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. '. ' ~.'il , _'0...... I>' , • . '- . \ I\ ' . - •• :.1. , / b. 1I!I'l!t=~==_-:.~~!!"!"I!!!'!_~~- ~ j;,~ ~.~.;-"'" . . ' -1~ .- ~" .- ~C'...... ",.~~~I"' ..~ r ~ ~-~;~r ~-... .. ~:;~. ,.~ ! ~~.-~~~ (.' ... < I ; ". r 'j' , ! , ~: '. ~ ; ~ -, ", i l , ~-:~~... l ~""" t ,' ' ~~.. . . t~ ·• •• ,, " .. ' ) . f .., ( ""J. ./" ~ ...... ~ J t. ~'~r~ ANNUAL SURVEY , '-< / ; . '. / ?:;-:) J /'- '":>. \. . :1. ,.:• .~~ l~:~ 8~Du® . ";' ..,:' $ " "I".,q'" ;::;:.. -, •. ~ ["Q'" "'" ... . 'r' \ " " 1... -- ..( '1' . ITJG~m~ ~ "...,..:; .~; ''''' ffi DDTI@~D®@ Again, distinguished citizens across the U.S. have named those they see as top Jimmy Carter Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. " It's the President who sets the "Savvy politician" and "the man wielders of national power. Unlike 1976 and nation's priorities and goals." who gets things done." 1977, however, their comments reveal prevalent doubt on leadership's quality. Influential Americans have taken a fresh look at U.S. leadership-and their verdict is largely unfavorable. Evident among the 1,200 responses to the fifth annual nationwide survey conducted by US. News & World Report was a lack of enthusiasm for America's decision makers, in marked contrast with the hope that appeared in 1976 and 1977 when Americans were putting the recession and Wa tergate behind them. In this year's survey, Jimmy Carter far outdistanced all others as the No. 1 wielder of power-as Presidents have done since the survey began. Yet widespread disillusion ment was apparent when respondents were asked to assess Carter's performance in light of their expectations last year. Two thirds of them saw his performance as "somewhat worse" or "much worse" than expected. Congress, too, received few bouquets to match last year's expectations of the quality of its leadership, although re spondents rated House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., and Zbigniew Brzezinski Walter Cronkite Senate Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd more powerful "The silent Henry Kissinger of "Most watChed, best known, than their immediate predecessors. this administration." most trusted" TV journalist. White House still No.1. Among institutions, as in the past, respondents continued to rate the White House as the most Public-interest activist Ralph Nader, who had ranked as powerful-but big business moved up to second place from high as fourth in the past, this year was No. 25. fifth, surpassing TV, labor unions and the Supreme Court. Noticeable in many of the replies was a clear preoccupa Despite misgivings about quality of government, those tion with the \\lay power in America is being exercised. who replied to the survey still seem convinced of its power. Such terms as "na'ive," "vacillating" and "inept" were used Of the top 30 Americans that respondents named, 24 are in frequently in the comments on decision making at the public office-or, like Gerald R. Ford and Arthur F. Burns, nation's highest le\·el. had long service in government. A typical view was that of Robert M. White II, editor of Of the four who moved into the top 10 this year, only the Mexico, 1\10., Ledger: 'These are days asking for great one-banker David Rocke feller, who ranked No. 10- ness in leadership, the kind of greatness that rallies a peoplt:' comes from the private sector. The others are Vice Presi to show their strength of character and good sense. But dent Walter F. Mondale, sixth; Assistant to the President for today, so much of our leadership is asking little and expect National Security Affairs Zbignicw Brzezinski, seventh, and ing less. And getting it." Presidential Assistant Hamilton Jordan, ninth. Asked to select the Ame ricans who-from position, pow To complete the top 10 were such holdovers as AFL-CIO er, ability or wealth-inl1uence the nation's destiny most President George Meany, Chkf Justice Warren E. Burger clearly in 1978-responde nts made their choices and com and teleyision newsman \Valter Cronkite. ments freely. Following arc the 10 people tllL'Y named most \VlIshillg/O/l 1'0.1'/ Publisher Katharine Graham was the often, and what was said about these choices: only wOlllen to make thl' list, but hl' r rating was not as high as in thL' past. l':vL'n morL' than thcy have done so be fore, 1. Jimmy Carter, 53, President of the United States 1978's responde nts sCl'll\L'd to chouse white-male leaders Without qUI'stion, leading Americans still dL'L'1Il Presi with' conycntional occupations. Thl' top black was United dent Carter tl\(' most influl'ntial pe rson in the cOllntry-just Nations Ambassador Anc!n'w Young, who rankl'd No. 30. as tllL'Y did in W77. Still, L'nthusiasm for him is down 30 U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, April 17, 1978 r------, '; i -. ;,.,~.!, "'). v George Meany Robert C. Byrd Warren E. Burger Walter Mondale "Commands respect" as chief of "Head of the class in the new Symbol of "the strong role of the "Using the Vice Presidency to its the" most powerful lobby." leadership in Congress." judiciary in public policy." fullest potential." The Most Influential Americans: a Look at The Voting Leaders in a wide range of pursuits, from every section of the country, were asked to name "the five Americans you think exercise-through position, power, ability or wealth-the most influence in national decision mak ing." Points were awarded on a descending scale from 5 points for first place to 1 point for fifth. The results, with the number of first-place votes in parenthe ses for those with the highest ratings: Top 10 Points 1. Jimmy Carter (858) 4,605 2. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr. (18) 1,312 Hamilton Jordan David Rockefeller "Unique power and influence" as Foremost figure when "money is 3. George Meany (14) 846 the President's top aide. the name of the game." 4. Robert C. Byrd (9) 775 markedly. To many, the high e xpectations raised in the to.. 5. Warren E. Burger (9) 686 1976 campaign now seem ove rblown. "The idea of a populist Preside nt seemed appealing: new ---, 6. Walter F. Mondale (7) 490 ideas, fresh thinking, an end of rampant cronyism:' ob 7. Zbigniew Brzezinski (7) 439 served an advertising-agency exe cutive. "What we got was the Georgia mafia-a ve ry mediocre group." 8. Walter Cronkite (11) 420 Carter's pe rsonal staff received much of the blame. A 9. Hamilton Jordan (9) 402 congressman cited Carte r's "very provincial kitchen cabi net. ,. A [arm-association e xecutive said the administration is 10. David Rockefeller (12) 346 charactC'rized by "particularly poor management ability of subcabinet-lcvel appointees." Second 10 The presidc nt of a major uni" e rsity, however, remarked: 11. Joseph A. Califano, Jr.; 12. Cyrus R. Vance; 13. G. "In the final analysis, it is the President \\'ho sets the na William Miller; 14. Arthur F. Burns; 15. W. Michael Blu tion's priori tics and goals. Unhappily, Mr. Carter has tried menthal; 16. Edward M. Kennedy; 17. Robert S. to achicvc too Illuch with too little thought and effort. " Strauss; 18. (tie) Griffin B. Bell and Harold Brown; 20. An uninspiring Presidency_ Elly M. Pc terson, a Hepubli Katharine Graham. can Party official frolll Michigan and national cochairman of EIV\mcrica, a group pressing for passage of the l' C]ual Third 10 rights amcndmc nt, said: "By tht' "cry natUf.e of thc Prcsi 21. AI Ullman; 22. James R. Schlesinger; 23. Russell B. d('ncy, CartN must be elL·elared No. 1. But hc has not Long; 24. Ronald Reagan; 25. Ralph Nader; 26. (tie) exercised tht' POWN of leade rship to the fulll'st and docs Stuart E. Eizenstat and Gerald R. Ford; 28. Irving S. not inspire confielL-lIce." Shapiro; 29. Howard H_ Baker, Jr.; 30. Andrew Young. Madl'linc II. McWhinllL'Y, Conner president of a New U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. April 17. 