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Design Participation - Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference, 1971 Design Research Society DRS Digital Library DRS Conference Volumes 1972 Design Participation - Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference, 1971 Nigel Cross Follow this and additional works at: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/conference-volumes Recommended Citation Cross, N. (eds.) (1972) Design Participation - Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference, 1971, London, Design Research Society. https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/conference-volumes/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DRS Digital Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in DRS Conference Volumes by an authorized administrator of DRS Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I ID I ID I ID ....------. ,,_____. :wr=-= ......I I ID I IOI ID I ID I ID I ID I ID I ID I ID DESIGN PARTICIPATION es1gn• art1c1pat1on• • • Proceedings of the Design Research Society's Conference Manchester, September 1971 Edited by Nigel Cross ACADEMY EDITIONS First published in Great Britain in 1972 by Academy Editions, 7 Holland Street, London W.8. © 1972 The Design Research Society. Text set in 11/12 pt. IBM Press Roman, printed by photolithography, and bound in Great Britain at The Pitman Press, Bath. CONTENTS page page Foreword- 4 Sean Wellesley-Miller Self-organizing Environments 58 Preface 6 Nicholas Negroponte Acknowledgements - 7 Aspects of Living in an Architecture Machine - 63 Contributors 8 Christopher Evans Nigel Cross Chatting with Computers 68 Here Comes Everyman 11 William Mitchell Reyner Banham Experiments with Participation-oriented Alternative Networks for the Alternative Computer Systems - 73 15 Culture? - Thomas Maver Jeff Nuttall Simulation and Solution Teams in How to Use Technology - 19 Architectural Design 79 Robin Roy Thomas Markus Choosing the Future 21 A Doughnut Model of the Environment and its Design - Peter Stringer 84 A Rationale for Participation - 26 Jam es Siddall Value Theory as a Vehicle for User Peter Levin Participation in Design 92 Participation in r1anning Decisions - 30 Edward Matchett and K. G. Williams Ignacio Armillas Strategic Design for International Health Gaming-simulation: an approach to user Care ' participation in design 38 99 Stephen Platt Alberto Feo The Disabled User - Operational Games Applied to Socio­ 106 technical Problems 41 John Page Planning and Protest 113 Yona Friedman Information Processes for Participatory J. Christopher Jones Design 45 Robert Jungk Closing Comments - 120 Charles Eastman A~aptive-Conditional Architecture - 51 References 123 . ' • 3 FOREWORD The unique characteristic of a conference is that it example, a participant information system called brings together in face-to-face contact a self-selected HOST (Helping Organise Selective Togetherness) was sample of people interested in a particular field of devised, and proved particularly useful in the early study or development. No other communications stages of the conference for initiating contacts. The medium offers the opportunity for such immediate pre-planned aspects of the programme were arranged and varied personal contact as does a conference. in such a way as to facilitate personal contact, and However, many conferences seem to be planned in also to attempt to improve the quality of the discuss­ such a way as to make the initiation of personal ion of the papers. In the mornings, up to four main­ contacts particularly difficult. Information on parti­ topic papers were presented, each followed by a dis­ cipants is often incomplete and difficult to get hold cussion. In the afternoons, the more specialised papers of; the formal programme tends to dominate the were divided into topic 'workshops'. No discussion pro~eedings at the expense of informal contact; now took place in the main hall, but groups were facilities for impromptu meetings and discussion formed in other rooms around the venue. Thus groups are often absent; and the conference often people not vitally interested in certain topics did not seems to be designed for the convenience of the have to sit through long discussions, and those who organisers rather than for that of the participants. were interested could get together, identify each other and, hopefully, get somewhere with their This situation is perhaps not over-critical when the discussion. conference is held by a mature Society in a well­ defined field of interest. However, when neither of The proceedings in the main hall were video-taped, these conditions holds, traditional conference design and also relayed by CCTV to the lounge. These facili­ is inadequate. Such was the case for the Conference ties made it possible for participants to choose their whose proceedings are reported in this book. It was own level of participation. For example there were the first major conference of the Design Research always several groups of people in the lounge, some Society, and the topic - User Participation in Design watching the proceedings (and making notes in more - was expected to (and did) attract people from a comfort than in the