OWNER(S): Glen Prior MAILING ADDRESS: 793 Birch Avenue, Sherwood Park, Alberta T8A 1X2
OPERATOR(S) [who paid for the work]: Glen Prior
MAILING ADDRESS: 793 Birch Avenue, Sherwood Park, Alberta T8A 1X2
REPORT KEYWORDS (lithology, age, stratigraphy, structure, alteration, mineralization, size and attitude. Do not use abbreviations or codes) Spike Peak intrusive suite, Middle Jurassic, quartz monzonite, porphyry copper, propylitic alteration, chalcopyrite, malachite, Babine Lake, Tachek Creek
REFERENCES TO PREVIOUS ASSESSMENT WORK AND ASSESSMENT REPORT NUMBERS: Assessment Report Numbers: 34801, 34333, 33645, 31660, 26329, 25511, 22025, 20794, 19556, 16874, 4479 (see also Previous Work section of report). TYPE OF WORK IN EXTENT OF WORK ON WHICH CLAIMS PROJECT COSTS
THIS REPORT (in metric units) APPORTIONED
(incl. support)
GEOLOGICAL (scale, area)
Ground, mapping
Photo interpretation
GEOPHYSICAL (line-kilometres)
Ground
Magnetic
Electromagnetic
Induced Polarization
Radiometric
Seismic
Other
Airborne
GEOCHEMICAL (number of samples analysed for …)
Soil
Silt 2 samples TAC Title No. $4,980.87 Rock 1060516
Other DRILLING (total metres, number of holes, size, storage location)
Core
Non-core
RELATED TECHNICAL
Sampling / Assaying
Petrographic
Mineralographic
Metallurgic
PROSPECTING (scale/area)
PREPATORY / PHYSICAL
Line/grid (km)
Topo/Photogrammetric (scale, area)
Legal Surveys (scale, area)
Road, local access (km)/trail
Trench (number/metres)
Underground development (metres)
Other
TOTAL $4,980.87 COST TAC Property Rock Geochemistry,
Omineca Mining Division, British Columbia
Claim: TAC (Title Number 1060516)
Mining Division: Omineca
NTS Map Sheet: 93L/09
Location: 54.744° N Latitude, 126.183° W Longitude
Owner: Glen Prior Sherwood Park, Alberta
Author: Glen Prior Sherwood Park, Alberta
Date Submitted: 2019-May-29
Statement of Work Event Number: 5740843 Table of Contents
Summary 1
Introduction 2
Location and Access 2
Claim Description 2
Physiography 2
Previous Work 6
Geological Terrane Setting 10
Regional Geology 11
Property Geology 14
Bedrock Geology 14
Surficial Geology 14
Mineralization 16
Highlights of Previous Exploration 16
Previous Drilling Results 16
Previous Trenching Results 19
2018 Exploration Program 20
Overview 20
Field Access 20
Trench Locations 20
Laboratory Methods 21
Geochemical Results 22
Discussion and Conclusions 34
Recommendations 35
References 36
Qualifications 39
Expenditures 40
ii Tables
Table 1. Summary of copper, molybdenum and gold results for samples collected in 2010 from Altiplano Mineral Limited trenches TR10-08, TR10-09 and TR10-10. 19
Figures
Figure 1. Location of the TAC property within British Columbia. 3
Figure 2. Location of the TAC property within NTS map area 093L/09. 4
Figure 3. Map showing claims and roads in the TAC property area. 5
Figure 4. Geological terranes of British Columbia showing location of the TAC property. 10
Figure 5a. Regional geology map. 12
Figure 5b. Regional geological lithology legend and stratigraphic chart. 10
Figure 6. Bedrock geology of the TAC property showing drill hole and trench data. 15
Figure 7. Bedrock geology of the TAC property showing 2018 sample data. 23
Figure 8. SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O alkaline – subalkaline diagram. 24
Figure 9. AFM diagram. 25
Figure 10. SiO2 versus K2O magma series classification diagram. 26
Figure 11. Upper half of QAPF diagram. 27
Figure 12. SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O rock classification diagram. 28
Figure 13. Zr/TiO2 versus SiO2 volcanic rock classification diagram. 29
Figure 14. Ternary CaO+Na2O–Al2O3–K2O molecular concentration diagram. 30
Figure 15. Molecular concentrations of (2Ca+Na+K)/Al versus molecular concentrations of K/Al. 31
Figure 16. Binary plot showing molar concentrations of Ca/Al versus showing molar concentrations of Mg/Al for 216 nonhydrated, subalkaline rhyolitic obsidian analyses published by the USGS. 33
Figure 17. Binary plot showing molar concentrations of Ca/Al versus showing molar concentrations of Mg/Al for two Tachek Creek south occurrence samples. 33
iii Appendices
Appendix 1: Rock Sample Descriptions 42
Appendix 2: Analytical Results 44
iv Summary
The TAC property, which consists of the 37.34 hectare TAC claim, is located in north-central British Columbia approximately 50 km northeast of Houston and 16 km south of Granisle. The centre of the property lies about 1 km east of Highway 118, which joins Topley on Highway 16 with Granisle, within the northern part of the Topley (93L/09) NTS map area.
The TAC property is underlain primarily by quartz monzonite of the Middle Jurassic Spike Peak intrusive suite. The Tachek Creek south showing, which lies within the western part of the property, exhibits significant copper mineralization within a propylitic alteration zone believed to be part of a porphyry copper system. Two rock samples collected in 2018 returned up to 0.50% Cu and 0.86 g/t Au. Previous chip sampling has yielded values of up to 0.24% Cu over a length of 12.4 m. The best intersection obtained during previous drilling in 1969 and 1970 was 0.22% Cu over 42.7 m from percussion hole T-31 in the north-central part of the claim. The lowermost 15.2 m of this hole also returned an average of
0.094% MoS2.
The only exposed bedrock on the property occurs along Tachek Creek, which is bordered by steep banks. Elsewhere drilling data indicates overburden depths across the property of 20 to 56 m. The thickness of the overburden makes the exploration effectiveness of conventional soil surveys and I.P surveys questionable.
Exploration drilling within the boundaries of the TAC claim has been relatively shallow. Vertical depths vary from 61 to 127 m in eight holes (excluding two holes abandoned in overburden). It is recommended that a diamond drill hole be drilled to a vertical depth of approximately 300 m at a location about 100 m south of Noranda percussion hole T-31, which ended in mineralization at a depth of 76.2 m. The main purpose of the recommended hole would be to test the strength of the copper-molybdenum (+/- gold) mineralization at significantly greater depths than previous drilling.
1 Introduction
Location and Access
The TAC property is located in north-central British Columbia approximately 50 km northeast of Houston and 16 km south of Granisle (Figures 1 and 2). The centre of the property lies about 1 km east of Highway 118, which joins Topley on Highway 16 with Granisle, within the northern part of the Topley (93L/09) NTS map area.
The western property boundary lies within 500 m of Highway 118. A logging road network extends eastward from an intersection with Highway 118 about 200 m south of Tachek Creek. These logging roads provide truck access to within 500 m of the eastern property boundary (Figure 3).
