Association of Systemic Medication Use with Intraocular Pressure in a Multiethnic Asian Population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study

Supplementary Online Content

Ho H, Shi Y, Chua J, et al. Association of systemic medication use with intraocular pressure in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online January 12, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.5318

eAppendix. Drugs According to Medication Class

eTable 1. Subgroup Analysis According to Systemic Medical Condition

eTable 2. Multivariable Linear Regression Models for Interactions Between Medication Classes

This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.

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eAppendix. Drugs According to Medication Class

The following list was used to identify the lists of drug names each participant was taking, classified according to medication class.

ACE inhibitors Captopril, Coversyl, Enalapril, Glioten, Imidapril, Invoril, Lisinopril, Lisoril, Perindopril, Tanapril, Tanatril, Zestril

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Acarbose, Glucobay

Analgaesics Acugesic, Anarex, Codeine, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Pacofen, Panadol, Panadeine, Paracetamol, Norgesic, Suniton, Tramadol

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Atacand, Candesartan, Coaprovel, Cozaar, Co-Diovan, Diovan, Exforge, Hyzaar, Irbesartan, Losartan, Micardis, Olmetec, Omelsartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan

Anti-coagulants/Anti-platelets Clopidogrel, Dipyridamole, Perazodin, Plavix, Ticlid, Ticlopidine, Warfarin

Anti-Depressants Amitriptyline, Deanxit, Depranil, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Fluoxetine, Imipramine, Lexapro, Melitracen, Mirtazapine, Paroxetine, Prozac, Seroxat

Anti-Histamines Adezio, Cetirizine, Chlorphenamine, Cinnarizine, Cyproheptadine, Hydroxyzine, Loratadine, Pilian, Piriton, Telfast, Xyzal, Zyrtec

Aspirin Aspirin, Cardiprin Beta-blockers Atenolol, Betaloc, Beta-nicardia, Bisoprolol, Carvediol, Dilatrend, Hypernol, Inderal, Metoprolol, Nebivolol, Propranolol, Sotalol, Tenormin

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Calcium Channel Blockers Adalat, Amlodipine, Bepridil, Diltiazem, Felodipine, Lacidipine, Nifedipine, Nifetex, Nif- ten, Norvasc, Plendil, Stamlo, Vascor, Verapamil

Diuretics Amiloride, Chlorthiazide, Frusemide, Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide, Lasix, Moduretic, Natrilix, Spironolactone

Fibrates Ciprofibrate, Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Modalim, Recozil, Trolip

H2 Receptor Antagonist Aciloc, Apo-ranitidine, Cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine, Zantac,

Insulin Actrapid, Aspart, Insulatard, Insulin, Lantus, Mixtard, NovoMix

Nitrates Angsobide, Glyceryl Trinitrate, Gtn, Imdur, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Iwdex

NSAIDS Almiral, Arcoxia, Cataflam, Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Etoricoxib, Indocid, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Piroxicam, Rosiden, Sunprox, Voren

Proton Pump Inhibitors Esomeprazole, Nexium, Omeprazole, Omezole, Rabeprazole

Statins Apo-Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Crestor, Lipitor, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simtin, Simvastatin, Vytorin, Zocor

Steroid Inhalers Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Budesonide, Flixonase, Fluticasone, Mometasone, Nasonex, Seretide

Sulphonylureas Amaryl, Daonil, Diamicron, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glucovance. Glyburide, Nateglinide, Starlix, Tolbutamide

Thyroid Hormones Euthyrox, Levothyroxine, Thyroxine

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Participants with Participants with Participants with Hypertension Diabetes Hyperlipidaemia Medication Class β (SE) p-value β (SE) p-value β (SE) p-value

ACE inhibitors 0.52 (0.13) <0.001 - - - -

ARB 0.43 (0.19) 0.025 - - - -

Beta blockers -0.41 (0.11) <0.001 - - - -

Sulphonylureas - - 0.33 (0.14) 0.014 - -

Biguanides - - 0.16 (0.13) 0.232 - -

Statins - - - - 0.29 (0.15) 0.054

SE: standard error; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; BP: blood pressure; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers. Model adjusted for concurrent use of other medications, in addition to age, gender, BMI, ethnicity and specific health conditions.

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β SE p-value β SE p-value β SE p-value ACE-I 0.34 0.23 0.14 ------β-Blockers -0.47 0.14 <0.001 0.32 0.27 0.22 - - - Statins 0.39 0.13 0.003 -0.21 0.25 0.41 -0.12 0.21 0.56 Biguanides 0.38 0.21 0.08 -0.15 0.30 0.61 -0.20 0.32 0.53 Sulfonylureas 0.74 0.30 0.014 0.26 0.32 0.43 0.04 0.33 0.89

Adjusted for Statin use Adjusted for Biguanide use Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, β SE p-value β SE p-value glycosylated hemoglobin levels and blood pressure. ACE-I ------Abbreviation: SE, standard β-Blockers ------error of mean Statins ------Biguanides 0.22 0.28 0.44 - - - Sulfonylureas -0.48 0.30 0.11 -0.28 0.30 0.36

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