The Status of Invertebrate Resources at Manihiki and Rakahanga Atolls

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Status of Invertebrate Resources at Manihiki and Rakahanga Atolls The Status of Invertebrate Resources at Manihiki and Rakahanga Atolls, Cook Islands. By Ngereteina George & Richard Story September 2014 – Miscellaneous Report: 03/14 Ref No. NG-3/0814 | Inshore & Aquaculture Division Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 2 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Pearl oyster (pārau) assessment .............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Trochus (torōkati) assessment ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Rugose Clam (pa’ua) assessment ............................................................................................ 5 1.4 Sea cucumber (rori) assessment .............................................................................................. 5 1.5 Management and existing harvest regimes ............................................................................. 5 1.6 Objective of the assessment surveys ....................................................................................... 5 2.0 Methods....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Survey design .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Survey methodologies ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Data analysis and reporting ..................................................................................................... 7 3.0 Results and discussion ................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Survey coverage ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Density (all species) ................................................................................................................ 8 3.3 Sea cucumber .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.1 Density ............................................................................................................................ 9 3.3.2 Size distribution ............................................................................................................ 10 3.3.3 Stock estimate for selected sea cucumber species ........................................................ 12 3.4 Blacklip pearl oyster (pārau) ................................................................................................. 13 3.5 Trochus ................................................................................................................................. 13 3.6 Manihiki rugose giant clam (pa’ua) ...................................................................................... 13 3.6.1 Density and size structure comparison with previous assessments ............................... 14 3.6.2 Mortality rates ............................................................................................................... 16 3.7 Crown of thorns .................................................................................................................... 17 4.0 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 18 5.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 20 6.0 Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 21 Appendix 1. Locations of survey stations. ........................................................................................ 21 Appendix 2. GPS coordinates for stations at each site. ..................................................................... 23 Appendix 3. Summary statistics for the two sites. ............................................................................ 25 Appendix 4. Invertebrate species recorded at the two sites .............................................................. 27 Appendix 5. Summary of MMR unpublished paua data 2002 .......................................................... 31 1 | P a g e Acknowledgments The Ministry of Marine Resources (MMR) acknowledges with gratitude the partnering and financial support provided by the EU Funded Global Climate Change Alliance: Pacific Small Island States (GCCA: PSIS) Project; Environmental Monitoring to Enhance Community Livelihoods and Build Resilience to Climate Change in Low Lying Atolls of the Cook Islands, for the assessment of invertebrate resources in Manihiki and Rakahanga. Many have contributed to the completion of this report from, data collection, analysis, interpretation and writing. Many thanks to MMR Secretary, Ben Ponia, Director of Inshore Fisheries and Aquaculture, Kori Raumea for general guidance, MMR staff, Tangi Napara, Tina Weier, Ravengakore Tuteru, Tuteru Taripo, Wireless Pupuke and part-time MMR staff Maui Tairea, for your efforts in the field and GIS work. Franck Magron, and Ian Bertram of Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), for