ATTI DELLA SOCIETÀ TOSCANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI MEMORIE • SERIE B • VOLUME CXXIV • ANNO 2017

Edizioni ETS

Con il contributo del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Pisa

e della Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca

INDICE - CONTENTS

N.E. Baldaccini – Antonio Valli ovvero “date a Cesa- Ferruzzi, T. Fiaschi, B. Foggi, D. Fontana, G. re ciò che è di Cesare”. Galasso, L. Gallo, D. Galvani, G. Gestri, A. Antonio Valli or “render to Caesar the things that are Grazzini, L. Lastrucci, L. Lazzaro, S. Loppi, G. Caesar’s”. pag. 5 Manganelli, M. Mugnai, S. Piazzini, B. Pierini, F. Roma-Marzio, A. Sani, F. Selvi, A. Soldano, A. G. Bonari, C. Angiolini, P. Castagnini, I. Bonini Stinca, G. Bedini – Contributi per una flora vasco- – The non-medicinal pl ant s of a hist orical t us- lare di Toscana. IX (507-605). can herbarium: the “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Contributions for a vascular flora of Tuscany. IX (507- Quirico d’Orcia”. 605). » 73 Le piante non medicinali di un erbario storico toscano: l’“Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia”. » 9 F. Roma-Marzio, A. Carta, L. Peruzzi, G. Bedini – Heterotopy remastered with a quantitative tool: T. Campedelli, G. Londi, S. Cutini, G. Tellini the case study of European beech (Fagus sylvatica Florenzano, D. Scaravelli – La presenza del gat- L. subsp. sylvatica) in peninsular Italy and Sicily. to selvatico Felis silvestris silvestris nel massiccio del Eterotopia rivisitata tramite analisi quantitative: il caso Pratomagno (Toscana orientale). studio del faggio (Fagus sylvatica L. subsp. sylvatica) in The occurrence of Wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris in Italia peninsulare e Sicilia. » 87 the Pratomagno massif (Eastern Tuscany). » 25 F. Selvi – Biarum tenuifolium (Araceae), a new record G. Innocenti, R. Manzoni – Collections of the for the flora of Tuscany. Natural History Museum Zoological Section “La Biarum tenuifolium (Araceae), nuova entità per la flora Specola” of the University of Florence. XXXII. della Toscana. » 95 Crustacea, Classe Malacostraca, Ordine Decapoda. Superfamiglie Gecarcinucoidea, Goneplacoidea, A. Stinca, R. Motti – Alien invasions in As- Hexapodoidea, Leucosioidea, Majoidea, Orithyioidea, troni crater, a decades-long unmanaged forest in Palicoidea, Parthenopoidea, Pilumnoidea. southern Italy. Cataloghi del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Invasioni di piante aliene nel cratere degli Astroni, una Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”. XXXII. Crus- foresta del sud Italia non gestita da molti decenni. » 101 tacea, Classe Malacostraca, Ordine Decapoda. Superfa- miglie Gecarcinucoidea, Goneplacoidea, Hexapodoidea, M. Tuti, R. Gambogi, A. Galardini – Quattro sta- Leucosioidea, Majoidea, Orithyioidea, Palicoidea, Par- gioni di monitoraggio della beccaccia (Scolopax rustico- thenopoidea, Pilumnoidea. » 29 la) nella Tenuta di San Rossore (PI). The Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) a San S. Maccioni – I manoscritti del Museo Botanico pi- Rossore Estate (Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli sano. “Flora economica della provincia pisana II” di Regional Park, Tuscany, Italy): a four years study. » 109 Vincenzo Carmignani (1779-1859). The manuscripts of Botanic Museum of Pisa. “Flora Eco- nomica della Provincia Pisana II” by Vincenzo Carmig- M. Zapparoli – I Chilopodi della Riserva Naturale nani (1779-1859). » 49 Isola di Montecristo (Parco Nazionale dell’Arcipelago Toscano, Mare Tirreno): check-list commentata delle G. Spampinato, R. Crisarà, S. Cannavò, C.M. specie (Chilopoda). Musarella – I fitotoponimi della Calabria meridio- The centipedes of the Montecristo Island Nature Re- nale: uno strumento per l’analisi del paesaggio e delle serve (Tuscan Archipelago National Park, Tyrrhenian sue trasformazioni. Sea): commented check-list of the species (Chilopoda). » 121 Phytotoponims of southern Calabria: a tool for the anal- ysis of the landscape and its transformations. » 61 PROCESSI VERBALI L. Peruzzi, D. Viciani, C. Angiolini, G. Astuti, E. Pubblicati negli Atti Serie A Banfi, A. Benocci, G. Bonari, G. Bruni, P. Cara- e nel sito http://www.stsn.it mante, M. Caré, A. Carta, P. Castagnini, A. Cheli, Published in the Atti Serie A F. Ciampolini, M. D’Antraccoli, G. Ferretti, S. and on the internet site http://www.stsn.it

Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie B, 123 (2016) pagg. 9-24, fig. 3; doi: 10.2424/ASTSN.M.2017.02

Gianmaria Bonari 1, Claudia Angiolini 1, Paolo Castagnini 1, Ilaria Bonini 1

THE NON-MEDICINAL OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA”

