DOCSLIB.ORG

1910 Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler Introduces the Term Autism. 1943

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1910 Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler Introduces the Term Autism. 1943 1910 Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler introduces the term autism. 1943 American psychiatrist Leo Kanner publishes “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact” (Nervous Child 2 (1943): 217-250), identifying autism as a childhood psychiatric disorder. 1944 Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger publishes “ Die ‘Autistischen Psychopathen’ im Kindesalter” “[`Autistic Psychopathy’ in Childhood”] ( Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 117, 76-136). It will not be available in English until 1991. 1946 Congress enacts PL 79-725, the Hospital Survey and Construction Act, also known as the Hill- Burton Act, authorizing federal grants to the states for the construction of hospitals, public health centers, and health facilities for rehabilitation of people with disabilities. The National Mental Health Foundation is founded by conscientious objectors who served as attendants at state mental institutions during World War II. It works to expose the abusive conditions at these facilities, and becomes an early impetus in the push for deinstitutionalization. 1948 The Act of June 10, 1948, PL 80-623, forbids “employment discrimination based on physical handicaps within the United States Civil Service” – mainly to protect wounded veterans of the Second World War. 1949 Leo Kanner writes “Problems of Nosology and Psychodynamics in Early Childhood Autism” (American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 19 (3): 416–26) in which he identifies a “maternal lack of genuine warmth” in autism cases. He says that autistic children “were kept neatly in refrigerators which did not defrost.” This is the birth of the idea of “refrigerator mothers.” 1950 The Association for Retarded Children of the United States (later the Association for Retarded Citizens and then the Arc) is founded in Minneapolis by representatives of various state associations of parents of mentally retarded children 1954 The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, rules that separate schools for black and white children are inherently unequal and unconstitutional. This pivotal decision becomes a catalyst for the African-American civil rights movement, which in turn becomes a template for the disability rights movement. 1955 The Labor-HEW subcommittee of House Appropriations, chaired by John Fogarty, holds a hearing on mental retardation. Fogarty earmarks $500,000 to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness and (NINDB) and $250,000 to NIMH. 1961 President Kennedy appoints a special President’s Panel on Mental Retardation. The June 17 issue of The Saturday Evening Post carries an article by Rosalind Oppenheim, “They Said Our Child Was Hopeless,” about her autistic son’s struggle with autism. “We pray and work, too, for the estimated 500,000 mentally handicapped children who are receiving no treatment and have not even had diagnosis because there is no place to get it.” 1962 British psychiatrist Lorna Wing founds the National Autistic Society NAS in the United Kingdom. 1963 President Kennedy, in an address to Congress, calls for a reduction, “over a number of years and by hundreds of thousands, (in the number) of persons confined” to residential institutions, and he asks that methods be found “to retain in and return to the community the mentally ill and mentally retarded, and there to restore and revitalize their lives through better health programs and strengthened educational and rehabilitation services.” Though not labeled such at the time, this is a call for deinstitutionalization. Congress passes the Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act of 1963 (P.L. 88-164 -- later the Developmental Disabilities Act), authorizing federal support for the construction of mental retardation research centers, university-affiliated training facilities, and community service facilities for children and adults with mental retardation. 1964 Dr. Bernard Rimland publishes Infantile Autism: the Syndrome and its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior that describes the clinical features of autism in detail and also provides the first evidence that it is a biological disorder. His theories are not as well popularized as Bethlehem's, so therefore he has less of an impact on the public. 1965 Bernard Rimland and Ruth Christ Sullivan found the National Society for Autistic Children (NSAC), later the Autism Society of America (ASA). Lyndon Johnson signs the Social Security Amendments of 1965 (P.L. 89-97), creating Medicare and Medicaid. Psychologist Ole Ivar Lovaas develops the Applied Behavior Analysis treatment. The May 7 issue of Life gives it national publicity in “Screams, Slaps, and Love: A Surprising, Shocking Treatment Helps Far-Gone Mental Cripples.” The California legislature recommends that the state accept responsibility for people with mental retardation before they enter state hospitals by establishing regional, community-based medical agencies that diagnose, counsel and offer continuing services. Governor Edmund G. “Pat” Brown signs Assembly Bill 691, authored by Assemblymen Jerome Waldie and Frank D. Lanterman, establishing two pilot regional centers for people with mental retardation. 1966 A study in Middlesex County, England, (Lotter, V. Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children. I: Prevalence. Social Psychiatry, 1966, 1, 124-137) estimates the rate of autism in chil- dren at 0.04% — the most commonly cited figure until the 1980s. 1967 Bernard Rimland founds the Autism Research Institute ARI in San Diego. Bettelheim publishes The Empty Fortress: Infantile Autism and the Birth of the Self in which he likens the relationship of autistic children and their parents to prisoners in concentration camps and SS guards. “The difference between the plight of prisoners in a concentration camp and the conditions which lead to autism and schizophrenia in children is, of course, that the child has never had a previous chance to develop much of a personality.” The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD of the World Health Organization classifies autism as a form of schizophrenia. Parents found the Autism Society of America. The Mental Retardation Amendments of 1967 (P.L. 90-170) authorizes federal funds to assist in the costs of initiating services in community mental retardation facilities. 1968 Vocational Education Act Amendments (P.L. 90-576) requires each state to earmark 10% of its basic grant for services for youth with disabilities. 1969 California Assemblyman Frank Lanterman introduces Assembly Bill 225, the Lanterman Mental Retardation Services Act, extending regional center services throughout California. 1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1970 (P.L. 91-230) creates a separate Act - The Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA). Part B authorizes grants to states to assist them in initiating, expanding, and improving programs for the education of children with disabilities. EHA also establishes several competitive grant programs such as personal preparation, research and demonstration. The Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Amendments of 1970 (P.L. 91-517) containing the first legal definition of "developmental disabilities," includes broad responsibilities for a state planning and advisory council to plan and implement a comprehensive program of services for persons with developmental disabilities. In addition, the legislation authorized grants to support interdisciplinary training in institutions of higher education of personnel providing services to persons with developmental disabilities (currently known as university affiliated programs). The Center for Independent Living is founded in Berkeley, California. Generally recognized as the world's first independent living center, the formation of the CIL sparks the worldwide independent living movement. 1971 P.A.R.C. v. Pennsylvania, 334 F.Supp. 1257 (E.D.Pa.1971); 343 F.Supp. 279 (E.D.Pa. 1972) A class action suit filed before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of 14 children with mental retardation. Parents and advocates argue that Pennsylvania statutes violate the Equal Protection Clause. The U.S. District Court agrees and enters an order enjoining Pennsylvania from applying any statute that would postpone, deny access, or terminate a free, appropriate public education to any child with mental retardation. The Consent decree also includes important LRE language that set forth the underlying preference for the P.L. 94- 142 and the IDEA. 1972 Mills v. Board of Education, 348 F.Supp. 866 (D.D.C. 1972). This case was filed on behalf of seven school-aged children with disabilities seeking an injunction restraining the Board of Education of the District of Columbia from denying them access to public education. The Court states that no child should be excluded from public school on the basis of any D.C. policy or rule unless the child is offered an alternative educational program suited to meet his or her needs. Further, the Court rules that each child was entitled to a free appropriate public education regardless of the degree of disability. The parents of residents at the Willowbrook State School file suit (New York ARC v. Rockefeller) to end the appalling conditions at that institution. A television broadcast from the facility outrages the general public, which sees the inhumane treatment endured by people with developmental disabilities. This press exposure, together with the lawsuit and other advocacy, eventually moves thousands of people from the institution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Autism: Resource List
    Autism: Resource List Books for Children: Ages 4 to 8 Andy and His Yellow Frisbee; by Mary Thompson; Woodbine House, 1996 Asperger's huh? A Child's Perspective; by Rosina Schnurr; Anisor, 1999 Autism; Sudipta Bardhan-Quallen; KidHaven Press, 2005 Ian's Walk: A Story About Autism; by Laurie Lears; illustrated by Karen Ritz; Albert Whitman, 1998 When My Autism Gets Too Big: A Relaxation Book for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders; by Kari Dunn Baron; Autism Asperger Publ Co, 2004 Ages 9 to 12 Autism; Elaine Landau; Franklin Watts, 2001 Autism; by Carol Baldwin; Heinemann Library, 2002 Autism; Sarah Lennard-Brown; Raintree, 2004 Different Like Me: My Book Of Autism Heroes; Jennifer Elder; illustrations by Marc Thomas and Jennifer Elder; Jessica Kingsley, 2005 Mori's Story: A Book About a Boy With Autism; by Zachary M. Gartenberg; Lerner Publications Co., 1998 (for siblings) To Be Me; by Rebecca Elinger: WPS Creative Therapy Store, 2005 Teen Coping With Asperger Syndrome; Maxine Rosaler; The Rosen Pub. Group, 2004 Everything You Need to Know When a Brother or Sister Is Autistic; Marsha S. Rosenberg; Rosen Pub. Group, 1999 Your Life is Not a Label: A Guide to Living Fully with Autism and Asperger's Syndrome; by Jerry Newport; Future Horizons, 2001 Books for Adults: Activity Schedules for Children with Autism: Teaching Independent Behavior; by Lynn McClannahan; Woodbine House, 2003 The Asperger Parent: How to Raise a Child with Asperger Syndrome and Maintain Your Sense of Humor; by Jeffrey Cohen; Autism Asperger Publ. Co,
    [Show full text]
  • Gesnerus 2020-2.Indb
