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WO 2016/026978 Al 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) P O P C T

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WO 2016/026978 Al 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) P O P C T (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/026978 Al 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Λ 61Κ 31/12 (2006.01) A61K 31/41 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/165 (2006.01) A61P 25/30 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, A61K 31/216 (2006.01) A61P 25/32 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, A61K 31/381 (2006.01) G01N 33/50 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, A61K 31/404' (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (21) International Application Number: MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PCT/EP20 15/069304 PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (22) International Filing Date: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, 24 August 2015 (24.08.2015) TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (26) Publication Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (30) Priority Data: TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 14306304.8 22 August 2014 (22.08.2014) EP TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicants: UNIVERSITE NICE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, [FR/FR]; 28 avenue Valrose, 06103 Nice Cedex 2 (FR). SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIEN- GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). TIFIQUE [FR/FR]; 3 rue Michel Ange, 75016 Paris (FR). INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET Published: DE LA RECHERCHE MEDIC ALE) [FR/FR]; 101 rue — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) de Tolbiac, 7501 3 Paris (FR). — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the (72) Inventors: SANDOZ, Guillaume; 8 avenue des Palmiers, claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of F-06160 Juan les Pins (FR). COMOGLIO, Yannick; amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) Quartier Plan Gast, 06450 Roquebilliere (FR). (74) Agent: CABINET BECKER ET ASSOCIES; 25, rue Louis le Grand, 75002 Paris (FR). 00 l © o- (54) Title: METHODS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING DRUG ADDICTION (57) Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating drug addiction, preferably al- coholism, ecstasy addiction or cocaine addiction, in a subject in need thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for treating drug addiction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering the subject with a TREK agonist, particularly a TREK1 and/or TREK2 agonist. METHODS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING DRUG ADDICTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating drug addiction in a subject in need thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one's behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death (definition of the American Society of Addiction Medicine). Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing condition with a multifactorial etiology that includes genetic, neurobiological, psychological and environmental components. For a long time, psychological and behavior therapies have been considered the most effective long-term treatments. However, understanding of neurobiological mechanisms now permits to envisage promising pharmacotherapies for drug addiction. Since some decades, the research of medications for treating addictive disorders has increased. Although there are now promising therapeutic approaches for drug addiction, only a few of medications are approved for use in human; these treatments show benefit effects only for a few population of patients and important side effects. Thus, there is a substantial need for innovative therapeutic strategies for drug addictions. Alcoholism is an example of drug addiction and constitutes a real health problem. The management of alcoholism is today still a stake for scientists and physicians, as the available treatments are not effective enough or involve important side effects. Baclofen is a GABAB agonist drug approved for muscle spasms and cerebral spasticity. The use of baclofen is proposed for alcohol withdrawal symptoms and as an abstinence-promoting agent in alcohol-dependent subjects although its benefit effects are controverted; this molecule is also used for the treatment of cocaine addiction. However, baclofen shows several types of side effects such as sedation, nauseas, muscular weakness and pain and depression. Thus, new therapeutic approaches that permit to increase the ratio benefit/side effect are still needed. In 2012, Sandoz et al. showed that TREKl contributes to the hippocampal GABAB response using baclofen (Sandoz et al, Neuron, 2012 June 21; 74(6): 1005- 1014). This document shows that TREKl is an indirect target of baclofen. However, it does neither show nor suggest that TREKl and/or TREK2 is a target of alcohol. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a TREK agonist for use for treating drug addiction. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a TREK agonist for use for treating alcoholism, more preferably chronic alcoholism. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a TREK agonist for use for treating ecstasy or cocaine addiction. In a particular embodiment, said TREK agonist is a direct TREK agonist. Preferably, the TREK agonist is a TREKl and/or a TREK2 agonist, preferably a direct TREKl and/or TREK2 agonist. In another particular embodiment, the TREK agonist is not a GABAB agonist. In a further preferred embodiment, the TREK agonist does not bind a GABAB receptor. The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one TREK agonist of the invention for treating drug addiction, preferably alcoholism, ecstasy addiction or cocaine addiction. The invention also provides a method for screening candidate compounds useful for treating drug addiction, preferably alcoholism, ecstasy addiction or cocaine addiction comprising a step (a) of testing each of the candidate compounds for its ability to activate at least one TREK channel and a step (b) of positively selecting the candidate compound(s) capable of activatiing said at least one TREK channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1. TREKl is inhibited by protracted but not acute primary alcohol application. (A, B) Effect of acute primary alcohol application on TREKl current. (A) Representative example of TREKl current stability following brief (~1 minute) primary alcohol application in HEK 293T cells. (B) Summary of effect of acute primary alcohol application on TREKl current. Current was elicited by voltage-ramps (from -100 to 50 mV, Is in duration). Inset, normalized TREKl current density after acute primary alcohol application. (C) Effect of protracted primary alcohol application on TREKl current in HEK 293T cells. Current was elicited by voltage-ramps (from - 100 to 50 mV, Is in duration). Inset, normalized TREKl current densities after acute primary alcohol application. (D) Effect of protracted butan-2-ol application. Insets, TREKl current densities before and after protracted butan-2-ol application are shown. (E) Summary of normalized TREKl current densities after protracted alcohol application. Student's t tests (*P < 0.05) shows the difference between TREKl and TREKl after ethanol, butan-l-ol or butan-2-ol application. The numbers of cells tested are indicated in parentheses. (F) Protracted ethanol application decreases native TREKl photocurrent in hippocampal neurons. Left, representative examples of TREKl photocurrent with (black trace) and without (gray trace) protracted (>1 hour) ethanol application. Right, average normalized TREKl photocurrent amplitudes with and without protracted ethanol application (>lhours). Figure 2. TREKl is potentiated by PLD2 in a PA-dependent manner (A, B) TREKl is potentiated by PLD2 co-expression. (A) Representative traces showing that PLD2 co-expression increases TREKl current. (B) Bar graph showing the TREKl current densities in the presence or absence of co-expression of PLD2. Student's itest *** 0.001) shows the difference between TREKl and TREKl co-expressed with PLD2. The numbers of cells tested are indicated in parentheses. (C-F) Primary alcohols and FIPI abolish the potentation of TREKl current by PLD2. Representative traces showing effects of protracted ethanol (C), butan-l-ol (D), or FIPI (E) application on TREKl current in the presence of PLD2. Insets, TREKl current densities before and after treatments. (F) Summary of normalized amplitude of TREKl current in the presence of PLD2 after protracted treatment with alcohol, FIPI or both. Student's t tests (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) show the difference between TREKl co-expressed with PLD2 and after ethanol, butan-l-ol or butan-2-ol application.
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