generally food secure . Crop Production . Hunger indicator is estimated scores, categorized as follows: Moderately food insecure .
  • IOM Myanmar Floods Response Situation Report, September 2015

    IOM Myanmar Floods Response Situation Report, September 2015

    MYANMAR: 2015 FLOODS IOM RESPONSE SITUATION REPORT 8 September 2015 The wall of the Church has been cracked due to the landslide in Chin State. Highlights © IOM 2015 (Photo: IOM) 10,825 shelter kits have been sent for A further delivery of 2,000 tarpaulins Focus of IOM assistance is now distribution through local partners in and 10,000 mosquito nets donated by shifting to early recovery in Rakhne Rakhine and Chin States, Ayeyarwaddy, the Austrian Government arrived in State, through rebuilding houses, water Sagaing and Magway Regions. Yangon on 6th and 7th September, for purification, and continued roll out of the distribution in Chin State and other flood- displacement tracking matrix (DTM). affected areas. Situation Overview The most recent figures from the National Natural Disaster Management Committee (NNDMC) estimate over 1.6 million people have been affected across Sagaing, Kachin, Shan, Mandalay, Chin, Rakhine, Kayin, Mon, Bago, Magway, Ayeyarwaddy, Tanintharyi and Yangon as of 2/8. Over 476,000 houses have been partially damaged or destroyed, with Ayeyarwaddy (505,292), Sagaing (399,526) and Magway (308,046) have been identified as the states/regions with the largest number of affected people. An estimated 841,620 acres have been damaged. An estimated 4,116 schools have been damaged, 608 of which have been destroyed. Over 143,000 children under the age of five are estimated to be affected by the floods, with malnutrition already an issue prior to the floods especially in Chin and Rakhine States and Ayeyarwaddy and Magway Regions. Access to remote and isolated villages in affected areas remains a challenge with roads and bridges damaged or covered in mud and sediment.