Continent Zealandia
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Brooklyn College and Graduate School of the City University of NY, Brooklyn, NY 11210 and Northeastern Science Foundation Affiliated with Brooklyn College, CUNY, P.O
FLYSCH AND MOLASSE OF THE CLASSICAL TACONIC AND ACADIAN OROGENIES: MODELS FOR SUBSURFACE RESERVOIR SETTINGS GERALD M. FRIEDMAN Brooklyn College and Graduate School of the City University of NY, Brooklyn, NY 11210 and Northeastern Science Foundation affiliated with Brooklyn College, CUNY, P.O. Box 746, Troy, NY 12181 ABSTRACT This field trip will examine classical sections of the Appalachians including Cambro-Ordovician basin-margin and basin-slope facies (flysch) of the Taconics and braided and meandering stteam deposits (molasse) of the Catskills. The deep water settings are part of the Taconic sequence. These rocks include massive sandstones of excellent reservoir quality that serve as models for oil and gas exploration. With their feet, participants may straddle the classical Logan's (or Emmon 's) line thrust plane. The stream deposits are :Middle to Upper Devonian rocks of the Catskill Mountains which resulted from the Acadian Orogeny, where the world's oldest and largest freshwater clams can be found in the world's oldest back-swamp fluvial facies. These fluvial deposits make excellent models for comparable subsurface reservoir settings. INTRODUCTION This trip will be in two parts: (1) a field study of deep-water facies (flysch) of the Taconics, and (2) a field study of braided- and meandering-stream deposits (molasse) of the Catskills. The rocks of the Taconics have been debated for more than 150 years and need to be explained in detail before the field stops make sense to the uninitiated. Therefore several pages of background on these deposits precede the itinera.ry. The Catskills, however, do not need this kind of orientation, hence after the Taconics (flysch) itinerary, the field stops for the Catskills follow immediately without an insertion of background informa tion. -
Information Review for Protected Deep-Sea Coral Species in the New Zealand Region
INFORMATION REVIEW FOR PROTECTED DEEP-SEA CORAL SPECIES IN THE NEW ZEALAND REGION NIWA Client Report: WLG2006-85 November 2006 NIWA Project: DOC06307 INFORMATION REVIEW FOR PROTECTED DEEP-SEA CORAL SPECIES IN THE NEW ZEALAND REGION Authors Mireille Consalvey Kevin MacKay Di Tracey Prepared for Department of Conservation NIWA Client Report: WLG2006-85 November 2006 NIWA Project: DOC06307 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand Phone +64-4-386 0300, Fax +64-4-386 0574 www.niwa.co.nz © All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of the client. Such permission is to be given only in accordance with the terms of the client's contract with NIWA. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. Contents Executive Summary iv 1. Introduction 1 2. Corals 1 3. Habitat 3 4. Corals as a habitat 3 5. Major taxonomic groups of deep-sea corals in New Zealand 5 6. Distribution of deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region 9 7. Systematics of deep-sea corals in New Zealand 18 8. Reproduction and recruitment of deep-sea corals 20 9. Growth rates and deep-sea coral ageing 22 10. Fishing effects on deep-sea corals 24 11. Other threats to deep-sea corals 29 12. Ongoing research into deep-sea corals in New Zealand 29 13. Future science and challenges to deep-sea coral research in New Zealand 30 14. -
The Eighth Continent?
