Electric Power Steering Systems

www.jtekt.co.jp

OFFICES JTEKT CORPORATION OF U.S.A. PT. JTEKT INDONESIA -Cleveland Office- Surya Cipta City of Industry Jalan Surya Madya Kav.I-27B 29570 Clemens Road, P.O.Box 45028, Westlake, Karawang 41363, INDONESIA OH 44145, U.S.A. TEL : 62-267-8610-270 TEL : 1-440-835-1000 FAX : 62-267-8610-271 FAX : 1-440-835-9347 JTEKT MALAYSIA SDN. BHD. -Detroit Office- No.8, Jalan Palam 34/18A, Taman Perindustrian Pak Chun, 47771 Halyard Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, U.S.A. Seksyen 34 40470 Shah Alam. Selangor, MALAYSIA TEL : 1-734-454-1500 FAX : 1-734-454-4076 JTEKT KOREA CO., LTD. Seoul Head Office Inwoo Building 6F, 539-11 Shinsa-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, JTEKT NORTH AMERICA CORPORATION Seoul, KOREA 47771 Halyard Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, U.S.A. TEL : 82-2-549-7922 TEL : 1-734-454-1500 FAX : 82-2-549-7923 FAX : 1-734-454-7059 TAIWAN JTEKT CO.,LTD. JTEKT AUTOMOTIVE NORTH AMERICA INC. NO.23,Guangfu N.Road, Hukou Township,Hsinchu, 47771 Halyard Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, U.S.A. Country 303,TAIWAN TEL : 1-734-454-1500 TEL : 886-3-597-2453 FAX : 886-3-597-4687 FAX : 1-734-454-7059 ( ) KOYO MEXICANA, S.A. DE C.V. JTEKT CHINA CO., LTD. Shanghai Branch Room 25A2, V-Capital Building.333 Xianxia Road, Av. Insurgentes Sur 2376-505, Col. Chimalistac, Changning District, Shanghai CHINA C.P. 01070, Del. Álvaro Obregón, México, D.F. MEXICO TEL : 86-21-5178-1000 TEL : 52-55-5207-3860 FAX : 86-21-5178-1008 FAX : 52-55-5207-3873 ( ) KOYO ROLAMENTOS DO BRASIL LTDA. JTEKT CHINA CO., LTD. Beijing Branch Av. Reboucas 2472 Jardim America, Sao Paulo-SP, BRASIL Room 1012, Fortune Building, No.5 Dong San TEL : 55-11-3372-7500 Huan North Road, Chaoyang-District, Beijing, CHINA FAX : 55-11-3887-3039 TEL : 86-10-6538-8070 FAX : 86-10-6538-8077 JTEKT (THAILAND) CO., LTD. JTEKT EUROPE S.A.S. (FRANCE) 172/1 Moo 12 Tambol Bangwua, Amphur Bangpakong, Zone Industrielle du Broteau, B.P.1, 69540 Irigny, FRANCE Chachoengsao,24180, THAILAND TEL : 33-4-7239-4444 TEL : 66-38-533-310~7 FAX : 33-4-7851-2188 FAX : 66-38-532-776 JTEKT AUTOMOTIVE (THAILAND) CO., LTD. JTEKT EUROPE BEARINGS B.V. Benelux Branch Office Energieweg 10a, 2964 LE Groot-Ammers, THE NETHERLANDS 107 Moo 4 T.Pluakdaeng A.Pluakdaeng Rayong 21140, TEL : 31-184-606800 THAILAND FAX : 31-184-606857 TEL : 66-38-954320 FAX : 66-38-954321

PUBLISHER JTEKT CORPORATION NAGOYA HEAD OFFICE No.7-1, Meieki 4-chome, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 450-8515, JAPAN TEL:81-52-527-1900 FAX:81-52-527-1911

JTEKT CORPORATION OSAKA HEAD OFFICE No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPAN TEL:81-6-6271-8451 FAX:81-6-6245-3712

Sales & Marketing Headquarters No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPAN TEL:81-6-6245-6087 FAX:81-6-6244-9007