Abstract - The non-medicinal plants of a historical tuscan herbarium: the che di scambi di materiale avvenuti con persone di altre località, anche “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia”. A historical herbarium estere. Lo studio dei campioni vegetali ha rivelato che la collezione è compiled by the Capuchin friars of San Quirico d’Orcia (Siena), dat- stata creata in un arco temporale più ampio rispetto a quanto ritenuto ing to the second half of the 18th century, was accurately investigated sino ad ora. Infatti, la data di creazione dell’erbario è probabilmente for the first time. The whole collection is composed of 579 sheets with da anticipare rispetto a quanto indicato da autori precedenti, grazie 348 plants enclosed in 5 boxes. The collection is divided into two main alla data riportata su un campione (1569), così come la data di presunta sections: “medicinal plants” and “non-medicinal plants”. In this study, fine è da posticipare perlomeno fino al 1772. Questo studio sottolinea we focused on the latter section. The goals were to evaluate the conser- la diversità di informazioni che si possono ottenere da un erbario sto- vation status of each specimen, analyse them as historical-documental rico e conferma il ruolo centrale che la botanica Toscana ha avuto in source, get information on past investigative methods and compile a passato quando essa era molto diffusa anche al di fuori delle accade- list of the specimens. In total, 168 specimens belonging to 44 families, mie, proprio come avviene oggi. 134 genera and 157 species were revised. The richest families in terms Flora, campioni d’erbario, exsiccata, Italia, piante va- of species were Fabaceae (14.4%), (13.1%) and Asteraceae Parole chiave - scolari, Toscana (9.0%). About 50% of the specimens are in good conservation status. Since the results of this study show species from various areas, the purpose of this herbarium was probably not solely for the study of the local flora, but also for other purposes (e.g. economic, alimentary and Introduction documentary). Moreover, given the variety of the collection it can be assumed that plants were not only collected but that exchanges also The Herbarium Universitatis Senensis, acronym occurred with other people from other localities, also abroad. The study of the specimens increases the collection life span, by antici- SIENA (acronym according to Thiers, 2014), owned pating the period of the supposed establishment of the collection to by the Botanical Museum of the University of Siena, 1569, due to a date reported in a label, and extending its conclusion holds ancient herbaria and other old plant and fungi to at least until 1772. This study highlights that much information can collections, which have been the object of numerous be obtained from historical herbaria and it confirms the crucial role contributions (Nannizzi, 1928a; 1928b; 1928c; Chi- of botany in Tuscany in the past. Furthermore, it shows that botany arucci & Loppi, 1990; Bonini, 1993; Mariotti & Chi- extended beyond Universities, as it does today. arucci, 1993; Chiarucci & Mariotti, 1994; Perini, 1994; Key words - Flora, exsiccata, Italy, specimen, Tuscany, Barluzzi et al., 1998; Bonini, 2006; Bonini et al., 2008; 2010). Moreover, data kept in SIENA has been used as the basis for floristic and general biodiversity studies Riassunto - Le piante non medicinali di un erbario storico toscano: l’“Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia”. È stata accuratamen- (Bonini et al., 2013; Geri et al., 2013; Amici et al., 2014; te studiata per la prima volta una raccolta di exsiccata datata alla secon- Bonari et al., 2016; Roma-Marzio et al., 2016). The her- da metà del 1700 nel convento dei Cappuccini di S. Quirico d’Orcia barium of Siena was founded by Giovanni Campani (Siena). In totale sono presenti 579 fogli con 348 campioni vegetali in 1856 (Bonini, 2006). He prepared a collection of racchiusi in 5 volumi. La raccolta è suddivisa in due sezioni principali: specimens called “Erbario di Piante Senesi”, later in- “Piante officinali” e “Piante non officinali”. Quest’ultima è l’oggetto del presente studio che ha avuto lo scopo di valutare lo stato di conser- creased with other specimens from Tuscany. After- vazione di ogni campione, analizzare i campioni d’erbario come fonte wards, it was reordered, integrated, and organized storico/documentale, avere informazioni sulle metodologie d’indagine into two sections: the “general collection” and the utilizzate nei secoli passati e redigere un elenco delle specie. I campio- “historical collection”. The latter consists of Mycotheca ni vegetali rivisti sono 168, suddivisi in 44 famiglie, 134 generi e 157 Universalis and four old herbaria which were donated specie. Le famiglie con il maggior numero di specie sono Fabaceae or purchased by the University of Siena. Two of them (14,4%), Lamiaceae (13,1%) e Asteraceae (9,0%). Il 50% circa dei cam- pioni sono in buono stato di conservazione. I risultati mostrano inoltre belonged to two botanists, Vincenzo Felici (labelled la presenza di specie provenienti da luoghi diversi, evidenziando che “Erbario/Bottani/co di Siena/ 1803/ Vinc./ Felici”) and la tipologia dell’erbario indagato non era sicuramente rivolta all’analisi Lorenzo Panducci (this herbarium dates back to about di una flora locale, ma frutto di vari interessi (economico, alimentare e 1770, although it probably continued until 1785-1790; documentale) e probabilmente risultato di raccolte personali, ma an- Mariotti & Chiarucci, 1993). The other two herbaria

1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 10 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI are anonymous: the “Erbario anonimo senese” and the the worst preserved, it was not considered for this re- “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia”, both search, although it deserves further study. dated to 18th century (Mariotti & Chiarucci, 1993; In the four boxes, all the specimens have a label Bonini et al., 2015). Given the importance of histori- (Fig. 1), usually at the base of the exsiccatum with a cal herbaria for the study of biodiversity, this research short diagnostic phrase name or polynomial (Nomen focused on the contents of the “Erbario dei Cappuccini Specificum Legitimum, N. S. L.), where the citation di San Quirico d’Orcia” recently restorated. The goals of botanical text known at the time is condensed. were: i) to evaluate the conservation status of each In most cases, the abbreviation N. T. (Nomen Trivi- specimens; ii) to analyse specimens through a detailed ale) is also reported. This epithet usually referred to study, as a historical-documental source, interpreting descriptive characters, although it may also refer to and transcribing all label information; iii) to provide other types of information, like habitat, geography, information on the investigative methods, botanical collector, etc. (Jarvis, 2007). In this study, we con- knowledge and common practices of previous centu- sider only the folders without the “plant properties ries; iv) to compile a list of the preserved plants. label”, an extra label with alleged plant properties, applied by friars in those folders containing plants considered medicinal. Materials and methods The studied herbarium Data analysis The anonymous “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico To compile the list of specimens, vascular plants were d’Orcia” was probably set up in the cloister of the mon- studied by means of main European (Tutin et al., astery of the Cappuchin monks. During the Italian 1964-80, 1993; Aeschimann et al., 2004; Castroviejo unification (1815-1871) the cloister was confiscated and et al., 1984-2005) and Italian Flora (Pignatti, 1982) sold to the Filugelli family, one of the most important and, when possible, by means of systematic revision landowner family in the area of Val d’Orcia. Then, it and through monographs. The list is primarily ar- passed by inheritance to Paolo Simonelli, a member ranged by consecutive order of boxes (n° 1, 2, 4 and of the aforementioned Filugelli family, who kindly 5), then by the folder number (i.e. how the specimens donated the collection in 1987 to the Department of are stored in the boxes). If present in the label, N. T. Life Sciences of the University of Siena (Mariotti & and pre-Linnean names N. S. L. were also reported. Chiarucci, 1993; Bonini, 2006; Bonini et al., 2015). The The list arose from handwriting interpretation and by whole collection is composed of 579 sheets with 348 means of a rigorous transcription. In case of illegible plants, given that some sheets were devoid of specimens. label or missing information, the specific symbols, [...] This herbarium is composed of five volumes, four of or [m] respectively, were reported. Updated scientific which are boxes (without binding) and one is arranged names of the species (Conti et al., 2005; 2007 or more in a hardcover. Each box contains a packet of exsiccata, recent works) and relative family (Peruzzi, 2010) were in which plant specimens are glued, on a single face or reported based on our identification. The number of occasionally on both. The boxes report a label written plant individuals and present parts (roots, leaves, flow- on the spine of the book reading “medicinal plants” on ers and fruits), as well as life forms and chorological two boxes and “non-medicinal plants” the other two types (Pignatti, 1982), were indicated for each speci- boxes. The fifth box (i.e. a cardboard bound marked men. For each specimen we also assessed its conserva- ‘n° 3’), has a completly different structure and layout. tion status – the degree of the sample’s physical integ- Considering that this box looks more like a diary full rity – using three classes: good (i.e. all specimen parts of notes rather than a formal collection, and it is also are well-preserved), medium (i.e. most specimen parts are well-preserved) and poor (i.e. few specimen parts are well-preserved). To facilitate the consultation, a general index, report- ing all the scientific names in alphabetical order, was provided, with references to the box (Appendix A).

List structure The informations about the specimens are reported in the results by following the template below:

Figure 1. Example of label reporting the statement: Orobanche ramosa Updated scientific name (family) – life form – choro- floribus ceruleis C. B. Pin. 88 N. T. Orobanche ramosa (to date Pheli- logical type panche ramosa (L.) Pomel). N. T. – N. S. L. – reference/s THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 11