Claim Description
The TAC property consists of the TAC mineral claim (title number 1060516) within the Omineca Mining Division. The TAC claim was recorded on May 9, 2018 and covers 37.34 hectares. The TAC claim is owned (100%) by Glen Prior of Sherwood Park, Alberta.
Physiography
The TAC property lies within the Nechako Plateau, which forms the northwestern part of the Interior Plateau (Holland, 1976). Elevations across the TAC property vary from about 920 m to 960 m. Tachek Creek, which flows in a northerly direction towards Babine Lake, lies in the western part of the property. Tachek Creek is deeply incised into the landscape and has steep banks. Elsewhere the terrain is undulating with relatively gentle slopes. The property is heavily forested.
2 Figure 1. Location of the TAC property (black star) within British Columbia. Base map from B.C. Ministry of Energy and Mines MapPlace.
3 Figure 2. Location of the TAC property (black rectangle) within NTS map area 093L/09. Roads shown in red, NTS map sheet labels shown in green. Map data from digital files licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
4 Figure 3. Map showing claims and roads in the TAC property area. Logging road locations in the TAC property area are based on field GPS data. Not all roads are shown. Base data includes information from BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources MapPlace and digital files licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
5 Previous Work
• 1968/69 (Noranda Exploration Limited)
“Mineralization was recognized by prospectors in Tachek Creek and Noranda staked 170 claims to further test the area. In 1968 and 1969 work included: geological mapping, geochemical (soil and silt sampling) and geophysical surveys (both induced polarization and magnetic surveying), road building, 1,725 metres of percussion drilling and 1,015 metres of diamond drilling (Noranda Exploration Report, 1969)” (Strickland, 2012, p. 10). All of the Noranda drilling was undertaken in 1969 (Noranda, 1970). Seven holes from this program are located within the TAC claim.
• 1968/69 (Tro-Buttle Exploration Ltd.)
“A soil survey was undertaken intended to aid in the definition of a porphyry environment. A total of 47 line-miles were blazed, picketed and flagged and 1267 soil samples were collected (Dirom, 1969). Several anomalous copper and molybdenum values were found, but appeared discontinuous” (Strickland, 2012, p. 10). This work occurred north and east of the TAC claim.
• 1970 (Taseko Mines Limited)
“Taseko Mines Limited completed 3 diamond drill holes totalling 320 metres in 1970 …” (Carter, 1992, p. 2). These holes are located within the TAC claim.
• 1970 (Tro-Buttle Exploration Ltd.)
“A further geochemical survey was mounted to follow up the anomalies discovered in 1969 and complete coverage of the claims held at that time (Alrae Engineering Ltd., 1970). A further 24 line-miles of flagged lines were established and 680 new soil samples were collected. Additional anomalous copper values were identified. Alrae Engineering Ltd reported … that there were numerous samples with copper over 90 ppm, however the results are intermittent” (Strickland, 2012, p. 10). This work occurred northeast and east of the TAC claim.
• 1972 (Twin Peak Resources Ltd. and Cobre Exploration Ltd.)
“The porphyry copper occurrences of the Smithers-Babine Lake area contain varying amounts of disseminated magnetite associated with biotite alteration such that an airborne magnetic survey was undertaken…. Several areas of magnetic highs were identified” (Strickland, 2012, p. 10).
6 • 1973 (Perry, Knox, Kaufman, Inc.)
Geoterrex carried out an IP survey and identified anomalous zones that were recommended for follow-up drill testing (Lloyd, 1973).
“Three vertical diamond drill holes were completed by Perry, Knox and Kaufman, Inc. in 1973 to test IP anomalies between the Topley granite exposures in Tachek Creek and the highway” (Carter, 1990, p. 11). Hole T-3 was drilled south of the TAC claim. Holes T-l and T-2, located west of the TAC claim “… intersected argillaceous siltstones containing up to 10% pyrite and minor pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite” (Carter, 1990, p. 11).
• 1987 (Gerard Auger)
Work on Gold Dust I and II claims included prospecting, geological mapping and rock sample collection (Carter, 1988). The TAC claim lies within the southeast part of the former Gold Dust II claim. “A 1270 ppb gold value near the contact between granitic and volcanic rocks and low silver values in siltstones immediately adjacent to the granitic contact indicates an enhancement of precious metals values in this environment” (Carter, 1988, p. 7).
• 1989 (Nick Carter)
Detailed rock sampling and geological mapping along Tachek Creek (Carter, 1990).
Review of previous percussion and diamond drilling carried out by Noranda Exploration Company, Ltd. and by Perry, Knox, Kaufman, Inc. (Carter, 1990).
• 1991 (Nick Carter)
A VLF-EM geophysical survey was completed over 12.5 km of flagged lines on the Gold Dust II mineral claim (Carter, 1990).
7 • 1991 (Nick Carter)
Sixty-eight samples of drill core and percussion hole cuttings were collected from previously drilled holes (Carter, 1992). Samples were collected from the following holes: - Taseko – 1970 – diamond drill holes TK-1, TK-2 and TK-3; - Noranda – 1969 – diamond drill holes 2, 3, 4 and 6; - Noranda – 1969 – percussion holes 9, 10, 12, 16, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32.
Carter (1992) includes a compilation map of previous drilling and rock sample sites.
Based on drill logs Carter, 1992) determined that overburden is about 40 m thick throughout much of the area.
• 1993 (Cominco Ltd.)
“Cominco conducted an Induced Polarization/Resistivity survey on the property adjacent to the original “Gold Dust” claims to follow-up some of the previous alteration and samples, suggesting the presence of a Cu-Mo porphyry system” (Strickland, 2012, p. 11).
• 1997 (Hudson Bay Exploration)
Work included line cutting, a ground EM survey, a ground magnetic survey, and the collection of 69 B-horizon soil samples (Strickland, 2012). This work was completed north of the TAC claim.
• 1998-1999 (Hudson Bay Exploration)
“Work in 1998 included a further 16 km of geophysical surveying and line-cutting (Strickland, 2012, p. 12).
In 1999 seven diamond drill holes were completed. “The exploration activities associated with the recent diamond drill program resulted in work being done on the Ful and 2 mineral tenures, as well as the Len 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 mineral tenures” (Dunning, 2000). These claims were located north, west and southwest of the TAC claim.
• 2006 (NXA Inc.)
“An exploration program of 15 km of line-cutting, Induced Polarization (“IP”) and Magnetic geophysical surveys, reconnaissance prospecting and geochemical soil surveying was undertaken in 2006 by NXA Inc. IP data collected during the work program indicated that the possible zones of mineralization have a geophysical signature consisting of low magnetic susceptibility and low resistivity (high conductivity). An analysis by NXA indicated that the historical drilling … may not have tested the current geophysical signatures” (Strickland, 2012, p. 12).
