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Download Article (PDF) OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 109 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 109 STUDIES ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH AND ADJOINING AREAS, INDIA (LEPIDOPTERA: ACRAEIDAE, SA TYRIDAE, NYMPHALIDAE, RIODINIDAE, AND LYCAENIDAE) BY I. J. GUPTA and J. P. N. SHUKLA Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India 1988 © Copyright 1988, Government of India Published: October, 198~ PRICE: Inland : Rs. 60-00 Foreign; £ '·00 $ 9·00 PRINTED IN INDIA AT SRI AUROBINDO PRESS, 16 HEMENDRA SBN STREET, CALCUTTA-700 006, PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCUTTA-700 020 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION Occasional Paper No. 109 1988 Pages 1-115 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 2 Family ACRAEIDAE 2 Family SATYRIDAE 3 Family NYMPHALIDAE 18 Family RIODINIDAE 71 Family LYCAENIDAE 74 SUMMARY 100 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 100 RBPBRB'NCES 101 ApPBNDIX-I List of species and subspecies of butterflies of families Acraeidae, Satyridae, Nym­ phalidae and Riodinidae and Lycaenidae from Arunachal Pradesh and adjoining areas, INDIA. 103 ApPENDIX-II List of species of food plants of butterflies 110 PLATES I-XXIII MAP OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH INTRODUCTION North-eastern hill areas of India are well known for harbouring rich insect fauna particularly the butterflies. Accordingly, the present studies on butterflies are based upon the material collected during 1961-1974 from Arunachal Pradesh and adjoining areas by several survey parties from the Zoological Survey of India. The Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh* lies between 27°.0- 29°.30' latitudes north and 91".30'.97°.30' longitudes east, with its capital Itanagar. It has an area of 83,578 Km sq and altitudinal range from 2000-S000ro. It is bounded by Bhutan to the west, Tibet and China to the north and east, Assam to the south, and Nagaland and Burma to the south-east. It has five Districts, viz., Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, Lohit and Tirap with their head-quarters at Bomdila, Ziro, Along, Tezu and Khonsa, respectively. Arunachal Pradesh is a wild and mountainous tract divided by several streams and rivers. The regular monsoon starts in April and continues heavily until October, and the rainfall amounts to about five metres per year. Earlier reports of butterflies from Arunachal Pradesh and adjoining areas are mainly by Evans (1912), Betts (1950) and Bhattacharya (1985) from Namdhapa, a wildlife sanctuary in Tirap. Presently, 129 species and subspecies in 67 genera distributed over five families, viz. Acraeidae, Satyridae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae have been studied from the above mentioned area. The remarks on each species and subspecies include common name, varia­ tions in the size and shape of colour markings, fore wing length, geographical distribution and information on the food plants. Keys to genera and species of various families reported from the area under study have been provided after the works of Evans (1932), Corbet and Pendlebury (1956) for NYffiphalidae and Riodinidae; Talbot (1947) for Satyridae and Cantlie (1962) for Lycaenidae. Amongst a total of 129 species and subspecies dealt with, 114 constitute new locality records for the D istric ts of Kameng, Subans iri, Siang, Lohit and Tirap ; and of these, 37 are new records for the entire Arunachal Pradesh. Besides, 17 species and subspecies are rare and one i.e. Euthalia telchinia (Mfnetries) is very rare in status. Further, the list of species and subspecies of the aforesaid families so far known from Arunachal Pradesh has also been provided. • Since declared as a State in 1987 and has II districts, 2 REc. ZOOL. SURV. INDIA, OCC. PAPER No. 109 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Family ACRAEIDAE Wings thinly scaled and spotted; cell closed in fore wing and hind wing. Fore wing without any vein inflated at base and vein lA+ 2A free. Fore legs imperfect in both sexes. This family is represented in India by a single genus Acraea Fabricius. I Genus Acraea Fabricius 1807. Acraea Fabricius, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 6: 284. Type species: Papilio horta Linnaeus, 1764. Distribution: Ethiopian and Indo-Australian Regions. Diagnostic characters: Wings elongate, more or less diaphanous. In fore wing vein R1 arising before the end of cell, Ra to RIS stalked, M1 from upper angle of cell or near it and widely separate from M a• In male, claws of mid-and hind legs unequal. Remarks: The butterflies of this genus are popularly known as ·The Costers' Two species viz., A. violae (Fabricius) and A. issoria Huebner of this genus occur in India, of which the former is dealt with here. 1. Acraea violae (Fabricius) (The Tawny Coster) (Plate I, nos. 1-2) 177S. Papilio violae Fabricius, Syst. ent., : 460. 