support in GIS and analytical and guidance in drafting the report. Teina Rongo (National Coordinator for the GCCA: PSIS project) for editorial support. Lastly meitaki kore reka to the Mayors, members of the Island Councils, Executive officers and community of Manihiki and Rakahanga; our work wouldn’t have been successful without your support. Ministry of Marine Resources PO Box 85, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands T: +682 28721 F:+682 29721 E: [email protected] 2 | P a g e Summary This report presents the results of invertebrate resource assessments completed in May 2014. Transect were used to assess resources over six days in Manihiki and three days in Rakahanga. Sea cucumber assemblages are low in terms of species recorded and size structure. Density of lollyfish was close to regional reference density at Manihiki, but three times higher in Rakahanga, although abundant they were small (average size 122 ±0.9 mm). In Manihiki trochus density was 11.5 (± 6.8) per hectare and absent in Rakahanga. There is no potential for commercial fishing of sea cucumber and trochus at this time. The assessment determined moderate densities of black lip pearl oyster on fringing reefs and patch reefs for both atolls. This data can be added to information currently collected for deep lagoon strata’s in order to estimate total abundance of wild pearl oyster stocks in both atolls. Giant clam is abundant in Manihiki but rare in Rakahanga. When clams stocks are reduced to low levels stock recovery periods are uncertain. To safe guard this important food resource against recruitment failure there is a need to be cautious when determining large scale community harvest. The current prohibition on the exports of clams from Manihiki and the protection of clam stock by Ra’ui is excellent and encouraged. Other tools the council could consider are long term closures, (Ra’ui), minimum size limits and very moderate harvest quantities determined after resources surveys for large scale community harvest. Permanent resource monitoring sites should be established to regularly assess recruitment of juvenile clams. Crown of thorns numbers are very low and do not pose a problem at this time. 3 | P a g e 1.0 Introduction Manihiki and Rakahanga are part of six atolls in the northern group of the Cook Islands. Both atolls are approximately 1,225 kilometres from Rarotonga, the capital of the Cook Islands. Communities on both islands purchase food supplies and necessities in bulk for inter-island cargo ships which can be between two to three months between ship visits. Manihiki is served by inter-island aircraft which visits the island on a fortnightly basis, however occasionally there are chartered flights. Communities commute between atolls by outboard powered aluminium boats. Residents have adapted to the isolation, irregular shipping/aircraft services by primarily living off the sea and land. Manihiki and Rakahanga communities were once heavily involved in pearl production, however due to increased pearl production cost and decreasing pearl value as a result of global trends in production and marketing this activity has subsided to a few fully active farms. Other sources of income include handcraft, export of modest volumes of seafood, small private business and through government employment. Handcraft is primarily produced by women and these valued products are sought after in the Cook Islands. The atolls have significant lagoons with a maximum depth of 70 meters in Manihiki and 33 meters for Rakahanga. The communities carry out similar fishing activities, collecting invertebrates (primarily for clams and lobster), netting, spearfishing, fixed coral fish traps, and several methods of lagoon and deep water hook and line fishing for fin-fish. Fisheries resources are abundant and
Recommended publications
  • ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus Sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020
    ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020 Atiu Swiftlet James J. S. Johnson Author: Te Ipukarea Society Te Ipukarea Society, PO Box 649, Rarotonga Cook Islands Funded with the support of: The Ridge to Reef Project through the National Environment Service, funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and facilitated by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Species status report – Kopeka, Atiu Swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli) Summary The Atiu swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli), known locally as the kopeka, is endemic to the island of Atiu within the Cook Islands and is listed under the IUCN Red List as ‘Vulnerable’ (BirdLife International, 2016; IUCN 2020). Under the Ridge to Reef project (R2R), the Atiu Swiftlet was listed as a key terrestrial