Monogamy Versus Promiscuity in Voles
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Development of a Partner Preference Test That Differentiates Between Established Pair Bonds and Other Relationships in Socially
American Journal of Primatology RESEARCH ARTICLE Development of a Partner Preference Test that Differentiates Between Established Pair Bonds and Other Relationships in Socially Monogamous Titi Monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) SARAH B. CARP1#, EMILY S. ROTHWELL1,2*,#, ALEXIS BOURDON3, SARA M. FREEMAN1, EMILIO FERRER4, 1,2,4 AND KAREN L. BALES 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 2Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 3AgroParisTech, Paris, France 4Department of Psychology, University of California—Davis, Davis, California Partner preference, or the selective social preference for a pair mate, is a key behavioral indicator of social monogamy. Standardized partner preference testing has been used extensively in rodents but a single test has not been standardized for primates. The goal of this study was to develop a partner preference test with socially monogamous titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) adapted from the widely used rodent test. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the test with pairs of titi monkeys (N ¼ 12) in a three-chambered apparatus for 3 hr. The subject was placed in the middle chamber, with grated windows separating it from its partner on one side and an opposite sex stranger on the other side. Subjects spent a greater proportion of time in proximity to their partners’ windows than the strangers’, indicating a consistent preference for the partner over the stranger. Touching either window did not differ between partners and strangers, suggesting it was not a reliable measure of partner preference. Subjects chose their partner more than the stranger during catch and release sessions at the end of the test. -
Pair-Bonding, Romantic Love and Evolution: the Curious Case Of
PPSXXX10.1177/1745691614561683Fletcher et al.Pair-Bonding, Romantic Love, and Evolution 561683research-article2014 Perspectives on Psychological Science 2015, Vol. 10(1) 20 –36 Pair-Bonding, Romantic Love, and © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Evolution: The Curious Case of DOI: 10.1177/1745691614561683 Homo sapiens pps.sagepub.com Garth J. O. Fletcher1, Jeffry A. Simpson2, Lorne Campbell3, and Nickola C. Overall4 1Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand; 2University of Minnesota; 3University of Western Ontario, Canada; and 4University of Auckland, New Zealand Abstract This article evaluates a thesis containing three interconnected propositions. First, romantic love is a “commitment device” for motivating pair-bonding in humans. Second, pair-bonding facilitated the idiosyncratic life history of hominins, helping to provide the massive investment required to rear children. Third, managing long-term pair bonds (along with family relationships) facilitated the evolution of social intelligence and cooperative skills. We evaluate this thesis by integrating evidence from a broad range of scientific disciplines. First, consistent with the claim that romantic love is an evolved commitment device, our review suggests that it is universal; suppresses mate-search mechanisms; has specific behavioral, hormonal, and neuropsychological signatures; and is linked to better health and survival. Second, we consider challenges to this thesis posed by the existence of arranged marriage, polygyny, divorce, and infidelity. Third, we show how the intimate relationship mind seems to be built to regulate and monitor relationships. Fourth, we review comparative evidence concerning links among mating systems, reproductive biology, and brain size. Finally, we discuss evidence regarding the evolutionary timing of shifts to pair-bonding in hominins. -
Emory Health
Health care for the working poor 8 After cancer, what next? 12 Smallpox chronicles 25 PATIENT CARE, RESEARCH, AND EDUCATION FROM Spring 2010 THE WOODRUFF HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER Why do voles fall in love? And what that means for human health. 2 FEATURE LISTENING TO THE HORMONES CouplingBy Sylvia Wrobel Monogamy—vole style What does love—or at least monogamy—have to do with autism, schizophrenia, and other conditions with deficits in socialcial awarenessawareness and attachment? Larry Young (left) believes his quirky little prairie voles hold some answers. Once mating is over, fidelity does not come naturally to the vast majority of species.. Even within species whose members do engage in social bonding, like humans, some individuals are better at it than others. The popular question was, “Why do voles fall In the 1990s, Young (William P. Timmie in love?” The answer, said the scientists, was that oxytocin created lifelong attachment. Professor of Psychiatry at Emory and chief of behavioral neuroscience at Yerkes National Primate Research Center) and Tom Insel (then director of Yerkes and now director of the National Institute of Mental Health) created a scientific and media storm when they reported that the surprisingly ubiquitous and long-lasting monogamy exhibited by a species of voles is attributable to hormones. The popular ques- tion was, “Why do voles fall in love?” The answer, said the scientists, was that oxytocin—the same hormone released during labor, delivery, and breast feeding in humans and that promotes mother-infant bonding— creates the female prairie vole’s lifelong attachment to her male partner. -