(box number) (folder number) – specimen parts* – Medicago Orbicularis. − Medica orbiculata − I. B. conservation status 2.384 (1) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves and fruits and 1 *This information should be interpreted as follow: with leaves – Good a) “1 individual, leaves and fruit”. It is meant that the sample is composed of three separated elements: a Emerus major Mill. (Fabaceae) − NP − Central Europ. complete individual, leaves and fruits. Coronilla Emerus. − Emerus Cesalpinus […] Coro- b) “1 individual with leaves and fruit”. It is meant that nilla fruticosa, pedunculis subtrifloris − [m] the sample is made up of an individual with leaves and (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium fruits. Stachys sp. (Lamiaceae) [m] = missing information. [m] − Salvia montana major calice florum purpures- […] = illegible. cente − C. B. Pin 237. (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Poor Results and Discussion Geranium robertianum L. (Geraniaceae) − T Scap/H Species list bien − Subcosmop. Geranium Cicutarius − Geranium cicute folis minus, (L.) Clairv. (Caryophyllaceae) − H scap Silene dioica et supinus. − C. B. Pin. 319 − Paleotemp. (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and fruits – Medium Lychnis dioica − Lychnis sylvestris alba simplex. − C. B. Pin. 240 L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap − Oroph. S (1) (-) − 1 individual, leaves and flowers – Medium Stachys alpina Europ. Stachÿs alpina − Galeopsis alpina Betonice folio flore L. (Asteraceae) − H scap – Eurosib. Achillea ptarmica variegato − I. R. H. 185 Ptarnica stenutamentaris − Ptarnica vulgaris folis (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good longo, flore albo. − I. B. 3. 147 − Dracunculus pratensis serrato folio − [m] L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap − Circum- (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Stachys palustris bor. Stachÿs palustris − Galeopsis palustris Betonicae folio, L. (Lamiaceae) − T scap − Moluccella spinosa flore variegato − I. R. H. 185 Stenomedit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor melissa costantinopolitana − Molucca fruticosa Sicula Molucella Melissa fruticosa, sicula calyce angolo pat- sp. (Liliaceae) ulo. − Rais: […] 368 Lilium Lilius bulbiferus − Lilius purpur […] croceum minus (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium − C. B. Pin. […] (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flower – Poor Hesperis matronalis L. (Brassicaceae) − H scap − Pon- tic L. (Apiaceae) − H scap − Pa- Hesperis − Hesperis hortensis flore purpureo. − C. B. Heracleum sphondylium leotemp. Pin. 202 − viola hÿemalis purpurea Tabern. − Iecon. Heracleum alpinum − Sphondÿlium alpinum glabrum 308 − C. B. Pin: 157 (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Poor (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium L. (Ranunculaceae) − H scap − Thalictrum lucidum Medik. (Fabaceae) − P caesp SE Europ. Laburnum anagyroides − S Europ. Thalictrum flavum − Thalictrum majus Siliqua Semi- Cytisus laburnus − Cytisus alpinus latifolius, flore rac- nis Striata foliis rugosis [...] − Oxon: 70 emoso pendulo. − I. R. H: 648. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium (1) (-) – 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium cfr. L. (Oleaceae) − H scap − SE Eu- Phillyrea latifolia campanulatum L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap − rop. W Stenomedit. [m] − Soraglia Trifolia − [m] [m] − [m] − [m] (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Medium (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor

Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. (Fabaceae) − T scap − Scandix pecten-veneris L. (Apiaceae) − T scap − Sub- Eurimedit. cosmop. 12 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI

Scandix Pecten Veneris − Scandix semine rostrato Eurimedit. vulgaris − C. B. Pin: 151 Hedÿsarum Onobrÿchis. − Onobrychis foliis vice (1) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves – Poor fructu echinato major floribus elegant […] − C. B. Pin: 39 – […] rubentibus Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray (Fabaceae) − T scap − Subcos- (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good mop. Vicia peregrina − Vicia angustifolia purpureo viola- Teucrium hircanicum L. (Lamiaceae) − H caesp − W cea, siliqua lata glabra. − Bot. Monsp. Asiat. (1) (-) − 5 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good [m] − Teucrum foliis crenatis petiolatis specis oblongis densissimis ex Hircania […] − Com. 1752 Astragalus hamosus L. (Fabaceae) − T scap − Medit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Turan. [m] − Hedysarum Triticus, folis singulari acuminato Potentilla rupestris L. (Rosaceae) − H scap − Circum- Onobrychis […] monophylios filiculis singualaribus bor. […] falcatum […] intermedia […] − [m] Potentilla Anserina − Agrimonia odorata Eupatorium (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – odoratum. − C. B. Pin 321. Medium (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Medium

Echinops ritro L. (Asteraceae) − H scap − Stenomedit. Geranium dissectum L. (Geraniaceae) − T scap − Cos- [m] − Echinopus major flore candido staminibus in mop. medio ceruleis − I. R. H. 463. Geranim disectum − Geranium columbinus maxi- (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good mus folis disectis […] − Hist. Nat. Oxon. − Geranium columbinus majus folis […] ad pediculatum […] − Colutea arborescens L. (Fabaceae) − P caesp − Euri- Hist. Oxon. Part. Secon. 511. medit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – [m] − Colutea vesicaria − C. B. Pin: 396. Good (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruit – Good Pelargonium sp. (Geraniaceae) [m] − Geranium Officinarum arborescens malva folio Geranium columbinum L. (Geraniaceae) − T scap − plano et lucido flore elegantissimo – […]: 262 Cosmop. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Geranium Columbinum − Geranium Columbinum Good dissectis folis pediculis florum longissumus. − Raÿ: HiH. 1059 Euphorbia amygdaloides L. (Euphorbiaceae) − Ch (1) (-) – 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium suffr − Europ. Caucas. Euphorbia major acuta − Tithymalis […] major foliis Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. (Geraniaceae) − T ottusis. − C. B. Pin. 291 scap/H bienn − Eurimedit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor Geranium moscatum − Geranium cicute folio mosca- tum − C. B. Pin: 319. Euphorbia cyparissias L. (Euphorbiaceae) − H scap − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Europ. Good Euphorbia officinalis − Tithymalis Cÿparissias − C. B. Pin 295. – Tithymalis cupressinus sive […] Off. − [m] Eupatorium cannabinum L. (Asteraceae) − H scap − Paleotemp. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor Saponaria − Lÿchnis silvestris, fine aquatica, purpurea, simplex. − C. B. Pin: 204 Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae) − T scap − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Cosmop. Good Euphorbia alepica − Tithÿmalis […] Ciparisias − C. B. Pin 295 Teucrium flavum L. (Lamiaceae) − Ch suffr − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Stenomedit. Good [m] − Teucrium Supinum annuum, Lusitanicum, foliis lancinatis − [m] Vicia narbonensis L. (Fabaceae) − T scap − Eurimedit. (1) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good Aphaca − Faba silvestris flore ex purpura nigrescente − C. B. Pin. 338 Astragalus monspessulanus L. (Fabaceae) − H ros − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Good THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 13

Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. (Primu- [m] − Psoralia bituminosa − [m] laceae) − T rept − Cosmopol. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium Anagallis Arvensis − Anagallis cerulleo flore − C. B. Pin. 252. Ferula communis L. (Apiaceae) − H scap − Eurimedit. (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves, flowers and fruits – Ferula Ferulago − Ferula femina Plini. − C. B. Pin: Good 148. − Ferula folisfeniculi femine latiori et rotundioris − I. B. 3 […] 2.43 Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (Caryophylla- (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor ceae) − T scap − W Asiat. Saponaria Pentagona − Lÿchnis Segetum rubra foliis Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. (Caryophyllaceae) − H Perfoliate − C. B. Pin. 204. − Vaccaria − [m] scap − Medit. Turan. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Lÿchnis Coronaria − Lÿchnis hirsuta flore incarnato major − C. B. Pin: 203. − Flos costantinopolitanus − [m] Oenothera biennis L. (Onagraceae) − H bien − Sub- cosmop. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium [m] − Penotera biennis − Lin: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Primulaceae) − H scap − Eu- (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium roasiat. Lysimachia vulgaris − Lysimachia lutea major, que Stenotaphrum sp. (Poaceae) Dioscoridis foliis ternis, et quaternis − C. B. Pin: 245 [m] − Gramen arundinaceum articulatum − [m] (1) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves and flowers and 1 (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaf, flowers and fruits – with leaves – Poor Good Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) − H scap − Subcos- Antirrhinum majus L. (Plantaginaceae) − Ch suffr − mop. W Stenomedit. [m] – [...] bononiense − [m] Of. Leonis − Antirrhinum angusti folium majus pere- (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- grinum ruberrimo flore − I. R. Part: dium (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae) − H scap − Circumbor. Iris graminea L. (Iridaceae) − G rhiz − SE Europ. Reseda luteola − Luteola Herba Salicis foglio − C. B. [m] − Iris angustifolia versicolor. − C. B. Pin. 33. Pin 100 (1) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- dium Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. (Fabaceae) − G rhiz − Eu- roasiat. Lycium cfr. intricatum Boiss. (Solanaceae) − NP − S Orobus vernus − Orobus Sylvaticus, purpureus ver- Stenomedit. nus. − C. B. Pin. 351 − Orobus foliis pinnatis ovatis [m] − Jasminum Jorides − [m] stipulis semi-sagittatis integerrimus caule simplici. − (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Poor lin. Spec. Plant. 1028. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Anthyllis barba-jovis L. (Fabaceae) − P caesp − W Good Stenomedit. Barba Jovis. − Barba jovis pulchre lucens − I. B. 1.385. Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) − H bien − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Medit. Turan. Cataputia. − Tithymalus latifolius Cataputia dictus. − Styrax officinalis L. (Styracaceae) − P caesp − NW H: L: B […] t: − Latiris major − B. Pin: 293 Meditit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Good Styrax − Styrax folio mali cotonei − C. B. Pin: 451 − Stirax arbor […] − 1.3.34 Silene italica (L.) Pers. (Caryophyllaceae) − H ros − (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruit – Eurimedit. Good Silenes Conica − Lychnis silvestris angusti folia calÿci- bus turgitis striates − C. B. Pin: 205 Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. (Primu- (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good laceae) − T rept − Cosmopol. Anagallis Arvensis − Anagallis phericeo flora − C. B. Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. (Fabaceae) − Pin. 252. H scap − Eurimedit. (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good 14 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI

Cerinthe major L. (Boraginaceae) − T scap − Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F.W. Schmidt (Asterace- Stenomedit. ae) − H scap − W Eurimedit. Cerinthe minor − Cerinthe quorundam minor flavo Tragopogon Dalecampii − Hieracium magrum dale- flore − I. B. 3.603. campii lugl 1569 − [m] (1) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves, flowers and fruits – (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor Good Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) − T scap − Cosmop. Chaerophyllum cfr. temulum L. (Apiaceae) − T scap Senecio vulgaris − Senecio minor vulgaris. Senecio − Euroasiat. corollis nudis foliis pinnato- sinuatis ampleti caulibus [m] − Mÿrrhis perennis, alba, minor foliis hirsutis − [m] floribus sparsis − Lin: Spe. Plant, 1216 (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flower – Medium (2) (-) − 3 individuals, 2 with roots, leaves and fruits, 1with leaves and fruits – Medium Teucrium botrys L. (Lamiaceae) − T scap − Eurimedit. [m] − Ternica − [m] (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flower – Medium Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) − H bien − Subcos- mop. Teucrium botrys L. (Lamiaceae) − T scap − Eurimedit. [m] − 1.Sonchus lancinatus. 2.Sonchus non lancinatus. [m] − Teucrium supinum annum, lusitanicum, foliis − [m] lancinatis − [m] (2) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and fruits – Medium (1) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves – Good Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. (Brassicaceae) − H bi- Tordylium apulum L. (Apiaceae) − T scap − Stenomedit. en/H scap − SE Europ. [m] − Apio con follia di Pimpinella − [m] Turritis irsuta − Turritis minor − Bot monsp R.H. 223 (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium (2) (-) − 2 individuals, 1 with roots, leaves and flowers, 1 with leaves – Medium Tordylium maximum L. (Apiaceae) − T scap − Stenomedit. Lunaria annua L. (Brassicaceae) − H scap − SE Europ. Pimpinella Saxifraga major − Tragoselinum majus um- Lunaria − Lunaria Hesperis Hispanica foliis incisis bella candida. − I. R. H. 309 Syliqua lunata − [m] (1) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Good Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. (Apiaceae) − T scap − Subcosmop. Tordÿlium. − Tordilium minus limbo granulato cum Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae) − Ch maxime semine. − [m] suffr − Medit. Turan. (1) (-) – 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Poor [m] − Lunaria − [m] (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae) − T scap − Asiat. Good [m] − Oryza, Riso – M […] (2) (-) −2 individuals; 1 with leaves and flowers and 1 Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae) − H scap − with leaf and flowers – Good NE Medit. [m] − Vera Lunaria offic. − [m] Delphinium ajacis L. (Ranunculaceae) − T scap − Eu- (2) (-) – 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – rimedit. Good Delphinium consolida − Delphinium segetum flore ceruleo, et roseo − I. R. H. 426 Tragopogon porrifolius L. (Asteraceae) − H bien − Eu- (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good rimedit. Tragopogon − Tragopogon porrifolio, flore nigro pur- Opiz (Rubiaceae) − H scap − Euroa- Cruciata laevipes pureo − C. B. P. 274 siat. (2) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves, flowers and fruits – Vallantia Cruciata − Cruciata irsuta – C.B.Pin.335 Medium (2) (-) −4 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good

Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt (Asterace- Anemone apennina L. (Ranunculaceae) − G rhiz − S ae) − T scap − Stenomedit. Europ. Crepis Setosus − Hieracius chondrille folia glabrus – Anemone nemorosa − Ranunculus Phragmites albus C.B.Pin 127 et purpureus vernus − J. B. 3412 (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium (2) (-) − 4 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 15

Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae) − P caesp − Equisetum telmateja Ehrh. (Equisetaceae) − G rhiz − Stenomedit. Circumbor. Olleandrus flore rosea − Nerion floribus rubescenti- Equisetum arvense − Equisetum arvense longioribus bus – C. B. Pin. 464 − Nerion fiore Rhododendron setis − C. B. Pin 16 flore rubro − [m] (2) (-) − 3 individuals; 1with leaves and 2 with leaves (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good and fruits – Good

Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae) − NP − Subtrop. Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) − H rept − Cosmop. Capparis Spinosa − Capparis non spinosa fructu ma- Fragaria silvestris − Fragaria Vulgaris − C. B. Pin 326 jore − C. B. Pin. 480 (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Good Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae) − Ch rept − Europ. Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) − Ch suffr − Caucas. Stenomedit. Vinca minor − Pervinca Vulgaris angustifollia flore Teucrium Polium − Polium montanus supinum album cerulleo − I. R. h. 119 − C. B. Pin. 221 (2) (-) − 5 individuals; 3 with leaves and flowers amd 2 (2) (-) − 2 individuals with roots, leaves and flowers – with leaves – Good Good Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Asparagaceae) Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) − T scap − un- − G rhiz − Circumbor. known origin Convallaria Polygonatus sigilion Salomonis − Polygo- Carthamus tinctorius − Carthamus off. flore croceo, natum latifolium vulgare − C. B. Pin. 303 carthamus, […] cnicus vulgaris – I. B. 319 (2) (-) − 2 individuals with root and leaves – Good (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Poor Bellis sylvestris Cirillo (Asteraceae) − H ros − Bistorta officinalis Delarbre (Polygonaceae) − G rhiz Stenomedit. − Circumbor. Bellis Perrenis Leucanthemum − Bellis Silvestris mi- Polÿgonum Bistorta − Bistorta Alpina maxima − C. B. nor − C. B. Pin 269 Pin 192 (2) (-) − 1 individual with roots, leaves and flowers – (2) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves and flowers – Medium Good