CAT.NO.S1001E Printed in Japan '14.03-2CCH('13.11) CAT.NO.S1001E Safer, More Reliable Power Steering Systems Safety, Comfort & Ecology SAFETY COMFORT ECOLOGY Reliability backed by experience, immeasurable sensitivity and technologies, and energy-saving features in tune with the times to Customers Worldwide

Proudly No.1 in the Global Market One in three vehicles is equipped with JTEKT electric power steering (EPS) Share No.1 GLOBAL NETWORK EPS:29%*(C-EPS:39%) Unit : 10,000 Unit : 10,000t (CO2) 1 2000 100 3 RP-EPS PRODUCTION QUANTITY 1 90 1 1 Quantity of carbon dioxide reduction 6 1988 2004 2011 80 1 Start of production 1500 Start of production Start of production EUROPE 2 JAPAN of C-EPS (For small car) of RD-EPS of DP-EPS 70 2001 2002 NORTH Start of production 60 Start of production The World First of E-VGR AMERICA of C-EPS Our goal is sensational driving experiences – JTEKT 1000 (For compact car) 50 1991 1994 40 ASIA Start of production Start of production of H-EPS of P-EPS A Feeling of Unity between Driver and Car, 30 500 Start of Manual Steering 20 and Steering Feel That Stimulates the Senses... 2 SOUTH 17 Start of 10 2 AMERICA 2 Power Steering 1 "Driving," "Cornering" and "Stopping." 5 1960 1970 1980 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014 2016 2018 Of the three basic vehicle performance functions, our forte is "Cornering."

Committed to producing superior steering equipment, EPS start of production overseas 2007 China / Thailand 2011 Indonesia 1998 Europe 2001 North America JTEKTJTEKT has developed been conducting the world's activities first electric to ensurepower steering compliance (EPS ) system in 1988. 2009 India withToday, functional our products safety hold standards No. 1 market in accordance share around the globe. with ISO26262 Road Vehicles Requirements – Functional Safety since 2005. ・Project ・ Automobile ownership layer expands Demand for higher fuel efficiency increases Demand for higher fuel efficiency increases even more management management Specifications ・Labor ・ Social change Front-engine management management / Front-wheel-drive adopted Regulations Stricter CO2 regulations Sales of vehicles equipped Increase in vehicles equipped with engine-stop idling Automobile technology for compact passenger cars for light vehicles (660cc) change with collision avoidance system begins moves ahead More electric vehicles enter the market trends Increase in Introduction of green taxation plan Sales of vehicles equipped Sales of electric vehicles begins hybrid electric vehicles JC08 mode fuel consumption indicator introduced ・Process with airbags begins (Prius launched) management ・Structure Ensuring the Delivery of Safer, management Japan Europe More Reliable Steering trends Manual Hydraulic power steering Hydraulic power steering Electric power steering Electric power steering in high output range Power Steering Systems 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

America

Development Activities streamlined process using management tool introduced (2013) (2011) ( ) Global organization Proposal of optimal electric power steering EPS system considering safety, comfort and ecology established Activities started As the world's No.1 contributor to the environment,※ JTEKT a comprehensive steering systems manufacturer committed to providing optimal systems that match vehicle use/purpose by ensuring products are well-balanced in all areas; from quality, cost and delivery to safety, comfort and ecology. ( ) (2005) 2009

※ JTEKT is world No. 1 in contributing to the environment. Our EPS systems have top market share, offer superior fuel efficiency and contribute to environmental conservation to the highest degree. We are also working to improve the environmental efficiency of conventional hydraulic power steering systems.

Electric Power Steering Systems 03 / 04 H-EPS Basic steering operation A Confident, Relaxing Driving Experience… ● Excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized using Steering wheel is turned. an energy-saving hydraulic power steering system equipped with an electric pump. 1 Steering wheel That's what our steering systems provide ● Extremely flexible installation and ability to use for EV driving realized by adopting an independent electric pump. Interface used by the driver to transmit Reliability backed by ● desired directionExcellent of travel steering to the steeringfeel and improved fuel efficiency realized through optimum discharge setting (MAP) and special valve tuning. experience system. 2 The force input to the steering wheel (torque) twists the torsion bar. SAFETY

