CINDY LEE VAN DOVER March 2017
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2016 Book Reviews
Animal Behavior Society Outstanding Children’s Book Award 2016 Reviews of Winner and Finalist Books WINNER: The Queen’s Shadow: A Story About How Animals See, by Cybèle Young Published by Kids Can Press, 2015 Review by Dr. Jennifer Mather, University of Lethbridge The Queen’s Shadow is an enjoyable way to learn about the many aspect of vision in different animals, through a story. The queen has played host to a diverse group of animals in the palace, but during a thunderstorm she has lost her shadow. She accuses them of stealing it and, one by one, they explain why their particular perceptual abilities eliminate them from her accusation. Well, the squid say all his arms were busy…. On each double page, we hear how they perception of each animal actually works. In the end the sea urchins reveal that she ‘left her show in the loo’ and they all go home, with us much the wiser. Children liked the story, and learning about how animal see. FINALIST: Bite Into Bloodsuckers, by Kari-Lynn Winters and Ishta Mercurio Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2015 Review by Dr. Michelle Solensky, University of Jamestown Bite into bloodsuckers, by Kari-Lynn Winters and Ishta Mercurio (Fitzhenry & Whiteside) describes the benefits and challenges of hematophagy, or using blood as a food source, and features vivid behavioral accounts of the usual suspects (ticks, leeches, mosquitos and vampire bats) and some less familiar bloodsuckers (torpedo snail, catfish, kissing bugs). Vivid graphics pull the reader into the fascinating world of blood sucking, while the text provides an interesting and scientifically accurate and thorough description of the pros and cons of using blood as a primary or only food source. -
Microrna Mir-275 Is Indispensable for Blood Digestion and Egg
microRNA miR-275 is indispensable for blood digestion INAUGURAL ARTICLE and egg development in the mosquito Aedes aegypti Bart Bryant, Warren Macdonald, and Alexander S. Raikhel1 Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2009. Contributed by Alexander S. Raikhel, November 4, 2010 (sent for review October 1, 2010) The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of arboviral dis- Drosha to form the premiRNAs, which are then exported into eases, particularly of Dengue fever, of which there are more than the cytoplasm by Exportin-5. premiRNAs are cleaved by Dicer1 100 million cases annually. Mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti, serve (Dcr1), resulting in a miRNA/miRNA duplex. The mature as vectors for disease pathogens because they require vertebrate miRNA molecule is then loaded into an Argonaute (Ago) com- blood for their egg production. Pathogen transmission is tightly plex, which targets multiple mRNAs for either destruction or in- linked to repeated cycles of obligatory blood feeding and egg hibition of translation (9). In addition, some miRNAs are found in maturation. Thus, the understanding of mechanisms governing introns of genes and bypass Drosha processing (9). Since the egg production is necessary to develop approaches that limit the discovery of miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans (10, 11), numerous spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Previous studies have identi- studies have demonstrated their essential role in regulating de- fied critical roles of hormonal- and nutrition-based target of rapa- velopment, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and other critical bi- mycin (TOR) pathways in controlling blood-meal–mediated egg ological events in both animals and plants (12, 13). -
BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment). -
Molecular Evolutionary Trends and Feeding Ecology Diversification In
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/201731; this version posted October 11, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Molecular evolutionary trends and 2 feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, 3 anchored by the milkweed bug genome 4 5 6 Kristen A. Panfilio1, 2*, Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch1, Joshua B. Benoit3, Deniz 7 Erezyilmaz4, Yuichiro Suzuki5, Stefano Colella6, 7, Hugh M. Robertson8, Monica F. 8 Poelchau9, Robert M. Waterhouse10, 11, Panagiotis Ioannidis10, Matthew T. 9 Weirauch12, Daniel S.T. Hughes13, Shwetha C. Murali13, 14, 15, John H. Werren16, Chris 10 G.C. Jacobs17, 18, Elizabeth J. Duncan19, 20, David Armisén21, Barbara M.I. Vreede22, 11 Patrice Baa-Puyoulet6, Chloé S. Berger21, Chun-che Chang23, Hsu Chao13, Mei-Ju M. 12 Chen9, Yen-Ta Chen1, Christopher P. Childers9, Ariel D. Chipman22, Andrew G. 13 Cridge19, Antonin