1978 31 York City bank, comments: "Perhaps it was na'ive te, pe r 4. Robert C. Byrd, 60, Senate Majority Leader haps wi~hful thinking to suppose Carte r could cure some of Quiet, resourceful and acknowled ged alllong his Senate our bureaucratic ills. But I guess we have now all learned colleagues as the best vote counter in Washington, Byrd has that an amateur cannot do a job in Washington." emerged with a pivotal role in congressional affairs. On the other hand, some respondents argued that events "Senator Byrd has de monstrated an aware ness of the have been against the Preside nt. Several predicted that he workings of the U.S. Se nate that rivals many of his pred e would recover in the coming year. Norman Bradley, editor cessors," according to Hi chard A. Viguerie, head of a Vir of the Chalirl1looga Ti1ll es, re plied: "I think he has the ginia-based direct·mail marketing firm for conservative ability to go along with the power of his position-intelli political causes. Lee Loevinger, a W"shington, D.C., attor gence, integrity, determination." And James A. Mattox (0- ney, commented that although Byrd is not widely known to Tex.), a first-term membe r of Congress, believes that more the public, he "seems to have the greatest influence among time wiII be needed to judge the President's performance. the select group of 100" that he leads. "Carter has taken upon himself an immense workload. His Many acknowledged the Senate Majority Leader's politi proposals will take time, and I wouldn't measure him by his cal prowess. A television executive and fellow West Virgin results in one year, but by the quality of his ideas." ian said that Byrd's seeret is his "unde rstanding of human nature-and his grit." A lawyer and foreign-relations spe 2. Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill, Jr., 65, House Speaker cialist speaks of "the man's grim persistence." In his first year as Speaker, O'Neill clearly has fulfilled the high expectations that many Americans held for him. 5. Warren E. Burger, 70, Chief Justice of the U.S. His second-place showing far outran those ranking below In his ninth year on the nation's highest judicial body, him. Some replies compared him with such past titans in Burger symbolizes for m ost Americans the power of the Congress as Sam Rayburn and Joseph Cannon. courts over their lives and livelihoods. Man)' survey respon G. Dennis O'Brien, president of Bucknell University in dents noted that the rise in adversary proceedings has Lewisburg, Pa., noted that "in the relative un surety of heightened the judicial system's impact on U.S. life. presidential direction, O 'Neill appears to be the m an in Irving S. Shapiro, chairman of the Du Pont Company, Washington who gets things done." pointed out that "the strong role of the judiciary in m aking Ruth Clusen, president of the League of Women Voters, public policy gives a Chief Justice who works at it a large said that O'Neill can "make or break executive-branch ini voice in national affairs." tiatives," while Leo T. McCarthy, Speake r of the California Sandra DeMent, director of the National Consumer Cen Assembly, credits O 'Neill with making the House "for the ter for Legal Services, believes "it would be wrong to first time in American history function like a cohesive, attribute to the Chief Justice responsibility for all the policymaking legislative body." Court's decisions, but the re is no denying his influence. Many praised O'Neill 's political acumen. John P. Murry, Moreover, he is taking an increasingly active role in the chairman of the Catholic Bishops Advisory Council, calls justice system's administrative aspects." him "a savvy politician who exerts much control and influ Similarly, James Hitchcock, a professor at St. Louis Uni- . ence over the House and the Preside nt. He is a highly versity, observed that "although Chief Justice Burger is not visible man who has a great d eal of credibility among the a truly distinguished jurist, his position is an extremely American people." . important one. He symbolizes the power of the judiciary." A civil-rights and antipoverty worker for Spanish-speak In naming the Chief Justice, many in the survey also ing Americans said that O 'Neill is "more influential than his lamented the increasing trend toward legal action to re predecessors, makes news easily because of his style, and solve many American social and economic issues. seems to be in be tter contact with congressmen than any Sidney P. Marland, Jr., president of the College Entrance Speaker since Sam Rayburn." Examination Board, gave this opinion: "More and more, the Supreme Court is becoming a fulcrum for broad public 3. George Meany, 63, President, AFL-CIO policy determination. Social progress, issues of environmen For the fifth year in a row, Meany scored solidly as a man tal tradeoff, equal opportunity, discipline on impetuous or of great influence, the only pe rson to rank among the top ill-considered legislation-these and many other brge is five leaders in each of the magazine's annual surveys. sues will regrettably find their resolution in the courts The reason? " He stands at the head of the single most rather th"n the seasoned public forums. " powerful lobbying and political-influence-wielding organi zation in the country," declared a U.S. se nator-a senti ~ Walter F. Mondale• .§Q, Vice President of the U.S. ment that was echoed by many in business and politics. "Vice Presidents usually have little influence, but this John P. Warwick, a New York advertising-agency presi one is different. Carter has let Mond"le use his considerable dent, said: "Meany has press coverage whenever he speaks knowledge, wisdom "Ild judgment." out. lIe's direct and 'gutsy' and somewhat intimidating to That view from Millard H. Ruud, executive director of the executive branch. People don't want to stir George's the American Association of Law Schools, is a typical assess ire. He 's relentlessly prolabor-as he should bc-and some ment of Mondale's brighte ning image in the Carter admin times unfairly antimanage me nt. But he's a real patriot." istration. Many added that they feel comfortable with him A noted scholar called Meany "an exemplary warhorse," as a "potential President." Said Frank X. Viggiano, presi and a college administrator observes that the AFL-CIO dent of the National Stude nt Association: '·lIe 's using the he"d "exerts great inllue nce with the mass of people who Vice Presidency to its full est potential and is communicat are the lifeblood of this country-the workers." ing with all kinds of groups and people." George E. Heed y, professor of journalism at r-.·larque tte Jason 1I0e, prcsidl~ nt of the Oregon State Se nate and University and fonner press secretary to President Lyndon preside nt-elect of the National Conferl'nCl' of State Legisla n. Johnson, cast his vote for r-.leany because " he commands tures, told why he si ngled out ~\'Iondal e: " For the first -time reSpl'ct in a large and inlllJl' ntial Sq:?; IIIl'lIt of our society. Ill' a Veep is being allowed to contribute significantly to the has a genuine foll owing-sollll'lhing that is rare in an era in t'xccutin' 32 U.S_ NEWS & WORLD REPORT, April 17. 