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Emergency Medical Service Career Longevity Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2017 Emergency Medical Service Career Longevity: Impact of Alignment Between Preemployment Expectations and Postemployment Perceptions Michael Joseph Belotto Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Public Health Education and Promotion Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Health Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Michael Belotto has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Harold Griffin, Committee Chairperson, Public Health Faculty Dr. Hadi Danawi, Committee Member, Public Health Faculty Dr. Magdeline Aagard, University Reviewer, Public Health Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2017 Abstract Emergency Medical Service Career Longevity: Impact of Alignment Between Preemployment Expectations and Postemployment Perceptions by Michael Joseph Belotto MPH, New York Medical College, 1998 BA, Queens College, City University of New York, 1981 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University February 2017 Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate whether there were differences between the preconceived notions of emergency medical technicians and paramedics prior to entering the profession and their notions of the vocation after facing the realities of the job. The contribution of alignment or misalignment to job satisfaction and the intention to leave the profession was also further investigated. This research is important as there currently is a gap in the literature pertaining to the factors affecting career longevity of emergency medical service (EMS) professionals. The degree of fit between individual and occupational characteristics guided this phenomenological study according to Lowman’s theoretical model of career assessment and counseling. Study participants (n = 10) were recruited from organizations providing EMS training courses and ambulance service providers in New York State. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and the information was coded into themes. Key findings indicated aligned expectations and experiences of altruism led to satisfaction, physical challenges not considered prior to employment were associated with intent to leave the profession, and a perception of EMS as a transient career. This study’s implications for positive social change are that its results will likely aid organizations in developing strategies to retain prehospital service workers, resulting in improved responses to the medical emergencies of communities and improvements in the care provided to society’s sick and injured. Emergency Medical Service Career Longevity: Impact of Alignment Between Preemployment Expectations and Postemployment Perceptions by Michael Joseph Belotto MPH, New York Medical College, 1998 BA, Queens College, City University of New York, 1981 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University February 2017 Dedication This work is dedicated to my parents, Josephine and Carmine Belotto. They taught me everything I ever needed to know and succeed in this life. Now that the chapters of this dissertation are complete, I look forward to writing Chapter 6; dedicating my life to giving back and doing the good work of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my committee chair, Dr. Harold Griffin, for his guidance and support. During this long and arduous journey, Dr. Griffin’s steady encouragement kept me focused on the finish line. I would also like to thank Dr. Hadi Danawi, who started the journey with me when it was a totally different study and didn’t give up on me through a multitude of proposed topics. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Magdeline Aagard whose evaluation guided me to learning more about qualitative research. I am grateful for my family and friends who believed in me and kept telling me I could do this. I am also thankful for my colleagues and friends who helped me by participating on panels and providing feedback on the data coding process. Finally, I must acknowledge the research participants: the emergency medical technicians, paramedics, and paramedic students who committed to this research, not just by giving their time, but by providing the candid and poignant descriptions of their personal experiences. It is their stories that comprise the substance of this work. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 Historical Roots of EMS ..........................................................................................3 Workforce Planning .................................................................................................7 Intention to Leave the Profession ............................................................................8 Classification of Job Satisfaction .............................................................................9 Recruitment and Retention ......................................................................................9 Response to Gaps in the Research Literature ........................................................10 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................11 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................12 Research Questions ......................................................................................................13 Theoretical Framework for the Study ..........................................................................13 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................15 Definitions....................................................................................................................17 Assumptions .................................................................................................................17 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................18 Limitations ...................................................................................................................21 Conduct of the Study .............................................................................................21 Interpretation of Results .........................................................................................23 Significance..................................................................................................................25 Summary ......................................................................................................................26 i Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................28 Introduction ..................................................................................................................28 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................29 Summary of Literature Review Using Academic Databases .................................32 Additional Strategies ..............................................................................................32 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................33 The Lowman Theory of Career Assessment ..........................................................33 Propositions of the Theory .....................................................................................34 The Holland Theory of Interests and Personality Types .......................................35 Additional Concepts in the Holland Theory ..........................................................37 Limitations of Theory ............................................................................................38 Applications of Theory ..........................................................................................40 Choice of Theory for the Current Study ................................................................42 Literature Review Related to Key Concepts ................................................................43 Recruitment and Retention ....................................................................................44
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