Microtus Ochrogaster) from the Southern Plains of Texas and Oklahoma
OCCASIONAL PAPERS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 235 5 May 2004 HISTORICAL ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE PRAIRIE VOLE (MICROTUS OCHROGASTER) FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS OF TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA FREDERICK B. STANGL, JR., JIM R. GOETZE, AND KIMBERLY D. SPRADLING The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) today is with distinct cranial characters andpale pelage colora considered a species ofthe Great Plains, whose range tion, they described M. o. taylori. extends from the interior grasslands ofsouthern Canada to central Oklahoma and the northernTexas Panhandle, Choate and Williams (1978) perfonned a mor and is generally bordered by the Rocky Mountains to phometric analysis ofthe prairie vole, which included the west and the eastern deciduous woodlands (Bee et material reported onby Hibbard and Rinker (1943) as al. 1981; Hall 1981; Hoffmann andKoeppl 1985; Caire M. o. taylori. Each of their external body measure et al. 1990; Stalling 1990). Duringthe late Pleistocene, ments and four of the seven cranial characters (skull the species occurred throughout much ofTexas, leav length, zygomatic breadth, mastoidal breadth, and least ing fossil evidence as far south as the Edwards Pla interorbital breadth) exhibited significant geographic teau and parts ofthe GulfCoast (Dalquest and Schultz variation. While no geographic patterns were evident 1992; Graham 1987). The species retreated north to suggest subspecific levels of differentiation, popu ward with the advent ofincreasingly arid climate dur lations from the Dakotas to Kansas demonstrated a ing the Holocene. At least one isolated population, M. slight north-to-south elinal increase in size of cranial o. ludovicianus, was stranded during this time, and is characters. -
Young, L.J., & Hammock E.A.D. (2007)
Update TRENDS in Genetics Vol.23 No.5 Research Focus On switches and knobs, microsatellites and monogamy Larry J. Young1 and Elizabeth A.D. Hammock2 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, 954 Gatewood Road, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA 2 Vanderbilt Kennedy Center and Department of Pharmacology, 465 21st Avenue South, MRBIII, Room 8114, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Comparative studies in voles have suggested that a formation. In male prairie voles, infusion of vasopressin polymorphic microsatellite upstream of the Avpr1a locus facilitates the formation of partner preferences in the contributes to the evolution of monogamy. A recent study absence of mating [7]. The distribution of V1aR in the challenged this hypothesis by reporting that there is no brain differs markedly between the socially monogamous relationship between microsatellite structure and mon- and socially nonmonogamous vole species [8]. Site-specific ogamy in 21 vole species. Although the study demon- pharmacological manipulations and viral-vector-mediated strates that the microsatellite is not a universal genetic gene-transfer experiments in prairie, montane and mea- switch that determines mating strategy, the findings do dow voles suggest that the species differences in Avpr1a not preclude a substantial role for Avpr1a in regulating expression in the brain underlie the species differences in social behaviors associated with monogamy. social bonding among these three closely related species of vole [3,6,9,10]. Single genes and social behavior Microsatellites and monogamy The idea that a single gene can markedly influence Analysis of the Avpr1a loci in the four vole species complex social behaviors has recently received consider- mentioned so far (prairie, montane, meadow and pine voles) able attention [1,2]. -
Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use in Orchards for Meadow Vole Control
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia for March 1981 NON-TARGET SPECIES HAZARD OR BRODIFACOUM USE IN ORCHARDS FOR MEADOW VOLE CONTROL Mark H. Merson Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Winchester, Virginia Ross E. Byers Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Winchester, Virginia Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/voles Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons Merson, Mark H. and Byers, Ross E., "NON-TARGET SPECIES HAZARD OR BRODIFACOUM USE IN ORCHARDS FOR MEADOW VOLE CONTROL" (1981). Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia. 58. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/voles/58 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. NON-TARGET SPECIES HAZARD OF BRODIFACOUM USE IN ORCHARDS FOR MEADOW VOLE CONTROL Mark H. Merson and Ross E. Byers Winchester Fruit Research Laboratory Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Winchester, Virginia 22601 This year we entered into our second year of non-target species hazard assessment of Brodifacoum used (BFC; ICI Americas, Inc.) as an orchard rodenticide. The primary emphasis of this work has been to in- vestigate the effects of BFC on birds of prey through secondary poison- ing. The hazard level of BFC to raptors should be dependent on the levels found in post-treatment collections of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). -