1905. Telchinia violae, Bingham, The Fauna ofBritish India (Butterflies), 1: 471-472. 1947. Acraea vio/ae, Talbot, The Fauna of British India (Butterflies), 1 : 466-469. Material examined: Siang District, Old lining, 500 m., 1 ex., 20.x. 1966 (Coli. S. K. Tandon and G. S. Arora). Fore Wing length: 28 mm. Distribu tion: India and Sri Lanka. Remarks: The upperside of fore wing has a black pear shaped spot in right wing but it is transverse in left fore wing. The underside of hind wings has whitish spots on the black marginal area but the spots are larger on upperside. This species is a new record for Siang District. Food plants: Adenia palmata Engl. (the wild passion flower), Aporosa lindleyana Bail!., Hibiscus cannabin us Linnaeus, Passiflora edulis Sims., P. foetida Linnaeus and TectDna grandis Linnaeus. GUPTA &. SHUKLA: Butterflies of Arunachal Pradesh 3 Family SATYRIDAE Labial palpi compressed. Upperside and underside of wings usually marked with ocelli and sometimes with white or tawny bands. Fore wing usually with one or more veins swollen at base. Cell in fore­ and hind wing closed. Fore legs in both the sexes' imperfect; fore tarsus single jointed in male and five jointed in female. Key to genera 1. Eyes hairy 2 Eyes glabrous 3 2. Fore wing with veins lA+2A and median vein swollen Mycaiesis Huebner Fore wing with veins lA+2A not swollen, median vein more or less swollen Lethe Huebner 3. Hind wing with a precostal cell Elymnias Huebner Hind wing without a precostal cell 4 4. Fore wing without swollen veins M elanitis r abricius lore wing with median vein swollen s S. Fore wing with upper angle of cell strongly acute, upper margin of cell markedlY longer than the lower margin Orsotriaena Willgren Fore wing with the upper angle of cell not acute, upper margin of cell not longer than the lower margin 6 6. Hind wing with vein Sc nearly straight at its origin Zipaetis Hewitson Hind win g with vein Sc strongly angled at its origin 7 7. Hind wing with the outer margin more or less crenulate. Cilia prominently chequered, at least on fore wing Aulocera Butler Hind wing with the outer margin not crenu­ late. Cilia slightlY chequered or not so in fore and hind wing 8 8. Fore wing with lower discocellular vein excurved, vein R2 arising from cell Erebia Dalman Fore wing with lower discocellular vein dtraight or incurved, vein R2 arising always from vein R6 Ypthima Huebner II Genus Mycalesis Huebner 1818. Myca/esis Huebner, Zutr. z. Samml. exot. Schmett" 1 : 17. Type species: P apilio francisca Stoll, 1780. 4 REC. ZOOL. SURV. INDIA, OCC. PAPER No. 109 Diagnostic characters; Fore wing with lower discocellular vein between veins Ma and Ms strongly curved towards base of the wing. In hind wing vein CUla variable, arising a little before or from the lower angle of cell, sometimes stalked with Ms. Distribution: China, Japan, Ethiopian and Indo-Australian Regions. Remarks: The butterflies of this genus are commonly called 'The Bushbrowns'. Of the 27 species of Mycalesis occurring in India, four are dealt with here. Key to species 1. Hindwing with vein CUla arising before end of cell 3 Hind wind with vein CUla arising at or just beyond end of cell 2 2. Fore wing with brand elongate visala Moore Fore wing with brand short mineus (Linnaeus) 3. Fore wing with pupilled ocelli in interspaces 2 and 5 (the latter rarely absent) on upper­ side. Hind wing with a pupilled ocellus in interspace 2 on upperside Inisenus de Niceville Fore wing without ocelli on upperside. Hjnd wing with ocelli in interspaces 2 and 5 on upperside malsarida Butler 2. Mycalesis mineus mineus (Linnaeus) (The Dark Brand Bushbrown) (Plate I, nos. 3-4) 1767. Papilio mlneus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1 : 768. 1947. Mycaiesis mineus 'mlfleus, Talbot, The Fauna of British India (Butterflies) 2: 134-136. Material examined: Lohit District, Meghabasti, 1 ex., 8.x.1966 (Coli. S. K. Tandon and G. S. Arora) ; Santipur, 100 m., 1 ex., 2.iii.1969, Bolung, 200 m., 1 ex., 4.iii.1969; Dambuk, 1 ex., S.iii.1969 (Coli. S. K. Tandon). Assam, Sadiya Road, 300 m., 3 exs., 8.iii.1969, Kaziranga, 100 m., 1 ex., 24.iii.1969, (Coil. S. K. Tandon). Lakhimpur, Rangajan, 1 ex., 4.x.1966. (Coil. S. K. Tandon and G. S. Arora). Fore wing length: 23-27 mm. Distribution; China; India (Kulu to Assam, Andaman Islands) to Burma. Remarks: The specimens exhibit variation in size and number of GUPTA & SHUKLA: Butterflies of Arunachal Pradesh 5 ocelli on the upperside as well as underside of wings. This nominate subspecies is a new record for Lohit District. Food plants: Grasses. 3. Mycalesis visala visala Moore (The Long-Brand Bushbrown) (Plate I, nos. 5-6) 1857. M),calesis visala visala Moore, Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy., 1 : 230. Material examined: Kameng District, Tipi, 213 m., 1 ex., 3.v. 1966, Pinjuli, 244 m., 2 exs. 4.v.1966 (Coll.
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