1978 5 in Government Who Are Rising in Influence },.. .. Washington "insiders" continue to rank at the top in the 1, i; magazine's annual leadership survey. These key offi ,; cials hold broad sway in policy decisions. :1! '~ r"W' ~r r.' " ' " ,"'.Ii { _." ' ~l" l ~ ~';}" " -I 1 'j / .. i l 1,j 1 I '1 I 1 .' c/, -~ . ) " '-" - .- I ~ - ...., ' ., . .: ...... '. ' Two strong-willed and persuasive men, House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill and Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd, are regarded as most . 'H" "';" , ~ Influential in Congress and essential to legislative action. U' , New Federal Reserve Chairman G. William Miller Is beginning to make his mark in economic policy. Trade negotiator Robert Strauss has become a chief Car .' ,-.- .., ...... t·;:-<·,· .... r ~ I ~ I~'~" • ~:,-:~~~. ter lobbyist, political strategist and troubleshooter. - ! HEW Secretary Joseph Califano has leverage on priorities for social legislation and spending, and presides over biggest part of the federal budget. -' I -·,·_··t-: , , 'J I f / ~~ ( j, ~, \ I ;, .. / ~, . . .'p", \ \. / .. \., ", " ~ , ...""'., - --,. l .. -...... __. - 4 Outside Government Who Have Muscle They don't hold federal office, but these public figures are recog nized as molders of official opinion who help shape national policy by what they say and do, often behind the scenes, ~~ {~ ~. , ,,,... I " ~ i, -;1., I, :-:-. f r~ ! I ,j I --I ;/ -" / .' Highly Influential In both education and religion, Notre Dame Presi dent Theodore Hesburgh is consulted by many In government. David Rockefeller, head of Chase Manhattan Bank, Is seen as an -- Innovative force In many domestic and international enterprises. What Walter Cronkite Includes In his nightly television news cast sways the thinking of millions across the nation. . Businessman Irving Shapiro, Du Pont's chairman, holds a r~ \ . ~ :" reputation for social concern and wide accessibility. , , ~ ""; ' ;.?~\f -~ ~3r --~~ ' ~~~~~- . ~~"""""_ , ~~,, r " , J / r, .\ 'J , \ '''''.j, ' ,~ . ~ \-~, ~,~~~~~~ \ I ( \. , / " / I I .? I ) J I ( ~ ""~'\ .~ if /- J f '- /' in national politics. Thomas C. Todd, South Dakota superin 7. Zbigniew Brzezinski, 50, National Security Chief tende nt of eleme ntary and secondary edueation, said that Coming from a highly respected academic career at Co Mondale's "ceremonial office is now second only to the lumbia University, Brze zinski has rapidly become a key Preside nt in leadership opportunities:' He added, "rn WaI White Ilouse adviser. In this poll, lllany Americans clearly ter Mondale we have a man of exceptional ability." saw him as the Preside nt's chief source of advice on the Robe rt W. Meserve, a Boston lawyer , pointed out Mon conduct of international and security affairs. dale's effectiveness in both legislative and executive areas A psychiatrist, for example, te rmed Brzezinski "the silent and remarked : "rf liberals have a future, this man is it." Kissinger of this administration," referring to the dominant tives of his office, he is setting a tone For Carter: in the nation." Francis G. Dunn, South Dakota's chief justice: "President Carter took Low Marks in Performance over an office that was in ill re pute and has elevated it to a position where the general public has confi dence in the Presidency." Marjorie Bell Chambers, presi dent, Colorado Women's College: ,i ) "He and his staff are e ngaged in ~ long-range reform, but while they study, analyze, consider alternatives -, and finally recommend change, no one is minding successfully the day to-day immediate business." W_ Thomas York, chief ope rating officer, AMF, Inc.: "He has proposed more programs than the Congress or the country can digest. Priorities are not d ear." A. J. Ashe, senior vice president, B. F . Goodrich: "Essentially no prog ress has been made in developing a much needed energy policy, reduc Why are most persons in the sur had thought that Mr. Carter would tion in fe deral bureaucracy and gov vey conducted by U.S. News & World pursue more aggressively the status ernment spending, inflation or other Report disappointed by the job the improveme nt of minorities." critical issues." President is doing? Some comments, Norman B_ Hartnett, national ser The Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, both critical and complimentary- vice director, Disable d American president, University of Notre Dame: E. Bruce Heilman, president, Uni Veterans: "He has displaye d inept "Every first year is difficult. New versity of Richmond (Va.): "Carter, ness. He has alienated business, farm staff takes time to shake down." like othe rs before him, has found that e rs, labor, minorities, women and Robert E. L. Strider, president, the pressures are too g reat or the veterans' groups." Colby College: "He is not afraid to dilemmas too foreboding to allow Dr. William R. Roy, Topeka, Kans., stick his neck out. His openness and him to lead as h e perceived he forme r D emocratic congressman: candor are refreshing." could. " "He does not have adequate assis Daniel Bell, Harvard sociologist: Don C. Frisbee, chairman, Pacific tance from those closest to him or "He has been out of his depth." Power & Light Company, Portland, enough central coordination of the Sandra DeMent, lawyer for con Oreg.: "He's tryi ng very hard, but he many initiatives undertake n. " sumer and labor interests: "We ex just doesn't seem to have the back William H. Wynn, president, Hetail pected the switch to a Democratic ground, the political know-how and Clerks International Association: administration to produce more dra the leadership to do a good job." "Presidential leadership has bcen matic and tangible results." Rabbi Israel Klavan, executi\'e low-key. Helations with Congress Wilbur H. Lewis, supe rinte nde nt of viee president, Habbinical Council of have not adequately impro\·ed." public schools, Tucson, Ariz.: " He America: "CartN brought great de Jerry Hammond, city councilman, was na'ive about the job to be done te rmination and drive to his office, Columbus, Ohio: " I have bccn very and his capacity to do it. I give him but he is disco\'cring they arc not disappointed with his attitude to credit for tackling important issues l'nough. Thc maze of our bureaucra ward blacks, especially those of us which are ullPopular-e ne rgy, tax cy and public media rcquire greater out he rc in the hinte rlands." loopholcs. civil-service reform, to cxperience as wc II as hum iii ty ... Jeanne M. Holm, retired Air Forct' narlle a few." Irving S. Shapiro, chairman. Du major gelleral: "The Prcsidl'nt dOL'S Cardinal John J, Krol, Philade l Pont: "Too lIIan y self-illflicted not scell1 to be in control of his ad phia: "Carte r lac ks courage to keep wounds, but a couragcous atll-Illpt to millistration or on top of tIlt' issul's." carllpaigll promisl's. dcal with major issll\'s which had ac The Most Rev. James S. Rausch, Stephen Horn, prt'sidc llt, Califor cumulakd O\'l'r t Ill' years." Catholic bishop of l'hol'nix, Ariz.: Ilia Slate Ulli\'t'rsily at Long Beac h: Frederick S. Humphries, presi "Carter is a strong I'resicit-nt and ill "Th, handling of the i\ larstoll caSt' dent, '1'('IIII(,sS('(' Statl' U lli\'l ' rsit~ · : "I additioll to exercising the prL'roga- was a d C'l'P disappointml'lll." U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. April 17. 