Recovery Plan for the Amargosa Vole
Recovery Plan for the Amargosa Vole (Microtus californicus scirpensis) ( As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the ~ Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environ mental and cultural values of our national parks ~, and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energyand mineral resourcesand works toassure that ~‘ theirdevelopment is in the best interests ofall our people. ~4 The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people ~<‘ who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. AMARGOSA VOLE (Microtus cahfornicus scirpensis) RECOVERY PLAN September, 1997 7— U.S. Department ofthe Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Region One, Portland, Oregon DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. -
Mather Field Vernal Pools California Vole
Mather Field Vernal Pools common name California Vole scientific name Microtus californicus phylum Chordata class Mammalia order Rodentia family Muridae habitat common in grasslands, wetlands Jack Kelly Clark, © University of California Regents and wet meadows size up to 14 cm long excluding tail description The California Vole is covered with grayish-brown fur. Its ears and legs are short and it has pale feet. It has a cylindrical shape (like a toilet paper roll) with a tail that is 1/3 the length of the body. fun facts California Voles make paths through the grasslands leading to the mouths of their underground burrows. These surface "runways" are worn into the grass by daily travel. When chased by a predator, a vole can make a fast dash for the safety of its underground burrow using these cleared runways. If you walk quickly across the grassland you will often surprise a California Vole and see it scurry to its burrow. life cycle California Voles reach maturity in one month. Female voles have litters of four to eight young. In areas with abundant food and mild weather, each female can have up to five litters in a year. ecology The California Vole can dig its own underground burrow system but it often begins by using Pocket Gopher burrows. The tunnels are usually 1 to 5 meters long and up to one half meter below ground, with a nesting den somewhere inside. The ends of the burrows are left open. Many insects, spiders, centipedes, and other animals live in their burrows. Thus, the California Vole creates habitat for other species and the Pocket Gopher improves habitat for the vole. -
The Origins of the Institutions of Marriage
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Q ED Queen’s Economics Department Working Paper No. 1180 The Origins of the Institutions of Marriage Marina E. Adshade Brooks A. Kaiser Dalhousie University Department of Economics Queen’s University 94 University Avenue Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 8-2008 THE ORIGIN OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MARRIAGE Marina E. Adshade Brooks A. Kaiser August 13, 2008 Abstract Standard economic theories of household formation predict the rise of institutionalized polyg- yny in response to increased resource inequality among men. We propose a theory, within the framework of a matching model of marriage, in which, in some cases, institutionalized monogamy prevails, even when resources are unequally distributed, as a result of agricultural externalities that increase the presence of pair-bonding hormones. Within marriage, hormone levels contribute to the formation of the marital pair bond, the strength of which determines a man’swillingness to invest in his wife’schildren. These pair bonds are reinforced through phys- ical contact between the man and his wife and can be ampli…ed by externalities produced by certain production technologies. Both the presence of additional wives and the absence of these externalities reduce the strength of the marital bond and, where the …tness of a child is increas- ing in paternal investment, reduce a woman’sexpected lifetime fertility. Multiple equilibria in terms of the dominant form of marriage (for example, polygyny or monogamy) are possible, if the surplus to a match is a function of reproductive success as well as material income. -
Southern Bog Lemming, Synaptomys Cooperi,Andthe Mammals: Their Natural History, Classification, and Meadow Vole, Microtus Pennsylvanicus,Invirginia
