SOFTWARE FOR STATISTICAL GRAPHICS - AN OVERVIEW P.M. Caporal and G.J. Hahn, General Electric Company

I. INTROOUCTION AND OVERVIEW only with software that provides high-Quality graphical output. Output devices, such as CRT dis­ Thus, we will not, for example, play terminals and special plot­ consider programs that only pro­ ters, which are now available duce plats on standard line for high-quality graphics, pro­ printers, although these may of­ vide the analyst new opportun­ ten be sufficient in the explor­ ities for presenting and explor­ atory stages of a data analy­ ing data. In addition to sum­ sis. Consideration will also be marizing data and performing limited to software for general statistical evaluations, the statistical analysis; offerings computer can be used to present that perform only a small number the results through attractive of analyses, e.g., regression a­ and meaningful graphical dis­ nalysiS, analysis of variance, plays. These displays are fur­ or face plots, will not be con­ ther enhanced by the increasing sidered. accessibility of color graph­ ics. As a result, individuals Fienberg (1979) reviews modern with limited statistical train­ graphical methods in statistics, ing can obtain simple, but in­ covering both presentation and cisive, graphical presentations analytical graphics and gives of the data, while a trained an­ numerous references. Chambers alyst can gain an improved un­ (1980) discusses the history and derstanding of complex data by trends of statistical computing using graphical tools for ex­ and Francis (1981) provides a ploratory data analysis. More­ comparative review of statisti­ over, obtaining such displays on cal computing. a computer, rather than manual­ ly, can significantly reduce the A total of 15 different offer­ elapsed time to get the desired ings are reviewed under the fol­ graphics and allows the analyst lowing headings: to operate in an iterative man­ ner. o Statistical graphics soft­ ware for desktop computers The marriage of statistical data (Section II). analysis and high-quality graph­ o Interfaces with, or exten­ ics has become possible through sions of, existing statisti­ the development of statistical cal packages (Section III). graphics software by software a Integrated statistical houses, graphics hardware sup­ graphics software for mini­ pliers, universities and oth­ computers and mainframes ers. Two previous papers (Section IV). (Caporal and Hahn [1981a and 1961b]) described software for Tables I and 2 give a comprehen­ high-quality graphical dis­ sive overview of the 15 offer­ plays. These papers dealt prin­ ings. Table 1 indicates the cipally with offerings for pres­ primary user of each, indicates entation graphics, many of which whether the offering is a prD­ have only limited capabilities gram or a library of subroutines for statisitical data analysis. and provides some brief descrip­ In this paper, we concentrate on tive comments. Table 2 shows software that permits the user the acquiSition costs (ranging to integrate the data analysis from $150 to $40,000 or more), and data display functions, the software source and the as­ i.e., offerings that have sociated host computers and non-trivial statistical, as well graphiC output devices. Since as data display, capabilities, these tables are self-explan­ for a wide variety of computers, atory, the information contained ranging from desktops to main­ in them will not be repeated. frames. We will, however, deal