8 • 2010 (Altiplano Minerals Limited)
“Between July 17 to August 2, 2010 Altiplano Minerals Limited, undertook a field program consisting of trenching, prospecting/rock sampling, geological mapping (in the Tachek Creek north and south areas plus detailed mapping of the trenches) and soil sampling. Overall, fieldwork collected 84 chip samples from the trenches, 2 float rock samples, 2 grab rock samples from outcrop, and 520 soil samples” (Strickland, 2012, p. 12). Soil samples were collected on two grids (north and south) with 25 metre stations and 50 metre line spacings for a total of 520 soil samples (Malahoff, 2010).
“Several continuous rock chip samples returned elevated values of copper and molybdenite over intervals up to 18 metres wide. In general, wide spread copper mineralization, in exposed outcrop, was observed extending from Tachek Creek north to Tachek Creek south, a distance of 1125 metres" (Malahoff, 2010, p. 4).
• 2012 (Altiplano Minerals Limited)
Eighteen continuous rock chip samples and 175 soil samples (collected from seven 1000 meter lines spaced at 200 meter intervals) were collected from the GD property. "Geological fieldwork encompassed investigating the previously sampled trenches with a focus on structure, alteration, and mineralisation. Check sampling was done by collecting 2 continuous rock chip samples per 2010 trench" (Strickland, 2012, p. 28). Six of the rock chip samples, from “Tachek Creek South”, were from ground now covered by the TAC claim. The 2012 soil samples were collected south of the TAC claim (Strickland, 2012).
• 2013 (Altiplano Minerals Limited)
Six rock grab samples and 186 soil samples were collected during the 2013 exploration program of the GD property. The soil samples were collected from the Ah horizon and upper part of the B horizon claim (Roik and Robinson, 2013). Most of the soil samples (collected along east-west lines) were taken southwest of the ground now covered by the TAC claim but some of the samples from the northern sampling line (69650 N) were collected within the southernmost part of the TAC
• 2014 (Altiplano Minerals Limited)
Two rock samples and179 soil samples were collected from GD property in 2014. The soil samples were mainly taken from the Ah horizon. The soil samples were collected west and north of what is now the TAC claim and rock samples were collected west of the TAC claim (Dzemua and Williamson, 2014).
9 Geological Terrane Setting
The TAC property lies within the central part of Stikinia (Figure 4). “Stikinia is a tectonostratigraphic terrane in the Canadian Cordillera that formed in a volcanic arc environment during Paleozoic and Mesozoic time” (Currie and Parrish, 1997, p. 1402).
Figure 4. Geological terranes of British Columbia (from Colpron and Nelson, 2011) showing location of the TAC property (near the centre of red circle).
10 Regional Geology
The regional geological setting of the Tachek Creek property is shown in Figure 5a.
“The project area lies along the eastern margin of the Stikine volcanic arc terrane, which is the largest terrane of the Intermontane tectonic belt and is dominated by Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic island arc volcanic, sedimentary, and related plutonic rocks, belonging to the Asitka, Hazelton, and Takla Groups (MacIntyre et al., 2001; Strickland, 2012). The Asitka Group is characterized by Carboniferous to Permian limestones and chloritic metavolcanic rocks. The Takla Group comprises Middle to Late Triassic porphyritic basalt flows with augite phenocrysts, conglomerates, and related marine sedimentary units (Maclntyre et al., 1987). The Hazelton Group comprises Early to Middle Jurassic rocks, which have been subdivided into 4 formations namely Telkwa, Nilkitkwa, Saddle Hill, and Smithers. The Telkwa formation consists of Lower Jurassic polymictic conglomerates, porphyritic andesites, tuffs, and breccia; the Nilkitwa formation consists of Early Jurassic epiclastic sedimentary rocks, amygdaloidal basalt flows, conglomerates, tuffs, siltstones, argillites, and limestones; the Saddle Hill formation is characterized by Early to Middle Jurassic subaerial and submarine volcanic rocks including basalts, tuffs, andesite, and rhyolites; and the Smithers formation is characterized by various clastic sedimentary units, limestone, and volcanic rocks (Strickland, 2012; Roik and Robinson, 2013)” (Dzemua and Williamson (2014, p. 10).
“The Topley intrusive suite includes the 218 Ma Tachek stock, which is a large granitic body separated from the Hazelton and Takla Groups by a high angle fault (Macintyre et al., 1996; Schiarizza and Maclntyre, 1999; Strickland, 2012). It is cross-cut by younger, 2-10 m wide quartz-hornblende-biotite porphyry dykes, one of which has been dated at 176 Ma (Carter, 1981; MacIntyre et al., 2001; Strickland, 2012). The dykes likely belong to the Early to Middle Jurassic Spike Peak intrusion suite characterized by quartz diorite to granodiorite and quartz monzonite. The Spike Peak units are similar in many aspects to the Tachek stock and are common in the eastern side of the Babine Lake (MacIntyre et al., 2001). The Spike Peak intrusive suite outcrops along Tachek Creek and hosts most of the copper mineralization identified in the project area (Strickland, 2012). Multiple phases of the Spike Peak units have been reported … (Strickland, 2012; Roik and Robinson, 2013)” (Dzemua and Williamson, 2014, p. 12).
“Structurally, the … area is part of a basin-and-range type horst and graben structures and must have experienced repeated pulses of melt generation above a subduction zone complex (MacIntyre et al., 2001; Strickland, 2012; Roik and Robinson, 2013)” (Dzemua and Williamson, 2014, p. 12).
11 Figure 5a. Regional geology map (MacIntyre, 2001; Cui et al., 2017). See Figure 5b for lithology legend.
12 Eocene Newman Formation EONcg Basal Conglomerate Member: heterolithic boulder to pebble conglomerate, poorly sorted; [Ecg] basal conglomerate
Middle Jurassic Spike Peak Intrusive Suite MJSPT Tachek Creek Phase: biotite-hornblende-plagioclase porphyritic granodiorite to quartz [MJp] diorite (178-176 Ma)
MJSPgd Quartz Monzonite Phase: biotite-hornblende granodiorite to quartz monzonite; medium to [MJg] coarse grained; grey to salmon weathering (179-176 Ma)
Lower Jurassic to Middle Jurassic Hazelton Group lmJHSH Hazelton Group - Saddle Hill Formation: undivided subaerial to submarine basalt, [lmJv] andesite, dacite and rhyolite flows, tuffs and related volcaniclastic rocks
Late Triassic Topley Intrusive Suite LTrgd biotite-hornblende-plagioclase granodiorite, quartz diorite; medium to coarse grained; [LTg] equigranular to megacrystic, grey to pink weathering (218 Ma U-Pb isotopic age)
Takla Group uTrTv undivided pyroxene phyric basalt, andesite, and breccia; lesser amounts of felsic tuff and [uTT] marine sedimentary rocks
uTrTD Dewar Formation: siltstone, mudstone, minor limestone, dark grey to black, graphitic and [uTTa] calcareous, medium-bedded
Early Permian to Middle Triassic Deformed Asitka Group or Takla Group PTrgs metavolcanic rocks; chlorite and chlorite-sericite phyllite and schist, minor argillaceous [PTv] limestone, graphitic schist; moderate to strong foliation
Early Permian Asitka Group Pals massive, grey, bioclastic limestone; argillaceous, thin bedded, recrystallized limestone with [lPA] chert nodules
Figure 5b. Regional geology lithology legend and stratigraphic chart (MacIntyre, 2001; Cui et al., 2017). Upper rock unit labels are from Cui et al. (2017) and lower rock unit labels [in brackets] are from MacIntyre (2001).