1978 35 role that Ilenry Kissinge r played in foreign policy during the Nixon and Ford years. Hichard V. LaCourse, editor of the Yaki1lla Na/iollal Re view, all American Indian ne wspaper based in Toppe lli sh, Wash., observed that for e ign policy dominated the Cartc'r Leaders Rank Their administration's first year. I Ie added that Brzezinski played a "cardinal role-outclassing both Carte r and Secretary of Peers in 14 Fields State Cyrus n. Vance, and dwarfing most critical domestic considerations ... One question in the U.S. News & World Report poll asked 8. Walter Cronkite, 61, Television Newscaster. individuals to list the persons they considered the most influ ential in the respondent's own particular occupation. Three Once again, one of tele vision's most recognizable person points were given to the first person named, 2 to the second ages scored high among the nation's influence wielde rs. and 1 to the third. The results: Hespected and trusted by millions, Cronkite is to many the embodiment of the ubiquitous presence of TV in America. "He is believable. Enough said," is how one congressman characterized Cronkite's appeal. W. J. Thom, mayor of Ana- Senate House 1_ Robert C. Byrd (O-W.Va.), ma 1. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr. (0. jority leader Mass.), Speaker I 2. Russell B. Long (O-La.), chair· 2_ AI Ullman (O-Oreg.), chairman. man, Finance Committee Ways and Means Committee 3. Howard H_ Baker, Jr. (R 3. James C. Wright, Jr. (O-Tex.); Tenn.), minority leader majority leader I 4_ Edward M. Kennedy (D· 4. John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.). m: Mass.) nority leader I Labor Agriculture 1. George Meany, preSident. 1. Robert Bergland, Secretary c. AFL-CIO Agriculture I 2. Douglas A. Fraser, president, 2. Allan Grant, preside.nt, Amer·, United Auto Workers can Farm Bureau Federation 3. Lane Kirkland, secretary-trea 3_ Herman E_ Talmadge, chair· surer, AFL-CIO man of the Senate Committee 01 4. F. Ray Marshall, Secretary 01 Agriculture ! Labor 4_ (tie) Carol Foreman, Assista ri 5_ Thomas R. Donahue, execu Secretary of Agriculture tive assistant to the president. Earl Butz, former Secretary 01 AFL-CIO Agriculture Education Advertising 1. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Sec 1. Edward N. Ney, presiden; retary of Health. Education and Young & Rubicam International Welfare 2. David M. Ogllvy, director 2. Ernest L. Boyer, U.S. Com· Ogilvy & Mather International missioner 01 E.ducation 3. William Bernbach, chief exec t> 3. The Rev. Theodore M. Hes· tive officer, Doyle Dane Bernbach burgh, president. University 01 4. John Elliott, Jr., chairmar' Notre Dame Ogilvy & Mather International 4. Clark Kerr, chairman, Carne· 5. (tie) Paul C. Harper, Jr., cha": gie Council on Policy Studies in man, Needham, Harper & Steers Higher Education Paul Foley, chairman, Interpub l1 c, 5. Derek Bok, president. Harvard Group 01 Companies University 36 u.s. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, April 17. 1978 .. ;..... , Industry Finance 1. Irving S. Shapiro, chairman, 1. Walter B. Wriston, chair· the Du Pont Company man, Citibank 2. Reginald H. Jones, chairman, 2. A. W. Clausen, president, General Electric Company BankAmerica Corporation 3. Thomas A. Murphy, chairman, 3. G. William Miller, chairman, General Motors Corporation Federal Reserve Board 4. John O. de Butts, chairman. 4. Arthur F. Burns, former American Telephone & Telegraph chairman, Federal Reserve Company Board 5. Henry Ford II, chairman, Ford 5. David Rockefeller, chair· Motor Company man, Chase Manhattan Bank Governors Law 1. William G. Milliken (Rep.), 1. Warren E. Burger, Chief Jus· Michigan tice of the United States 2. Edmund G. Brown, Jr. (Oem.), 2. Griffin B. Bell, Attorney Gen· California eral of the United States 3. Reubln 0'0. Askew (Oem.), 3. William 8. Spann, Jr., presi· Florida dent, American Bar Association 4. (tie) John O. Rockefeller IV 4. (tie) William H. Rehnquist, (Oem.), West Virginia Associate Justice of the Suo James R. Thompson (Rep.), preme Court Illinois Leon Jaworski, Houston lawyer Hugh L. Carey (Dem.). New York and special counsel for House Michael S. Oukakis (Dem.), Ethics Committee Massachusetts Health Religion 1. Joseph A. CaHfano, Jr., Sec· 1. The Rev. Billy Graham, retary, Health, Education, Welfare evangelist 2. Edward M. Kennedy, Senate 2. The Rev. Theodore M. Hes health subcommittee chairman burgh, president, University of 3. Dr. James H. Sammons, ex· Notre Dame ecutive vice president, American 3. (tie) Cardinal Terence J. Medical Association Cooke, Roman Catholic arch· 4. Paul G. Rogers, chairman, bishop, New York House Subcommittee on Health Joseph L. Bernardin, Roman and Environment Catholiq archbishop, Cincinnati 5. Dr. John A. O. Cooper, presi· William P. Thompson, president, dent, Association of American National Council of Churches Medical Colleges Broadcasting 1. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, pub· 1. Walter Cronkite, correspon· lisher, New York Times dent, CBS News 2. Katharine Graham, publisher, 2. Roone Arledge, preSident, Washington Post ABC News and ABC Sports 3. (tie) Benjamin C. Bradlee, edi· 3. Fred Silverman, former tor, Washington Post president, ABC Entertainment, A. M. Rosenthal, executive edi· who becomes president of NBC tor, New York Times in June 5. James Reston, columnist, 4. William S. Paley, chairman, New York Times CBS, Inc. 5. Richard S. Salant, president, CBS News U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. April 17. 1978 37 - ~nP.< """""'~'__ """"'-----' :L______...... __ - __Z --"" 'nI'I _ ~-. -~------heim, Calif., supported his choice of the newsman "by is the most watched, best known and most trusted of the reason of Cronkite's almost daily exposure to the nation via TV journalists." Vine Deloria, Jr., a U.S. Indian scholar and the TV media and because his charming personality is writer, be lieves that Cronkite "still represents American injected into national news that affects decision making." values, has credibility, gives a sense of sanity and de fin es Some comments were double-edged. Edwin O. Guth the sense of decency that Americans thillk they sti ll have." man, editor of the Phi/adelphia lllquirer, asserted that Cronkite's nightly newscasts " have more influence than 9. Hamilton Jordan, 33, Assistant to the President perhaps they would if there were not such a vacuum in Despite reports of Jordan's casual approach to White influe ntial leadership." House organization and his unorthodox personal behavior, In a.more positive vein, Hobert Teeter, a Detroit political few doubt that he remains close to Jimmy Carter. pollster and marketing consultant, observed that "Cronkite A lobbyist for a national teache r's union described Jor dan's influence this way: "His recognition of issues and their political ramifications are the blessing or death wish for any federal policy." A woman representing a trade association in government gave this grudging endorsement: Institutions "Like him or not, Jordan's relationship to the President is That Wield one of unique power and influence." .,, Some questioned Jordan's suitability for his sensitive posi The Most Power tion. Michael Novak, a philosopher and religious writer, " .