199 The major purpose is to report flexible, and less sta­ an the various offerings - not tistically sophisticated to evaluate them. We have tried than most of the offer­ to be objective in our comments ings for larger comput­ and descriptions. However, some ers described in the degree of judgment invariably next two sections. How­ enters into such a rev1ew, es­ ever, the graphical fea­ pecially in deciding which pro­ tures of the offerings grams have sufficient statisti­ for desktop computers cal and graphical content and are comparable to those which are general enough to war­ that are discussed sub­ rant inclusion. We have aimed sequently in this paper. at describing all offerings that meet our criteria. Earlier ver­ 3. The available statisti­ sions of this paper were widely cal and graphical fea­ distributed. Suggestions, es­ tures vary greatly. pecially for additions, were so­ licited and acted upon. Also, The offerings with the most in Section V, we indicate some extensive graphics and sta­ offerings currently under devel­ tistical features are: opment. Despite this, it is possible that some relevant ap­ o The HP Series 70 plicable software, especially of Statistical Software a very recent nature, has escap­ o The HP Series 80 ed our attention. Due to lack Statistical Software of resources, we do not claim o The HP 9845 Statis­ hands-on experience with much of tics Library the software. However, we have o The HP Series 200 participated in demonstrations Statistics Library of most of the offerings. o The Tektronix Plot 50 Applications Li­ II. STATISTICAL GRAPHICS SOFTWARE brary FOR DESKTOP COMPUTERS o The Trend spotter '82 Graphics Manage­ A. Introduction ment Information System. Boardman (1982) in an arti­ cle on the future of statis­ These offerings are discussed tical computing on desktop further below. They represent computers describes various only three manufacturers and desktop computers and in­ only two of the 11 listed by cludes a representative list Boardman [19B2J. Offerings by of manufacturers. The use other manufacturers have been o­ of these computers for data mitted in this survey because analysis is rapidly increas­ they are of a specialized, ing. Many suppliers now of­ rather than general, nature. fer and sell statistical graphics packages. These B. HP Series 70 Statistical offerings have the following Software characteristics: The HP Series 70 Statistical 1. Their use is generally Software consists of librar­ limited only to the ies for: desktop computer model for which they were de­ o Basic one variable sta- veloped (or to systems tistics that emulate it). o Simple Linear Regression o Analysis of Variance 2. They are generally di­ a Correlation Coefficient rected mainly at data a Probability Distributions analysts with limited The statistical software statistical backgrounds, contains the capability of rather than at the creating graphical output. f (smaller) specialized I audience of statistici­ C. HP Series 80 Statistical ans. As a result, soft­ Software ; ware packages for desk­ top computers tend, in The HP Series 80 Statistical general, to be more Library contains sublibrar­ user-friendly, more ies for: II I ,~ 200 [ o General Statistics Unlike the other packages o Basic Statistics and for desktop computers de­ Data Manipulation scribed in this section, the o Regression Analysis Trend-Spotter 182 basiC system includes both the Capabilities for plotting actual hardware, i.e., a statistical results are con­ color CRT, as well as the tained within the sublibrar­ applicable software. Addi­ ies tional options, such as e­ quipment for hard copy out­ D. HP 9845 Statistics Library put, can be ordered. As suggested by its name, The HP 9845 Statistics Li­ Trend-Spotter is aimed prin­ brary contains sublibraries cipally at business people for: and administrators and is claimed to be 'a graphics o Basic Statistics and system designed by managers, Data Manipulation for use by managers. 1 For o General Statistics example, it permits esti­ o Statistical Graphics mation of trends and fore­ o Regression Analysis casts and includes adjust­ o Nonlinear Regression A­ ments for cost-of-living, nalysis anticipated inflation, and o Analysis of Variance seasonal effects. o Monte Carlo Simulation utilities III. INTERFACES WITH, DR EXTENSIONS o Principal Components and OF, EXISTING STATISTICAL PACKAGES Factor Analysis A. OVERVIEW Prompts guide the user through the programs. Most Sophisticated computer pack­ have the capability of pro­ ages for statistical analy­ ducing graphical displays of sis have become prominent the statistical results. during the last decade and are used extenSively by sta­ E. HP Series 200 Statistics tisticians and other data Library analysts. Some well-known examples are BMDP (Biomedi­ The HP Series 200 Statistics cal Computer Programs Library is similar to the HP P-Series), Minitab, SAS 9845 Statistics Library. (Statistical Analysis System), SPSS (Statistical F. Tektronix PLOT 50 Package for the Social Sci­ Applications Library ences), and p-stat. These offerings, and many others, The Tektronix PLOT 50 Appli­ are compared by Francis cations Library consists of (1981). Most were developed a statistical library as prior to the general avail­ well as other software. The ability of high-quality com­ statistical library consists puter graphics. As a re­ of sublibraries for: sult, the following exten­ sions for, or interfaces o Tests and Distributions with, high-quality graphics o Analysis of Variance have been developed: o Multiple Linear Regres­ sion a Three offerings invol- o Nonlinear Estimation ving the SAS package: Menus and prompts guide the The SAS/Graph exten­ user. The statistical sub­ sion to SAS libraries contain capabil­ An interface between ities for plotting statis­ SAS and the tical results. A separate Tell-A-Graf graphics time series analysis and program forecasting package is also Datagraf, an inter­ available. face to SAS, SAS/Graph, and the G. Trend-Spotter '82 Graphics Disspla graphics Management Information System package.

