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IRNA Report: [Nyanapol Boma, Wau Payam, Ayod County, Jonglei State]
[7-8 January 2015]
This IRNA Report is a product of Inter-Agency Assessment mission conducted and information compiled based on the inputs provided by partners on the ground including; government authorities, affected communities/IDPs and agencies.
Situation overview Estimated 35,000 people (10,000 IDPs and 25,000 vulnerable host population in Nyanapol (unverified) in
need of support. The IDP burden has further exerted strain on the current coping capacities of the community. The situation of the population across all sectors (except some NFI/ES) is equally negative for both host
and IDP populations. Locations are cut-off from previous supply routes and services due to conflict and flooding. Access to Nyanapol is currently only either by helicopter or footing.
The most pressing priority need is food security – with communities resorting to complex coping strategies. There are reports of livestock deaths. The WASH situation is challenged currently and perceived to become more serious in the dry season. There is only one barely functional school in Nyanapol. There is no access to medical services within the boma, with the nearest facility being over 8hrs walk. Populations feel generally safe in these locations. There is a military presence in the location. There are reports of mainly missing and separated children.
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Site overview
Location map
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Drivers and underlying factors The conflict that started on 15 December 2013 remains the main cause of vulnerability for the affected populations. This has meant that populations in these very remote locations have been cut-off from traditional sources of supplies and services. This has further been exacerbated by flooding that affected the few crops planted over the last two years. The negative impact cuts across both the IDP population and host population indiscriminately. The next cropping season begins around the middle of the year. It should not be expected that the food security situation will improve until the next cropping season is over. Meanwhile the situation is likely to get worse until then. Harvest in that season will also depend on the timely availability of seeds and tools to the communities, both host and IDPs. The majority of the IDPs interviewed expressed that they did not intend to relocate to any other location. Scope of the crisis and humanitarian profile The vulnerability affects almost the whole population in the boma, and even stretches beyond into the payam and county. The affected population in Nyanapol Boma is estimated at 35,000 individuals (being an estimated 10,000 IDPs and 25,000 host population) – pending registration and verification. The IDP population is largely women and children (hardly any male IDPs nor the elderly). This population is scattered across the villages of the boma. Most IDPs have been offered temporary accommodation by the host population.
Current population figures1
County/Payam/Boma Location Host Displaced Source Notes population population Ayod County, Wau Payam, Nyanapol 25,000 10,000 Acting Unregistered Nyanapol Boma Commissioner and unverified
Status of the population in the affected area The general security situation is reportedly safe. No attacks have been reported in the area since. However, there is a military presence in the area with a defined command structure. No reports of abuse have been reported about the military colleagues. There is residual shooting once in a while, reported to be from hunting. Many of the IDPs are female headed households. Various reasons are given for the husbands / fathers not being present (death, conscripted in to the military, etc). There are no livelihood activities in the area. No markets exist in the location. There is no access to basic social services. Due to crop failure over the last two cropping seasons, there is no own cereal production. IDPs became an extra burden. As such they depend on feeding on lalop fruit and leaves as a coping mechanism; which unfortunately causes them to have diarrhea. Cattle are reportedly dying due to an unknown disease. Access to fish is limited due to lack of fishing gears. A few people had some cereals that had been shared with them by IDPs from other locations. This community has never been assisted. While the IDPs are especially affected on other issues like emergency shelter and NFIs, the general situation is that all are equally vulnerable – particularly on food security. Suffice to say that this was the first time that the community was seeing a sizable humanitarian team in the location. Key response priorities Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