J.J. Crumière21, Peter K. Dearden19, Elise M. Didion3, Huyen 14 Dinh13, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni13, Amanda Dolan16, 24, Shannon Dugan13, 15 Cassandra G. Extavour25, 26, Gérard Febvay6, Markus Friedrich27, Neta Ginzburg22, Yi 16 Han13, Peter Heger28, Thorsten Horn1, Yi-min Hsiao23, Emily C. Jennings3, J. Spencer 17 Johnston29, Tamsin E. Jones25, Jeffery W. Jones27, Abderrahman Khila21, Stefan 18 Koelzer1, Viera Kovacova30, Megan Leask19, Sandra L. Lee13, Chien-Yueh Lee9, 19 Mackenzie R. Lovegrove19, Hsiao-ling Lu23, Yong Lu31, Patricia J. Moore32, Monica 20 C. Munoz-Torres33, Donna M. Muzny13, Subba R. Palli34, Nicolas Parisot6, Leslie 21 Pick31, Megan Porter35, Jiaxin Qu13, Peter N. Refki21, 36, Rose Richter16, 37, Rolando 22 Rivera Pomar38, Andrew J. -
Biodiversity and Trophic Ecology of Hydrothermal Vent Fauna Associated with Tubeworm Assemblages on the Juan De Fuca Ridge
Biogeosciences, 15, 2629–2647, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2629-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Biodiversity and trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent fauna associated with tubeworm assemblages on the Juan de Fuca Ridge Yann Lelièvre1,2, Jozée Sarrazin1, Julien Marticorena1, Gauthier Schaal3, Thomas Day1, Pierre Legendre2, Stéphane Hourdez4,5, and Marjolaine Matabos1 1Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, 29280 Plouzané, France 2Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada 3Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 9 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France 4Sorbonne Université, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France 5CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France Correspondence: Yann Lelièvre ([email protected]) Received: 3 October 2017 – Discussion started: 12 October 2017 Revised: 29 March 2018 – Accepted: 7 April 2018 – Published: 4 May 2018 Abstract. Hydrothermal vent sites along the Juan de Fuca community structuring. Vent food webs did not appear to be Ridge in the north-east Pacific host dense populations of organised through predator–prey relationships. For example, Ridgeia piscesae tubeworms that promote habitat hetero- although trophic structure complexity increased with ecolog- geneity and local diversity. A detailed description of the ical successional stages, showing a higher number of preda- biodiversity and community structure is needed to help un- tors in the last stages, the food web structure itself did not derstand the ecological processes that underlie the distribu- change across assemblages. -
Reproduction of Gastropods from Vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
JOBNAME: jsr 27#1 2008 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: Friday March 14 03:55:15 2008 tsp/jsr/159953/27-1-19 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, 107–118, 2008. provided by Woods Hole Open Access Server REPRODUCTION OF GASTROPODS FROM VENTS ON THE EAST PACIFIC RISE AND THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE PAUL A. TYLER,1* SOPHIE PENDLEBURY,1 SUSAN W. MILLS,2 LAUREN MULLINEAUX,2 KEVIN J. ECKELBARGER,3 MARIA BAKER1 AND CRAIG M. YOUNG4 1National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; 2Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543; 3Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, 193 Clark’s Cove Road. Walpole, Maine 04573; 4Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420 ABSTRACT The gametogenic biology is described for seven species of gastropod from hydrothermal vents in the East Pacific and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Species of the limpet genus Lepetodrilus (Family Lepetodrilidae) had a maximum unfertilized oocyte size of <90 mm and there was no evidence of reproductive periodicity or spatial variation in reproductive pattern. Individuals showed early maturity with females undergoing gametogenesis at less than one third maximum body size. There was a power relationship between shell length and fecundity, with a maximum of ;1,800 oocytes being found in one individual, although individual fecundity was usually <1,000. Such an egg size might be indicative of planktotrophic larval development, but there was never any indication of shell growth in larvae from species in this genus. -
Genetic Divergence Between Populations of Feral and Domestic Forms of a Mosquito Disease Vector Assessed by Transcriptomics