species for conservation activities (UNDP Project document, undated). Projects relevant to the kopeka that were initially planned to be implemented under R2R included: support for the kopeka conservation effort; support collaborative work amongst key stakeholders such as National Environment Service (NES), National Heritage Trust (NHT), the Atiu Island Council and Traditional Leaders to create and implement a Species Conservation Plan for this species; and to measure the population at the end of the project to gauge the overall results of the species conservation plan. The R2R baseline figures for the kopeka were recorded at 420 individuals in 2015. Species target goals upon completion of the R2R project were for ‘no net decline in population numbers’. During the four-year R2R programme 2015-19, later extended to 2021, no updated population surveys were conducted. In 2016 -2017, estimated population numbers were around 600 adults (M.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands of the Basicbasic Informationinformation Onon Thethe Marinemarine Resourcesresources Ofof Thethe Cookcook Islandsislands
    Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands Produced by the Ministry of Marine Resources Government of the Cook Islands and the Information Section Marine Resources Division Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) with financial assistance from France . Acknowledgements The Ministry of Marine Resources wishes to acknowledge the following people and organisations for their contribution to the production of this Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands handbook: Ms Maria Clippingdale, Australian Volunteer Abroad, for compiling the information; the Cook Islands Natural Heritage Project for allowing some of its data to be used; Dr Mike King for allowing some of his drawings and illustration to be used in this handbook; Aymeric Desurmont, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Fisheries Information Specialist, for formatting and layout and for the overall co-ordination of efforts; Kim des Rochers, SPC English Editor for editing; Jipé Le-Bars, SPC Graphic Artist, for his drawings of fish and fishing methods; Ministry of Marine Resources staff Ian Bertram, Nooroa Roi, Ben Ponia, Kori Raumea, and Joshua Mitchell for reviewing sections of this document; and, most importantly, the Government of France for its financial support. iii iv Table of Contents Introduction .................................................... 1 Tavere or taverevere ku on canoes ................................. 19 Geography ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FORTY-NINTH SESSION Hansard Report
    FORTY-NINTH SESSION Hansard Report 49th Session Fourth Meeting Volume 4 WEDNESDAY 5 JUNE 2019 MR DEPUTY SPEAKER took the Chair at 9.00 a.m. OPENING PRAYER MR DEPUTY SPEAKER (T. TURA): Please be seated. Greetings to everyone this morning in the Name of the Lord. We say thank you to our Chaplain for the words of wisdom from God and let that be our guidance throughout the whole day. Kia Orana to everyone in this Honourable House this morning, Honourable Members of Parliament, the Clerk of Parliament and your staff, and our friend from WA, Australia – Peter McHugh. Those in the Public Gallery – greetings to you all and May the Lord continue to bless each and everyone here today. MR DEPUTY SPEAKER’S ANNOUNCEMENTS Honourable Members, I have good news for you all and for those interested in the Budget Book 1 and Budget Book 2. These are now available on the MFEM website under Treasury. These will also be available on the Parliament website today. Honourable Members, I have a very special Kia Orana and acknowledgment to four very special Cook Islanders today who received the Queen’s Birthday Honours. On behalf of the Speaker of this Honourable House, the Honourable Niki Rattle may I extend to them our warmest congratulations for their utmost achievements that we should all be proud of them today. Firstly, the businessman, Ewan Smith of Air Rarotonga. He received one of the highest New Zealand Honours. Congratulations Ewan. Secondly, to Mrs Rima David. She received the British Empire Medal. Congratulations Rima. Thirdly, to Iro Pae Puna.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Emergency Response Plan to Covid-19