1 Based on best available figures for initial planning purposes, valid until independent registration is completed.
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While there is a clear need for services, particularly food, to maintain the peaceful status quo pattern of relations between the IDP and host communities, there is no need for formal CCCM presence in Nyanapol area. Any actor responding in the area should consider communicating with the CCCM cluster to inform about population movements and tracking. There is need for official registration of the IDPs, to know the exact population. Education Education provision needs to be one of the priorities; to stop children from becoming child soldiers. Establishment of learning spaces for easy access to school; seeing the total number of children, is highly recommended. UNICEF need to re-check with partner (CMD) for books and stationery distribution. The supply and accountability of books and stationery is highly recommended, to all children (boys and girls). Proper utilization is suggested. It was observed that the community is highly motivated to send their children (boys and girls) to school, if proper learning spaces are made available. Establishment of learning spaces with basic facilities is recommended. Three CMD teachers interviewed are receiving a salary of 250 SSPs from CMD. It is suggested to make teachers accountable to PTA or community elders. Provision of WASH facilities and clean drinking water for children is recommended. Partners need proper monitoring. Food Security and Livelihoods Immediate blanket food assistance for both IDPs and host community in all three locations Urgent assessment and investigation of livestock disease and necessary follow-up Urgent livelihoods support, particularly including distribution of fishing gears. Seed and tools distribution for the coming planting season which begins in May/June Health Pipeline support for gaps in supplies of medicines for malaria, suspected pneumonia, AWD, Provision of delivery kits (potential target based on unverified estimates: n. of children 5000, host pop. and n. of children 2000 IDPs). Mobilizing human and financial resources (including capacity building) to restore community outreach service and accelerate implementation of the basic package of health services that entails the management of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea by community-based health workers, including professional mid-wifery care. Ensure coverage for polio vaccination and measles. NFIs and Emergency Shelter Initial targeted registration and distribution of NFIs to the most vulnerable IDPs (450 HH) and host community (50 HH) in a central distribution location for villages in close proximity o Deployment of NFI team as soon as possible to carryout registration based on vulnerability selection criteria and issuing of tokens o Delivery of NFIs through the logistics cluster whilst the registration team is on the ground o Immediate distribution of NFIs Priority NFIs: blankets, mosquito nets, plastic sheets and kitchen sets. Jerry cans / buckets, soap recommended to be distributed in coordination with, or by the WASH Cluster. Sanitary kits recommended to be distributed in coordination with, or by the Protection Cluster. Fishing kits were highly requested but not part of the NFI cluster pipeline. They fall within FSL. Average family size is 10. Quantities of items should account for this subject to logistic constraints. i.e 4 blankets & 4 mosquito nets per HH etc. Continued assessment to determine additional caseload, if any. Nutrition Exhaustive nutrition screening for children (0-59 months) and pregnant and lactating women (PLW) to determine the nutritional status of these vulnerable groups and ensure the active case finding continues as part of the community mobilization of the existing partners. Organize rapid response mechanism to treat malnourished children and hand over the quick response to the existing partner for sustainability.
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Incorporate Blanket Supplementary Feeding (BSFP), Vitamin A supplementation as well as Infant and young child feeding (IYCF-E) for prevention of malnutrition. Existing Partners need to conduct continuous outreach activities at Boma level in order to increase the coverage of the treatment activities as well as IYCF promotion. Health cluster need to initiate immediate immunization, provision of drug and insecticide treated bed nets. Empower the community volunteers and Health staff through capacity building on detection, identification and treatment of malnutrition along with Community IYCF-E trainings. Encourage the community to contribute in the emergency response through constructing health facilities from locally available resources. Protection Prioritize provision of basic needs to women and children Psychosocial services to women and children such CFS Registration and follow up of separated and missing children as well as other CP needs by an implementing partner WASH Blanket distribution of kits for water treatment and hand-washing, including buckets, jerry cans, filter cloth, Pure, soap – consumables for 3 months Rehabilitation of the 3 boreholes, delivery of spare parts and training for maintenance. Strong hygiene promotion awareness and training – household level and training of trainers (possible volunteering from the community): transmission of faecal-oro diseases, hand washing, water disinfection and storage, food protection, sanitation, vector-control,…etc Community led sanitation approach to ensure sustainability – check possibility to work with local partner on the field – CMD has a WaSH Program planned.