3 Torsion bar twisting is detected as a Steering System Features torque signal by the torque sensor Steering and input into the ECU. Column Steering System Configuration Electric pump / ECU force Range of use (power pack) 1 ＋ Intermediate shaft Definition of steering system: Components used to control (steer) the direction a vehicle is moving; in short, Helical gear reduces pulsation, and compact / lightweight design realized the equipment for changing the direction of the tires. HPS gear 0 Torque signal Torque

Hydraulic power steering - - 0 ＋ (HPS) gear Torsion bar twist H-EPS system Steering column ECU adds electric current to the Attaches the steering wheel axle inside the cabin, and is equipped Electric pump / ECU4 (power pack) with an energy absorption mechanism to dissipate impact energy motor based on torque signal and JTEKT responds to and reduce injury to the driver at the time of a collision. Comfortable steering feel realized vehicle speed. market demand in Intermediate shaft by optimal tuning of low-flow valve Shaft connecting the steering column to the pinion gear. Immeasurable Motor electric current Motor electric current (A) sensitivity support of a (Motor rotating torque) and technologies 2 Torsion bar vehicle society of Metal bar that is twisted according to the steering force input by the driver. (Turning left) (Turning right) COMFORT Torque sensor ０ Torque signal tomorrow as a 3 High vehicle speed Detects the amount of torque generated when the torsion E-VGR steering system supplier. bar is twisted. Low vehicle speed ● Variable steering-angle ratio system combining vehicle stability and steering performance. ● Steering performance improved by increasing steering angle ratio at low speed. ● Straight-line driving stability improved by decreasing steering-angle ratio at high speed. 5 Motor rotating torque is increased by ● Vehicle stability improved by activating low-friction moment, etc. the reduction gear and transmitted to the pinion.

6 Rack-and-pinion gear Pinion rotating torque (supplemental Converts the rotating motion of the steering wheel 6 Rack axial force input by the driver to straight horizontal movement to steering torque) on the power-assist the rack bar via the pinion gear (force applied to change tire direction) side and pinion rotating torque (steering rotating torque) on the 4 ECU steering-wheel side are converted to Calculates the amount of power-assist required System combination: rack axial force to change tire according to driver’s steering force and vehicle Energy-saving speed signal. E-VGR + RD-EPS direction. upon request Motor Pinion rotating torque on power-assist side with the times Outputs rotating torque according to the required Pinion rotating torque on JTEKT products not only realize steering performance matching vehicle requirements (e.g., body, suspension, power-assist calculated. steering-wheel side Rack axial tires, brakes and drive-train), our steering systems act as a human-machine interface where the driver's intentions force ECOLOGY 5 are delivered to the vehicle and supplemental/accurate information is transmitted back to the driver, making it Reduction減速機 gear モータの回転トルクを増幅させ、Gear mechanism that increases the rotational Pinion possible for the driver to feel "happier," "safer" and "more comfortable" when driving the vehicle. ピニオンギヤへ伝達する歯車機構torque generated by the motor and transmits it to Pinion the pinion gear.

Electric Power Steering Systems 01 / 02 Electric Power Steering Systems 0511 / 0612 DP-EPS RP-EPS JTEKT Steering Systems ● Rack-assist realizes excellent steering feel with high rigidity and superior dynamic performance. ● Rack-assist realizes excellent steering feel with high rigidity and superior dynamic performance. ● System structure with flexible mounting freedom realized by separating the assist unit from the steering wheel axle. ● Easier installation realized with adoption of high-output, compact reduction gear. ● Enhanced degree of freedom in specific stroke on the steering-wheel side realized by ● System with excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized through the application adopting an optimal design to reinforce the assist unit. of proven technologies. ● System with excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized through the application of proven technologies.