    COOK ISLANDS EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN TO COVID-19 MARCH 2020 WHAT IS CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019? WHAT IS OUR PLAN? Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory illness The Cook Islands emergency response plan to COVID-19 (Plan) affecting the lungs, spreading all over the world. is a nationwide effort to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a COVID-19 the health, social and economic status of the Cook Islands Pandemic on 11 March 2020 population. The incubation period (time between infection and onset of symptoms) is estimated to be 14 days. LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE The Prime Minister will lead the national effort with the support 80% of cases are reported as mild to moderate. 5% are critical, of the Minister of Health and Cabinet, and other stakeholders. requiring intensive care unit (ICU) services. There is no specific treatment (vaccine/antivirals). The National Disaster Risk Management Council (NDRMC), the Central Agency Committee (CAC), and the National Health Emergency Taskforce (NHET) will provide advice to Cabinet. HOW IS COVID-19 SPREAD? The NDRMC establishes the National Emergency Operations The virus that causes COVID-19 is transmitted through: Centre (NEOC) from which the National Response Executive 1. Large droplet spread (NRE) will direct and coordinate the response. 2. Transmission through aerosolised spread (coughs) Various stakeholders will implement the Plan. They include: 3. Contact – direct or indirect – with respiratory secretions Religious Advisory Council (RAC); traditional leaders; (saliva or contaminated surfaces) government agencies; non-government organisations (NGOs); Rarotonga and Pa Enua Puna; other community committees, WHO IS AT RISK OF SEVERE ILLNESS? international partners and the private sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Priority Environmental Problems (PEC) Report: a Review and Assessment of the Priority Environmental Concerns
    ISSN 1818-5614 Cook Islands priority environmental problems (PEC) report: a review and assessment of the priority environmental concerns By Island Friends Ltd. IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 11 Global United Nations Pacific Regional Environment Development Environment Facility Programme Programme SPREP IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cook Islands priority environmental problems (PEC) report : a review and assessment of the priority environmental concerns. / [prepared by] Island Friends Ltd. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2004. 106 p. ; 29 cm IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 11 ISBN: 982-04-0274-3 ISSN: 1818-5614 1. Environmental impact analysis – Cook Islands. 2. Environmental monitoring – Cook Islands. 3. Ecological risk assessment – Cook Islands. 4. Environmental protection – Cook Islands. I. Implementation of the Strategic Action Programme of the Pacific Small Island Developing States. Project No. RAS/98/G32. III. International Waters Programme. IV. Cook Islands International Waters Programme. V. Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). VI. Title. 333.714 This report was produced by SPREP’s International Waters Project that is implementing the Strategic Action Programme for the International Waters of the Pacific Small Island Developing States with funding from the Global Environment Facility. The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the publisher. Cover design by SPREP’s Publications Unit Editing: Ms. Talica Koroi Layout: Ms. Sasa’e Walter Printed by Marfleet Printing Co. Ltd. Apia, Samoa SPREP P O Box 240 Apia, Samoa Ph: (685) 21929 Fax: (685) 20231 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sprep.org.ws/iwp © SPREP 2004 The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorizes the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Atiu & Takutea
    ATIU & TAKUTEA NEARSHORE MARINE ASSESSMENT 2019 © Ministry of Marine Resources (MMR) All rights for commercial reproduction and/or translation are reserved. The Cook Islands MMR authorises partial reproduction or translation of this work for fair use, scientific, educational/outreach and research purposes, provided MMR and the source document are properly acknowledged. Full reproduction may be permitted with consent of MMR management approval. Photographs contained in this document may not be reproduced or altered without written consent of the original photographer and/or MMR. Original Text: English Design and Layout: Ministry of Marine Resources Front Cover: Atiu Cliff and Goats Photo: Kirby Morejohn/MMR Inside Rear Cover: Takutea Birds Photo: Lara Ainley/MMR Rear Cover: The Grotto Photo: Kirby Morejohn/MMR Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 2019 ATIU & TAKUTEA NEARSHORE MARINE ASSESSMENT Prepared for the Atiu Island Council and Community James Kora, Dr. Lara Ainley and Kirby Morejohn Ministry of Marine Resources This book is an abbreviated form of the 2018, Atiu and Takutea Nearshore Invertebrate and Finfish Assessment i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Atiu ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Takutea ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring the Distribution, Population Structure and Status of Sea Turtles in the Cook Islands