Hall) and some discussing points wide range of disciplines - most of whom would be made by the speaker. The video recordings were strangers to each other. The conference organisers made available to participants if they wanted to see a therefore felt it very necessary to make this event an presentation again, or to catch up on one they had experiment in conference design. missed. Extra discussion rooms were also in use during each evening. One group took the opportunity to Firstly, we took some care in our choice of venue. We introduce a new participatory design-educational wanted a layout that would help rather than hinder game called GRIPS (Gaming, Random Interfacing and participation and contact-making. Owens Park, the Problem Structuring). Another important impromptu main halls of residence for Manchester University, event was a discussion with members of a community proved to be ideal in this respect, in that all rooms action group from Liverpool. and facilities were grouped close together. Also, the Manager and his staff were very helpful and responsive A key feature of the conference was the make-up and to our requirements. For this sort of conference such attitudes of the secretariat. All were amateurs as far venue characteristics are vital. The fairly common as administration and equipment operation were con­ set-up, with delegates dispersed around a city in cerned. Further, most of them were at the conference hotels, or with accommodation separated by a few as participants. The overriding policy of the Secretar­ miles from lecture halls, would have severely hamper­ iat group was to provide any service required.of them ed the achievement of the participatory aims of with a minimum of fuss and no bureaucracy. As a the conference organisation. result, participants made full use of equipment, facili­ ties and space available. We then provided a number of facilities which we hoped would enable participants to make the most of There is little doubt that the conference was a success the opportunities for personal contact afforded by - from the various points of view of the Design Re­ their simultaneous presence in Manchester. For search Society, the organisers and the participants. 4 DESIGN PARTICIPATION What deficiencies there were arose mainly from the us is the best possible way of saying "thank you" to fact that all the people involved were new to con­ all those who took part. ference organisation (although this was not always a disadvantage). Finally, the conference was a financial R. J. Talbot. success even though charges were small com ,;ared Conference Organiser with other conferences of similar size. This has m:>de it possible for the Design Research Society to present on behalf of the Design Research Society a copy of this book to each participant - which to and the Conference Secretariat. 5 PREFACE Any activity concerned with changing the man-made may not always continue to be the exclusive preroga­ world can justifiably be called a design activity. In tive of professionals. this respect, most of us are involved in some kind of 'designing' most of the time. But the really crucial This book presents the proceedings of the Design areas of decision-making at the interface between Participation conference. The topics covered by con­ technology and society are largely the prerogative of tributors to the conference range over a catholic field: specialist professional designers - engineers, planners, social technology, participation in planning, adapt­ architects and industrial designers. These professions, able environments, computer aids and design however, are all currently involved in radical changes methods. In each of these topics, the proceedings affecting their working methods and their relation­ include leading contributions to the development of ships with society. the concept of design participation from eminent designers, teachers and researchers from Europe and In particular, there is mounting pressure for wider America. sections of society to participate in the processes of planning and design. This pressure ranges from pro­ The contributions have been arranged here as far as test groups fighting undesirable side-effects of techno­ possible in related groups, but the book is not divided logical development, through calls from Government into sections. I ha,ve provided an introductory review committees for citizen participation in planning, to of the papers which gives my view of how they relate proposals from designers themselves for adaptable to each other and between groups. The paper by environments which the users may modify directly. Reyner Banham was the opening contribution to the User participation, by involving in the design process conference, and it sets 'participation' in the context those who will be affected by its outcome, may both of the design world and of society at large. At provide a means for eliminating many potential the end of the conference, John Page's contribution problems at their source. was a summing-up of the proceedings, and there were also the further closing comments of Chris Jones and Many designers view the prospect of user participa­ Robert Jungk.
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