Staphisagria macrosperma Spach (Ranunculaceae) − T Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (Asparagaceae) − G scap − Stenomedit. bulb − Eurimedit. Delphinum Consolida − Delphinium platini folio, Ornithogalum Pyrenaicus − Ornithogalum angus- Sthaphyssagria pictum – I. R H 428 tifollius majus floribus ex alto Ceressentibus − C. B. (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers, leaf – Pin. 10 Good (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good

Adonis aestivalis L. (Ranunculaceae) − T scap − Eur- Lonicera caprifolium L. (Caprifoliaceae) − P lian − S asiat. Europ. S Siber. Adonis aestivalis − Ranunculus arvensis, foliis cha- Lonicera Caprifolius − Caprifolium Italicus − Bot. memeli, flore pheniceo − I. R. H: 291. − melanthico Pent. 411 − Periglimeneo matris selva vinci bosco − silvestre, […]: Nigella arvensis − C. B. Pin. 145. [m] (2) (-) − 3 individuals; 1with leaves and flowers, 1 with (2) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good leaves, flowers and fruits, 1with leaves and fruits – Good Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T. Moore ex Woyn. (Dryopteridaceae) − G rhiz − Circumbor. Cyperus longus L. (Cyperaceae) − G rhiz − Paleotemp. Cyperus longus odoratior − Cyperus odoratus radice Polypodium Filix mas − Filix non ramosa dentata − C. longa fine Cyperus offic – C: B: 14 B. Pin: 358. (2) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with roots, leaves and flowers, (2) (-) − 3 individuals; 2 with frond and spores and 1 1 with leaves and flowers– Good with rizome and frond – Good

Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel (Orobanchaceae) − T Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae) − par − Paleosubtrop. G rhiz − Cosmop. Orobanche ramosa − Orobanche ramosa floribus Pteris Aquilina − Filix ramosa major […] non dentatis ceruleis − C. B. Pin. 88 − C. B. Pin 351 − Filix femina − [m] (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good (2) (-) − 1 individual with frond – Good 16 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI

Digitalis lutea L. (Plantaginaceae) − H scap − W Eu- Hepatica nobilis Schreb. (Ranunculaceae) − G rhiz − rop. Circumbor. Digitalis lutea − Digitalis major lutea, […] pallida Trinitas − Ranunculus tridentatus vernus, flore sim- parvo flora − C. B. Pin. 244 plicis ceruleo. Trifolium Hepaticum flore simplici (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good ceruleo. − C. B. Pin. 330. − Trifolium Hepaticus fine Trinitatis herba, flore ceruleo. − I. B. 2.389 Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (Asteraceae) − T scap − (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Eurosiber. Good Senecio Saraciniceus − Virga aurea angusti folia minus serrata flore alto − C. B. Pin: 268 Polygala vulgaris L. (Polygalaceae) − H scap − Eur- (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good asiat. Polygala vulgaris − Polygala vulgaris lutea. − I. B. 388. Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae) − H scap − N (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good American [m] − Virga aurea − [m] Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. (Brassicaceae) − T scap (2) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good − Europ. Caucas. Thlaspi campestre − Thlaspi Vulgaris − I. B. 2. 921 Achillea ageratum L. (Asteraceae) − H scap − W (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Good Stenomedit. Achillea ageratum − Ptarmica lutea suaveolens − I. Thlaspi perfoliatum L. (Brassicaceae) − T scap − Pa- R. H: 497. − ageratum foliis serratis, Eupatorium […] leotemp. Herba Julia Balsamina minor – [m] Thlaspi perfoliatus − Thlaspi perfoliatus minus − C. (2) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good B. Pin. 106 (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Good Sanicula europaea L. (Apiaceae) − H scap − Paleo- temp. Asplenium trichomanes L. (Aspleniaceae) − H ros − Sanicula Heuropea − Sanicula Officinarum − C. B. Cosmop. Pin: 319 Asplenius Trichomanes − Trichomanes, fine Politri- (2) (-) − 1 individual with roots leaves and flowers – cum Off. − C. B. Pin. 356 Good (2) (-) − 1 individual with rhizomes, fronds and spores– Good Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) − H scap − Medit. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. (Aspleniaceae) − H melissa Nepeta − Calamintha Vulgaris odora fine Ne- ros − Subtrop. peta. − C. B. Pin. 228 Asplenius Adiantus nigrus − Filicula que adiantum ni- (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good grus officinarum Pinnelis alba fioribus − I. R. H. 542. − Driopteri, o Felce di Quercia, − matthioli 1357. Atriplex sagittata Borkh. (Amaranthaceae) − T scap − (2) (-) − 1 individual with fronds – Good Eurasiat. [m] − Atriplex hortensis alta fine Palida virens. − C. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Asteraceae) − Ch suffr − B. Pin: 119 Sarmatic Siber. (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits, [m] − Abrotonum lini folia acriori, et odorata, Dracun- and leaf – Good culus hortensis − C. B. Pin: 98. – draco […] herta − [m] (2) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Ama- dium ranthaceae) − T scap − Circumbor. [m] − Atriplex hortensis Rubra − C. B. Pin. 119 Genista tinctoria L. (Fabaceae) − Ch suffr − Eurasiat. (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits, Genista tinctoria − Genista tinctoria Germanica − C. and leaf – Medium B. Pin: 395 (4) (67) − 4 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good Filipendula vulgaris Moench (Rosaceae) − H scap − Eurasiat. Emerus major Mill. (Fabaceae) − NP − Central Europ. Spiraea Filipendula − Filipendula vulgaris an molon [m] − Genista Emerus. − [m] Plinii − C. B. Pin. 163 (4) (68) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Me- (2) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium dium THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 17

Cytisophyllum sessilifolium (L.) O.Lang (Fabaceae) − Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst. (Borag- P caesp − Stenomedit. inaceae) − H scap − S Europ. Genista Sagittalis − Genistella herbacea […] chame- Lithospermum purpureus ceruleum − Lithospermum spartium − I. B. 1.397 minus repens latifolium − C. B. Pin 258 (4) (69) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good (4) (109) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- dium Genista germanica L. (Fabaceae) − Ch suffr − Europ. Genista Sagittalis − Genista Spartium minus German- Cardamine hirsuta L. (Brassicaceae) − T scap − Cos- icum − I. R. H. 645. − Genista Spinis compositis foliis mop. lanceolatis − Lin. […] 998. Cardamina Hirsuta − Cardamine Luarta Dalechampii (4) (70) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- – […]: 659 dium (5) (-) − 1 individual with roots, leaves and fruits – Me- dium Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae) − P caesp − Eu- rop. Stachys germanica L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap − Euri- Spartium Scoparium − Cytiso […] Scoparia vulgaris medit. flore Luteo − I. R. H. 649 − Genista angulosa, et Sco- Stachÿs Germanica − Stachys major Germanica − C. paria − C. B. Pin. 395. B: Pin: 230 (4) (71) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Me- (5) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good dium Fritllaria persica L. (Liliaceae) − G bulb − W Asiat. Geranium robertianum L. (Geraniaceae) − T Scap/H [m] − Fritillaria minima pluribus follis − [m] bien − Subcosmop. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium Geranius Robertianus − Geranium Robertianum et erba Roberti Officin: Geranius Robertianus murale. − Asclepias syriaca L. (Apocynaceae) − G rhiz − Anfi I. B. 3.480. − Geranium pedunculis […] partitis Lobis Atlantic. pinnatis […] − Lin: H: […] 201. Asclepias Apocinus − Apocinum erectum incanus lat- (4) (72) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Me- ifolium americanum floribus ex incarnato […] viola- dium ceis, apocineo erectum, flore concavo − Breyn Prod. […] Glycyrrhiza echinata L. (Fabaceae) − G rhiz − S Eu- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor rop. S Siber. Glycyrrhiza vera Dioscoridis − Glycyrrhiza capite ech- Syringa vulgaris L. (Oleaceae) − P caesp − SE Europ. inato − C. B. Pin. 352. − Glycyrrhiza Dioscoridis echi- Lilac matthioli − Syringa Cerulea − C. B. Pin. 398. nato non repens. − [m] (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium (4) (74) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Medium L. (Iridaceae) − G rhiz − Eurimedit. Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae) − G Iris foetidissima bulb − Paleotemp. [m] − Xiphion Americanum, flore è luteo negricante. [m] − Helleborus Aalbus, veratrus [...] − I. R. H. 273. − Plum. − Helleborus albus flore sublividi − C. B. Pinax 186. (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- − veratrus caule ramoso − Lin: Reg. Veget. […] 471. dium (4) (87) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves and flowers and 1 with leaves and fruits – Good Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (Fabaceae) − H scap − Medit. Mont. Onobrÿchis Hedÿsarus − Onobrychis foliis vicie Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch (Orchidaceae) − G rhiz − Eurasiat. fructu echinato major floribus elegante rubentibus. − Serapias longifolia. − Helleborine flore albo, […] da- C. B. Pin. 356 masonium montanum latifolium. − C. B. Pin 181 (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- (4) (88) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- dium dium Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi (Oleaceae) − P Iris foetidissima L. (Iridaceae) − G rhiz − Eurimedit. caesp − E Mediterranea Iris fetidissima − Iris fetidissima […] xÿrÿs − I. R. H. Jasminus luteus – Jasminus […] Gelsominus luteum. 360 − I. B. 2.10. (4) (93) − 1 individual with roots and leaves – Poor (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium 18 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI

Philadelphus cfr. coronarius L. (Hydrangeaceae) − NP Dianthus carthusianorum L. (Caryophyllaceae) − H – Subendem. scap – Centr. SE Europ. [m] − Jasminum laurifolio odoratissimo flore albo. − Leucojum. − Leucojum angustifolium alpinus flore Plum. sulphureo. − I. R.: Pa […] (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Medium

Campanula medium L. (Campanulaceae) − H bien – Stachys sylvatica L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – Eurosiber. NW Medit. Stachys = major − Phlomis fruticosa lusitanica flore [m] − Campanula hortensis folio et flora oblongo purpureus […] follis acutioribus. […] folio flore rubro ceruleo − C. B. Pin. […] 4. […] − [m] (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor dium Cassia sp. (Fabaceae) [m] − Cassia Americana, foliis subrotundis, Cassia, et Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix (Campanu- […] Occidentalis. − [m] laceae) − T scap – Eurimedit. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium Campanula speculum veneris. – […] Campanula ar- vensis erecta − H. L. […] Dracunculus vulgaris Schott (Araceae) − G rhiz – (5) (-) − 2 individuals; 1with roots, leaves and flowers Stenomedit. and 1 leaves and flowers – Medium [m] − Arisarum flore internum caudam […] et serpent […] − [m] Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) − P caesp – N Amer- (5) (-) − 1 individual with flowers, leaf – Good ican Amorphea Fruticosa − Barba Jovis lagopoides cretica Nigella arvensis L. (Ranunculaceae) − T scap – Euri- frutescens incana flore spicato purpureo amplo. e […] medit. cretica. − [m] [m] − Nigella Orientalis florescente alato plano – […] : 29 (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good L. (Ranunculaceae) − T scap – Eu- Arabis turrita L. (Brassicaceae) − H bienn/ H scap – Nigella damascena Stenomedit. rimedit. [m] − Lepidium Bononiense − [m] Melanthium − Nigella arvense cornuta flore pleno (5) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves and 1 with leaves subceruleo, et flore albo − [m] and flowers – Medium (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good cfr. L. (Amaranthaceae) − T scap – Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae) − H bienn – Asiatic Celosia argentea Isatis = Tinctoria − Isatis Sativa […] latifolia − C. B. Asia Tropic. Pin. 113 − Isatis Sine Florum Sativus. − [m] [m] − Amaranthus cristatus rubicundissimus flore, − (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good H. R. Pa […] (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Osyris alba L. (Santalaceae) − NP – Eurimedit. Osyris alba. − Casia Poetica monspeliensium, an − Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae) − T scap – Pan- Theophrasti, Lob: Icon: H33. − Osyris − Lin: Sp. Pl: trop. 1450. [m] − [m] − [m] (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good L. (Amaranthaceae) − T scap – Scutellaria columnae All. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – NE Amaranthus cruentus Medit. Neotropic. Scutellaria peregrina − Cassida cretica − col: […] 1.187 [m] − Amaranthus maximus panicula sparsa et longi (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good […] − H. R. Pa […] (5) (-) − 1 individual with roots, leaves and flowers – Good Athamanta macedonica (L.) Spreng. (Apiaceae) − H scap – SE Europ. Bubon Macedonicum − Apius Macedonicus − C. B. Persicaria maculosa Gray (Polygonaceae) − T scap – Pin. 154, − Apium […] Petroselinum macedonicum Subcosmop. […] − I. B. […] Polygonum Persicaria − Persicaria mitis non maculosa (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium − C. B. Pin 505 (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves – Poor THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 19