Humanitarian access Physical access 1 airstrip is being cleared – about 75% done. Currently a helicopter can land. o Coordinates: N: 08˚12’ 18,61”; E: 31˚11’ 4.05” 1 airdrop site has been cleared. An expert would need to qualify it. No phone network. Only satellite phones / thuraya work. No storage facilities No roads.
Humanitarian access Uniformed armed men are resident. They have a chain of command and will not interfere with humanitarian work. No UXOs were reported in the area. No battles have been fought in the vicinity. Among the IDPs, most are female headed households. A considerable number of males are present. Populations are sparsely settled. Other villages in the boma would require hours to reach the center. Key findings Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Key findings IDPs are scattered throughout most of the villages in Nyanapol. There is no centralized location in which the IDPs have congested. Most IDPs share tribal and families’ locations with the host community and most have found shelters. Relations between IDPs and hosts community are good, through interview with host and IDPs community leaders No humanitarian actors have been present in the local area since the current hostilities began in December of last year.
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There is no official IDPs registration by any actors and local authorities. New arrivals IDPs are sleeping under trees but on plots while others shares rooms with the host communities. Most of the IDPs driven by conflict are from Ayod, Canal-Pigi County, Bor, Juba, Unity and New Fangak. No IDPs had ever been displaced before the current conflict. No phone network and Radio station exists and no other forms of communication exist except by Thuraya. The average family size is 10 Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response While there is a clear need for service delivery, particularly food to maintain the peaceful status quo pattern of relation between the IDP and host communities, there is no need for a formal CCCM presence Any actor responding in the area should consider communicating with the CCCM cluster to inform about population movement and tracking. Education Key findings Most of children are outgoing school children. Children from ages 13 to 18 years were observed with arms in the area. Nyanapol has only one school. The school is located far away from most of the community residence. The average time for children to access the school is 1.5 hours. The school is on a very small area with limited space for children. A tree provides shade to the children. Only 15% of children (both host and IDPs) had UNICEF books. Distribution and utilization of books and stationery amongst children need discussion with partners. The community is highly motivated to send their children to schools, if schools are made properly functional. Learning spaces require more attention. Parents want their children to study. Four (4) CMD teachers confirmed they are getting a salary of 250 SSPs each from CMD for their teaching jobs. Community elder / other verification of teachers’ salary for their proper jobs were not observed. Both schools have no WASH facilities and clean drinking water. Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Education provision needs to be one of the priorities; to stop children from becoming child soldiers. Establishment of learning spaces for easy access to school; seeing the total number of children, is highly recommended. UNICEF needs to re-check with its partner (CMD) for books and stationery distribution. The supply and accountability of books and stationery is highly recommended, to all children (boys and girls). Proper utilization is suggested. It was observed that the community is highly motivated to send their children (boys and girls) to school, if proper learning spaces are made available. Establishment of learning spaces with basic facilities is recommended. Three CMD teachers interviewed are receiving a salary of 250 SSPs from CMD. It is suggested to make teachers accountable to PTA or community elders. Provision of WASH facilities and clean drinking water for children is recommended. Partners need proper monitoring. Food security and livelihoods Key findings The food security situation in Nyanapal is precarious; there is no availability of cereals and communities survive on wild fruits, tree leaves, reduced milk due to cattle death, and some fish The communities normally grow sorghum and maize, but the crops last season were reportedly largely damaged by water logging and flooding. The IDPs mainly rely on their relatives, friends and community members, since they have been taken into the homes of the host communities’ homes. This has exerted some livelihood strain to the host community and has exacerbated food security situation. There is no market at all Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Immediate blanket food assistance for both IDPs and host community Urgent assessment and investigation of livestock disease and necessary follow-up
