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Does Complexity in Behavioral Organization Allow Seabirds to Adapt to Changes in Their Environment? Xavier Meyer

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Does Complexity in Behavioral Organization Allow Seabirds to Adapt to Changes in Their Environment? Xavier Meyer Does complexity in behavioral organization allow seabirds to adapt to changes in their environment? Xavier Meyer To cite this version: Xavier Meyer. Does complexity in behavioral organization allow seabirds to adapt to changes in their environment?. Animal biology. Université de Strasbourg, 2016. English. NNT : 2016STRAJ039. tel-01560127 HAL Id: tel-01560127 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01560127 Submitted on 11 Jul 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE Vie et Santé (ED414) IPHC, Département Ecologie, Physiologie & Ethologie (UMR7178) THÈSE présentée par : Xavier MEYER soutenue le : 09 septembre 20 16 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Sciences du Vivant/Ecologie & Ethologie Does complexity in behavioral organization allow seabirds to adapt to changes in their environment? Un comportement complexe est - il adapté pour faire face à une perturbation de l’écosystème chez les oiseaux marins? THÈSE dirigée par : Dr. SUEUR Cédric Maître de conférences , U niversité de Strasbourg Dr. ROPERT - COUDERT Yan Directeur de recherche, CEBC, Villiers - en - Bois RAPPORTEURS : Pr. ALADOS Concepción L. Professeur , Institut Pirenaico de Ecología Pr. DENEUBOURG Jean - Louis Professeur , Université libre de Bruxelles AUTRES MEMBRES DU JURY : Dr. MASSEMIN Sylvie Maître de conférences , Université de Strasbourg Dr. MACINTOSH Andrew J.J. Associate Professor , Kyo to University Does complexity in behavioral organization allow seabirds to adapt to changes in their environment? Un comportement complexe est - il adapté pour faire face à une perturbation de l’écosystème chez les oiseaux marins? Thèse présentée pour obtenir le grade de docteur de l’Université de Strasbourg Discipline: Science du Vivant Spécialité: Ecologie et Ethologie Xavier Meyer Souten ue publique ment le 9 septembre 2016 Devant le jury composé de : Pr. Concepción L. Alados Maître de conférences. IPE, Saragosse Rapporteur externe Pr. Jean - Louis Deneubourg Maître de conférences. UBL, Bruxelles Rapporteur externe Dr. Sylvie Massemin Maître de conférences. UNISTRA, Strasbourg Rapporteur interne Dr. Cédric Sueur Maître de conférences. UNISTRA, Strasbourg Directeur de thèse Dr. Yan Ropert - Coudert Directeur de recherche. CNRS, Villiers - en - Bois Co - directeur de thèse Dr. Andrew J.J. MacIntosh Professeur associé. WRC - CICASP, Kyoto Co - directeur de thèse A mes grands - pères, Gérard et René Remerciements/ Acknowledgments : Et voilà, c’est la fin. D ifficile de réaliser que cette thèse se fini et ferme ainsi un chapitre de trois ans de ma vie. Une thèse est loin de se dérouler de façon linéaire et peut aisément se comparer à une étape de haute - montagne sur le tour de France : passage de col dans la difficulté , parfois en s’effondrant, puis descente vers la vallée, et ainsi de suite jusqu’à l’ef fort final, la rédaction et la soutenance de thèse. Et bien que ça semble dans les deux cas un exercice solitaire, c’est tout le contraire en réalité : une thèse n’est pas possible sans le soutien d’un grand nombre de personnes et j’espère que je n’oublier ai personne . Si c’est le cas, je m’en excuse d’avance. Tout d’abord, je souhaite exprimer toute ma gratitude à Sylvie Massemin, Concepción L. Alados et Jean - Louis Deneubourg d’avoir accepté d’évaluer ce travail de thèse. Je remercie Odile Petit et François Criscuolo de m ’avoir accueilli au DEPE, et Charly Bost et Henri We imerskirch de m’avoir accueilli au CEBC lors de mes séjours là - bas. En continuant dans l’analogie avec le cyclisme (oui oui, écrire ses remerciements devant l’étape Vielha Val d’Aran/Andorr e Arcalis, ça inspire et laisse des traces), un coureur (un thésard) n’est rien sans son (ses) directeur(s) de thèse. Tout simplement, merci Yan, thanks Andrew et merci Cédric. Yan, merci pour tout, pour m’avoir fait confiance , m’avoir offert l’opportunité de faire cet te thèse et pour le soutien que tu m’as apporté tout au long de ma thèse tant professionnellement que personnellement . Merci de m’avoir permis d’al ler voir mes modèles d’étude en chair et en plumes , sur le terrain à Phillip Island comme à DDU. Tu m’as tellement appris durant cette thèse, scientifiquement, professionnellement et humainement , que les mots me manquent pour exprimer ma reconnaissance à ton égard. A J’espère continuer à travailler avec toi dans l’avenir. Et promis, les « thus » et « a forementioned » , je travaille à les limiter. Andrew, thank you for everything, to have share d with me your enthusiasm and your knowledge about fractals (but also your talent for pool and darts), to have teach me how to be rigorous in science and finally th anks for all the comments you did on my papers and my thesis . It really helped me to push my thinking further, not only about my thesis topic but also about science in general. I did not succeed to visit you in Japan but I really hope it will be possible i n a close future. Cédric , on se connait depuis mon M1 maintenant (5 ans, ça passe vite dis donc) . Merci pour m’avoir pris en stage à l’époque et de m’avoir ensuite poussé à aller voir Yan pour discuter thèse avec lui. Merci pour ta confiance, tes conseils et tes encouragements, pour avoir essayé de « stresser » un peu ma nature (dans le bon sens) qui fait que j’ai souvent l’air ailleurs ou sous l’influence de substances psychotropes (ce qui n’est pas le cas ; - )). This thesis would not have been possible wi thout the participation of Akiko Kato and Andre Chiaradia. Akiko, arigatou gozaimasu for processing and managing diving dataset, for your patience when you explained me how to do diving analysis o n Igor and for all the comments you did on my papers. Andre, muito obrigado por t udo! I enjoyed working with you! Thank you for having welcomed me in Phillip Island and having shared of your k nowledge with me . I had a great time in Phillip Island and I would like to thank Matt to have been such a nice company in the volly house and during the fieldwork. Finally, I would also like to thank Thomas Mattern for his help and contribution on New Zealand’s little penguin foraging behavior. B U n grand merci à toutes les personnes que j’ai c ôtoyé et qui ont rendu mon séjour dans les contrées glacées de la Terre Adélie si merveilleux. J’aimerais remercier tous les membres de la TA64, mais plus particulièrement Elsa, Christophe , Pierre, Alban, Didi er, Victor et Nono pour les bons petits plats et dess erts, Aymeric, Sep’ et Fabien. Merci Marie de m’avoir briefé sur les Adélie et merci Andrew (aka the rapper) et Thierry (aka penguin sheriff) pour la très bonne ambiance au sein de la team 1091 tout au l ong de la campagne d’été. Cette thèse aurait été bien triste sans le groupe de thésards du DEPE (mais aussi du CEBC) , qui avec les détours par le Wawa et le Public House, les randonnées (« Ne vous inquiétez pas, on est presque au bout »), les soirées dest ruction de mobilier (« promis je n’ai pas deux mains gauches Mathilde » ; - )), lecture au congélateur et douche Kubor ont enchanté cette thèse. Pour tout cela, mais également les fous - rire de tous les jours, les pronostics foireux de l’ Euro et leur soutien, merci Quentin, Agnès, Fanny, Palmyre, Philippine, Nancy, Hannah, Manon, Anthony , Emilio, Mathieu, Mathilde, Amandine, Flo et Valéria à Strasbourg et Pierre, Sophie, Flo, Rémy, Yves, Loriane, Carine, Julien , Joffrey , Camille (on va le sortir ce pa pier Adélie ; - )) et Sam à Chizé . P lus particulièrement, j’aimerai remercier : Emilio, le barbu dothrak chilien, pour toutes nos discussions géopolitiques et filmographiques passionnantes, les sorties ornitho dans 30cm d’eau à l a poursuite de cygnes chanteu rs et ce magnifique saut au - dessus de ce petit ruisseau un jour de juin . Mathieu, pour nos randonnées (on a toujours le tour des 6 lacs à faire), nos discussions cuisine et chiffon (de rando) , les ateliers bricolages de vélo et tout simplement pour ton ami tié. Mathilde, Amandine, petites par la taille, grande s par le cœur. J’ai adoré partagé notre bureau, merc i pour les fous - rires et les moments de folie , les attaques à la boulette de papier, le chocolat du tiroir du haut et pour votre soutien. Il doit en a voir des citations dans le petit cahier. Un merci tout particulier à maman F lo, merci pour ta franchise, ton soutien et C toutes nos discussions interminables sur GoT, la cuisine et un peu de tout. Même au pays du soleil levant, ton soutien m’a été très préc ieux au cours de cette thèse. Et promis, je prends soin du gourdin ; - )! Val, I would love to tell you that in Portuguese (soon ; - )). The end of this thesis would not have been the same without you. Thank you for supporting me all along this process, for al ways being here, giving me motivation and inspiration . You have simply made my life easier and happier and I’m feeling so grateful. Un merci tout particulier à Nico , pour ton amitié, les « vendredi, tout est permis », les sortie s en vélos, les randonnées 5 étoiles avec réchaud et canard en boîte sur le dos, la bouteille de vendanges tardives sur le côté et nos missions geocaching.
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