    Monitoring the distribution, population structure and status of sea turtles in the Cook Islands Cook Islands Turtle Project: 2011 Annual Report By Dr Michael White Cook Islands Turtle Project: Annual Report 2011 www.picionline.org Research Permit: #07/09e (first issued 07/05/2009; then extended on 20/04/2010) Approved by the National Research Committee (Foundation for National Research). Partners Cook Islands Turtle Project (CITP) Pacific Islands Conservation Initiative (PICI) Ministry of Marine Resources (Pamela Maru) Pacific Divers (Proprietor: Stephen Lyon) Local Communities Cook Islands Turtle Project PO Box 1019 Titikaveka Rarotonga Cook Islands Frontispiece: Left profile of a green turtle Chelonia mydas tagged at Tongareva (2011). Photo-recognition techniques can use these facial scale patterns to confirm identity. 1 Cook Islands Turtle Project: Annual Report 2011 www.picionline.org Thanks to: Prime Minister’s Office Chief of Staff: Mac Mokoroa. Email: [email protected] Diane Charlie Tina Samson Foundation for National Research Ministry of Marine Resources Ben Ponia Pamela Maru Bill Marsters (Fishery Officer, Palmerston) Ta’angi (Fishery Officer, Manihiki) Papatu (Fishery Officer, Rakahanga) Pacific Islands Conservation Initiative URL: http://www.picionline.org Stephen Lyon & Jessica Cramp National Environment Service Vaitoti Tupa Elizabeth Munro (Biodiversity Officer) John Samuela (Former Warden of Suwarrow) Ian Karika (Scientific Advisor to Bonn Convention - CMS) Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration Kave Ringi Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Stories of Inspiration from Women in Local Government
    Women’s Leadership Stories- Cook Islands Stories of inspiration from women in local government Commonwealth Local Government Forum Pacific CLGF Pacific wishes to thank all the people Disclaimer involved in the development of this publication, The information contained in this publication including: is provided in good faith by the CLGF Pacific Project. It has been obtained from current • the partners of the Akateretere Anga Tau and past women local government employees O Te Pa Enua Program, in particular the and council member and is understood Cook Islands National Council of Women, to be accurate and current at the date of the Cook Islands Gender and Development publication. It is not intended to be, and Division, the Pa Enua Local Governance Unit should not be relied upon as the ultimate and • the Pacific Women in Local Government complete source of information or advice for Network readers entering local government. • the women who so generously shared Copyright 2013 by the Commonwealth Local their stories Government Forum Pacific Requests and enquiries concerning this publication should be addressed to: Regional Director CLGF Pacific GPO Box 159 Suva, Fiji For general information about programs and activities for women in local government in the Pacific please visit:www.wilgpacific.org ‘ When I was 12 years old, I decided on my life goals: I wanted to put God at the centre of my life, I wanted to be rich and I wanted to be a leader.’ Tuki Wright, October 2012 Contents Introduction . 1 Women’s Pathways From the Pa Enua . 26 Foreword . 2 Mrs Tuki Wright 27 PUKAPUKA ISLAND Messages of solidarity .
    [Show full text]
  • National Fishery Sector Overview Cook Islands
    FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE Food and Agriculture COUNTRY PROFILE Organization of the United FID/CP/COK Nations PROFIL DE LA PÊCHE ET DE Organisation des Nations Unies L’AQUACULTURE PAR PAYS pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture RESUMEN INFORMATIVO SOBRE Organización de las Naciones May 2010 LA PESCA Y LA ACUICULTURA POR Unidas para la Agricultura y la PAÍSES Alimentación NATIONAL FISHERY SECTOR OVERVIEW COOK ISLANDS 1. GENERAL GEOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DATA Area: 237 km² Water area: 1 830 000 km² Shelf area: [no continental shelf] Length of continental coastline: 419 km (length of the coast of islands) Population (2007)*: 20 000 GDP at purchaser's value (2008) 225 676 000 USD1 GDP per head (2008): 10 645 USD Agricultural GDP (2008): 17 172 000 USD2 Fisheries GDP (2007): 3 318 000 USD3 * source: UN Population Division) 2. FISHERIES DATA Total Per Caput 2007 Production Imports Exports Supply Supply tonnes liveweight kg/year Fish for direct human 2 056 351 1 259 1 148 57.4 consumption4 1 2007 average exchange rate: US$1 – New Zealand $1.36; GDP source: A summary of the national accounts of the Cook Islands is given in Statistics Office (2008). Economic Statistics. Available at www.stats.gov.ck/Statistics/Economic. Staff of the Statistics Office kindly provided a disaggregation of the “agriculture and fishing” component, from which the fishing contribution to GDP can be determined. 2 This is the official contribution of agriculture to GDP and does not include fishing. 3 This is the official fishing contribution to GDP. A recalculation shows the total fishing contribution to be USD$2.9 million: Gillett (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Tuhinga Pdf for TPP:Layout 1