www.Breaking News English.com Ready-to-Use English Lessons by Sean Banville “1,000 IDEAS & ACTIVITIES Thousands more free lessons FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS” from Sean's other websites www.breakingnewsenglish.com/book.html www.freeeslmaterials.com/sean_banville_lessons.html Level 2 Zealandia – The eighth continent? 19th February, 2017 http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1702/170219-zealandia-2.html Contents The Reading 2 Phrase Matching 3 Listening Gap Fill 4 No Spaces 5 Survey 6 Writing and Speaking 7 Writing 8 Please try Levels 0, 1 and 3. They are (a little) harder. Twitter twitter.com/SeanBanville Facebook www.facebook.com/pages/BreakingNewsEnglish/155625444452176 Google + https://plus.google.com/+SeanBanville THE READING From http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1702/170219-zealandia-2.html We used to believe there were nine planets, but now there are eight (Pluto is not a planet). Now we may have to change how many continents there are. We are taught there are seven - Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Geologists now say there is an eighth continent - Zealandia. This is a big, largely underwater landmass in the Pacific Ocean. Six per cent of it is above water and is New Zealand and New Caledonia. The rest is under the ocean. It is five million square kilometres, which scientists say is big enough to be a continent. Geologists explained why Zealandia is a continent in a research paper in the Geological Society of America's Journal. They argue that the land does not have to be above water to be a continent. They said Zealandia is a continent because of four points: It is a lot higher than the area around it, it has a special geology, it is easy to see its shape, and it is thicker than the ocean floor. -
Redalyc.Lost Terranes of Zealandia: Possible Development of Late
Andean Geology ISSN: 0718-7092 [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Chile Adams, Christopher J Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the southwest Pacific margin of Gondwanaland, and their destination as terranes in southern South America Andean Geology, vol. 37, núm. 2, julio, 2010, pp. 442-454 Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173916371010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Andean Ge%gy 37 (2): 442-454. July. 2010 Andean Geology formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.scielo.cl/andgeol.htm Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the southwest Pacific margin of Gondwana land, and their destination as terranes in southern South America Christopher J. Adams GNS Science, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, New Zealand. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Latesl Precambrian to Ordovician metasedimentary suecessions and Cambrian-Ordovician and Devonian Carboniferous granitoids form tbe major par! oftbe basemenl of soutbem Zealandia and adjacenl sectors ofAntarctica and southeastAustralia. Uplift/cooling ages ofthese rocks, and local Devonian shallow-water caver sequences suggest tbal final consolidation oftbe basemenl occurred tbrough Late Paleozoic time. A necessary consequence oftlris process would have been contemporaneous erosion and tbe substantial developmenl of marine sedimentary basins al tbe Pacific margin of Zealandia. -
Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces (Lips): Distribution, Diversity and Significance
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 30, 2021 Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs): distribution, diversity and significance SARAJIT SENSARMA1*, BRYAN C. STOREY2 & VIVEK P. MALVIYA3 1Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India 2Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand 324E Mayur Residency Extension, Faridi Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226016, India *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Gondwana, comprising >64% of the present-day continental mass, is home to 33% of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and is key to unravelling the lithosphere–atmosphere system and related tectonics that mediated global climate shifts and sediment production conducive for life on Earth. Increased recognition of bimodal LIPs in Gondwana with significant, sometimes subequal, proportions of synchronous silicic volcanic rocks, mostly rhyolites to high silica rhyolites (±associ- ated granitoids) to mafic volcanic rocks is a major frontier, not considered in mantle plume or plate process hypotheses. On a δ18O v. initial 87Sr/86Sr plot for silicic rocks in Gondwana LIPs there is a remarkable spread between continental crust and mantle values, signifying variable contributions of crust and mantle in their origins. Caldera-forming silicic LIP events were as large as their mafic counterparts, and erupted for a longer duration (>20 myr). Several Gondwana LIPs erupted near the active continental margins, in addition to within-continents; rifting, however, continued even after LIP emplacements in several cases or was aborted and did not open into ocean by coeval com- pression. Gondwana LIPs had devastating consequences in global climate shifts and are major global sediment sources influencing upper continental crust compositions. -
IGA News No. 92