13 Property Geology
Bedrock Geology
The bedrock geology of the TAC property area is shown in Figure 6.
“The oldest rocks exposed in Tachek Creek north and south are intrusive rocks of the Middle Jurassic Spike Peak Intrusive Suite (Quartz Monzonite Phase granodioritic intrusive rocks). The intrusive rock typically seen in the north and south regions is quartz monzonite (granitic) in composition. This quartz monzonite unit is generally medium grained, weakly magnetic, moderately dark grey, pinkish to salmon coloured weathering. A greenish tinge to the intrusive rock is a result of alteration minerals consisting of chlorite/epidote and a patchy pinkish colour may be a result of potassium feldspar alteration. Estimated percentages of minerals within the quartz monzonite include approximately 80% feldspar, 15% quartz, and 5% biotite…. The Spike Peak Intrusive Suite is cut by many younger … porphyry and diabase dykes (Strickland, 2012, p. 17).
At the Tachek Creek south showing area three types of dikes have been observed. “First and most common is the feldspar-hornblende-quartz eye porphyry dyke. This dyke is feldspar rich and pinkish red in colour. A greenish tinge is due to chloritized hornblende. Estimated mineral concentrations include 85% feldspar, 12% hornblende, and 3% quartz eyes. Secondly, a crowed porphyry dyke with 65% feldspar, 30% quartz, and 5% biotite was observed and is a dark grey colour. Thirdly, an andesitic to mafic dyke intrudes the feldspar-hornblende-quartz eye porphyry dyke” (Strickland, 2012, p. 17-18).
Surficial Geology
Levson (2002) shows the area of the TAC claim to occur primarily within an area mapped as undulating, resedimented, glacial debris (unit gMh) and undulating glacial fluvial outwash (unit Fgu).
“The area “… is covered by extensive glacial deposits of variable thickness and has only limited outcrops, which occur mainly along the Tachek Creek canyon” (Dzemua and Williamson (2014, p. 2).
“Thick overburden cover over much of the claim area precludes the use of soil geochemistry as an effective exploration tool” (Carter, 1992b, p 4).
14 Figure 6. Bedrock geology of the TAC property (MacIntyre, 2001; Cui et al., 2017) showing drill hole and trench data. Drill hole numbers with a TK prefix are 1970 Taseko holes. Drill hole numbers without a prefix are 1969 Noranda holes. VD = vertical depth of hole. EIM = ended in mineralization. Base data includes information from BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources MapPlace and digital files licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
15 Mineralization
“Primary Cu mineralization is predominantly hosted within Early to Middle Jurassic Spike Peak quartz monzonite intrusions. The Cu mineralization within these rocks is dominated by malachite and chalcopyrite, which are mainly associated with fractures (Strickland, 2012; Roik and Robinson, 2013). Molybdenite, azurite, and magnetite have also been observed in fractures along Tachek Creek. These minerals have been observed along faults … especially in the northern part of Tachek Creek. Copper mineralization has also been observed associated with porphyry and diabase dykes (Strickland, 2012; Roik and Robinson, 2013). These mineralizations are commonly associated with weak to moderate propylitic, argillic, sericite, and potassic alterations” (Dzemua and Williamson, 2014, p. 14).
Carter (1992) determined that grades encountered in the percussion holes were variable “… with consistently better values in holes 14, 31 and 32.... Values in these holes were in the order of 0.20% copper and 0.06% molybdenite over much of the hole lengths - some samples yielded up to 0.62% copper and 0.11% molybdenite (Carter, 1992, p. 10). These holes lie within the north-central part of the TAC claim.
Carter (1992) also noted that much of vertical drill hole TK-1, which lies in the same area as Noranda percussion holes 14, 31 and 32, was drilled in hornblende-biotite-feldspar porphyry that cuts typical grey granodiorite. “Disseminations and stringers of magnetite are widespread and sulphide minerals (principally pyrite) coat fracture surfaces” (Carter, 1992, p. 10).
Highlights of Previous Exploration
Previous Drilling Results
Summary data for drill holes lying within the TAC claim are presented below. See Figure 6 for hole locations. Information is from an undated Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd report that includes drill logs for the 1969 Noranda drilling and analytical certificates for the 1970 Taseko Mines Ltd. drill holes 1 and 2 (but not hole 3). For the purposes of citation this report is referred to as Noranda (1970). Analytical data for the 1970 Taseko drill holes 1, 2 and 3 are found in Chemex (1970).
16 • Noranda – 1969 – DDH No. 4 Length: 505 feet (153.9 m) Vertical Depth: 117.9 m (relative to collar elevation) Inclination: -50° E Casing: 112 feet (34.1 m) Overburden: 25.4 m (corrected for hole inclination; assumes casing drilled one m into bedrock) From 360 to 370 feet (109.7 to 112.8 m): 0.25% Cu over 10 feet (3.1 m) From 440 to 505 feet (134.1 m to 153.9 m): 0.14% Cu over 65 feet (19.8 m) Mineralized intervals in diorite with epidote and K-feldspar noted. The hole ended in copper mineralization. Most of hole drilled in red granite and altered granite with no indication of mineralization (other than magnetite).
• Noranda – 1969 – DDH No. 5 Length: 501 feet (152.7 m) Vertical Depth: 117.0 m (relative to collar elevation) Inclination: -50° W Casing: 108 feet (32.9 m) – bedrock at 101 feet (30.78 m) Overburden: 23.6 m (corrected for hole inclination) From 310 to 350 feet (94.5 to 106.8 m): 0.07% Cu over 40 feet (12.2 m) Mineralized interval in diorite with epidote and K-feldspar noted. Most of hole drilled in red granite and altered granite with little or no indication of mineralization (other than magnetite).
• Noranda – 1969 – Percussion Hole No. T-14 Length: 250 feet (76.2 m) Inclination: -90° Casing: 70 feet (21.3 m) Overburden: 20.3 m (assumes casing drilled one m into bedrock) From 70 feet (21.3 m; casing depth) to 250 feet (76.2 m): 0.10% Cu over 180 feet (54.6 m) Copper grade is based on 7 non-continuous samples (each over a 10 foot (3 m) interval) distributed throughout the hole. The hole ended in copper mineralization. The log does not include geological descriptions.