\ contends that Jordan "'e~er ts disproportionate influence at ' " Carter's right hand, is 1<»0 callous and inexperienced, and is Survey participants were asked to judge the impor- the chief symbol of the most inadequate staff ever assem tance of each of 29 major institutions "according to the bled in the White House." amount of influence it has on decisions affecting the And Dr. Estelle R'amey, professor of 'physiology at nation as a whole. " Using a rating scale from 5 down to Georgetown University, said: "History won't make much of I, here are the results: Jordan in the books, b ut he won't be the first adviser to The Most Powerful subtly alter the course (l>,f history." Average Rating 10. David Rockefeller" 62, Chase Manhattan Bank 1, White House ...... , ...... 4.53 Operating in a worid often closed to public view, this 2. Large business ...... 4.12 internationally recognized banking executive quietly pur 3. Supreme Court ...... 4.09 sues transactions that iilndirectly affect lives of individuals in 4_ Television ...... 4.07 virtually every nation 'om earth. 5_ Labor unions ...... : .. .. 4.06 "In my 12 years am Capitol Hill," remarked Paul M. 6. U.S. Senate ...... 4.04 Weyrich, director of ttlme Committee for the Survival of a 7. U.S. House ...... 3.89 Free Congress in W'a;slhiing ton, D.C., "I have found the fine 8. Federal bureaucracy ...... 3.85 hand of this man behiimId the major watershed decision~." 9_ Banks ...... 3.72 Carl B. Hall of Chadieston, W.Va., president of the Ameri 10. Lobby and pressure groups ...... 3.66 can Academy of Fa11lIll'ily Physicians, said: "Money is the name of the game, a:m¥dl the game is big. Control and man Other Rankings agement of money s.e®m to be the bottom line." 11. Newspapers ...... 3.44 Another source of Il*ockefeller's ability to shape policies 12. Wall Street ...... 3.35 was suggested by DL.JT:ack E. White, director of the Cancer 13. Cabinet ...... 3.26 Diagnostic Center mil: Howard University: "His family has 14. Democratic Party ...... 3.11 been constructively imvolved for decades in public life. 15. AdvertiSing ...... 3.06 Banker David is prollilubly the bellwether of the family." 16. Radio ...... 2.87 17. (tie) State and local government ...... 2.86 Out of the commernlts made in the survey, a broad conch! 17_ (tie) Public-opinion polls ..... , ...... 2.86 sion emerges: Manyiirmffluential Americans would like to see 17. (tie) Legal profession ...... 2.86 a more pragmatic tYIPJe of leadership, oriented toward solv- 20. Magazines ...... 2.82 -ing the complexities; (0f large and difficult problems that 21. Educational institutions ...... 2.79 have been taking sha~e in the U.S. One explanation comes 22. (tie) Civil-rights groups ...... 2.71 from Habbi Wolfe ~Ima n of the Habbinical Assembly in 22. (tie) Military ...... 2.71 New York City: "OI'l3.r .present si tuation is not a hospitable 24. Family ...... 2.57 bne for charismatic: ll:eadership. It is suspicious of central 25. Medical profession ...... 2.36 ized authority and Ihic rarchical personalities. We are in a 26. Organized religion ...... 2.27 period of 'decharismuibization' and accountability, a time in 27. (tie) Small business ...... 2.09 which institutions rauJroer than pe rsonalities dominate." 27. (tie) Cinema ...... 2.09 While most survcl" respondents recognize the high de 27. (tie) Republican Party ...... 2.09 gree of power held lliJ)y government leaders, they point out the decline of leacie);$laip qualities in the private sector. Major changes from the 1977 survey: Large busi "Business and the' \Il>ro fessions have exhibited a preoccu ness and the Supre me Court moved up from fifth and pation with their 0\\\11l1 interests that neglects the' U.S. as a fourth places, respe ctive ly. Lobby and pressure groups whole," said Davi 38 II:.I .S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. April 17, 1976 teristic hc said has been lacking in Amc rican life for too But all optimistic prognostication for the future of Amer long. He remarked: " Political leadcrship is a social symbiot ica is given by J. Hi chard Nokes, editor of the Porll(/lul ic process that requircs strong leade rs and cohcsive groups Oregolli(Jll: "Ame rica al ways has had the ahility to muddle willing to foll ow the m. The cohesive forces in ·our socie ty through. We can count on only a few fingers the great have been weake ned , and it is doubtful whether truly leade rs in the last century, and maybe that is a good thing 'strong' leade rship is possible. It is probable that politicl;1 in a participatory gove rnment. It forces all of us to think leaders will ope rate under conditions of frustration for a and act more than we likely would unde r constantly dy number of years to corne. ,. namic leadership." 0 How Congress Is Rated Many influe ntial Ame ricans are convinced Capitol Hill now has its strongest leade rs in years-but the j performance of Congress still is seen " as inadequate. i ! ' US. News & World Report 's survey f ~. . of American leaders shows 46.3 per ·'··'·'·-_·,;..;. -",J.· cent of the participants rate the qual ...... '4£'!':". I . ~- ~ ;- ity of leadership by Congress as fair. Anothe r 30.6 perce nt conside r it l . ." . ,,'::::". poor. Only 21.5 percent rate it good /' ~ •• J. ;t;o .. . .. ~ ./ , and 1.6 p e rc ~ nt excellent. The three most influential senators: Baker, Long and Robert Byrd. "Few in Congress seem concerned with anything that does not require provide leadership." Bert Seidman, as "an articulate, believable devil's the federal gove rnment to become an AFL·CIO official in Washington, advocate, a m uch needed elem ent in bigger, more oppressive and more D.G , notes: "It has becom e exceed policy formation." expensive to the taxpayers, " com ingly complex and difficult to get Dr. Jack E. White, director of ments Lewis G Murphy, the m ayor anything done in Congress. On the Howard University's cancer-research of Tucson, Ariz. other hand, some congressional lead center, terms Se nator Edward M. A university president describes ers have sought to fill gaps in leade r Ke nne dy ('I)-Mass.) " the be st-in the members of Congress as "genu ship resulting from the President's formed person in the Congress on ine mediocrities." A state chief jus weakness." almost all L'lS Ues." White says Kenne tice calls this " the worst Congress "Greatest Speaker." Man y of dy possesses "strong leadership quali ever." those surveyed describe Congress's ties and ge nuine concern for the Many leaders fault Congress for leaders as the strongest in years. Rep ordinary citizen." failing to enact an energy program. resentative Charles H. Wilson (0- One congressman says Senate Fi Several term its handling of the ener Calif.) says Carte r is inde bted to nance Committee Chairman Bussell gy problem a "debacle ." Don Shoe Speaker Thom as P. O 'Neill, Jr., be B. Long holds "the single most pow maker, senior editor of the Mi(Jmi cause he " has bailed the President erful voice o n tax and ene rgy policy." Herald, calls it a " national disaster." out of so many stupid decisions." David Cohen, president of Com "It seems they are afraid to face "If the administration gets any mon Cause, the public-interest lob important iss ues face-to-face," says kind of a prog ram throu gh the bying grotlijp , says no one commands John J. Harrington of Flint, Mich., House, it's because of the leadership more powif'r in Congress than Long. president of the Fraternal Order of exerted by the Speaker, the greatest Cohen Sil}"$ the Louisiana senator 's Police. "They look like they hope Spe ake r since the late Sam Ha y influe nce is "so great that the Presi they [the issues] will go away." burn," says Claude J. Desautels, a dent must negotiate with him almost Othe rs, though, are reluctant to public-re lations e xe cutive from as if he we're a forc ign power." place too lIluch blame 011 Congress. Washington, D .G George lHeedy, forme r prcss secre "Perhaps they have done as well as is Willial{l E. Pollard, civil-rights di tary to Pll'csident Lyndon Johnson, possible with im' pt leade rship in the rector of the AFL-CIO, says Senate suggests that thc public expects too White House," says Robert A. Gold Majority Leade r Robe rt C. Byrd's much froull .its senators and rc presell win, a political-research scholar at "powe r and influence transcend the tatives. ~Co l1 g r ess re fl ccts political the American Ente rprise Institute. Congress, and his cooperation with real ities im our socic ty," says Heed y, "Preside nt Carte r's lack of I('ade r the Preside nt is essential.