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Urgent livelihoods support, particularly including distribution of fishing gears. Seed and tools distribution for the coming planting season which begins in May/June Health Key findings No health facilities in the whole boma. The closest health facility (PHCC) is in Jeich: about 10-hour walking distance, where 2 community health workers are based, including one in charge of nutrition. The PHCC in Jeich provides TBA in maternity. In the Nyanapol boma there is a severe shortage of adequately trained human resources for health. One SSRRA Coordinator who received a 14-day training by COSV in Bor and additional training on nutrition in Ayod. No supplies of medicines and no referral care for children and mothers with medical complications. The number of births with skilled attendance is zero. Mothers deliver at home with a traditional birth attendant Main health concerns reported are: malaria, acute watery diarrhea, typhoid, acute respiratory infections, TB. Maternal and neonatal tetanus (reported), kala-azar (reported). Eye infections have been observed and also reported by community members. Blindness has been also reported. It is worth pointing out that Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is among the leading causes of preventable blindness in children. Although VAD has not been investigated during this IRNA assessment, main contributing factors to VAD, including inadequate breastfeeding practices, poorly varied diets and lack of vitamin A supplementation, have been examined and clearly detected in the community. Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Pipeline support for gaps in supplies of medicines for malaria, suspected pneumonia, AWD, Provision of delivery kits (potential target based on unverified estimates: n. of children 5000, host pop. and n. of children 2000 IDPs). Mobilizing human and financial resources (including capacity building) to restore community outreach service and accelerate implementation of the basic package of health services that entails the management of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea by community-based health workers, including professional mid-wifery care. Ensure coverage for polio vaccination and measles. NFIs and Emergency Shelter Key findings Shelter: IDPs are living in donated tukuls or sharing with relatives. Very few have constructed their own. The area is forested and trees are freely available and accessible by IDPs. Grass is available but far away, up to three hours walk. Single female-headed households have more difficulty building shelters and plastic sheets would assist in initial, short-term establishment of shelters.
NFIs:
Based on IDP household surveys with female heads of household, the most requested items, in order of priority, are: o Kitchen set o Plastic sheets o Mosquito nets o Blankets Each family had some basic NFIs donated by or shared with the host community. Most commonly old kitchen utensils, jerry can and mosquito nets. Currently the weather is very cold making blankets a priority. It will remain cold throughout January and February so the sooner they can be delivered and distributed the better. Average family size is 10. Quantities of items should account for this subject to logistic constraints. i.e 4 blankets & 4 mosquito nets per HH etc. There is no existing storage capacity near the airstrip. However there is a fenced compound that has been built for humanitarians. The assessment team could not access areas other than the immediate vicinity due to the distance of where people were living and time restrictions. Numbers in the immediate vicinity are low and those reported in
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surrounding areas are not verified. Therefore an initial, targeted and capped distribution is recommended to reach those most in need and avoid surplus being given to military elements. Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Initial targeted registration and distribution of NFIs to the most vulnerable IDPs (350 HH) and host community (50 HH), based on a family size of 10, in a central distribution location for villages in close proximity o Deployment of NFI team as soon as possible to carryout registration based on vulnerability selection criteria and issuing of tokens o Delivery of NFIs through the logistics cluster whilst the registration team is on the ground o Immediate distribution of NFIs Priority NFIs: blankets, mosquito nets, kitchen set and plastic sheets. Jerry cans / buckets, soap recommended to be distributed in coordination with, or by the WASH Cluster. Sanitary kits recommended to be distributed in coordination with, or by the Protection Cluster. Fishing kits were highly requested but not part of the NFI cluster pipeline. They fall within FSL. Continued assessment to determine additional caseload, if any. Nutrition Key findings There is no health facility structure nor nutrition services (OTP, TSFP, and Stabilization Centre) in Nyanapol. Breast milk substitute (BMS) formula was not observed any of the visited households. The mothers reported BMS is not available in the locality and can’t afford it. The initiation