IGA NEWS Newsletter of the International Geothermal Association Quarterly No. 109 1 IGA ACTIVITIES CONTENTS IGA ACTIVITIES Message from the Executive Message from the Executive Director... 1 Director 41st GRC Annual Meeting… 2 Greetings to all members of the IGA and to those that 2nd Annual General Assembly of GEMex Project… 3 are reading this newsletter. As mentioned in our MEXIREC 2017 and REN21 SC Meeting… 5 previous writing, the IGA Board has developed a new strategy which will help us to strengthen the role of our AFRICA members and the wider geothermal energy community Djibouti: Kuwaiti Grant for Geothermal Program… 7 not only for our sector, but also in the wider context of Ethiopia: Japanese Grant, and Geothermal Projects … 7 the ongoing renewable energy and climate change Kenya: Several Geothermal Notes… 9 debate. Tanzania: CIF to Fund the Ngozi Project: … 11 The IGA has been very busy over the past months to AMERICAS initiate strategic activities aligned with our four Pillars: Chile: Two Notes… 12 &13 Visibility, Authority, Independence and Costa Rica: Miravalles Renamed, Loan at Risk… 14 Membership. In this newsletter I focus on Pillar Ecuador: Exploration at the Chachimbiro Project … 15 Visibility: it is with great pride that I can show you our Honduras: First Geothermal Plant in Operation… 15 new logo and visual identity for the IGA (see the right Latin America: 8 Projects to Be Granted by GDF… 16 upper part of this page). We thank Team Visibility Mexico: Old Well Flows & Portable Plant… 17 (Andy Blair, Jane Brotheridge, Kristin Vala United States: Several Notes… 18 Matthiasdottir, and Bjarni Bjarnasson) for their great ASIA / PACIFIC RIM work and support. -
Overview of Zealandia and Its Subduction Record
Overview of Zealandia and its subduction record Nick Mortimer, GNS Science, Dunedin, New Zealand GNS Science New Guinea SW Pacific geography Fiji New Caledonia Scattered, remote Australia islands Tasman 4 million people Sea New Near Australia Zealand 1000 km GNS Science SW Pacific bathymetry Fiji New Based on satellite Caledonia gravity Broad plateaus and ridges 1-2 km water depth New Zealand 1000 km Sandwell & Smith (1997), Stagpoole (2002) GNS Science SW Pacific 87 present day Fiji tectonics 77 New Caledonia 67 mm/yr • Pacific and Australian plates 53 • nearby pole of PAC plate rotation AUS plate New Zealand 38 • convergence variably oblique • subduction polarity 30 changes 1000 km Bird (2003) GNS Science OJP MP Zealandia • continent that is 95% submerged • rifted internally and on most margins 45-0 Ma 120-85 Ma • now on two plates PAC plate • Hikurangi Plateau adjacent AUS plate HP continental rock 85-55 Ma samples Median Batholith (Cambrian-Cret) Late Cret. MCCs 85-0 Ma Early Cret LIPs 45-0 Ma Preserved E Cret subduction zone 1000 km GNS Science Zealandia and Gondwana • ZLD on PAC and AUS plates PAC plate • match piercing points AUS plate HP • track fracture zones • rotation and translation 1000 km Sutherland (1995, 1999) GNS Science 1000 km 14 April 84,000,000 B.P. Gondwana reconstruction NG Just before major LP breakup episode MR QP KP Continental crust MP NewCal Oceanic crust NLHR AUST Hikurangi LIP SNR SLHR <85 Ma continental breakup D ZLND lines ET Chall STR IB HP Camp CR • Zealandia EANT WR was a ribbon continent WANT After Gaina et al. -
Serpent and Siva Worship and Mythology, in Central
SEEPENT AND SIYA WORSHIP AND MYTHOLOGY, IN CENTRAL AMERICA, AFRICA, AND ASIA, AND THE ORIGIN OF Serpent Worship. Copyright, 1877, by J. W. BOCTON. PREFACE. THE researches and explorations of travelers, scientists and learned investigators, are every day adding to our knowl- edge of the Serpent-Cultus. It is rising above the old conception O\^of an obscure and ill-defined superstition, to the dimensions of a ^\^ religion, distinctly outlined in its characteristic features, and by ^< no means without a recondite metaj^hysical basis. Not only did If the children of Israel burn incense to the symbolical animal from ^w Moses till Hezekiah, but the Hamitic races " from Memphis to ^^^iBabylon," and all indeed at the far East and remote West, who accepted as sacred, what Mr. Brown denominates, "The Great Dionysiak Myth." " From India's coral strand, Where Afric's sunny fountains f Roll down their golden sand ^ ; From many an ancient river, <»v From many a palmy plain," to the beech and birch forests of Scandinavia and the Frozen Ocean, and the remotest nooks of Polynesia and the American Continent, the Serpent, in all his forms, with hood, horns, or ^ rattles, has been venerated by the various tribes of men as a r>s god ! If he conducted to the tree of prohibited knowledge in H- the garden of Eden, he was also an ^sculapius, the healer of men '^^ in the wilderness of Sinai, the good spirit of many a world-relig- w ion, the source of diviner inspiration, and the imparter of the ^ highest, holiest, most essential life. -
Application of the ERAEF Approach to Chatham Rise Seamount Features
Development of seamount risk assessment: application of the ERAEF approach to Chatham Rise seamount features Malcolm R. Clark 1 Alan Williams 2 Ashley A. Rowden 1 Alistair J. Hobday 2 Mireille Consalvey 1 1NIWA Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6241 2CSIRO GPO Box 1538 Hobart Tasmania 7000 New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 74 2011 Published by Ministry of Fisheries Wellington 2011 ISSN 1176-9440 © Ministry of Fisheries 2011 Clark, M.R.; Williams, A.; Rowden, A.A.; Hobday, A.J.; Consalvey, M. (2011). Development of seamount risk assessment: application of the ERAEF approach to Chatham Rise seamount features. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 74. This series continues the Marine Biodiversity Biosecurity Report series which ceased with No. 7 in February 2005. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Clark, M.R.; Williams, A.; Rowden, A.A.; Hobday, A.J.; Consalvey, M. (2011). Development of seamount risk assessment: application of the ERAEF approach to Chatham Rise seamount features. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 74. Seamounts, knolls, and hills are common features of New Zealand’s marine environment. They can host fragile benthic invertebrate communities (e.g., cold-water corals) that are highly vulnerable to human impacts, especially bottom trawling. Commercial fisheries on seamount features for species such as orange roughy are widespread throughout the EEZ, and hence developing a risk assessment for seamount habitat from the effects of bottom trawling has been a focus of research projects supported by both the Ministry of Fisheries and Foundation for Research, Science & Technology. An approach to ecological risk assessment widely used by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority to assess Australian fisheries is the Ecological Risk Assessment for Effects of Fishing (ERAEF). -
GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Kermadec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean Polina Lemenkova
GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Kermadec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean Polina Lemenkova To cite this version: Polina Lemenkova. GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Ker- madec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geographia Technica, Cluj University Press, 2019, 14 (2), pp.39-48. 10.21163/GT_2019.142.04. hal-02333464 HAL Id: hal-02333464 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02333464 Submitted on 16 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Geographia Technica, Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2019, pp 39 to 48 GMT BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF THE KERMADEC AND TONGA TRENCHES, SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN Polina LEMENKOVA1 DOI: 10.21163/GT_2019.142.04 ABSTRACT: Current study is focused on the GMT based modelling of the two hadal trenches located in southwest Pacific Ocean, eastwards from Australia: Tonga and Kermadec. Due to its inaccessible location, the seafloor of the deep-sea trench can only be visualized using remote sensing tools and advanced algorithms of data analysis. The importance of the developing and technical improving of the innovative methods in cartographic data processing is indisputable. -
SCIENCE, SEAMOUNTS and SOCIETY Tony Watts on the Urgent Need for Increased Seafloor Mapping
SCIENTISTVOLUME 29 No. 07 ◆ AUGUST 2019 ◆ WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOThe Fellowship Magazine of the Geological Society of London @geoscientistmag A peak at planetary defence SCIENCE, SEAMOUNTS AND SOCIETY Tony Watts on the urgent need for increased seafloor mapping FALLING STARS GEOTOURSIM CONGLOMERATE CREDIT Douglas Palmer ponders To raise geology’s profile, Murray Gray Nina Morgan on the meteors, poetry and art pushes for a ‘Great Geosites’ project recognition of Anne Phillips WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | AUGUST 2019 | 1 Petroleum Geoscience The international journal of geoenergy and applied earth science Looking to the future AD SPACE XR++++END USE OF ALL FOSSIL FUELS++++XR We are pleased to announce that, during its 25th anniversary year, Petroleum Geoscience has decided to introduce a new series of papers on the theme of Energy Geoscience. Petroleum Geoscience already publishes papers on geoscience aspects of energy storage, CO2 storage and geothermal energy, although our current content is mainly research related to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Research focused on new and emerging topics, such as cyclic storage of gas or geothermal energy, will represent an increasing fraction of the Journal’s coverage and deserve a more specifi c home. By introducing the Energy Geoscience Series, we hope to create a channel for the anticipated growth in non-petroleum related aspects of geoenergy and applied earth science. We continue to invite papers on any aspect of geoenergy and applied earth science, but now authors are able to choose between submission under Energy Geoscience alongside the traditional categories under Petroleum Geoscience or one of the more specifi c Thematic Set topics we choose to run from time to time. -
The State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Corals in the New Zealand Region Di Tracey1 and Freya Hjorvarsdottir2 (Eds, Comps) © 2019
The state of knowledge of deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region Di Tracey1 and Freya Hjorvarsdottir2 (eds, comps) © 2019. All rights reserved. The copyright for this report, and for the data, maps, figures and other information (hereafter collectively referred to as “data”) contained in it, is held by NIWA is held by NIWA unless otherwise stated. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. While NIWA uses all reasonable endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the data, NIWA does not guarantee or make any representation or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy or completeness of the data, the use to which the data may be put or the results to be obtained from the use of the data. Accordingly, NIWA expressly disclaims all legal liability whatsoever arising from, or connected to, the use of, reference to, reliance on or possession of the data or the existence of errors therein. NIWA recommends that users exercise their own skill and care with respect to their use of the data and that they obtain independent professional advice relevant to their particular circumstances. NIWA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES NUMBER 84 ISSN 1173-0382 Citation for full report: Tracey, D.M. & Hjorvarsdottir, F. (eds, comps) (2019). The State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Corals in the New Zealand Region. NIWA Science and Technology Series Number 84. 140 p. Recommended citation for individual chapters (e.g., for Chapter 9.: Freeman, D., & Cryer, M. (2019). Current Management Measures and Threats, Chapter 9 In: Tracey, D.M.