Standard System Proposal

Rack force (kN) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Vehicle segment UA/A B C D E F Column Reduction gear Motor / ECU Torque sensor

SUV/P-UP

UA/A B C D E F SUV/P-UP

Anti-backlash system realizes both low friction and Rack-and-pinion gear Rack-and-pinion gear Steering ★ : Recommended quiet performance. system ★ Stable operation and Installation flexibility improved thanks to Pinion with dual-axle support realizes stable Compact, lightweight, high-efficiency High-strength, high rigidity realized Compact, simple, high-performance sensor Column C-EPS -assist high collision safety performance realized orthogonal/cross-type setup for worm gear. rack behavior integrated motor / ECU resistant to water resistant to water realized Application range

Torque sensor P-EPS DP-EPS DP-EPS system Rack ★ -assist RP-EPS RD-EPS Application range H-EPS Column Column

JTEKT EPS systems are compatible for most automobiles, from small vehicles to large SUVs Reduction gear

Compact, simple, high-performance sensor World's smallest packaging developed using Intermediate shaft resistant to water realized exclusive bearing design. Intermediate shaft RD-EPS mass-production experience accumulated for more than 10 years utilized to develop a new Motor / ECU ball screw configuration with excellent System Features by Type noise/vibration (NV) performance.

Column-assist Rack-assist Torque sensor Torque sensor Since the motor and ECU are inside the cabin, Excellent steering performance Rack-and-pinion gear waterproofing is not required and as the result of minimal friction between there is no influence on engine and the time of turning the steering wheel and Motor / ECU transmission layout. start of rack movement. Intermediate shaft Reduction gear Compact, lightweight, high-efficiency Combined sliding load and rigidity integrated motor / ECU resistant to water Optimum steering system Optimum steering system system for medium- to large-sized vehicles Motor / ECU RP-EPS for compact vehicles with small rack force that require better steering performance Rack-and-pinion gear Reduction gear

Electric Power Steering Systems 09 / 10 C-EPS RD-EPS H-EPS Basic steering operation

Excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized using Ideal for compact vehicles with small engine compartment: power-assist unit is located in the steering column ● 1 Steering wheel is turned. ● ● Rack-assist realizes superior direct-response steering feel. an energy-saving hydraulic power steering system equipped with an electric pump. Introduced as the world's first EPS in 1988 Steering wheel ● ● Superior energy-saving system has less reduction gear loss and high machine efficiency. ● Extremely flexible installation and ability to use for EV driving realized by adopting an independent electric pump. Interface used by the driver to transmit ● Superior safety, comfort and environmental performance based on technologies and System with excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized through desired direction● Excellent of travel steering to the steeringfeel and improved fuel efficiency realized through optimum discharge setting (MAP) and special valve tuning. ● The force input to the steering wheel experience accumulated since its introduction the application of proven technologies. system. 2 (torque) twists the torsion bar.

3 Torsion bar twisting is detected as a torque signal by the torque sensor Steering and input into the ECU. Intermediate shaft Column Column Electric pump / ECU force Range of use (power pack) 1 ＋ Intermediate shaft Column Motor / ECU Helical gear reduces pulsation, and compact / lightweight design realized HPS gear 0 Motor / Reduction gear Motor signal Torque Hydraulic power steering Layout with rack and motor - ( ) - 0 ＋ on the same axle realizes direct-response feel HPS gear Torsion bar twist H-EPS system Reduction gear ECU adds electric current to the Rack-and-pinion gear Electric pump / ECU4 (power pack) Adoption of high-precision ball screw realizes RD-EPS system motor based on torque signal and Stable operation and Compact, lightweight, high-efficiency High-strength and high rigidity realized extremely quiet performance and excellent Comfortable steering feel realized vehicle speed. high collision safety performance realized integrated motor / ECU steering feel by optimal tuning of low-flow valve

Motor electric current Motor electric current (A) (Motor rotating torque) C-EPS system (Turning left) (Turning right) ０ Torque signal High vehicle speed Column P-EPS E-VGR Low vehicle speed