201 a The interface between vides interfaces to SAS, SPSS and the SPSS Graph­ SAS/Graph, and the Disspla ics Option, including an graphics subroutine pack­ interface option with age. The interface is a­ the Tell-A-Graf graphics chieved through a conversa­ program. tional language that prompts a The interface between the user for information and the Statll statistical does not require the user to analysis package and the learn either the SAS or the PlotII program. Disspla language. Thus, un­ o The interface between like the other packages de­ Sharp Associates APL scribed in this section, Functions for Statisti­ Datagraf appears as a new cal Analysis and their offering to the user. It Superplot data display also has various additional package. features beyond those of SAS Each of these are reviewed and Disspla (e.g., a data­ in this Section. Plans for base consisting of demo­ the development of graphical graphic, socioeconomic and capabilities for BMDP, Mini­ other data by county from tab, and P-Stat are also in­ the Bureau of the Census). dicated. E. The SPSS Graphics Option and B. The SAS/Graph Extensions to Tell-A-Graf Interface SAS 5PSS is a well-known statis­ The statistical analysis tical package for analysis capabilities of SAS range of social science data. Its from simple descriptive sta­ capabilities include de­ tistics to complex multi­ scriptive statistics, fre­ variate techniques and in­ Quency distributions, cross clude regression, analysis tabulations, simple and par­ of variance, categorical tial correlation, n-way an­ data analysis, multivariate alysis of variance, multiple techniques, discriminant an­ regression, discriminant a­ alysis, and clustering. nalysis, factor analysis, and canonical correlations. The SAS/Graph extension to SAS allows users to obtain The SPSS Graphics Option high-quality graphical dis­ permits the use of graphics plays of the output gener­ commands within an SPSS run ated during a SAS run. that are similar in form to SAS/Graph procedures are the standard SPSS commands. similar to SAS procedures In addition, SPSS Graphics and can be included in SAS permits SPSS users to inter­ runs. SAS/Graph also inter­ face with Tell-A-Graf by al­ faces with the SAS/ETS lowing the user to write (Economic Time Series) files that can be accessed Library. by Tell-A-Graf. C. Interface Between SAS and F. The StatII/PlotII Interface Tell-A-Graf StatII is a statistical An interface between SA5 and package on the MarkIII the Tell-A-Graf graphics time-sharing service of the , package is achieved through General Electric Information . a SAS procedure called PROC Services Company (GEISCO). c TAG. This transforms SAS The capabilities of StatII data files into Tell-A-Graf include descriptive statis­ data sets. PROC TAG is a­ tics, analysis of variance, [ vailable from ISSCD (see regreSSion, curve fitting, 1 Table 2). polynomial fitting, time [ series analysis, forecasting ,) D. Datagraf and data management. It in­ terfaces with Plot II, a ,f Datagraf, developed by graphics package for the j MIA-COM Sigma Data, Inc., same system. and available on the Hoeing f Computer Services national G. Interface of Sharp APL 1 time-sharing service, pro- Statistical Function Library ,~ I I 202 ,t • and Superplot bili ties, but the first edi­ The Sharp APL functions for tion of this Statistical Analysis is a will not be library of sophisticated available in a routines organized under the regular re­ following headings: lease before January a General Statistical 1983 ..... Several Functions of our users a Model Parameter Esti­ have added mation graphic capabil­ a Probability Functions ities to Mini­ and Distributions tab ..... (we) ex­ o Analysis of Variance pect initially a Multivariate Analysis to develop a Time Series Analysis graphics for one or two environ­ The statistical library is ments, probably directed at relatively know­ Tektronix 4010 ledgeable analysts. It in­ and Siggraph terfaces with Superplot, a Standard, and to Sharp APL graphics package, begin with some to provide graphical dis­ basic capabil­ plays. ities.... The attempt will be H. Plans for BMDP, Minitab and to: (1) Empha­ P-STAT size data analy­ sis graphics (as BMDP, Minitab and P-Stat do opposed to pres­ not currently have inter­ entation graph­ faces with graphics pack­ ics.) (2) sup­ ages, but there are plans port medium as for developing such inter­ well as high faces. In particular, we resolution received the following re­ graphics. I I sponses to our inquiries from the suppliers of these P-STAT: 'IP-stat does packages: not yet offer high quality BMDP: I I BMDP does not graphics ...... We currently inter­ have looked at face with graphics high-resolution interfaces, and graphics devices. this seems to be the direction in One of our cur­ which we will rent projects is eventually implementation follow ..... I 1 of BMDP on desk­ top microcom­ IV. INTEGRATED STATISTICAL GRAPHICS puter which fea­ SOFTWARE FOR MINICOMPUTERS AND tures a graphics MAINFRAMES terminal. We expect to be A. Overview able to drive the graphics Ideally, users of statisti­ terminal with cal graphics would like modified ver­ graphical and statistical sions of our capabilities integrated into current pro­ a single package. This is grams. 11 the way most statistical graphics offerings for desk­ Minitab: I'Minitab does top computers, such as those not currently described in Section II, are have high reso­ written. In contrast, the lution graphics software described in Sec­ capabilities. tion III marries previously We do plan to written statistical routines add such capa- with more recently developed