• Noranda – 1969 – Percussion Hole No. T-15 (Abandoned) Length: 130 feet (39.6 m) Inclination: -90° Casing: 130 feet (39.6 m) Overburden: > 39.6 m (hole abandoned in overburden)
17 • Noranda – 1969 – Percussion Hole No. T-20 (Abandoned) Length: 130 feet (39.6 m) Inclination: -90° Casing: 130 feet (39.6 m) Overburden: > 39.6 m (hole abandoned in overburden) – overburden described as gravel
• Noranda – 1969 – Percussion Hole No. T-31 Length: 250 feet (76.2 m) Inclination: -90° Casing: 70 feet (21.3 m) Overburden: 20.3 m (assumes casing drilled one m into bedrock) From 110 feet (33.5 m) to 250 feet (76.2 m; end of hole): 0.22% Cu over 140 feet (42.7 m) Copper grade is based on continuous 10 foot (3 m) samples. The highest copper value returned was 0.62% Cu over 10 feet (3 m). The lowermost 50 feet (15.2 m) also returned an average of 0.094% MoS2. The hole ended in copper and molybdenum mineralization.
• Noranda – 1969 – Percussion Hole No. T-32 Length: 200 feet (61 m) Inclination: -90° Casing: 70 feet (21.3 m) Overburden: 20.3 m (assumes casing drilled one m into bedrock) From 70 feet (21.3 m) to 200 feet (61 m; end of hole): 0.12% Cu over 130 feet (39.6 m) Copper grade is based on continuous 10 foot samples. The hole ended in copper mineralization. The highest molybdenum result was 0.09% MoS2 over 10 feet (3.0 m).
• Taseko – 1970 – DDH #1 (TK-1) Length: 106.6 m (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Inclination: -90° (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Overburden: 22.9 m (Carter, 1992, p. 9). From 75 feet to 220 feet (22.9 m to 67.1 m): 0.075% Cu over 148 feet (44.2 m) These numbers are based on Chemex Labs Ltd. analytical report with hand written annotations indicating drill hole numbers and depths (Noranda, 1970). No drill log is available. Taseko diamond drill hole TK-1 was resampled and analyzed by Carter (1992). His sampling, which was continuous, returned a weighted average of 0.081% Cu over 44.2 m between 22.9 m and 67.1 m.
18 • Taseko – 1970 – DDH #2 (TK-2) Length: 126.8 m (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Inclination: -90° (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Overburden: 45.9 m (Carter, 1992, p. 9). From 150 feet (45.7 m) to 160 feet (48.8 m): 0.25% Cu over 10 feet (3.0 m) From 280 feet (85.3) to 330 feet (100.6): 0.14% Cu over 50 feet (15.2 m) The numbers shown above are based on Chemex Labs Ltd. analytical report with hand written annotations indicating drill hole numbers and depths (Noranda, 1970). Taseko diamond drill hole TK-2 was resampled and analyzed by Carter (1992). His sampling, which was continuous, returned the following results: From 45.7 m to 54.9 m: 0.23% Cu over 9.2 m. From 87.8 m to 101.5 m: 0.14% Cu over 13.7 m.
• Taseko – 1970 – DDH #3 (TK-3) Length: 86.9 m (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Inclination: -90° (Carter, 1992, p. 9) Overburden: 56.4 m Carter (1992, p.9) From 210 to 220 feet (64.0 to 67.1 m): 0.06% Cu over 10 feet (3.0 m) These numbers are based on Chemex Labs Ltd. analytical report with hand written annotations indicating hole numbers and depths (Chemex Labs Ltd., 1970).
Previous Trenching Results
In 2010 Altiplano Mineral Limited collected rock samples from three trenches (TR10-08 to TR10-10) now located within the TAC claim (Malahoff, B.T., 2010). A summary of the trenching results is presented in tabular form below. The highest individual sample results, all from Trench TR10-09 and all over 1 m sample intervals, are 0.547% Cu, 0.035% Mo and 0.248 g/t Au (each from different samples).
Trench Length (m) Cu (ppm) Mo (ppm) Au (ppb) TR10-08 18.0 879 33 41 TR10-09 12.4 2404 126 71 TR10-10 15.0 1083 65 17
Table 1. Summary of copper, molybdenum and gold results for samples collected in 2010 from Altiplano Mineral Limited trenches TR10-08, TR10-09 and TR10-10.
19 2018 Exploration Program
Overview
The field exploration program on the TAC claim included finding access to the area of interest (roads in the area have been poorly mapped), examining the Tachek Creek south showing area, locating trenches from previous work, and collecting two samples for geochemical analyses (whole rock ICP-AES and aqua regia ICP-MS analyses).
Analytical analyses of the two rock samples were performed by TSL Laboratories Inc. in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Rock sample descriptions are provided in Appendix 1 and analytical results are presented in Appendix 2.
Location information was obtained using a Garmin GPSMAP 64st instrument. Location units are presented in the UTM NAD83 coordinate system (Zone 9U). Horizontal accuracy, as measured by the instrument, is generally within 3 m. The instrument does not display vertical accuracy (but experience indicates that vertical data is less accurate than horizontal data).
Field Access
A very old, completely overgrown road, trending approximately east-west, was noted while walking in a westerly direction into the south showing area. Attempting to walk along this road was more difficult than walking through the nearby forest. A GPS reading of 681562E, 6069564N (UTM, NAD 83, Zone 9U) was taken along this road at a spot where the road was trending 260°. The roads shown in the TAC claim area in Figures 3 and 5a were travelled by either truck or quad and their locations determined by GPS.
Trench Locations
The “trenches” reported by Malahoff (2010) and Strickland (2012) are not actually trenches per se but rather linear trends of steep outcrop exposure that have undergone continuous sampling. There is no evidence of blasting or digging. The term trench will be used below to maintain consistency with previous reports. Several aluminum sample tags (recording trench number, sample number, and sample interval) were located along the trenches and the location of some of these were determined by a hand-held GPS unit (UTM, NAD83, Zone 9U coordinates).
681103E, 6069835N: north end of trench 10-08 (tag TRE10-08, GD10-723496, 0-2 m) about 3 m east of Tachek Creek.
681096E, 6069813N: south end of trench 10-08 about 0.5 m east of Tachek Creek.
20 681109E, 6069820N: north end of trench 10-09 (0 m mark painted on outcrop) about 1 m east of Tachek Creek.
681101E, 6069804N: south end of trench 10-09 (tag TR 10-09, GD10-723414, 11-12.4 m) about 4 m east of Tachek Creek.
681112E, 6069815N: north end of trench 10-10 (tag TR 10-10, GD10-723415, 0-1 m) on steep bank east of Tachek Creek.
681117E, 6069797N: south end of trench 10-10 (tag TR 10-10, GD10-723429, 14-15 m) on steep bank east of Tachek Creek.
Laboratory Methods (Rock Analyses)
[Laboratory method descriptions provided by Mark Acres of TSL Laboratories Inc.]
Sample Preparation
Samples received at TSL Laboratories Inc. in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan were opened, sorted and dried prior to preparation. Rock samples were crushed using a primary jaw crusher to a minimum 70% passing 10 mesh (1.70 mm).
A representative split sample was obtained by passing the entire sample through a riffler. The 250 gram sub-sample thus obtained was pulverized to a minimum 95% passing 150 mesh (106 microns).
Whole Rock Analysis
A 0.2 gram sample was fused with lithium metaborate / tetraborate and then diluted with HNO3. The solution was analyzed ICP-AES for the major oxides, Ba, Ni, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, Sc and loss on ignition (LOI).