    Gesnerus 77/2 (2020) 279–311, DOI: 10.24894/Gesn-de.2020.77012 Vom «autistischen Psychopathen» zum Autismusspektrum. Verhaltensdiagnostik und Persönlichkeitsbehauptung in der Geschichte des Autismus Rüdiger Graf Abstract Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Persönlichkeit und Verhalten in der Defi nition und Diagnostik des Autismus von Kanner und Asperger in den 1940er Jahren bis in die neueren Ausgaben des DSM und ICD. Dazu unter- scheidet er drei verschiedene epistemische Zugänge zum Autismus: ein exter- nes Wissen der dritten Person, das über Verhaltensbeobachtungen, Testver- fahren und Elterninterviews gewonnen wird; ein stärker praktisches Wissen der zweiten Person, das in der andauernden, alltäglichen Interaktion bei El- tern und Betreuer*innen entsteht, und schließlich das introspektive Wissen der ersten Person, d.h. der Autist*innen selbst. Dabei resultiert die Kerndif- ferenz in der Behandlung des Autismus daraus, ob man meint, die Persönlich- keit eines Menschen allein über die Beobachtung von Verhaltensweisen er- schließen zu können oder ob es sich um eine vorgängige Struktur handelt, die introspektiv zugänglich ist, Verhalten prägt und ihm Sinn verleihen kann. Die Entscheidung hierüber führt zu grundlegend anderen Positionierungen zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen, wie insbesondere zu Ole Ivar Lovaas’ Applied Behavior Analysis. Autismus; Psychiatriegeschichte; Wissensgeschichte; Verhaltenstherapie; Neurodiversität PD Dr. Rüdiger Graf, Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, Am Neuen Markt 1, 14467 Potsdam, [email protected]. Gesnerus 77 (2020) 279 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 01:45:02AM via free access «Autistic Psychopaths» and the Autism Spectrum. Diagnosing Behavior and Claiming Personhood in the History of Autism The article examines how understandings of personality and behavior have interacted in the defi nition and diagnostics of autism from Kanner and As- perger in the 1940s to the latest editions of DSM and ICD.
    [Show full text]
  • To Vaccinate Or Not to Vaccinate: a Qualitative Description of the Information Available on Popular Search Engines Regarding the Vaccine Debate
    Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection Undergraduate Scholarship 2016 To Vaccinate or Not To Vaccinate: A Qualitative Description of the Information Available on Popular Search Engines Regarding the Vaccine Debate. Madeline Rhinesmith Butler University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, and the Health Communication Commons Recommended Citation Rhinesmith, Madeline, "To Vaccinate or Not To Vaccinate: A Qualitative Description of the Information Available on Popular Search Engines Regarding the Vaccine Debate." (2016). Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection. 343. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/343 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To Vaccinate or Not To Vaccinate: A Qualitative Description of the Information Available on Popular Search Engines Regarding the Vaccine Debate. A Thesis Presented to the Department of Science, Technology and Society College of Liberal Arts in Sciences and The Honors Program of Butler University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Honors Madeline Louise Rhinesmith April 25, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 METHODS 12 TABLE 1 15 RESULTS 21 TABLE 2 22 DISCUSSION 23 TABLE 3 24 CONCLUSION 30 REFERENCE LIST 32 Abstract The current study looks at the assumption that that more information, along with improved access to that information could lead to more informed decisions through evaluating and critically reflecting on the vaccine debate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Social Skills and Challenging Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2010 The elr ationship between social skills and challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders Jonathan Wilkins Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Wilkins, Jonathan, "The er lationship between social skills and challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders" (2010). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 766. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/766 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SKILLS AND CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Jonathan Wilkins M.A., Louisiana State University 2008 B.A., Carleton College 1998 August 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Advice for Parents of Young Autistic Children: Spring (2004) by James B
    Advice for Parents of Young Autistic Children: Spring (2004) By James B. Adams, Ph.D., Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., Autism Research Institute, San Diego, California Temple Grandin, Ph.D., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Bernard Rimland, Ph.D., Autism Research Institute, San Diego, California Authors’ Note: James B. Adams, Ph.D., is the father of a young girl with autism, and has served for several years as the President of the Greater Phoenix Chapter of the Autism Society of America. He is also a professor of Chemical and Materials Engineering at Arizona State University, where much of his research is focused on finding the biomedical causes of autism and effective treatments for it. His website is www.eas.asu.edu/~autism Stephen M. Edelson has a Ph.D. in experimental psychology, and has worked in the field of autism for 25 years. He is the director of the Center for the Study of Autism in Salem, Oregon, which is affiliated with the Autism Research Institute in San Diego, CA. He is also on the Board of Directors of the Oregon chapter of the Autism Society of America (ASA), and is on ASA’s Professional Advisory Board. His main autism website is: www.autism.org Temple Grandin, Ph.D. is an associate professor of Animal Science at Colorado State University and a person with autism. She is the author of Emergence: Labeled Autistic and Thinking in Pictures and a designer of livestock handling facilities. Half of the cattle in North America are handled in facilities she has designed.