203 graphics software. o Mathematical (Datagraf appears to be an in-between case.) Filliben (1980 and 1981) provides more information on A new generation of software Dataplot. that integrates statistical analysis with high-quality c. statgraphics computer graphics into a single package has recently statgraphics, developed at emerged. Prominent among Princeton UniverSity, is a these are: new package with broad sta­ tistical and graphical capa­ o Dataplot - developed at bilities. It contains an the National Bureau of optional menu control scheme Standards for general users. Experi­ o Statgraphics - developed enced users can access the at Princeton UniverSity APL program functions di­ a 5 - developed at Bell rectly and create new ones. Labs Functions are organized into 24 chapters devoted to anal­ These three offerings differ ysis of variance, basic appreciably with regard to plotting functions, cluster primary user (see Table 1), analysis, descriptive cost (see Table 2) and methods, estimation and user-friendliness. testing, distribution func­ (Statgraphlcs is aimed at tions, simulation and random the most general audience; 5 numbers, forecasting, data in aimed at a more limited input/output, exploratory audience who have greater data analysis, basic draw sophistication in statistics functions, categorized data and computers.) analysis, multivariate sta­ tistics, nonparametric sta­ B. Dataplot tistics, numerical analysis, sampling, quality control, Dataplot uses Tektronix regreSSion analysis, smooth­ Plot-lO graphics software to ing, time series analysis, create statistical graph­ stochastic modeling, experi­ ics. According to its de­ mental design, special math velopers, "Dataplot was de­ functions and mathematical veloped originally in 1977 programming. Pohlemus in response to data analysis (19828 and 1982b) provides. problems encountered at the more information on stat­ National Bureau of Standards graphics. (NBS). It has subsequently been the most heavily-used D. The 5 Package interactive graphics and non-linear fitting language S is an interactive language at NBS. It is a ... tool and system developed by the not only for 'raw' graphics, Bell Laboratories statistics but also for manuscript pre­ research departments to re­ paration, modeling, data a­ flect modern concepts in nalysis, data summarization, data analysis, data display and mathematical analysis. techniques, and computing. Dataplot may be run either 5 is an expression language; in batch mode or inter­ the expressions used inClude actively, although it was algebraic and functional ex­ primarily designed for (and pressions, which are inter­ is Inost effectively used in) preted and evaluated by S. an interactive environ­ i The emphasis is not on ment.. I Its capabilities all-inClusiveness of cur­ are grouped under the fol­ rently available capabil­ lowing headings: ities, but on making it easy I for a knowledgeable user to ,I a General Graphics Dia- add desired capabilities. grammatic External support for S is a Diagrammatic Graphics not provided by 8ell Labs. t a Fitting In fact, the description of o Graphical Data Analysis 5 states that I I It is es­ o Non-Graphical Data Anal­ sential that any group hop­ I ysis ing to make the best use of ~ ~- ! 204 S have a local facility for tions and thus for the dis­ counselling and program de­ play of 3-dimensional char­ velopment. .. This means acteristics of data, ... " someone ... willing and able using clouds of points. to learn a reasonable amount about 5 and the UNIX soft­ VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS ware environment. II Becker and Chambers (1976 and 1978) This survey has provided an provide further information overview of advanced statistical on the 5 package. graphics software, in terms of its capabilities, for integrat­ V. SOFTWARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT ing general statistical analysis with high-quality graphics. computer-generated statistical Considered have been: graphics is a rapidly growing field. Software is currently 1. Offerings for both presen­ under development that utilizes tation graphics and data a­ 3-dimensional capabilities and nalysis/exploration graphics. motion. Specific offerings that are currently being developed 2. Software for desktop comput­ and have been reported on at re­ ers, minicomputers and main­ cent conferences are: frames.