Multi-Element ICP-MS Analysis (aqua regia extraction)
A 0.5 gram sample was digested with 3 ml of aqua regia (3:1 HCl/HNO3) at 95°C for 1 hour and then diluted to 10 ml with deionized water. The solution was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 36 elements. Aqua regia digestion may fail to liberate significant proportions of several of the reported elements (depending on sample mineralogy) including Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ga, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, V and W.
Analytical Quality Assurance
Certified reference materials (standards) and blanks were inserted into the sample batches by TSL. The data obtained on these samples were reviewed by the author and no significant issues were detected.
21 Geochemical Results
Two samples of copper mineralized, felsic, intrusive rock were collected: sample TC201 from trench 10- 10 and sample TC202 from trench 10-09. These samples were submitted to TSL Laboratories of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan for major oxide whole rock analyses and trace element ICP-MS analyses (aqua regia digestion). Sample locations are shown in Figure 7.
Comparison of sample locations to sketches of trenches 10-09 and 10-10 by Malahoff (2010) indicates that both samples were collected from his unit 3A (quartz monzonite (granitic) of Spike Peak intrusive suite).
Sample TC201 returned 1433 ppm Cu, 93.5 ppm Mo, 1.0 ppm Ag, 53.7 ppb Au, 1.74% Fe and 0.09% S (aqua regia digestion). Sample TC202 returned 5031 ppm Cu, 299.3 ppm Mo, 2.8 ppm Ag, 856.3 ppb Au, 2.16% Fe and 0.75% S (aqua regia digestion). The low iron and sulphur values are consistent with the general scarcity of pyrite observed in the rocks. The presence of 0.50% Cu in sample TC202 is of note as is the relatively high gold value (0.86 g/t Au).
22 Figure 7. Bedrock geology of the TAC property (MacIntyre, 2001; Cui et al., 2017) showing 2018 sample data. Trenches, from west to east, are 10-08, 10-09 and 10-10. Drill hole numbers with a TK prefix are 1970 Taseko holes. Drill hole numbers without a prefix are 1969 Noranda holes. Base data includes information from BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources MapPlace and digital files licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
23 The whole rock geochemical analyses of samples TC201 and TC202 provides data for geochemical rock classification. Geochemical interpretation provides a useful aid to visual identification due to the altered nature of the rock and its somewhat porphyritic nature (with aphanitic groundmass).
On the SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O diagram of Irvine and Baragar (1971) the samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plot within the field of subalkaline and tholeiitic rocks (Figure 8).
Figure 8. SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O alkaline – subalkaline diagram of Irvine and Baragar (1971) showing data for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles).
24 On the AFM diagram of Irvine and Baragar (1971) the samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plot within the field of calc-alkaline rocks (Figure 9).
Figure 9. AFM diagram of Irvine and Baragar (1971) showing samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles). ). A = Na2O + K2O, F = FeO + 0.8998 x Fe2O3, M = MgO (all in weight percent).
25 On the SiO2 versus K2O discrimination diagram of Peccerillo and Taylor (1976) the samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plot within the field of high-K, calc-alkaline series rocks (Figure 10).
Figure 10. SiO2 versus K2O magma series classification diagram (Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976) showing data for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles).
26 Figure 11 shows the upper half of the QAPF rock classification diagram (for silica saturated rocks) with normative values of quartz, alkali feldspar (normative orthoclase) and plagioclase (normative anorthite + normative albite) plotted (Streckeisen, 1976; Le Bas and Streckeisen, 1991, Whalen and Frost, 2013). Mesonorm values, calculated using the GCDkit software of Janousek, Farrow and Erban (2006), are shown as the mineral assemblage calculated for these normative values includes biotite and amphibole providing a reasonable approximation of granitic rocks (biotite and amphibole are not included in C.I.P.W. norm calculations). The two samples collected form the Tachek Creek south occurrence plot within the lower part of the granodiorite field.
Figure 11. Upper half of QAPF diagram (Streckeisen, 1976) showing QAP portion (for silica saturated rocks) with mesonorm values of quartz (normative Q), alkali feldspar (A = normative orthoclase) and plagioclase (P = normative anorthite + normative albite) for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plotted (black triangles).
27 The SiO2 versus Na2O + K2O discrimination diagram of Middlemost (1994) is shown in Figure 12. One of the samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plots within the field of quartz monzonite while the second plots along the quartz monzonite – granodiorite border.
Figure 12. SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O rock classification diagram of Middlemost (1994) showing data for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles).
28 In order to check the validity of the diagrams above that rely on K and Na, which are relatively mobile, data for the samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence are plotted on the Zr/TiO2 versus SiO2 volcanic rock classification diagram of Winchester and Floyd (1977; Figure 13). The two samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence plot within the field of rhyodacite and dacite, which corresponds approximately to granodiorite. Also, this plot is useful in confirming the non-alkaline nature of the rocks.
Figure 13. Zr/TiO2 versus SiO2 volcanic rock classification diagram of Winchester and Floyd (1977) showing data for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles). Chemically the rhyodacite and dacite field corresponds approximately to granodiorite.
29 A ternary CaO+Na2O–Al2O3–K2O diagram, with oxides expressed as molecular concentrations, is shown in Figure 14 with data for Tachek Creek south samples plotted. The sample data plot near the tie-line between plagioclase and K-feldspar. Their plotted locations, near the composition of plagioclase, do not suggest any significant K enrichment (potassic alteration), which would shift their compositions towards K-feldspar and/or biotite. Nor is there any evidence of a significant chemical shift towards muscovite (sericite) that would accompany phyllic alteration.
Figure 14. Ternary CaO+Na2O–Al2O3–K2O molecular concentration diagram showing data for samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence (black triangles).
30 A diagram showing molecular concentrations of (2Ca+Na+K)/Al versus molecular concentrations of K/Al (after Urqueta et al., 2009) with data for Tachek Creek south samples plotted is shown in Figure 15. As with the diagram above, there is no evidence of significant K metasomatism shifting rock compositions toward K-feldspar and/or biotite. The samples plot near the plagioclase–K-feldspar tie-line with no indication of abundant sericite characteristic of significant phyllic alteration.
Figure 15. Molecular concentrations of (2Ca+Na+K)/Al versus molecular concentrations of K/Al showing Tachek Creek south sample data (black triangles). Diagram after Urqueta et al. (2009).
31 In Figure 16 chemical data for 216 nonhydrated, subalkaline rhyolitic obsidian analyses published by the USGS (MacDonald et al., 1992), representing unaltered magmatic compositions from a variety of tectonic settings, are plotted on a binary diagram of Ca/Al (molar concentrations) versus Mg/Al (molar concentrations). These data provide an indication of the trend expected form unaltered felsic igneous rocks.
In Figure 17 the data for the two samples from the Tachek Creek south occurrence are plotted on a similar diagram along with analyses published by MacIntyre et al. (2001) for felsic intrusive rocks form the Babine Lake area: four samples of the Early to Middle Jurassic Spike Peak Intrusive Suite and four samples of the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Topley Intrusive Suite. Note that the rock analyses from MacIntyre et al. (2001), although limited in number, follow the same general trend as the subalkaline rhyolitic obsidian data. However, the two Tachek Creek south samples lie well above the trend consistent with the formation of chlorite and loss of calcium during propylitic alteration.