Torque sensor ● Rack-assist realizes excellent steering feel with high rigidity and superior dynamic performance. ● Variable steering-angle ratio system combining vehicle stability and steering performance. Reduction gear Small/compact system adopted in response the engine room environment. Steering performance improved by increasing steering angle ratio at low speed. Torque sensor ● ● ● System with excellent safety, comfort and environmental performance realized through ● Straight-line driving stability improved Compact and simple design and the application of proven technologies. by decreasing steering-angle ratio at high speed. Motor rotating torque is increased by high performance realized Motor / ECU 5 ● Vehicle stability improved by activating low-friction moment, etc. the reduction gear and transmitted Intermediate shaft to the pinion. Motor / ECU Reduction gear Rack-and-pinion gear Pinion rotating torque (supplemental Column Converts the rotating motion of the steering wheel 6 P-EPS system input by the driver to straight horizontal movement to steering torque) on the power-assist the rack bar via the pinion gear side and pinion rotating torque (steering rotating torque) on the 4 ECU steering-wheel side are converted to Motor / ECU Intermediate shaft Calculates the amount of power-assist required System combination: rack axial force to change tire according to driver’s steering force and vehicle speed signal. direction. Intermediate shaft E-VGR + RD-EPS Motor Pinion rotating torque on Rack-and-pinion gear power-assist side Low friction and quiet performance realized Combined sliding load and rigidity Compact, lightweight, high-efficiency Outputs rotating torque according to the required Pinion rotating torque on power-assist calculated. integrated motor / ECU resistant to water Torque sensor steering-wheel side Rack axial force Reduction gear 5 Reduction gear Gear mechanism that increases the rotational Pinion Rack-and-pinion gear torque generated by the motor and transmits it to Pinion the pinion gear.

Electric Power Steering Systems 07 / 08 Electric Power Steering Systems 1105 / 1206 Safer, More Reliable Power Steering Systems Advanced Research &Development Facilities for Producing Next-generation EPS Systems to Customers Worldwide JTEKT R&D centers exchange information around the world, enabling the company to accurately understand market demand and provide the newest/best/optimal systems to meet the diversified needs of our customers. X-Ray CT Scanner Driving simulator GLOBAL NETWORK 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 EUROPE 2 JAPAN Vehicle evaluation in cold regions Design backed by analytical data NORTH AMERICA Our goal is sensational driving experiences – JTEKT A Feeling of Unity between Driver and Car, ASIA

and Steering Feel That Stimulates the Senses... 2 Electromagnetic Anechoic Chamber Steering Column Impact Testing Apparatus Power Steering System 17 Energy Consumption SOUTH Measuring Apparatus 2 AMERICA 2 1 "Driving," "Cornering" and "Stopping." 5 Of the three basic vehicle performance functions, our forte is "Cornering." Committed to producing superior steering equipment, Iga Proving Ground Enables Testing / Evaluations Simulating Roads Worldwide JTEKT has been conducting activities to ensure compliance JTEKT developed the world's first electric power steering (EPS) system in 1988. Fully utilizing our knowledge as a world-leading systems supplier, JTEKT conducts driving evaluations and analyses of products installed in with functional safety standards in accordance vehicles. We exhaustively pursue the highest standards in product safety and operation on a test course capable of simulating various road Today, our products hold No. 1 market share around the globe. and weather conditions around the world. As a total systems supplier, our highest value is to provide our customers with products that deliver with ISO26262 Road Vehicles outstanding performance and the best quality that help to make automobiles that are more than just fun to drive. Straight-line Course Winding Course ・Project ・Requirements A B – Functional Safety since 2005. management management ■ JTEKT Iga Proving Ground ・Specifications ・Labor ・Site area: 500,000m2 management management ・Course area: 170,000m2 ・Combined circuit length: 2,200m ・Dynamics pad area: 54,000m2 ・Process management ・Structure Ensuring the Delivery of Safer, management Japan Europe More Reliable B Power Steering Systems E

C America A D F Development Activities streamlined process using management tool Fording Course Dynamics Pad Noise Evaluation Course Administration / Maintenance Building introduced (2013) D E F C (2011) Global organization Activities started established ( ) (2005) 2009

Electric Power Steering Systems 13 / 14 www.jtekt.co.jp

PUBLISHER JTEKT CORPORATION NAGOYA HEAD OFFICE No.7-1, Meieki 4-chome, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 450-8515, JAPAN TEL:81-52-527-1900 FAX:81-52-527-1911

JTEKT CORPORATION OSAKA HEAD OFFICE No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPAN TEL:81-6-6271-8451 FAX:81-6-6245-3712

Sales & Marketing Headquarters No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPAN TEL:81-6-6245-6087 FAX:81-6-6244-9007

CAT.NO.S1001E Printed in Japan '14.03-2CCH('13.11) CAT.NO.S1001E