a Grafstat, under development 3. Packages directed at mana­ at the IBM Watson Research gers and business people, center, is I Ian APL work­ engineers and sCientists, space, designed for inter­ data analysts and statisti­ active scientific and engin­ cians, and various combin­ eering plotting and inter­ ations thereof. active data analysis. The workspace runs with a 4. Offerings where the required full-screen editing inter­ level of statistical and/or face on the I~M }277GA dual computing knowledge of the screen terminal. I I [see user varies from little to Heidleberger, Welch and Wu fairly extensive. (1982)]. 5. Offerings with acquisition a ALDS [Analysis of Large Data costs ranging from $150 to Sets], under development at $40,000 or more (various the Pacific Northwest Labo­ time-sharing and licensing ratory, is a I I flexible data arrangements are also avail­ management/statistical able for many of the offer­ analysis software ings). system •.. [that utilizes] color, glyphs and motion to Most of the offerings provide glimpse complex structure of color outputs, even though they multivariate large data col­ may not currently be used in lections. I I [see Nicholson that manner, due to equipment [1982) and Nicholson and limitations. These limitations Littlefield [1982]]. will gradually disappear. New offerings will emphasize motion a The Orion I work station, is and 3-dimensional capabilities. I'an experimental computer graphics system built at the Only one of the 15 offerings Stanford Linear Accelerator (statgraphics) allows the user Center .•..•. to study appli­ to input data through graphics cations of recent develop­ input devices such as joysticks, ments In computer graphics thumbwheels, and graphic tab­ technology to statistics." lets. We expect that new offer­ Features include "real time ings will have increasing capa­ motion graphics to display bilities of this type. three dimenstional scatter plots." [see Friedman, We hope these comments will pro­ McDonald and Stuetzle (1982) vide a useful starting point for and, also, Kalata (1982)]. those who would like to select statistical graphics software a Andrews (1982) is conducting that best meets current and fu­ research that I' illustrates ture needs. the potential of microcom­ puters for simulatinq rota- Anyone desiring more information

205 can contact P.M. Caporal, Gen­ Data Analysis, and Mathematics," eral Electric Company, 1000 Computer Graphics 15 (3), pp. 199-213 western Avenue, Mail Drop 37416, Lynn, Ma 01910 or G.J. Hahn, Francis, I. (1981), Statistical General Electric Company, Build­ Software, A Comparative Review, ing K-l, Room 3A27, Schenectady, Elsevier North Holland, Inc., 52 N.Y. 12345. Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 REFERENCES Friedman, J.H., McDonald, J.A. and Andrews, D.F. (1982), Exploiting Stuetzle, 'it. (1982), "Real time 3-Dimensional Graphics with Micro Graphical Techniques for Analyzing Computers, 1982 Annual Meetings, Multivariate Data," 1982 Annual American Statistical Association. Meetings, American Statistical Asso­ [Available from author at University ciation of Toronto]. Heidelberger, P., Welch, P.O., and Becker, R.A. and Chambers, J.M. Wu, L.S.Y. (1982), "The Application (1976), "On structure and Portabil­ of Dual Screen Graphics and APL to ity in Graphics for Data Analysis," Interactive Data Analysis," Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on the Interface of Com uter Science and the Interface of Computer Science and Statistics. 5 package Statistics. Becker, R.A. and Chambers, S.M. Kalata, G. (1982), "Computer Graph­ e 1978), "Design and Implementation ics Comes to StatistiCS," Science, of the S System for Interactive Data Vol. 217, pp. 919-920. Analysis, " Proceedings of the IEEE Compsac, pp. 626-629. Nicholson, W.L. (1982), "Interactive Color Graphics for Multivariate Boardman, T.J. (1982), "The Future Data, I I PrOCEedings of the 14th of Statistical Computing on Desktop Symposium on the Interface of Computers, I I The Amer ican Computer SClence and statistics. Statistician, Vol. 36, February 1982, pp. 49-58. Nicholson, W.L. and Littlefield, R.J. (1982), "The Use of Color and Motion Caporal, P.M. and Hahn, G.J. (1981a), to Display Higher Dimensional "Tools for Automated Statistical Data," Proceedings of the National Graphics,' , IEEE Computer Graphics Computer Graphlcs Conference, pp. and Applications, fall 1981, pp. 476-485. 72-82. Polhemus, N.W. 0982a), Caporal, P.M. and Hahn, G.J. (1981b), "STATGRAPHICS: An Interactive "Computer Offerings for Statistical Statistical Graphics System in Graphics - An Overview," APL," Proceedings of the National Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Computer Graphics Association the Interface of Computer Science and Conference, pp. 492-501. statistics, pp. 352-355. Polhemus, N.~. (1982b), "Interactive Chambers, J. (1980), 'I Statistical Statistical Graphics in APL: Design­ Computing: History and Trends," ing a Versatile User-EffIcient En­ The American Statistician Val. 34, vironment for Data Analysis," pp. 238-243. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on the Interface of Computer Science and Fienberg, S.E. (1979), "Graphical statistics. Methods in Statistics," The American Statistician, Vol:-33, pp. 165-178