    [Show full text]
  • Autism Society History
    Feature | Autism Society History Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going The Autism Society’s Proud History s the nation’s oldest grassroots autism organization, the Autism Society has Abeen working to improve the lives of all affected by autism for 46 years. When the organization was founded in 1965, the autism community was very different than it is today: the term “autism” was not widely known, and doctors often blamed the condition on “refrigerator mothers,” or parents who were cold and unloving to their children – a theory that we now know to be completely false. Perhaps even more discouraging than the blame and guilt placed upon parents of children with autism at this time was the complete lack of treatment options. Parents were often told that their child would never improve, and that he or she should be institutionalized. “All practitioners we saw had one characteristic in common – none of them was able to undertake treatment,” wrote Rosalind Oppenheim, mother to a then-6-year-old son with autism, in an article in the June 17, 1961, Saturday Evening Post. “‘When will you stop running?’ one well-meaning guidance counselor asked us along the way. When indeed? After eighteen costly, heartbreaking months we felt that we had exhausted all the local medical resources.” Oppenheim’s article garnered many letters from other parents of children with autism who had had similar experiences. She sent them on to Dr. Bernard Rimland, another parent of a child with autism who was also a psychologist. Not long after, Dr. Rimland published the landmark book Infantile Autism, the first work to argue for a physical, not psychological, cause of autism.
    [Show full text]
  • Autism and New Media: Disability Between Technology and Society
    1 Autism and new media: Disability between technology and society Amit Pinchevski (lead author) Department of Communication and Journalism, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel John Durham Peters Department of Communication Studies, University of Iowa, USA Abstract This paper explores the elective affinities between autism and new media. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) provides a uniquely apt case for considering the conceptual link between mental disability and media technology. Tracing the history of the disorder through its various media connections and connotations, we propose a narrative of the transition from impaired sociability in person to fluent social media by network. New media introduce new affordances for people with ASD: The Internet provides habitat free of the burdens of face-to-face encounters; high-tech industry fares well with the purported special abilities of those with Asperger’s syndrome; and digital technology offers a rich metaphorical depository for the condition as a whole. Running throughout is a gender bias that brings communication and technology into the fray of biology versus culture. Autism invites us to rethink our assumptions about communication in the digital age, accounting for both the pains and possibilities it entails. 2 Keywords: Autism (ASD), Asperger’s Syndrome, new media, disability studies, interaction and technology, computer-mediated communication, gender and technology Authors’ bios Amit Pinchevski is a senior lecturer in the Department of Communication and Journalism at the Hebrew University, Israel. He is the author of By Way of Interruption: Levinas and the Ethics of Communication (2005) and co-editor of Media Witnessing: Testimony in the Age of Mass Communication (with Paul Frosh, 2009) and Ethics of Media (with Nick Couldry and Mirca Madianou, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Does Ohio Provide Autistic Children a Free Appropriate Public Education
    Journal of Law and Health Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 7 1988 Does Ohio Provide Autistic Children A Free Appropriate Public Education Sheila M. McCarthy Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/jlh Part of the Disability Law Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Note, Does Ohio Provide Autistic Children A Free Appropriate Public Education, 3 J.L. & Health 129 (1988-1989) This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Law and Health by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOES OHIO PROVIDE AUTISTIC CHILDREN A FREE APPROPRIATE PUBLIC EDUCATION? by SHEILA M. MCCARTHY I. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 129 II. AUTISM DEFINED ...................................... 131 III. THE EAHCA ...................................... 135 IV. Board of Education v. Rowley .......................... 138 V. CASE LAW .......................................... 143 VI. Matta v. Indian Hill Exempted Village School District...... 146 VII. COMPARISON OF STATE LEGISLATION ....................... 151 VIII. CONCLUSION .......................................... 154 I. INTRODUCTION To facilitate the special educational needs of handicapped" children,2 Con- gress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 19751 (EAHCA) which provides federal funds to encourage states to educate their handicapped
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming Autistic: How Do Late Diagnosed Autistic People