·' now a jOI!l~r l1alislll professor at Mar ship has cl"l' ated a vacuulll ,,·hich is Se nate ~ linority Leade r Howard C]lH' lle Utrui,\·crsi ty. "As we arc living being filled by Congress," says North H. Hake r, Jr., is pictured as a skillful ill a rathii~ r confused socie ty, there Dakota Attorney Ge ne ral All en I. Ol oppont' nt of the administration. Ann arc limita ltiions to what Congrl'ss can son. "The inllL" rc nt nature of COII Jl'nni ngs, an ell vi rOIlml'1I tal leade r do. Within those limitations, I believe gress, ho,,"cvl' r, is such that it cannot from Culumbia, S.c., describes Haker it has pedltorlllcd we ll ." U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. April 17. 1978 39 Continued from page lA Mondale Presidential Committee." bomb and of President Roosevelt's vice presidential offices guarantees hands in the White House, has not wartime diplomacy; of President EI that Mondale can argue a pOiat of heen able to save Carter from tbe . frontload pain and backload plea- It is rare and perhaps unprecedent: senhower asking for a week to think view while administration policy Is administration's generally stormy re 5ure:' he said in an interview last ed lor a president to link a vice of one contribution his vice presi being shaped, It guarantees nothing lationship with a Democratic Con- . week. president's name to Ilis own In the dent, Rich3rd Nixon, had maue to beyond that. gress. quest for a second term. That Carter the administration; of the petty hu ~So if we are successful...in signifl would choose to do so now belles miliations visited on Hubert Hum As an economic conservative, Carter Indeed, In chartering his course canlly rt:dJ::ir.g innation, the plea speculation that Mondale is In dan· phrey when he had the audacity. as early in his term made it clear that within the administration, Mondale ~\;re of tbat ~uccess will come su~ ger of being replaced on the ticket • lyndon Johnson's vice preSident, to he was determined to curb Inflation has reliec1 on thc same pragmatic 5iantially afier the pain of the reme by a candidate with more immedi dissent vocally - but prlvatcly and balance the budget by reelection and cautious inslinctc; that guided dies required to get there. ately tangible political assets, such from the administration's plans In lime, These commitments alone him from his early days as a DFL I . as a Roman Catholic from a major early 1965 to heavily bomb military were certain to diminish Mondale's precinct worker in Minnesota to the . "The same way with energy, The northeastern state. It also Is addition targets In North Vietnam. clout as an advocate of )j~eral pro state Attorney General's Ortice, the painful rart of it needs no d~rlp al evidence of the president's ott-ex grams. Mondale fought Internally to lJ,S. Senate, and, ultimately, tile vice ll(1n.~ pressed high regard for Mondale's Carter and Mondale confronted salvage the $50 tax rebate as the presidency, performance. those discouraging precedents for centerpiece of Carter's economir. O:her factors seem to have contrl~ the first time atter the 1976 election stimulus par.kage in early 1977, and He remains a politician who ayoids uled to the pin of the vice presiden In an interview for a forthcoming bi during a quiet evening alone togeth lost. He fought for a higher mini making enemies unnecessarily and cy: The di5.:lppoi ntment of last fall's ography of Mondale, Carter said, er about six weeks before the inau mum wage, and lost. He fought lor who picks his rights carefully, while ele'-:lion resUlts i:l \1innes(lta, the at . "It's hard to delineate particular guration. From that conversation higher farm price supports, and lost. remaining alert to the possibilities of lacks on the ado;1inistration by indi contributions because Fritz Is In stemmed an understanding that c()~promise. \'lduals and group:; long associated volved in every issue that faces me Mondale would have a degree of On the other hand, Mondale has wit!! ~!ondale . and the lack of nation , , , Fritz doesn;t waste his own Influ presidential access and advisory in worked behind the scenes 1rom the Late last fall, Mondale fO'Jnd himself al press attention to presidential as ence. Fritz does excellent back nuence that would inoculate Mon administration's earliest days to in a particularly uncomfortable posi s:b:lments he deemed substantivc. ground study and his staff is superb dale from the plight of Thomas Mar moderate wlwt he thought were ei tion when Carter '''''as putting the fin ... Almost invariably, when Fritz Is shall, who compared serving as ther mistaken or dangerously am ishing touches on a budget that - A ~art:c'Jl :1r sore point was the COy present, when I'm approaching the Woodrow Wilson's vice president biguous policies toward the Middle would rednce the federal deficit to er;;ge of his recent trip to Scandina time for a decision, I turn to him last with "a man In a cataleptic til: He East. In general, th')se were poliCies, f30 billion by restraining s;>ending \'ia, The press p1 3yed it as a roots-re and say, 'Mr. vice preSident, what Is cannot speak, he cannot move. he now shelved, thnt in1uriated Ameri on social service programs, whije in \'i!' :tec! trip to his ancestral home in your assessment., . ?' suffers no pain, he is perfectly ('on can J~wlsh groups and made Ismel creasing defense spending in real ~!'Jnd.1l. :-';orw3Y. while ignoring his sclous of nil that goes on, but has no feel less secure. He was also instru terms. fOxeCU:l:-on of ::n important assign .. And it's really kind of a rare thing part of It." mental in persuading Carter to insist ment from Curter: That Mondale for me not to go along with his posi that the Justice Department take a While Mondale appreCiated the po ;llay an e:nb.."-Jry ·s role in winning tion because Fritz tries to put him The Carter-Monda Ie relationship has stronger stnl'd In favor of civil rights liIical nece!