32 Figure 16. Binary plot showing molar concentrations of Ca/Al versus showing molar concentrations of Mg/Al for 216 nonhydrated, subalkaline rhyolitic obsidian analyses published by the USGS (MacDonald et al., 1992).
Figure 17. Binary plot showing molar concentrations of Ca/Al versus showing molar concentrations of Mg/Al for two Tachek Creek south occurrence samples (black triangles) and analyses published by MacIntyre et al. (2001) for four samples of the Spike Peak Intrusive Suite (blue circles) and four samples of the Topley Intrusive Suite (green squares).
33 Discussion and Conclusions
Outcrop in the property area appears to be limited to local exposures along Tachek Creek with the remainder covered by thick overburden (including transported till and glaciofluvial sediment). Drill hole data indicates that overburden (outside of the steep sided Tachek Creek valley) varies from 20 m to 56 m thick. The thickness of the overburden makes the exploration effectiveness of conventional soil surveys and I.P surveys questionable.
Two rock samples collected from the Tachek Creek south showing in 2018 returned significant values in copper (0.14% and 0.50% Cu) and up to 0.86 g/t Au. The copper values are consistent with results obtained from previous exploration programs (the Au value is somewhat higher).
Field observations and geochemical data interpretation indicates that (i) the host rock for copper mineralization at the Tachek Creek south occurrence is a calc-alkaline quartz monzonite and (ii) the occurrence lies within a zone of chloritic (propylitic) alteration. No potassium enrichment is noted in the geochemical data despite the very weak potassic alteration noted in outcrop. This may reflect potassium redistribution within the rock with little or no potassium metasomatic addition.
Given the significant copper mineralization in both outcrop and drill holes identified by previous exploration, coupled with the felsic to intermediate intrusive nature of the host rock and the style of mineralization, it seems likely that the Tachek Creek south showing is part of a porphyry copper system. As the Tachek Creek south showing lies within the propylitic zone of alteration it is likely that an associated potassic alteration zone occurs nearby. If so, it would be reasonable to expect higher metal grades over greater widths in the potassic zone.
Percussion hole number T-31, a vertical percussion hole drilled by Noranda in 1969, intersected 0.22% Cu over 42.7 m from 33.5 m to the end of the hole at 76.2 m. The lowermost 15.2 m also returned an average of 0.094% MoS2 (the log for this hole includes analytical values but not geological descriptions). This hole is located approximately 335 m NE of the Tachek Creek south showing in the north-central part of the TAC claim. It seems likely that location of hole T-31 is closer to the mineralized (potassic) core of the porphyry system than the propylitic Tachek Creek south occurrence. Three other holes drilled in this area (Noranda holes T-14 and T-32 and Taseko hole TK-1) also returned significant copper values over considerable widths with two of the three holes ending in copper mineralization. Drill hole depths (T-14, T-31, T-32 and TK-1) range from 61 to 127 m and overburden thickness varies from 20 to 23 m.
Noranda diamond drill hole 4, an inclined hole drilled eastward about 150 m north of the Tachek Creek south showing, also ended in copper mineralization (0.14% Cu over 19.8 m).
34 Recommendations
Exploration drilling within the boundaries of the TAC claim has been relatively shallow. Vertical depths vary from 61 to 127 m in eight holes (excluding two holes abandoned in overburden). It is recommended that a diamond drill hole be drilled to a vertical depth of approximately 300 m at a location about 100 m south of Noranda percussion hole T-31, which ended in significant copper and molybdenum mineralization at a depth of 76.2 m. The main purpose of the recommended hole would be to test the strength of the copper and molybdenum (+/- gold) mineralization at significantly greater depths than previous drilling.
Previous reports should be examined for information regarding structural control on mineralization (e.g. fracture orientations) before determining whether the hole should be vertical or inclined. Additional field data regarding structural control of mineralization may obtained if needed.
35 References
Alrae Engineering Ltd. (1970): Report on Geochemical Survey, Totem and Babine Mineral Claims, Topley Landing Area. British Columbia Assessment Report 2727 (prepared for Tro-Buttle Exploration Ltd.), 8 p.
Carter, N. (1981): Porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits, west-central British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Bulletin 64, 150 p.
Carter, N. (1988): Geological Report on the Gold Dust I & II Mineral Claims. British Columbia Assessment Report 16874, 14 p.
Carter, N. (1990): Geological and geochemical report on the Gold Dust II mineral claim. British Columbia Assessment Report 19556, 22 p.
Carter, N. (1991): Geophysical report (VLF-EM survey) on the Gold Dust II mineral claim. British Columbia Assessment Report 20794, 19 p.
Carter, N. (1992): Geological and geochemical report on sampling of diamond drill cores and percussion hole cuttings, Gold Dust II mineral claim. British Columbia Assessment Report 22025, 28 p.
Carter, N. (1992b). Gold Dust II property, Babine Lake area, British Columbia. British Columbia Property Report 830894, 11 p.
Chemex Labs Ltd. (1970). Analytical certificate numbers 9602, 9864 and 10048. British Columbia Property File 830896, 3 p.
Colpron, M. and Nelson, J.L. (2011): A digital atlas of terranes for the northern cordillera. British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, BCGS GeoFile 2011-11.
Currie, L.D. and Parrish, R.R. (1997). Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Stikinia exposed in northwestern British Columbia: Implications for correlations in the northern Cordillera. GSA Bulletin, V. 109, p. 1402- 1420.
Cui, Y., Miller, D., Schiarizza, P., and Diakow, L.J. (2017): British Columbia digital geology. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, British Columbia Geological Survey Open File 2017-8, 9 p. [and digital provincial geology map].
Dirom, G.A. (1969): Geochemical report: Topley, Babine & Totem claims. British Columbia Assessment Report 2095 (prepared for Tro-Buttle Exploration Ltd.), 12 p.
Dunning, J. (2000): 1999 diamond drill program report including the Len 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and Ful 1, 2 Mineral Tenures. British Columbia Assessment Report 26329 (prepared for Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Co .Ltd.), 171 p.
Dzemua, G.L. and Williamson, B. (2014). Assessment report on portions of the GD property, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Assessment Report 34801 (prepared for Altiplano Minerals Ltd.), 59 p.
Holland, S. S. (1976): Landforms of British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines Bulletin 48, 138 p.
36 Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R.A. (1971): A Guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 523-548.
Janousek, V., Farrow, C.M. and Erban, V., 2006. Interpretation of whole-rock geochemical data in geochemistry: introducing geochemical data toolkit (GCDkit). Journal of Petrology, v. 47, p. 1255-1259.
Le Bas, M.J. and Streckeisen, A.L. (1991). The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks. Journal of the Geological Society, v. 148, p. 825-833.