Trifolium incarnatum L. (Fabaceae) − H bien – Euri- Lamium amplexicaule L. (Lamiaceae) − T scap – Pa- medit. leotemp. [m] − Trifolium montanum spica longissima rubente − Lamius amplexicaulum − Lamium follio caulem […] C. B. Pin. 3 […] – C. B. Pin. 231 (5) (-) − 4 individuals with leaves and flowers – Medium (5) (-) − 3 individuals with roots, leaves and flowers – Good Lallemantia peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (Lamia- ceae) − T scap – Asia Temp. Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfl. (Fabaceae) [m] − Dracocephalon Peltatum. − [m] − T scap – Eurimedit. (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- Trigonella Corniculata − Melilotus Corniculatus re- dium flexis major – C: B: Pin: 331 (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves flowers and fruits – Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae) − G Medium rhiz – Eurimedit. Orchis abortiva − Limodorum austriacum – […] 241 Lotus tetragonolobus L. (Fabaceae) − T scap – (5) (-) − 3 individuals with leaves and flowers – Me- Stenomedit. dium [m] − Lotus fine mellilotus. – [m] (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves and flowers – Good Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae) − H bien – Medit. Atl. Colchicum autumnale L. (Colchicaceae) − G bulb – Smÿrinus − Smÿrinum matthioli 113 − I. R. H. 316 Europ. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and fruits – Poor Colchicus autunale − Colchicum polyanthos multi- plex. – C. B. Pin: 68. – Colchicum polyanthos flore Lathyrus sylvestris L. (Fabaceae) − H scand – Europ. multiplici autunale. colchicum commune – C. B. Pin. Caucas. 67 Lathyrus Latifolius − Lathyrus Latifolius − C. B. Pin. (5) (-) − 1 individual with bulb, leaves and flowers – 344. Good (5) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves and flowers and 1 with leaves and fruits – Good Melittis melissophyllum L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – Centr. Europ. Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. (Lamiaceae) Mellitis melliso […] − Melisa humilis latifolia maximo − Ch suffr – Stenomedit. flore purpurescente – I. R. H. 193 Saxifraga tridactÿlites. − Saxifraga verna annua, hu- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good milior. − I. R. H. 252 (5) (-) − 1 individual with roots, leaves and fruits – Salvia verticillata L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – S Europ. Good Caucas. Mentha verticillata − Mentha hortensis verticillata, Torilis nodosa L. (Apiaceae) − T scap – Eurimedit. ocimi odore – C: B: Pin: 227. – Mentha verticillata, Tordÿlium nodosum − Daucus annuus ad nodos flori- minor, non crispa. – [m] bus – I. R. H. 908. − caucalis nodoso, echinato femine. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium − C. B. Pin: 153 − anthriscus. − [m] (5) (-) − 2 individuals with leaves flowers and fruits – Tanacetum balsamita L. (Asteraceae) − H scap – W Medium Asiat. [m] − Mentha Romano, Greca Herba Santa maria Sal- Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. (Apiaceae) − T scap – via Romana […] – [m] Subcosmop. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor [m] − Dacus annus minor floribus albis Anthrisco hispido affinis femines aspero, hispido umbellis Albi- Mentha aquatica L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – Subcos- cantibus – I. B. 3 […] 3.83. mop. (5) (-) − 2 individuals; 1 with leaves flowers and fruits Mentha aquatica − Mentha rotundifolia palustris […] and 1 with roots, leaves flowers and fruits – Poor aquatica major. – C. B. Pin: 227 (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Medium Ballota nigra L. (Lamiaceae) − H scap – Eurimedit. Lamium purpureus − Lamium purpureum fetitus fo- Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin (Dio- lio subrutundo minus. – H. L. Bo […] scoreaceae) − G rad – Eurimedit. (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good Tamus communis. − Tamus racemosa flore minore lu- 20 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI teo pallescente. – I. R. h. 103 – Brionia levis, sine nigra lected due to their practical use or their commonness, racemosa, vitis nigra – [m] ease of collection and ease of identification. The stud- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor ied herbarium most likely includes plants not collected in areas close to the cloister as well as plants resulting Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) − H bien – Eurimedit. from exchanges with other collectors or institutions. [m] − Sclarea Lusitanica glutinosa amplissimo folio. – For example, the friars probably had exchanges with [m] collectors from southern Italy given that some speci- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good mens occur only in this part of Italy. These exchanges are likely given that other friars did so. For example Gossypium sp. (Malvaceae) Fra Fortunato da Rovigo (i.e. Antonio Mattaraia, 1639- [m] − Cotone Pianta – [m] 1701) prepared a herbarium with plants mainly col- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Poor lected in the proximity of the Monte Baldo (Veneto, Italy), and particularly in the vicinity of his monastery. Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Sapindaceae) − P scap – However, none of the studied labels revealed infor- W Balkans mation about the locality and the herbarium probably [m] − Castanea americana amplissimo folio fructu mo- also included plants obtained through exchanges with liter echinato. – [m] friars from abroad as described by Gaitier (1840). Fur- (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves and flowers – Good thermore, given that the Order of Friars Minor Capu- chin is typically a preacher and beggar order, whose Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. (Martyniaceae) − components frequently shifted from a monastery to T scap – N American another, it is possible that the friars themselves col- [m] − martynia nomen apellata – [m] lected specimens in different places. Finally, it is also (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruit – conceivable that a single enthusiastic botanist friar Medium collected plants in different areas − even from distant territories − in which he preached and slowly set up Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) − T scap/P the collection, possibly supplementing it with further Scap – Paleotemp. finds. vulgo palma Christi − Ricinus vulgaris – C: B: Pin: 432 Interestingly, in the “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San (5) (-) − 1 individual with leaves, flowers and fruits – Quirico d’Orcia” plants typical of different habitats Medium occur, like forest (e.g. Polygonatum odoratum), Medi- terranean maquis (e.g. Osyris alba), wet environments (e.g. Mentha aquatica). Moreover, the collection hosts The revised “non-medicinal” herbarium “Erbario dei species that can be typically found at sea level (e.g. Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia” contains 168 spec- Anthyllis barba-jovis) and in the mountainous areas imens, divided into 44 families, 134 genera, and 157 (e.g. Bistorta officinalis), and species from Tuscany to species. Six specimens lacking of the diagnostic char- southern Italy (e.g. Athamanta macedonica, Moluccella acters for identification at species level, thus, they are spinosa and Teucrium campanulatum), highlighting the reported at genus level. Five specimens were classified lack of a precise purpose of the collection. Interesting as uncertain (species epithet preceded by cfr.), given is the presence of several alien species (e.g. Amorpha the lack of the characters needed for identification. fruticosa, Asclepias syriaca, Cassia sp., Gossypium sp., The species identification revealed that N. T. “Nomen Proboscidea louisianica, Solidago canadensis, Teucrium Triviale” is mostly well assigned except in a few cases hircanicum), including archeophytes (e.g. Ricinus com- of clear misidentification (e.g. Saxifraga“ tridactÿlites” munis, Tanacetum balsamita, Vaccaria hispanica), and instead of Micromeria juliana), or some cases where N. cultivated species (e.g. Celosia cfr. argentea and prob- T. was lacking. The family with the highest number of ably Pelargonium sp.). Moreover, Tuscan rare species specimens was Fabaceae (14.4%), followed by Lami- are also present, such as Gnaphalium uliginosum and aceae (13.1%). Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae are Stachys palustris whose current rarity is linked to hab- usually predominant in floras of Central Italy (Selvi, itat fragmentation (Landi et al., 2013–2014). Finally, 1996; Angiolini et al., 2002; Pierini & Peruzzi, 2014; species that have become threatened such as Hesperis Bonari et al., 2017), whereas our results showed only matronalis and Vaccaria hispanica (see the Tuscan Re- two specimens of Poaceae (Oryza sativa and Steno- gional Law 56/2000) were also present in the collec- taphrum sp.). This result should not surprise when tion. The establishment of the herbarium was attrib- studies based on historical Tuscan herbaria are consid- uted by Mariotti & Chiarucci (1993) to the second ered (Amadei et al., 1998), where the predominance of half of 1700s. Following the study of these specimens, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae is not a novelty. In fact, in the assigning a precise date seems to be difficult. In fact, past, species of some families were preferentially col- the presence of several N. T. (sometimes added later; THE NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF A HISTORICAL TUSCAN HERBARIUM: THE “ERBARIO DEI CAPPUCCINI DI SAN QUIRICO D’ORCIA” 21

duction in Italy, revealed that one species, Proboscidea louisianica, was introduced to Italy in 1772 (Maniero, 2000). Thus, it is reasonable that the herbarium was continued at least until this date. Moreover, one speci- men (Urospermum dalechampii), seemed to report “lugl 1569” (i.e. July 1569) in the label (Fig. 2) as a proba- ble collection date. This implies that some specimens were collected much earlier, anticipating the origin of the herbarium. Unfortunately, there are no other dates for comparison. It is worth noting that these collec- Figure 2. The label with the presumed collecting date of “lugl 1569”. tions were often started and later improved on across a wide life span and possibly by different people, as evidenced by different calligraphies and inks. Thus, an exact dating is not easy to establish, although based on this new analysis the period of collection should be increased. Most of the references cited in the labels re- ferred to “C. B. Pin.” (C. Bauhin, Pinax Theatri Botan- ici; Bauhin, 1623) and/or “I. R. H.” (Institutiones Rei Herbariae; Tournefort, 1700), although other texts and associated authors occurred (for other text and author abbreviations, see Amadei et al., 1998). Considering that 94% of the specimens were identifiable, it must be emphasized the effectiveness of past techniques in drying samples for preserving exsiccata. The various owners of the herbarium paid attention to preserving this herbarium as highlighted by the occurrence of 84 specimens (50.3%) that were in “good conservation status” (Fig. 3), although badly preserved specimens also occur (16.2%). In general, the collection did not appear to have been affected by infestations.