>Sily of the administra- ~'.!pp(jrt from northern l'tATO allies self in the role of a president .. , been strengthened In a number of when the Bakke reverse discr!mina · tion's attack on inrlallon and its (,,' SALT II and other administration When he does speak on an issue, ev ways. Mondale became the first vice tion case was before the U.s. Su · budget proposal for the Pentagon, he f.::rt:i~n pvlicy initiatives. erybody gets qUiet, everybolly listens president to be assigneu an otrice In preme Court. also fell that a Dem~cratic president to him, because they know that he's the White House's West Wing; his could not afford to be seen a~ cal FN wh .. te\,er reason, and probably approaching the point of making the \'ice presidential starf was funcUon Although Mondale has made It a lously turning his bac;: on the aged, including an im;lreclse mix of all the judgment from the same perspective ally integrated with Carter's; he was firm policy to work from a low the needy, the powerless and the a 0.' \'e, ~,l::lnd3:e's mood throughout as if he were president," given the responsibility for planning crouch within' the administration, sick. Having carried his mlsgivin&> ITL.ch of the I:!te winter and ~pring where Carter could best direct his enough Information about his role to Carter perc;onally, Mondale won a h;;;: been g.J~m. n.e vice president Ultimately. Carter's last assertion energies. has Icaked out to cut his personal po restoration of $2 billion in social ~· .-· ~r,. Jt q lj e !t: on~ suggesting tllnt he may represent the most significant !itkal losses with key Interest groups spending. strictly a marginal victory h.i" t.~cn Ui'J<'.:aily grumpy recently, achievement of Mondale's vice presi . But access remains the key factor. who have supported him - Ameri but still, from Mondale's standpoint, a!t:Jo1,;g~ ~,t1{~ - not on his staff dency, That Is so because the vice Carter, for example, has established ('an Jewish groups, organized labor, an improvement. but nO:1t'lhele..c;., wilh regular access president's sole constitutional re a general policy that entitles Mon farm organizations, blacks - even as higt. execll(i \'e branch aides- sponsibility. aside from the purely dale to join virtually any presidential while the president's standing with Morc recently, he argued unsuccess . 5.Jy te h:l3 l.'>t'en di~piriled for much l'eremonial duties of presiding over meeting In progres." and routes all all those groups has dramatically fully that Carter should couple an in of the :;f'ar and that it took a late the U,S. Senate, Is to be ready to as Important presidential documents dropped. crease in the price ceilings on do M .. y fi~hing trip to rescue him from sume power in case the presidency across Mondale's desk. mestic oil with a windfall profits tax. the do;dn;ms. hecomes vacant. In preparing him On the other hand, Mondale has his Carter ultimately prop1)sed gradual self for the vice president's job, Mon All of whIch seems to bolster an as critics, some of whom wonder how · but tOlal decontrol. While the presi There are. how~\'er, solid and endur dale dId not have to search the his sertion by Carter early In the admin hard he has fought to protect pro dent also urged Congress to adopt a ir.!! rea~":t:3 fo. ~:(1ndale to feel good torical record to know what he want Istration that Mondale, having been grams he advocated as a senator, Windfall tax, be did not say that de a;x,ut his \Ice presidency. One can ed to avoid: so well prepped, could step In on a One example involves funding cuts control should be made contingent be ~j:!precl.lted by dialing the tele moment's notice and ('omplete the . and reorganil.ation proposals aHect on adopting the levy, pt;,'n~ r.ul':lb~r fM C.lrter's unofficial There were the examples ot Harry then-unfinished SALT II negotiations. Ing child development programs. reelection .-:ampaign headquarters Truman assuming the presidency in But while the institutional arrange Others wonder why Mondale. as one Monday: Mondale'. role la forel,a ~n" ~ " ..,, ~~. - ... ~ . - -- - ~J1onday July 2, 1979 VolumeCXIII Number 33 3 Sedtions M w . l,~ · ' ,.- ;~ " ~', 1'§;;:J.1 ~. ~ ~ . ~f.~ ~~:j ~ .,.;::-s, -- ~"""'~~'~"t) " ~ ,\ $ '" of ' , ,,l\"~:~' ~ ,t~ " . . ''i Mondale plays significant role ",'~".~l f~~~~: ~ ~t1 ..J ~ .. ;v'::...... )-; t ,~"'. . I in shaping Carter's foreign policy " . " ,'. " ", to' ,,' " f . ~ " J Second of two articles year of stormy, almost hostile, exchanges be . oppo~ing establishment of an ir:1e;>er. :! e;: ~ f-a :es ". ~ ' , ~:: ~?; •i, ~ >''; ~: ~ .)~Ji:I::t::~r~i: ~ tween the Israeli government and the new car tinlan sta!e on Israel's bor,': er, a q:.:eE,j(;n t ~ ;.[ ' . - "" .' '"' , . , !t" ''h''':S'''~ By Finlay Lewis ' .' ter administration, had been a turning point - a was shrouded In ambiguity during tile t'c . !ier '" . Staff Correspondent moment of reassurance about the underlying days of fte Carter adminis tratio n. ?erh,j j)S :','J:-e prj','ate, 1<: :;': ~,! 0 r:~ ;:,; e .'.1, . strength of the special relationship binding the Important was a hour-lor.g Washington, D.C. two countries. had with Begin shortly beftjre lea'''i ~, g r ~r a ,J' .. .. _...... Flushed with unexpected success, Menachem meeting with Egyptian Presldent An .... u Sai!cL Begin and Cyrus Vance were sharing a final qui Mondale's visit had been symbolically slgnlfl- . et moment together In lnurel lodge at Camp cant. Overriding State Department objections, '" made a very strong plcn t'tat he ~r'.l st C'..,r:er David an hour or so berore the world would be Mondale visited the Wailing Wall in east Jerusa ... I tried to interpret Carter to him: ' ~ . h l!~;s ! e told of a historic breakthrough In Middle East lem, part or the Holy City that was seized by the recalled in an Intervitw l:lst week."I b':!it ';e I diplomacy. . Israelis In the 1967 war. It was rega rded by the made an Impact on him beca ·.i ~e I !!i!f:K he ... :!.:, American government as occup ied territory and heginnlng to doubt us in (jur ccmm!!:T','=!l [ to is .,. .~-~ . .. '. ::- In a reflective mood, Begin recalled that one thererore ort-limits to orncial U.S. representa F \' ' . :.= f , ~ . rael." .. man and one event deserved considerable cred tives, If accompanied by an Israeli host. Arter :,.: ',4. ' ; ', .,' ,"'" ".: J . ~' . It for bringing his country, Israel, and its Bibli listening to the arguments. Mondale said he Returning to Washington. !,f0:lcale wrc!e a ..... cal rival, Egypt, to the brink of peace. The man would go to the wall anyway - because he memo to Carter, sa y i!l ~ the mOr:1ent W25 ri;::! f,-; r .• ~ ..... j 1- was Walter Mondale and the event was a visit by wanted to. It would be a personal visit, not indic progress toward p~ r. ce in tt, e ~lid~le E~t 1; ') 1 .. -: : ~ \ Mondule to Israel 2Va months earlier to help ative of a shirt In American policy. And so he that it would snmer, l) w he r.ecessary to hr.::;; Sa '. celebrate Its 30th anniversary of nationhood. went, accompanied by Jerusalem's mayor, Ted dat and Ileg:n to[cther in ar. er.\ iri',: :.-.er.: , ~ . . dy Kollek. shielded from oUL"j,je pre~51: r e s . COi;~a c lS :J C' \ _ .5._ .. ,_ -I .M.;.;; "" " '"~''' ' ~'. .. ' \>0> " , •• ',' "'..... ~.4>., ...... , ... _"' ..~J A day or so later, the Israeli prime ministt'T reit twr.en the parties at lo ..... er oWcial leveL; V.C 1.. :,j I Walter Mondala has become a shaper of the Carter administration' • . erated the point In an Interview with Wolf Mondale also came bearing messages of sub not be sufficient. ' foreign poh.:y. Blitzer, Washington correspondent for lhe Jeru stance. He made a major speech to parliament, _Jelll ros~, Mondale's visit, afte~ more than a saying the United Slates would support Israel In Moadale conllnued 00 Piite 40\ l' ~!I., \ •..J • Conliltuccf 'rom paRr. ." "ii'" said, '" 'wlll'v,' Ihal Ih" ('rurlal ""Iullon c'v"lvco ' r,:om r"rr-to-fllC't' ';11'11 I'. III h"I:1 n I,.., Itrllh',:ul~ umclIlK harl:ainlllJ: ht'I\'I'l'n hrrlC'l lind A~ a lihcrul pnllllcinn who hud 1111 SI'~IIl"J11s II' SII\·I('ly. EKYIIl, ''"It'rl:I'cl rrolll Ih(' rank.; or Ih.! 1>,..1. parly I II t,c'I'UIII(' MlIl'lI'sClla's allur. "If Ihere! Is one ('cnlral SU1:,~('stion I.all'r III III(! summit, lalks hit a serio ney g('nrral and latl:r U.S. sCMtor, Ihal I mad,., It Wa1i Ihal the It'IIc1,.rs ous ~nal: flV,.r Israt:!'s sc'ttkm"llls In Monlialt"s 1IIIt'rc:;ls had always l/t'cn 1)( thl~ South African ~:uvernnll~nt Ihc' SlIIal. IJrawln/.! Oil the rapPlll1 he !'hurply fllfU"I'd or. Ilollll'stic ,ssues. m"l·t WIth Ihl' h: ~ llimalt: lIiIllWhil(~ coslahh';III:ll I'arti('r ".