Filliben, J.J. (1980), "A Review of DATAPLOT -- An Interactive High-Level Language for Graphics, Non-Linear Fitting, Data Analysis, and Mathe_ matics, t, Proceedings of the Statistical Computing Section of the American Statistical Association.

Filliben, J.J. (1981), "OATAPLOT -­ An Interactive High-Level Language for Graphics, Non-Linear Fitting,

206 Table 1 SUMMARY OF SOFTWARE FOR STATISTICAL GRAPHICS PROGRAM ( p) SOFTWARE PRIMARY OR SUBROUTINE COMMENTS USERS LIBRARY (S)

Software for Desktop Computers;

HP Series 70 Statistical General P Basic statistical capabil­ Software ities for HP 75 HP Series 80 Statistical General P Basic statistical capabil­ Software ities far HP 85, 86, and 87

HP Series 200 Statistics General P Extensive statistical capa­ Liorary bilities for HP 9816, 9826, and 9836 HP 9845 Statistics General P Extensive statistical capa­ Library bilities for HP 9845

Tektronix Plot 50 General P Extensive statistical capa­ Applications Library bilities for Tektronix 4050 series Trend-Spotter '82 Business P Software for Trend-Spotter '82 Graphics Management Information System Extensions to Statistical Packages:

SAS and SAS/Graph General and P Graphics interface for SAS Interface statisticians statistical package SAS and Tell-A-Graf General and P Interface between SAS and Interface statisticians Tell-A-Graf Datagraf General and P Conversational program inter­ statisticians faCing SAS, SAS/GRAPH, and OISSPLA. SPSS and SPSS Graphics General and P Graphics interface for SPSS Option statisticians statistical package with Tell-A-Graf interface option

STATII/PlatII Interface General and P Graphics interface for STAT!I statisticians program on GE Mark III Time-sharing service

Sharp APL Statistics Mainly S Graphics interface For Sharp Library and Superplot statisticians APL Statistics Library Interface Integrated Software:

Oataplot Mainly P Developed at National Bur­ engineers, eau of Standards; mathemat­ SCientists, and ical, as well as extensive statisticians statistical capabilities Statgraphics General and 5, P Developed at Princeton statisticians University; extensive statistical capabilities S Package Mainly 5 txpression language developed statisticians at Bell Labs; add-on capabil­ ities emphasized; not supported

207 Table 2

SOURCE AND COST fOR SOfTWARE AND HARDWAREOF STATISTICAL GRAPHICS

SuF IwARE SOURCE ACQU151 rlON COST'" HOSi COMPUiER GRflPH1C$ OUTPLT DEVICES surt..l'lre ror Desktop CQmputen