of breast feeding is reported after the placenta comes out and not within the recommended 1hr after the infant birth. There is a common practice of milking out and throwing away Colostrum. The mothers revealed cow milk and water are the main prelacteal feeds introduced in early days of the infant with the perception they don’t have enough milk to feed the infant. It is observed exclusive breast feeding as well as the introduction of complementary feeding at six month is not common practice in the community. A rapid MUAC screening of 41 children was conducted, showing a proxy 2.4% of severe malnutrition and proxy 9.7 % of moderate malnutrition, i.e. a proxy GAM rate of 12.1%. The situation is serious and below the emergency threshold cut off point. The presence of aggravating factors i.e. low levels of sanitation and hygiene, complete lack of nutrition and inadequate health services, severe food insecurity in the area, enormous cattle death that has direct impact on children main diet (Cow milk) could further worsen the situation High disease burden (Malaria, diarrhea, typhoid, ARI and skin infection) was reported by the health facility in charge and the team also observed serious eye infection among the children. The presence of high disease burden coupled with critical lack of food (the community consume mainly lalop fruit, “water lily” and lalop leaves from the trees) will further deteriorate the situation. Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Establish OTPs for cases without complication and set up stabilization center (SC) at payam level for management of SAM cases with complications. Set up TSFP sites and treat under-five and PLW Vitamin A Supplementation and provide de-worming tablets to under five and LPW Undertake IYCF sessions and Health education training Delivery of TSFP and TFU, routine supplies drugs to run by COSV. Capacity building on CMAM and IYCF Protection Key findings Presence of children associated with armed conflict carrying guns was witnessed Children appeared more vulnerable due to hunger and most of them household visited looked unkempt. Among the household interviewed 60 % of IDPs reported missing children during flight especially in Khorflus, Pigi, Canal and Phom / New Fangak. The number of separated children is quite little. That means that most of the children that accompanied the parents during flight are their biological children. There was no presence of unaccompanied minors.
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There is an age group of both boys and girls missing in the population (12-16 years); a likelihood that boys have joined the armed groups and the girls have been married off. The community could not quite explain the missing age group. Instead they informed us that they have left for cattle camps where girls are engaged in cooking for the men as well as milking the cows. No presence of children living with disability was seen during the interviews. Neither did the community admit of having such children. Children in Nyanapol have no recreational facilities. There is not even a common football. Girls stay at home. Women generally feel safe but lack of basic services is causing distress among women and children GBV cases were reported by IDPs having taken place during the attacks but no survivor was interviewed. Most IDPs women are head of households due to various reasons (spouses killed or joined the army on the frontline) Girls lacks sanitary towels Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Registration of both missing children and separated children Prioritize food and other basic needs to families to reduce further vulnerabilities hence lessens psychosocial stress and provision of hygiene kits to vulnerable girls Provision of psychosocial services especially recreational facilities for children Engage the community leadership on importance of education especially for boys and to reduce chances of them being recruited by the organized groups. Report MMR as soon as possible. WASH Key findings 100 % of the population uses surface/seasonal pond water for all uses, including drinking. Visited houses were less than 5 min away to the closer pond. 3 boreholes in the whole Boma, including a functional one observed in the center. Pumping is hard (friction), has to be checked. The 2 others are working according to local partners. Scarcity of water is expected in the coming months, as the ponds will dry out. Long-term solution would be the drilling of new boreholes. 99 % of the population practices open defecation (only 3 latrines for the whole Boma). Poor hygiene practices for the host community: no hand washing, occasional covering of food, no treatment of water through boiling or other. Some IDPs (especially from Malakal) were sensitized to boiling the water before drinking. No soap and few NFI (jerry cans and buckets). Presence of water-related diseases: diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, TB, were reported by local authorities. Priorities for Immediate Humanitarian response Blanket distribution of kits for water treatment and hand-washing, including buckets, jerry cans, filter cloth, Pure, soap – consumables for 3 months Check and maintenance of the 3 boreholes, delivery of spare parts and training of local persons. Strong hygiene promotion awareness and training – household level and training of trainers (possible volunteering from the community): transmission of faecal-oro diseases, hand washing, water disinfection and storage, food protection, sanitation, vector-control, etc Community led sanitation approach to ensure sustainability – check possibility to work with local partner on the field (CMD or other)