Conclusions

The study of the exsiccata allowed us to interpret sev- eral aspects of the section “non-medicinal plants” of the collection “Erbario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia”. The herbarium is composed of 157 speci- mens identified at species level, six at genus and four not clearly identified due to exsiccatum decay. This con- tribution provides useful information on methodologi- cal approaches used in the past, as well as highlighting that the friars’ goal in the preparation of a herbarium was not to provide a scientific study of an area. Rather it was a collection without a precise reason, with pur- poses that ranged from the economic to the documen- tary or alimentary. A number of specimens probably Figure 3. Example of a specimen in a “good conservation status” came from other localities outside of the province of (Teucrium hircanicum L.). Siena, as suggested by the presence of species strictly linked to coastal areas or Southern Italy. This fact Mariotti & Chiarucci, 1993) and the reference of “Spec. strengthens the hypothesis of exchanges as common Plant.” (Species Plantarum; Linneaus, 1753), seems to practice in the past. The Capuchin friars were deeply roughly confirm the attributed timing of the herbarium linked to botanical sciences, allowing them to collect, with respect to an upper limit. Nevertheless, evidence preserve and exchange plant specimens from distant exists which helps in disentangling the dating issue. territories. The presence of some species of conserva- An analysis of the alien species and its period of intro- tion interest, nowadays in decline, may suggest that 22 G. BONARI, C. ANGIOLINI, P. CASTAGNINI, I. BONINI these species were potentially more frequent in the Bonini I., 2006. L’Herbarium Universitatis Senensis: storia, per- past. Moreover, one specimen with a marked date al- sonaggi, erbari. In: “Per una storia dell’Università di Siena. lows us to hypothesis an earlier creation date of the Annali di storia delle università italiane. Anno X: 381-394. collection and an alien species with a known introduc- Bonini I., Biagi F., Perini C., Leoncini A., 2008. Erbario Chigi: tion date indicates that the collection saw continued un antico erbario presso l’Herbarium Universitatis Senensis. 103° Congresso Società Botanica Italiana, Reggio Calabria 17-19 activity until the late 18th century. Thus we expand September 2008: 318. the time period of this collection which to date had been limited to the middle-to-late half of the 18th cen- Bonini I., Castagnini P., Perini C., 2010. Museo Botanico: Orto Botanico ed Herbarium Universitatis Senensis. In: Aa.Vv. tury. In sum, this study demonstrates the pivotal role “Siena SIMUS Sistema Museale Senese”. Fondazione Musei Se- of Tuscan botany in both historic and contemporary nesi Guide/10 Silvana Editoriale: pp. 58-79.

Italian botany, as well as showing that botany was Bonini I., Amici V., Lastrucci L., Geri F., 2013. Herbarium Uni- widely practiced not only in Universities but also in versatitis Senensis: uno strumento per la conoscenza e la con- religious centres. servazione della biodiversità. Museologia Scientifica, Memorie 9: 131-135.

Bonini I., Castagnini P., Bendici R., Angiolini C., 2015. L’Er- Aknowledgements bario dei Cappuccini di San Quirico d’Orcia (Si): biodiversità vegetale di oltre 200 anni fa! “Cose di scienza. Le collezioni museali: tutela, ricerca ed educazione”. XXV Congresso Asso- The main thanks go to P. Simonelli who donated this ciazione Nazionale Musei Scientifici. Torino 11-13 November invaluable collection to the Herbarium Universita- 2015, 63. tis Senensis (Life Sciences Department, University of Castroviejo S., Aedo C., Cirujano S., Lainz M., Montserrant Siena) and the “Fondazione Tagliolini” which sup- P., Morales R., Munoz Garmendia F., Navarro C., Pavia ported this study. We also thank R. Bendici for her J., Soriano C., 1984-2005. Flora Iberica. Real jardìn Botanico, diligence during her thesis period working on this CSIC, Madrid. data. A. Kenny revised the English. Chiarucci A., Loppi S., 1990. Le collezioni lichenologiche dell’Herbarium Universitatis Senensis (Siena). Notiziario della Società Lichenologica Italiana 3(1): 83-84.

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Equisetum telmateja Ehrh. (2) Osyris alba L. (5) Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. (1) Oxybasis rubra (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (2) Eupatorium cannabinum L. (1) Pelargonium sp. (1) Euphorbia amygdaloides L. (1) Persicaria maculosa Gray (5) Euphorbia cyparissias L. (1) Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel (2) Euphorbia helioscopia L. (1) Philadelphus cfr. coronarius L. (5) Euphorbia lathyris L. (1) Phillyrea cfr. latifolia L. (1) Ferula communis L. (1) Polygala vulgaris L. (2) Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. (2) Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (2) Filipendula vulgaris Moench (2) Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T.Moore ex Woyn. (2) Fragaria vesca L. (2) Potentilla rupestris L. (1) Fritllaria persica L. (5) Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. (5) Genista germanica L. (4) Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (2) Genista tinctoria L. (4) Reseda luteola L. (1) Geranium columbinum L. (1) Ricinus communis L. (5) Geranium dissectum L. (1) Salvia sclarea L. (5) Geranium robertianum L. (1-4) Salvia verticillata L. (5) Glycyrrhiza echinata L. (4) Sanicula europaea L. (2) Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (2) Scandix pecten-veneris L. (1) Gossypium sp. (5) Scutellaria columnae All. (5) Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W.Schmidt (2) Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfl. (5) Hepatica nobilis Schreb. Schreb. (2) Senecio vulgaris L. (2) Heracleum sphondylium L. (1) Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. (1) Hesperis matronalis L. (1) Silene italica (L.) Pers. (1) Iris foetidissima L. (4-5) Smyrnium olusatrum L. (5) Iris graminea L. (1) Solidago canadensis L. (2) Isatis tinctoria L. (5) Sonchus oleraceus L. (2) Laburnum anagyroides Medik. (1) Stachys alpina L. (1) Lallemantia peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (5) Stachys germanica L. (5) Lamium amplexicaule L. (5) Stachys palustris L. (1) Lathyrus sylvestris L. (5) Stachys sp. (1) Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. (1) Stachys sylvatica L. (5). Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix (5) Staphisagria macrosperma Spach (2) Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. (2) Stenotaphrum sp. (1) Lilium sp. (1) Styrax officinalis L. (1) Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. (5) Syringa vulgaris L. (5) Lonicera caprifolium L. (2) Tanacetum balsamita L. (5) Lotus tetragonolobus L. (5) Teucrium botrys L. (1-1) Lunaria annua L. (2) Teucrium campanulatum L. (1) Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. (1) Teucrium flavum L. (1) Lycium cfr. intricatum Boiss. (1) Teucrium hircanicum L. (1) Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. (1-1) Teucrium polium L. (2) Lysimachia vulgaris L. (1) Thalictrum lucidum L. (1) Lythrum salicaria L. (1) Thlaspi perfoliatum L. (2) Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. (1) Tordylium apulum L. (1) Melittis melissophyllum L. (5) Tordylium maximum L. (1) Mentha aquatica L. (5) Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. (1-5) Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. (5) Torilis nodosa L. (5) Moluccella spinosa L. (1) Tragopogon porrifolius L. (2) Nerium oleander L. (2) Trifolium incarnatum L. (5) Nigella arvensis L. (5) Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F.W.Schmidt (2) Nigella damascena L. (5) Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (1) Oenothera biennis L. (1) Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray (1) Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (5) Vicia narbonensis L. (1) Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (2) Vinca minor L. (2) Oryza sativa L. (2) Edizioni ETS Piazza Carrara, 16-19, I-56126 Pisa [email protected] - www.edizioniets.com Finito di stampare nel mese di dicembre 2017