HP Series 70 Hewlet t_PaOkard Hewlett Packard 7~ He~lett PackoId 7472 Statistical Software 3401. E. Harmony Road '"(One~time ~ee) Desktop Computer Plotter tnrt !Collins. Colorado 80525 Hewlet t_Pa ckard Hedet {-Packard He~left -Packard I'P Series ao 3404 E. Harmony Roe.d 1225 85, 86, 87 7472, 9872, 7~80, Statistical SQf:ware tort Collins. Colorado 80525 (one_time fee) Desktop Computers 7855 Plotters Hewlett-Packard ------He~lett-Packard9816 He~lett_PackBId7472, HP Series 200 3404 E. Harmony Road USDD 9826, and 98~6 98Tl,7580, Statistics Library Fort 'Collins, Colorado 805~5 (One~1imefee) Desktop Computers 7855 Plotters Hew let t-Pa ckard HP 9845 3404 E. Harmony Road U500 Hewlett-Packard 9a45 He~lettPackard 9872 Statistics Libra.r tort Collins, Cclorado 80525 (One-time fee) OesktQP Computer Plotter Tektronlx, Inc. Statistics lektronix 46H or 4631 lekt,onix Plot_~O P.O. 8o~ 1700 Librar~$2aDO Tektronh: 4050 Series Hard Copy Unit. ~662 or Applications Library Eles\'ert::In, Oregon 97075 Other software Desktop Computer 4663 P:otter, 4641 Matrix Phone: (800) 547-1512 $1000-14000 Printer The. baSlC system includes the C~T Computer Pictures Corporation and the sofhare Trendspotter '82 20 Broad Street anll costs $35,900. Supplied with system Supplied with System Boston, MassaCI1~setts02109 The price can range to Phone: (617) 720-1700 $116,000 depen:Hng on the options chosen. Extensions to statistical Packages SAS $5000 1st J'ear; SAS Institute, Inc. $2500 annual renewal. IBM 360/370 m8inf~ame SAS and SASiGraph Box BOOO SASIGRAPH $3000 or compatible machine Many output devices Interface Car~,NC 27511 1st year; $1500 uncar OS,05/YS, and Phone: (919) 467-8000 ren~walfee. VM/CMS ISSCO ~ SAS and Tell-A-Graf 4186 Sorrento Valley 81vd. Same as SAS Same as SAS Many output devices N Interface San Die~o, CaL fornia 92121 PMne: (714) 452-0170 M/A_COM Sigma Data, Inc. Sta,dard 1!:!io1-360/370 marril'rame Catiigriif 5515 Security lane time-sharing or compatible machines Many output devices Rockville, Maryland 2(852 rates, or end_ unoer OS/YS and YM/CMS. PhQne: (301) 984~3636 user license Marketing Oept. SPSS $7000 Ist: SPSS "nd SPSS Graphics SPSS, Inc. year: $3500 anr"lual IBM 360,370,4300,OS,CMS: Option Interface 444 North /IIichigan Ave. renewal. SPSS DEC Systems lD,20,YAX; Many output devices cnicago, IllinOiS 60611 GI"I:i~hi"s$6000 Prime 400-750; univac 1100 Phone: (312) 329_2400 1st year; $400D ren;!wsl fee. GEISCO StatIl/Plotll 401 North Washington St. GUSCO time- Interface Ro~kville,MO 20850 sharing service GE1SCO Mark 1I1 servl~" Many output devices Phone: (600) 638-6730 rat~s l.P. Sharp AssocIates limIted uperplilt $1600 per IBI" 370 or IIny compahbi. zeta 1453, Tektronix 4662, Sharp APL and Superplot :2 First Canadian Place month or $40,000 machine (Le. IBM 3031, HP 7221 series, CalConp 81 statistics Library Interfaoe Suite 1900 one time fee. 30Bl, AMDAHL~7D, nEl, plotters; Tektronix 4013, 4015 Toronto, Ontario MX5 lE3 Canada Statistics $BOO/month HITACHI NilS) terminals; HP 264711, 7220 PhJne: (4.l.Q) 364_5361 or $20,000 one time ree series, 9872 seri~s.and oth~rs I"i1tegral"ecf-S-ortware

National Technical Information Ie/ll, CDC, DEC, Honeywell j Calcomp, versatec, Tektronix, Service $900 Univac, Cray, Burroughs, Zeta plotters; Tektronix Dataplot United States Dept. 01 commerce (one-tlme fe~) VA~JIMerdata, Data 40XX terminals; Tektronix Springfield, Virginia 22161 General, H~ 4112, ·4114 terminals PhQne; (703) 487-4807 Statistical Graphics Corp. $12,000 1st year; 1Ell' 360/370,3t3X, 3081 or St8tgraphics P.O. Box 1558 $800 annual 4300 series maoh!nc or Many outpu: devices Princeton, NJ 06540 renewal ree corrpatible system with APl Phone: (609) 924_9374 under VM/CMS or TSO. ell Laboratories HP 7221, iektronh 4662 S Packace Com~uterlnfornation Service U5a DEC PDP-11 and VAX plotters; Tektronix 600 Mountain Avenue (one~timefee) with UNIX version 6 or 7; 4006, 4010, 4012, 4014; Murray Hill, NJ 07974 also Berkeley UNIX HP 2623, 2648, Rarntek 6211; Phone: {:lOll 582_7330 Advanced Electronix OesiQn 512 ~roi

•• <. ___ ~ ., ••• ,~-,-,-,-"",.,-"'-o..>.... ., ._ ...... , ... '",., .. ".