Synaptomys cooperi (Baird, 1858) SBLE W. Mark Ford and Joshua Laerm CONTENT AND TAXONOMIC COMMENTS There are eight subspecies of the southern bog lem- ming (Synaptomys cooperi) recognized, four of which occur in the South: S. c. gossii, S. c. helaletes, S. c. kentucki, and S. c. stonei (Wetzel 1955, Barbour 1956, Hall 1981, Linzey 1983, Long 1987). However, Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) indicate that S. c. gossii, S. c. kentucki, and S. c. stonei could be referable to S. c. cooperi.The literature was reviewed by Linzey (1983). DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS The southern bog lemming is a robust, short-tailed vole with a broad head, small ears, and small eyes. Its measurements are: total length, 119–154 mm; tail, 13–25 mm; hind foot, 16–24 mm; ear, 8–14 mm; weight, 20–50 g. The dental formula for this species is: I 1/1, C 0/0, P 0/0, M 3/3 = 16 (Figure 1). The pel- age is bright chestnut to dark grizzled brown dor- sally, grading into silver grayish white ventrally, with gray to brown feet and tail. The southern bog lemming readily is distinguished from other voles by its short tail (usually less than hind foot length), pres- ence of a shallow longitudinal groove along upper incisors, and deep reentrant angles on molars. See keys for details. CONSERVATION STATUS The southern bog lemming has a global rank of Secure (NatureServe 2007). It is listed as Secure in Virginia and Apparently Secure in Kentucky and Tennessee. It is listed as Vulnerable in North Carolina, Imperiled in Arkansas, and Critically Imperiled in Georgia. -
Pair-Bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives 1
Pair-bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives 1 Running Head: PAIRBONDED RELATIONSHIPS AND ROMANTIC ALTERNATIVES Pair-bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives: Toward an Integration of Evolutionary and Relationship Science Perspectives Kristina M. Durante Rutgers University Paul W. Eastwick University of Texas at Austin Eli J. Finkel Northwestern University Steven W. Gangestad University of New Mexico Jeffry A. Simpson University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus Note: All authors contributed equally and are listed in alphabetical order. In Press, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Pair-bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives 2 Abstract Relationship researchers and evolutionary psychologists have been studying human mating for decades, but research inspired by these two perspectives often yields fundamentally different images of how people mate. Research in the relationship science tradition frequently emphasizes ways in which committed relationship partners are motivated to maintain their relationships (e.g., by cognitively derogating attractive alternatives), whereas research in the evolutionary tradition frequently emphasizes ways in which individuals are motivated to seek out their own reproductive interests at the expense of partners’ (e.g., by surreptitiously having sex with attractive alternatives). Rather than being incompatible, the frameworks that guide each perspective have different assumptions that can generate contrasting predictions and can lead researchers to study the same behavior in different ways. This paper, which represents the first major attempt to bring the two perspectives together in a cross-fertilization of ideas, provides a framework to understand contrasting effects and guide future research. This framework—the conflict-confluence model— characterizes evolutionary and relationship science perspectives as being arranged along a continuum reflecting the extent to which mating partners’ interests are misaligned versus aligned. -
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1988) Volume 98 P
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1988) Volume 98 p. 553-559. BARN OWL FOOD HABITS IN INDIANA Allen R. Parker Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish & Wildlife Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program 300 West First St. Bloomington, Indiana 47403 ABSTRACT: Pellets from barn owls {Tyto alba) were col- lected in Indiana from 1983 to 1987. Skulls, mandibles, palate fragments, and non-principal prey parts were identified and tallied. Prey biomass was estimated using weights from the literature. Of the 12,905 prey items identified, 66% of them were voles {Microtus spp. and Synaptomys cooperi). Major prey buffer species were deer mice {Peromyscus sp.) and short-tailed shrews {Blarina brevicauda). Regional examination of food habits was conducted on 16 areas, and vole dependence ranged from 31% to 80%. The meadow vole {M. pennsylvanicus) was the most important prey species in all but the southwestern coun- ties, where the prairie vole {M. ochrogaster) was most impor- tant. Seasonally, food habits varied only slightly. The mean weight per prey item was lower in Indiana than were those reported for other States. INTRODUCTION The common barn owl {Tyto alba pratincola) is on endangered species lists in 7 midwestern states (Rosenburg, 1986), and its decline has been attributed to changes in agricultural practices (Colvin, 1985). Past research in the Ohio Valley and the eastern United States has revealed that the meadow vole {Microtus penn- sylvanicus) is the primary prey of the barn owl (Colvin and McLean, 1986; Pearson and Pearson, 1947; Rosenburg, 1986). Analysis of small collections of barn owl pellets from Indiana supported this finding (Castrale, et al., 1983).