Genetic divergence between populations of feral and domestic forms of a mosquito disease vector assessed by transcriptomics Dana C. Price and Dina M. Fonseca Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA ABSTRACT Culex pipiens, an invasive mosquito and vector of West Nile virus in the US, has two morphologically indistinguishable forms that diVer dramatically in behavior and physiology. Cx. pipiens form pipiens is primarily a bird-feeding temperate mosquito, while the sub-tropical Cx. pipiens form molestus thrives in sewers and feeds on mammals. Because the feral form can diapause during the cold winters but the domestic form cannot, the two Cx. pipiens forms are allopatric in northern Europe and, although viable, hybrids are rare. Cx. pipiens form molestus has spread across all inhabited continents and hybrids of the two forms are common in the US. Here we elucidate the genes and gene families with the greatest divergence rates between these phenotypically diverged mosquito populations, and discuss them in light of their potential biological and ecological eVects. After generating and assembling novel transcriptome data for each population, we performed pairwise tests for nonsynony- mous divergence (Ka) of homologous coding sequences and examined gene ontology terms that were statistically over-represented in those sequences with the greatest divergence rates. We identified genes involved in digestion (serine endopeptidases), innate immunity (fibrinogens and α-macroglobulins), hemostasis (D7 salivary pro- teins), olfaction (odorant binding proteins) and chitin binding (peritrophic matrix Submitted 13 November 2014 Accepted 9 February 2015 proteins). By examining molecular divergence between closely related yet phenotypi- Published 26 February 2015 cally divergent forms of the same species, our results provide insights into the identity Corresponding authors of rapidly-evolving genes between incipient species. -
Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects Naser A. Anjum Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh – 202 002 U.P. (India) e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] SCOPUS author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23097123400 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 Abstract The world is puzzling over the origin of the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by a novel coronavirus-2019 (2019-nCoV). As of 25th March 2020, the World Health Organization has reported 4,14,179 confirmed cases and 18,440 confirmed deaths in total due to COVID-19. To this end, two unique mammals namely bats and pangolins are being investigated for their potential link to COVID-19. However, the evidence so far gathered in this context is far from clear. This paper aimed to: (i) enlighten the major aspects of life of bats and pangolins; (ii) briefly discusses their potential link to COVID-19; and also (iii) to highlight the way forward. The outcomes may contribute to future research on the subject. Keywords Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; bat, pangolin Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 1. Introduction In humans, several respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are known to be due a large family of viruses called as coronaviruses. -
A Functional Trait Perspective on the Biodiversity of Hydrothermal Vent Communities
FDvent: A functional trait perspective on the biodiversity of hydrothermal vent communities SCOR Working Group Proposal Title: A FUNCTIONAL TRAIT PERSPECTIVE ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMMUNITIES Acronym: FDvent Abstract: Species diversity measures based on taxonomy, and more recently on molecular data, dominate our view of global biodiversity patterns. However, consideration of species functional traits, such as size, feeding ecology and habitat use, can provide insights into biodiversity patterns by representing how communities contribute to ecosystem processes. Moreover response traits, characteristics linked to how species respond to environmental change, have been linked to the processes underpinning community recovery following disturbance. We propose identifying functional traits for the global vent species pool to provide the first quantification of spatial and temporal patterns in functional diversity in this unique ecosystem. We will use expert knowledge and a literature review to identify both effect and response functional traits, and retrieve data for diverse macrofaunal and meiofaunal taxa. Our aim, given that trait-based measures provide a means to directly compare communities with species arising from different evolutionary trajectories, is to test whether vent communities from different biogeographic provinces display functional convergence while accounting for the geological and chemical settings. We will further test for change in functional diversity following the formation of new vents and disturbance events. This knowledge is critical for environmental management, given that hydrothermal vents are presently targeted for mineral resource exploitation by 2017. Our proposed working group will build an open-access traits database and offer a novel perspective on global biodiversity and succession patterns in vent communities. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Science Volume 1 of 1 Life-history biology and biogeography of invertebrates in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments by Verity Nye Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Science Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy LIFE-HISTORY BIOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF INVERTEBRATES IN DEEP-SEA CHEMOSYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS Verity Nye Globally-distributed, insular and ephemeral deep-sea hydrothermal vents with their endemic faunas provide ‘natural laboratories’ for studying the processes that shape global patterns of marine life. The continuing discovery of hydrothermal vents and their faunal assemblages has yielded hundreds of new species and revealed several biogeographic provinces, distinguished by differences in the taxonomic composition of their assemblages. -
Role of Thermal Conditions in Habitat Selection by Hydrothermal Vent Gastropods
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 305: 1–15, 2005 Published December 23 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE Role of thermal conditions in habitat selection by hydrothermal vent gastropods Amanda E. Bates1,*, Verena Tunnicliffe1, Raymond W. Lee2 1Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3N5, Canada 2School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA ABSTRACT: Habitat selection by 3 Juan de Fuca Ridge gastropod species relates to their thermal environ- ment. Both collections and images taken along tran- sects document the small-scale abundance patterns of each species with respect to temperature and distance from vent flows. Lepetodrilus fucensis and Depressi- gyra globulus were most abundant at distances from vent flows of 0 to 25 cm in warm fluids with high tem- perature variability (10 ± 5°C) over several time scales. Both species were also abundant at 26 to 50 cm, where temperatures were lower with less variability (4 ± 1°C). Provanna variabilis was most abundant from 51 to 75 cm, where temperatures were stable (3 ± 0.5°C). All species were absent where maximum fluid tempera- tures reached 18°C and their substratum coverage was related to temperature. When presented with a choice Hydrothermal vent limpets form prominent stacks at densities –2 in vent fluids from 10 to 2°C, L. fucensis and D. globu- as high as 300 000 ind. m in the mixing zone between lus moved to areas with temperatures above 5°C, while hydrothermal and deep-sea fluids. Although mean tempera- tures at their habitat are moderate, the limpets are exposed to P. -
An Overview of Ectoparasites on Domestic Animals in Ethiopia
Open Access Review Article J Veter Sci Med January 2018 Volume 6 Issue 1 © All rights are reserved by Shiferaw S. Journal of An Overview of Ectoparasites on Veterinary Science Domestic Animals in Ethiopia & Medicine Solomon Shiferaw* Keywords: Control; Domestic animals; Ectoparasite; Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia Abstract *Address for Correspondence Domestic animals are important contributors to food production Solomon Shiferaw, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, in Ethiopia, providing meat, milk and an income generation for the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, country’s farming system. Rearing of domestic animals are practiced by Ambo, Ethiopia, E-mail: [email protected] the majority of the farming communities in which they are considered Submission: 15 December 2017 as an investment and insurance against risk and to meet seasonal and Accepted: 22 January 2018 emergency purchases such as crop, improved seed, fertilizers and Published: 29 January 2018 medicine. Animals that have high fertility and short generation interval which means that milk production begins five or six month after initial Copyright: © 2018 Shiferaw S. This is an open access article distributed mating and that the first carcass may be on sale in less than one year is under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits their economic, managerial and biological advantages. Besides that unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided domestic animals are also source of manure to fertile soil and skin, the the original work is properly cited. most important items that generate foreign currency to the country. However, animal’s production is constrained by compound effect of disease, poor feeding and poor management.