- il II 1l"'i:III, Mon. However, Carler ~~ )0t1 put him to "',,!lers IIf South Afrira ,11Ic! dc-vl.:lol) dale pll'alIPfl wilh lilt: Israeli prime work as a rilClVl'r :In,1 <;harwl' of his w,'h Ihl'lII the rerorms wh ,eh made mlOlSlf:r 10 gIve I:round, tl) realize lulministratioll's fl)n ~ ll~n policy. s('nse In all South Africans." Ihat the SC'\llemcnls lacked historic and strategic value to his country. Inde(:d, the temporary grandstands Mondalc's rille In helping b(~lld hlsto Allhough others on the U.S. team lining thr. January I !!77 inaugural pa· ry'~ cnurse In Ihe Middle East hl'gan ~cre making the same argument, rade routc had barely been remuved soon aft('r he took office and ·'n . Carter counted on Mondale because · when Carter c1lspatched Monda!e to' volved a tense. unpuhllclzed bureau of the. respect he enjoyed among the introduce tt,e new aaministration to cratic struggle pitting Mondale Israelis. · Amerka's most important allies. again1it national security adviser Zbigniew Bl7.ezinskl and, to a lesser Later that month, Mondale saw on ' .A tougher assignment soon followed. extt>nt, Secretary of State Vance . advance text of a spr.ech · Vance was ' .to deliver to the United Nations. , 'On the afternoon of May J9, 1977, Carter'S earl it's! proposal<; for stabl· gal~' the troubling issues of the Pal Mondale found himself seated oppo IIzlng the MiddlL East reflected rec shorans and the West Bank were site John Vorster, the aging but still ommendations contained in an earli ~ra,sed 10 a way that was certain to tough primp. minister of South Afri· er study by the Brookings Institution. . r ause the administration problems ca, in a small, spare room with a sin Brzezinski had been a leading par With the Israelis. Mondale argued gle bronze chandelier. tucked away ticipant in that study. . fruitlessly with Vance and Brzezinski in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. .Outside, a team of majestiC lippi Thus, Ihe president 'urged reconven for more moderate language. zaner show horses was prancing in a ing a Geneva conference tirst consti dusty courtyard, the clop-<:Iop-clop of luted under the jOint chairmanship Then he took his case to Carter, caU their flashing hooves echoing dully of the United States and the Soviet ing him away from an evening mov· · through the room's open window. Union after the J967 Mideast War. ie in the White House theater with a The idea was to seek a comprehen group of guestc; .• .One .reason for the meeting Involved sive seUlemenl differentiating Carter the incredibly explosive problem of diplomacy from Henry . Kissinger'S Recalling the incident in an Inter assuring a bloodless transition to step-by-step approach. The idea view for a biography on Mondale to black majority rule in Rhodesia and made the Israelis - and Sadat be published early next year, Carter Southwest Africa. But what angered nervous because of the envisioned said, "I lett the theater and went up Vorster and the bulldog-visaged Soviet role. An additional problem to my study and reread the text to aides nanking him was Mondale's was the high likelihood that such a veiled warning that the United Stales conference would be dominated look at Fritz's comments and I agreed with Fritz. I called Vance in ·,--would not come to South Africa's aid and ultimately disrupted - by the if persistent adherence to racially Palestinian homeland issue. Such a New York and told him to modify separatist policies were to trigger a development, the Israelis felt, could the text." black-white civil war among Vor only serve to heighten prospects of ·"Ster's countrymen. another war. Mondale's visibility In the coming months on foreign policy issues . At a press conference after tile Mondale privately agreed with those and their domestic political ramifi ·. meeting. Mondale carried his mes concerns. He also sympathized with cations - is likely to be greater than .sage one step farther. Asked by a . Jewish consternation over various ever. South African journalist whether he statements by Carter during the · saw any compromise short of the spring of 1977 that did not clearly Repeating an assignment he execut -Ane-man, one-vole principle that the rule out possible administration sup ed with some succe:;s in presenting .South Africans viewed as uncondi port for or acquiescence in the estab- . the administration's case for Senate tional SUrreilGer to an overwhelm Iishment of a Palestinian state. ratification of the Panama Canal ingly nonwhite population, Mondale .. replied, "No, no. Irs the same thing. Competition over shaping the Ameri treaties, Mondale will be shouldering Every citizen should have the right can position continued up to the eve a major burden in trying to win su~ to vote and every vote should be of the Camp David .summit in Sep- port for .the SALT II treaty• .;equally weighted." tember 1978 and beyond. In the meantime, Mondale will trav Mondale's inexperience and liberal One of the proposals forwarded dur el to China later this summer_ commitments had carried him into ing early negotiating at Camp David dangerous politi::al territory, ·Reac- called for substantial Israeli with Mondale's involvement In helping taon was swift. cal!~in~ American dip- drawal from West Bank lands cap shape Carter's foreign and domestic . I'lmats to work ov~rtime to assure tured during the 1967 wur. Mondale pOlicies stems from an agreement the South Africans that the United killed the proposal by going directly arrived at between the two before States was nol about to dictate a sfle· 10 Curter and arguing that trying to they took office. Anxious to avoid the ·cific solution to their racial troubles. dictate Sllch a solution to the Israelis dead-end jobs that had been the fate Finally. Mond;}le di~\vr.wed his o..... n would doom the summit. In effect. of most or his predecessors, Mondale ' ·ords. In an Uctobt>r inteJ'View with Mondale told Carter, the administra sought assurances that his tenure at . the Rand D;!lly Mail. one or South lion had 10 come to the negotiating least would be different. The record ~Arrica's leading nt!~s.!:p~a~p.:::e:.:rs:.:..-.:..;.~.:..:lo:.;.n:..-_.:..:la.:..:b_le,;-.~_·i_th_a_c_le_a_n_sl_a_te_a_n_d_l_e_t_t_h_e--l 10 date Indicates that Mondale's hopes have been largely satisfied• " . . '... As. Carter put It, "The lenders of oth- . , . -er nations. ..recognile that Frilz in- deed speaks for me. . "I doubt that this hns ever bt>en the (':15t> in the history of our nation with another vict' presldt.'nl." , ...• MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Copyri ght in the Walter F. Mondale Papers belongs to the Minnesota Hi stori cal Soci ety and its content may not be copied without the copyright holder's express w ritten permi ss ion. Users may print, downl oad, link to, or email content, however, for individual use. To request permission for commercial or educational use, please contact the Minnesota Hi stori cal Society. 1~ W'W'W. mnhs.org