UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the DISTRICT of COLUMBIA UNITED STATES of AMERICA V. MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Defendant Crim. No
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Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 150 Filed 01/07/20 Page 1 of 33 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Crim. No. 17-232 (EGS) MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Defendant UNITED STATES’ SUPPLEMENTAL MEMORANDUM IN AID OF SENTENCING The United States of America, by and through its attorney, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, hereby respectfully submits its Supplemental Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing for defendant Michael T. Flynn. In its initial sentencing memorandum, the government recommended that the defendant receive a sentence at the low end of the Guidelines range. See Government’s Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr- 232 (D.D.C. Dec. 4, 2018) (Doc. 46) (“Gov’t Sent’g Mem.”). At that time, the government represented that the defendant had accepted responsibility, and it filed a motion for a downward departure pursuant to Section 5K1.1 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines (“U.S.S.G.” or “Guidelines”). At the initial sentencing hearing in December 2018, the Court raised concerns about proceeding to sentencing without “fully understanding the true extent and nature” of the defendant’s assistance. Hearing Transcript at 31, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 18, 2018) (“12/18/2018 Hearing Tr.”). Upon a motion of the defendant predicated on a desire to “complete his cooperation” in the case of United States v. Bijan Rafiekian, No. 18-cr- 457, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (“EDVA”), the Court continued his sentencing. 12/18/2018 Hearing Tr. at 46-47. Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 150 Filed 01/07/20 Page 2 of 33 The defendant is now scheduled to be sentenced almost exactly three years from the date of his primary criminal conduct – lying to the FBI – and the intervening years have included periods where the defendant has sought to assist and aid the government, and periods where the defendant has sought to thwart the efforts of the government to hold other individuals, principally Bijan Rafiekian, accountable for criminal wrongdoing. Given the serious nature of the defendant’s offense, his apparent failure to accept responsibility, his failure to complete his cooperation in – and his affirmative efforts to undermine – the prosecution of Bijan Rafiekian, and the need to promote respect for the law and adequately deter such criminal conduct, the government recommends that the court sentence the defendant within the applicable Guidelines range of 0 to 6 months of incarceration. I. Background On December 1, 2017, the defendant entered a plea of guilty to a single count of “willfully and knowingly” making material false statements to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) regarding his contacts with the Government of Russia’s Ambassador to the United States (“Russian Ambassador”) during an interview with the FBI on January 24, 2017 (“January 24 interview”), in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001(a)(2). See Information, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Nov. 30, 2017) (Doc. 1); Statement of Offense at ¶¶ 3-4, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 1, 2017) (Doc. 4) (“SOF”). In addition, at the time of his plea, the defendant admitted making other material false statements and omissions in multiple documents that he filed on March 7, 2017, with the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act (“FARA”), which pertained to his work for the principal benefit of the Government of Turkey. See SOF at ¶ 5. These additional material false statements are relevant conduct that the Court can and should consider in determining where within the Guidelines range to sentence the defendant. 2 Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 150 Filed 01/07/20 Page 3 of 33 The defendant was initially scheduled to be sentenced by this Court on December 18, 2018, even though the defendant had not completed his cooperation. The parties sought to hold the hearing at that time because the defendant had expressed a desire to be sentenced as soon as possible. The government assented to his request because the sole outstanding area of cooperation pertained to the Rafiekian case, and the defendant had already testified under oath before a federal grand jury in that matter. The government expected that, in the event the Rafiekian case went to trial, the defendant would testify at trial consistent with that grand jury testimony and the Statement of Offense. In anticipation of that hearing, the parties filed sentencing memoranda. As part of its submission, the government requested that the Court grant a downward departure for providing substantial assistance to the government. The government provided a detailed accounting of the defendant’s assistance to the government in several ongoing investigations, including the investigation by the Special Counsel’s Office (“SCO”). See Addendum to Government’s Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 19, 2019) (Doc. 146) (“Addendum”). Notably, only the assistance he had provided in the Rafiekian case was deemed “substantial.” Id. at 2. The government recognized that “some of that benefit [of the defendant’s substantial assistance] may not be fully realized at this time,” but it represented that the government and the defendant “agree that sentencing at this time is nonetheless appropriate because sufficient information is available to allow the Court to determine the import of the defendant’s assistance to his sentence.” Id. at 2. In addition to asking the Court to credit the defendant with providing substantial assistance, the government recommended that the defendant receive credit for accepting responsibility. For the reasons detailed below, the government now withdraws both requests. 3 Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 150 Filed 01/07/20 Page 4 of 33 The defendant was not sentenced at the December 18 hearing. The Court first engaged in an “extension . of the plea colloquy.” Hearing Transcript at 5, United States v. Flynn, No. 17- cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 18, 2018) (“12/18/2018 Hearing Tr.”). Based upon the defendant’s responses, the Court found that the defendant entered his earlier guilty plea while “competent and capable.” Id. at 16. The Court then engaged in a colloquy with the government, during which the government represented that “based on the totality of the assistance that the defendant had provided at that point,” it believed that a motion for a downward departure based on his substantial assistance was warranted. Id. at 27. The government further stated that based not only on “the assistance he provided, but the nature of the investigations . , that the defendant had provided the vast majority of cooperation that could be considered,” concluding that the Court “was in a position to consider the vast majority of not just the cooperation, but the potential benefit of that cooperation.” Id. (emphasis added). The Court inquired whether the defendant could have been charged as a co-defendant in the Rafiekian case, and the government affirmed that the defendant could have been charged with various offenses in connection with his false statements in his FARA filings, consistent with his Statement of Offense. Id. at 28. With respect to sentencing, the Court reminded the defendant that he could be sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and reminded the defendant of the government’s representation that some of the benefit of his cooperation “may not be fully realized at this time.” Id. at 30. The Court then asked whether the defendant therefore wished to fully complete his cooperation with the government in order to improve potentially his sentence. Id. at 30-34, 44. The defendant noted that any remaining cooperation consisted of testifying at the Rafiekian trial, and requested that the Court continue the sentencing hearing. Id. at 46-47. It is within the government’s sole discretion to determine whether the defendant has “substantially assisted” the government. In light of the complete record, including actions 4 Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 150 Filed 01/07/20 Page 5 of 33 subsequent to December 18, 2018, that negate the benefits of much of the defendant’s earlier cooperation, the government no longer deems the defendant’s assistance “substantial.” Based on the defendant’s conduct since the time of the December 18, 2018, sentencing hearing, the government also does not believe the defendant should receive credit for acceptance of responsibility. Indeed, the government has reason to believe, through representations by the defendant’s counsel, that the defendant has retreated from his acceptance of responsibility in this case regarding his lies to the FBI. For that reason, the government asks this Court to inquire of the defendant as to whether he maintains those apparent statements of innocence or whether he disavows them and fully accepts responsibility for his criminal conduct. II. Factual Summary of the Defendant’s Conduct Relevant to Sentencing The underlying facts in this case should not be in dispute. As the Court has noted, the defendant admitted to the underlying criminal conduct “when he entered his guilty pleas in this case.” See Memorandum Opinion at 4, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 16, 2019) (Doc. 144) (“Mem. Opinion”). At sentencing, just one year ago, the defendant reiterated that he “d[id] not take issue” with the government’s description of that conduct. See Defendant’s Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing at 7, United States v. Flynn, No. 17-cr-232 (D.D.C. Dec. 11, 2018) (Doc. 50) (“Def. Sent’g Mem.”). In his recent filings and statements, however, the defendant has disputed that conduct and the underlying facts.