    Becoming Autistic: How do Late Diagnosed Autistic People Assigned Female at Birth Understand, Discuss and Create their Gender Identity through the Discourses of Autism? Emily Violet Maddox Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • LEO KANNER (1894-1981) PAPERS to Many As "Kanner's Syndrome")
    Kanner Papers (1 of 3) student, Kanner taught himself pediatric psychiatry--and went on to teach generations of students what he learned. He published the first American textbook to bear the title "Child Psychiatry." In separate prefaces to the first edition, Adolf Meyer wrote, "it will serve as a safe starting point and an incentive to proceed from what is well tried to the ever new ground to be conquered" and Edwards Parks added, "the book is full of wisdom and common sense, no other book is quite like it. It brings to the pediatrician much needed aid." Dr. Kanner is best known for his delineation in 1943 of the syndrome he described as "autistic disturbances of affective contact" but later designated as early infantile autism (and known LEO KANNER (1894-1981) PAPERS to many as "Kanner's syndrome"). Less well known but deserving of as much remembrance is Leo Kanner's concern for mentally ARCHIVES FINDING AID [Processed by W. E. Baxter, 12 November, 1985.] retarded children at a time when most psychiatrists excluded them from the purview of their clinics. Presentation of a paper on this subject resulted in a double row of inch-high headlines across the BIOGRAPHY Baltimore Sun on April 8, 1938, and led to community action to end a foul practice generated by the collusion of attorneys and Leo Kanner was born on June 13, 1894, in Klekotow, Austria. judges over the valiant opposition of the superintendent of the The young Kanner proved to be an extraordinary student and began Training School. The practice had been to obtain the release of to write poetry when he was only ten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persistence of Fad Interventions in the Face of Negative Scientific Evidence: Facilitated Communication for Autism As a Case Example
    Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention ISSN: 1748-9539 (Print) 1748-9547 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tebc20 The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example Scott O. Lilienfeld, Julia Marshall, James T. Todd & Howard C. Shane To cite this article: Scott O. Lilienfeld, Julia Marshall, James T. Todd & Howard C. Shane (2014) The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example, Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 8:2, 62-101, DOI: 10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 Published online: 02 Feb 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 5252 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tebc20 Download by: [University of Lethbridge] Date: 05 October 2015, At: 05:52 Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2014 Vol. 8, No. 2, 62–101, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2014.976332 EBP Advancement Corner The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example Scott O. Lilienfeld1, Julia Marshall1, James T. Todd2 & Howard C. Shane3 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA, 3Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ................................................................................................................................................. Abstract Communication disorder and mental health professionals may assume that once novel clinical techniques have been refuted by research, they will be promptly abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons a Thesis
    Disablement, Diversity, Deviation: Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Sarah Gibbons 2016 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation brings disability studies and postcolonial studies into dialogue with discourse surrounding risk in the environmental humanities. The central question that it investigates is how critics can reframe and reinterpret existing threat registers to accept and celebrate disability and embodied difference without passively accepting the social policies that produce disabling conditions. It examines the literary and rhetorical strategies of contemporary cultural works that one, promote a disability politics that aims for greater recognition of how our environmental surroundings affect human health and ability, but also two, put forward a disability politics that objects to devaluing disabled bodies by stigmatizing them as unnatural. Some of the major works under discussion in this dissertation include Marie Clements’s Burning Vision (2003), Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People (2007), Gerardine Wurzburg’s Wretches & Jabberers (2010) and Corinne Duyvis’s On the Edge of Gone (2016). The first section of this dissertation focuses on disability, illness, industry, and environmental health to consider how critics can discuss disability and environmental health in conjunction without returning to a medical model in which the term ‘disability’ often designates how closely bodies visibly conform or deviate from definitions of the normal body.
    [Show full text]