Levson, V.M. (2002): Surficial geology compilation map of the Babine porphyry district. British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, Geological Survey Branch, Geoscience Map 2002-2, 1:100,000.
Lloyd, J. (1973): A geophysical report on a time domain induced polarization survey on the TACHI and TAK claim group near Topley Landing, British Columbia. British Columbia Assessment Report 4479 (prepared for Perry, Knox, Kaufman, Incorporated), 39 p.
MacDonald, R., Smith, R.L. and Thomas, J.E. (1992): Chemistry of subalkalic silicic obsidians. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1523, 214p.
MacIntyre, D.G. (2001): Geological compilation map Babine porphyry copper district, Central British Columbia. British Columbia Geological Survey Open File 2001-3, 1:100,000 map.
MacIntyre, D.G., Brown, D., Desjardins, P. and Mallett, P. (1987): Babine Project (93L/10, 15). B.C. Ministry of Energy and Mines, Geological Fieldwork 1986, Paper 1987-1, p. 201-222.
MacIntyre, D.G., Villeneuve, M.E. and Schiarizza, P. (2001): Timing and tectonic setting of Stikine Terrane magmatism, Babine-Takla lakes area, central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences v. 38, p. 579-601.
MacIntyre, D.G., Webster, I.C.L. and Villeneuve, M. (1996): Babine porphyry belt project: Bedrock geology of the Old Fort Mountain Area (93M/1), British Columbia. Paper 1997-1, British Columbia Geological Survey Geological Fieldwork 1996, p. 47-68).
Malahoff, B.T. (2010): Geological and Geochemical Report on the GD Property. British Columbia Assessment Report 31660 (prepared for Altiplano Minerals Limited), 130 p.
Middlemost, A.K. (1994): Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science reviews, v. 37, p. 215-224.
Noranda (1970): Exploration Report, Tachi Option. British Columbia Property File 812884 (Noranda Exploration Company Ltd), 77 p.
Peccerillo, A. and Taylor, S. R. (1976): Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 58, p. 63–81.
Roik, M. and Robinson, S. (2013): 2013 assessment report on portions of the GD property, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Assessment Report 34333 (prepared for Altiplano Minerals Ltd.), 77 p.
Schiarizza, P. and MacIntyre, D. 1999. Geology of the Babine Lake – Takla Lake area, central British Columbia (93K/11, 12, 13, 14; 93 N/3, 4, 5, 6). In Geological Fieldwork 1998, British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, Paper 1999-1, pp. 33–68.
Streckeisen, A.L. (1976). To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Science Reviews, v. 12, p. 1-33.
37 Strickland, D. (2012): Geological and geochemical report on the GD property. British Columbia Assessment Report 33645 (prepared for Altiplano Minerals Limited), 95 p.
Urqueta, E., Kyser, T.K., Clark, A.H., Stanley, C.R. and Oates, C.J. (2009): Lithogeochemistry of the Collahuasi porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal Cu–Ag (–Au) cluster, northern Chile: Pearce element ratio vectors to ore. Geochemistry, Exploration, Environment Analysis, v/ 9, p. 9-17.
Whalen, J.B. and Frost, C. (2013): The Q-ANOR diagram: a tool for petrogenetic and tectonomagmatic characterization of granitic suites. Geological Society of America, South-Central Section - 47th Annual Meeting (4-5 April 2013), poster.
Winchester, J. A. and Floyd, P. A. (1977): Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, v.20, p. 325–343.
38
Expenditures
Item Comment Cost Subtotal 4x4 pick-up (Ram 3/4 ton) Prince George to TAC claim + return 682 km @ $0.68/km $463.76 ATV (Yamaha Kodiak 4x4) Checking access on Sept. 27 1 day @ $123.35/day $123.35 InReach Communication device 2 day @ $10.00/day $20.00 Field work* G. Prior - geologist (Ph.D.) 2 day @ $800.00/day $1,600.00 Travel days G. Prior - geologist (Ph.D.) 1 day - no charge $0.00 Food and camp costs G. Prior (field work) Sept 27 and 28 2 days @ $75.00/day $150.00 Accommodation Wanakena Motel, Burns Lake, Sept. 26 1 night @ $94.92 $94.92 Report writing + compilation G. Prior - geologist (Ph.D.) 3 days @ $800.00/day $2,400.00 Rock prep + analyses Whole rock and ICP-MS (TSL) 2 samples @ $64.42 $128.84 Total: $4,980.87
*Field work dates: 2018-SEP-27 and 28
40 Appendix 1
Rock Sample Descriptions
Location Coordinates: UTM Zone 9U, NAD83
Note: The column “Weight” lists the weight of sample shipped to laboratory.
41 Sample East North Elev. Collection Description Weight (m) Date (g) TC201 681114 6069809 900 2018-SEP-28 Outcrop grab sample. "Trench" 10-10 near 6.05 m (0.05 m south of aluminum 447 tag "TR10-10, GD10-723420, 5-6 m"). Granitoid (quartz monzonite?). Weakly porphyritic. 5 to 10% light grey, anhedral quartz up to 3 mm across. 20-30% subhedral feldspar, white to salmon pink (alteration?), 1 to 5 mm long. 1-2% well-formed biotite up to 2 mm across. Groundmass is light greenish grey, siliceous. Weak propylitic (chlorite-epidote) alteration of groundmass. Weak, hairline fracture-controlled epidote. Very weak, spotty (± crystal replacement) salmon pink feldspar (potassic) alteration. Trace to 1%, fine grained chalcopyrite - disseminated and along hairline fractures. Trace fracture controlled malachite. Not magnetic. Weathers light greenish grey. Note: sketch of trench 10-10 in Malahoff (2010, Figure 21) shows this location to lie within unit 3A: quartz monzonite (granitic) of Spike Peak intrusive suite.
TC202 681103 6069807 902 2018-SEP-28 Outcrop grab sample ~4 m east of Tachek Creek. "Trench" 10-09 near 9.5 m 609 (two aluminum tags located 0.5 m to south: "TR10-09, GR10-723413, 10-11 m" and "12PSC017, 10-11 m"). Granitoid (quartz monzonite?). Feldspar porphyritic. 5 to 10% light grey, anhedral quartz up to 3 mm across. 20-40% indistinct, white, anhedral feldspar up to 5 mm long. 1-2% well-formed biotite up to 3 mm across. 1 to 2% altered-appearing hornblende up to 3 mm long. Medium grey, aphanitic groundmass. Weak spotty to pervasive propylitic (chlorite-epidote) alteration of groundmass. Very minor hairline fracture- controlled epidote. Very weak spotty and fracture controlled, salmon pink feldspar (potassic alteration). Trace to 1% fine grained, disseminated chalcopyrite. Trace amount of fracture-controlled molybdenite. Trace amount of fracture-controlled malachite. Very weak, medium brown, limonitic Fe-oxide alteration along fractures and as surface stain. Not magnetic. Weathers light brown. Note: sketch of trench 10-09 in Malahoff (2010, Figure 20) shows this location to lie within unit 3A: quartz monzonite (granitic) of Spike Peak intrusive suite.
42 Appendix 2
Analytical Results
43