    Tuhinga 21: 99–123 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2010) Rediscovering the collection: Cook Islands material culture in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Grace Hutton*, Safua Akeli** and Sean Mallon*** * Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) ** Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) *** Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) ABSTRACT: Artefacts from the Cook Islands have been collected since the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) opened in 1865 as the Colonial Museum. In this article we provide a historical overview of the Cook Islands collection at Te Papa. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the collection, review some of the factors influencing its growth, and consider the possibilities for future collection development. This article is an output of a survey of the Cook Islands collection carried out between 2007 and 2009. KEYWORDS: Te Papa, Cook Islands collection, Pacific Cultures collection, Pacific Islanders, New Zealand, museums. Introduction to New Zealand in recent decades. What began in the It is only since 1993 that the Museum of New Zealand Te nineteenth century as a comparative collection of ethno - Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) has managed its Pacific treasures graphic ‘specimens’ – objects collected during the scientific as a separate collection. For most of the institution’s history study of peoples and cultures – has broadened to include (as the Colonial Museum from 1865 to 1907, the Dominion contemporary works by known artists.
    [Show full text]
  • S-0443-0066-0005-00005 UC.Tif
    r .. ·\II • •• ~ ~ ;.I r, $, ,,. ~~ ;,)' ill il1 !1' • :i ~1 ., 1' .. (ti { -91- ,. ~· ;:... ;, ...t;. I" ,,. I, ' if. ""' .~ ,- with th Gove=nmcnt in mntters pertaining to land and native cu tom and any other mattcrs lon whlch tho Government mey require ad.vice from the .J.ri is. On mn.tters t pertaining to la.nd and custom and any other matter specified by law the Rouse of .Arikis tho..il ho.ve the power to rcfe:r back to the Lecislo.tivc As embly and/or , . l Cabinet up to three times,and after the first time may demand c nsultntion wita the ' Cabinet If there hes been no reference back the first time w thin seven dcys, nod ~ ,. within wo deys for the second or third time, the mat'-er shall e consid erod to have bei n c.6Tecd to by the liouse of A.r i kis. {, " ~· Thi High Commissioner shall retain the right to refer bnck as is already ~ .11 " specifi tl in the draft Constitution for the Council of, State. ~- (t ., ,., Al hough it is at prosent recommended that there shall be High Commissioner only,who s:1c.ll represent cler Majesty the Queen, the Government f the Cook Islands . i '" . would 1J o!c f:l.vourably on a proposal thct o.n .Ariki should also r present Her 1,:ajesty ., the Queen if the House cf 1.rikis so requested • 'ii: I •. No j law shall be enforceable on ony is?and where such law r ns counter to "Ill' ,v; ~ tradi ti I nd b.nd uso.ge unless re quo sted by the A.riki s and/or Ka a.na.s of the isl and" • ..
    [Show full text]
  • Treaty Between the United States of America and the Cook Islands (1980)
    TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 10774 MARITIME BOUNDARIES Treaty Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and the COOK ISLANDS Signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980 NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89-497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)- "... the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agree- ments other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, d in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof." For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 COOK ISLANDS Maritime Boundaries Treaty signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980; Transmitted by the President of the United States of America to the Senate September 2, 1980 (S. Ex. P, 96th Cong., 2d Sess.); Reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ tions February 11, 1982 (S. Ex. Rept. No. 97­49, 97th Cong., 2d Sess.); Advice and consent to ratification by the Senate June 21, 1983; Ratified by the President August 16, 1983; Ratified by the Cook Islands September 8, 1983; Ratifications exchanged at Rarotonga September 8, 1983; Proclaimed by the President October 31, 1983; Entered into force September 8,
    [Show full text]