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Next steps
Cluster Priority actions Human and material Responsible entity By when resources needed CCCM Responding partners to Staff CCCM cluster When communicate with CCCM response for population movement. begins Official registration of the Staff, registers Responding Cluster ASAP IDPs. reps. Education Ensure functional Teachers, facilities Education Cluster, ASAP education services. CMD Establish learning spaces Learning spaces, WASH Education Cluster, ASAP with basic facilities facilities CMD Supply of books, Books, stationery, school Educ cluster, CMD ASAP stationery. record/ registers Education Cluster, Launch a campaign for Teachers CMD ASAP children enrollment; FSL Immediate blanket food Food, registration FSL cluster Immediately assistance for both IDPs and host community Urgent livestock disease Veterinary doctor FSL cluster Immediately assessment/investigation Urgent distribution of Fishing gears FSL cluster Immediately fishing gears. Seed and tools Seeds, tools FSL cluster Before May distribution Health Pipeline support for gaps Drugs for malaria, Health cluster ASAP in supplies of medicines. pneumonia, AWD, delivery kits. Restore community Mobilizing human and Health cluster ASAP outreach service and financial resources accelerate (including capacity building) implementation of the basic package of health services. Ensure coverage for polio Vaccines Health cluster, ASAP vaccination and measles. NFI/ES Determine NFI kit items N/A UNHCR, NFI cluster ASAP and the number of items lead & Logs cluster that can be delivered Nominate NFI team N/A NFI cluster lead ASAP Submit SRF N/A NFI cluster Upon team nomination. Deploy team for Min 3 staff Nominated team Two days registration & distribution before NFI deliveries Delivery of NFIs Log cluster assets Log cluster ASAP after SRF Carry out registration and Min 3 staff, RRC, Chiefs, Nominated team As soon as distribution IDP rep and local volunteers team is on / daily workers ground Nutrition Provide basic nutrition Deployment of a Rapid Nutrition Cluster, Immediately services (SAM & MAM Response Mission (RRM) UNICEF / WFP treatment and prevention; with a nutrition component; Vitamin supplementation and deworming) IYCF training material Support community efforts on IYC
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Protection Psychosocial support for CFS kits, hygiene kits for UNICEF, WFP By end 0f children girls and provision of basic January Registration of Separated social services and supplies 2015 and missing children Address psychosocial support to women through provision of basic services WASH Kits distribution (water Air transport (several WaSH cluster 26/01/15 treatment and soap) rotations, important volume of kits) Hygiene Promotion at HH Hygiene Promoters level. Program or Activity Training of Trainers Manager/ Team Leader
Assessment information IRNA stands for “Initial Rapid Needs Assessment”. Initial: Serves as a ‘first look’ at locations where immediate emergency humanitarian response is anticipated, and determines immediate priorities for intervention – registration and targeting of caseload can be required as follow- up, or ‘blanket’ distribution of aid can be actioned directly. Rapid: Deployed quickly, from a list of pre-trained and pre-qualified humanitarian personnel Needs Assessment: The IRNA is an Inter-agency and inter-cluster process using an ICWG-endorsed tool, reporting format and methodology – namely The IRNA form, and the IRNA Reporting Template. The IRNA was endorsed by the South Sudan Inter Cluster Working Group (ICWG) and launched in November 2012, combined with training of humanitarian actors at Juba and state level. The assessment to Nyanapol was carried out by the following individuals: Cluster Name Organization Email Phone CCCM Richard Duku REACH / ACTED [email protected] 955240223 Education Muhammad Israr UNICEF / OCHA [email protected] 955707530 FSL Pios NCUBE WFP [email protected] 912300470 Health Marina Adrianopoli WHO [email protected] 954918382 NFI / ES Fred Drici Duku UNHCR [email protected] 954099348 NFI / ES Nicholas Hart UNHCR [email protected] 921035041 Nutrition Tesfatsion Shiweredo UNICEF [email protected] 955279080 Protection Elizabeth Muthama UNICEF [email protected] 955053869 juba.epr.pm2@solidarites- WASH Aurelien Descieux Read Solidarites southsudan.org 955193149 Coordination / TL Edmore Tondhlana OCHA [email protected] 922453865
Inter-Agency Rapid Needs Assessment http://southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info/