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DDeenngguuee BBuulllleettiinn Volume 26 December 2002 World Health Organization The South-East Asia and Western Pacific Region ISBN 92 9022 256 5 © World Health Organization 2002 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation, in part or in toto, of publications issued by the WHO Regional Office for South- East Asia, application should be made to the Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health House, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi 110 002, India. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the decisions or stated policy of the World Health Organization; however they focus on issues that have been recognized by the Organization and Member States as being of high priority. Printed in India Indexation: Dengue Bulletin is being indexed by BIOSIS and EMBASE, the EXCERPTA MEDICA database From the Editor’s desk pidemic dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) continues to be a Emajor public health problem globally. The wide geographic spread of both the vectors and the viruses over the last 30 years have led to the development of hyperendemicity in several urban areas in the tropics. Before the 1970s, only nine countries had epidemic DHF. Today, the number has increased several fold. During 2001-2002, the World Health Organization estimated about 50 million infections with over 500,000 cases of DHF with at least 12,000 deaths, mainly among children. A reversal of these trends is the major challenge facing the health communities globally. Endemic countries are striving hard to improve surveillance, particularly pro-active surveillance which entails collection of blood samples to detect the virus genome and to help predict DHF outbreaks. Cost-effective and sustainable interventions, rapid diagnostics and improved case management to reduce both morbidity and mortality are being pursued vigorously by these countries. New “innovations” related to: (i) selective indoor residual spray of cryptic resting sites of Aedes aegypti, instead of insecticidal fogging, for control of DHF epidemics; (ii) inexpensive and rapid diagnostic test based on the nucleic acid sequence-based amplication (NASBA) as an alternate to PCR which requires specialized training and specific equipment, such as thermalcycler, and (iii) detection of dengue virus genome among travellers to South-East Asian countries and its importance as a good predictive for larger epidemics in “travellers contact” countries are the major highlights of this volume. It is heartening to note that the Dengue Bulletin, which initially focused on WHO’s South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions, has now reached new heights and has gone global. Volume 26, includes contributions from four WHO Regions, viz. South-East Asia, Western Pacific, American and Eastern Mediterranean. The popularity of the Bulletin can be gauged by the fact that we have closed contributions for Volume 27 which is due for publication by the end of 2003. We are now inviting contributions for Volume 28. The deadline for the receipt of contributions is 31 January 2004. Contributors are requested to follow the instructions carefully while preparing the manuscript. Contributions accompanied by computer diskettes using MS Word for Windows should be sent to the Editor, Dengue Bulletin, WHO/SEARO, Mahatma Gandhi Road, I. P. Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110 002, India, or by e- mail as a file attachment to the Editor at [email protected]. Readers desirous of obtaining copies of the Dengue Bulletin may contact the respective WHO Regional Offices in New Delhi or Manila or the WHO Country Representative in their country of residence. Dr Chusak Prasittisuk Regional Adviser Vector-Borne Disease Control World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi Contents 1. Sero-epidemiological Study of Dengue/Dengue 1 Haemorrhagic Fever in a Metropolitan Hospital in Bangladesh Emran Bin Yunus, Dilrose Banu, Kanak Ranjan Talukder, M Jamal Hossain Chowdhury, A Mannan Bangali and R M Montanari 2. Dengue Control in North Queensland, Australia: Case 7 Recognition and Selective Indoor Residual Spraying Scott A Ritchie, Jeffrey N Hanna, Susan L Hills, John P Piispanen, W John H McBride, Alyssa Pyke and Ross L Spark 3. Status of Dengue Control Programme in Taiwan - 2001 14 Huan-Yao Lei, Jyh-Hsiung Huang, Kao-Jean Huang and Chungming Chang 4. Time-Series Analysis of Dengue Fever/Dengue Haemorrhagic 24 Fever in Myanmar since 1991 Cho-Min-Naing, Somrat Lertmaharit and Khin-Saw-Naing 5. Dengue Patients at the Children’s Hospital: Bangkok 33 1995-1999 Review Siripen Kalayanarooj, Vanya Chansiriwongs and Suchitra Nimmannitya 6. Dengue in the Americas 44 Mary E Wilson and Lin H Chen 7. Dengue in Latin America – A Unique Situation 62 Jaime R Torres R and Carlos G Torres V 8. Dengue in Brazil: Situation-2001 and Trends 70 Maria da Glória Teixeira, Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa, Zouraide Guerra and Maurício Lima Barreto 9. Dengue Viruses in Brazil 77 Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira, Marize Pereira Miagostovich and Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr Dengue Bulletin – Vol 26, 2002 v Contents 10. Eco-epidemiological Factors Associated with Hyperendemic 84 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Maracay City, Venezuela Roberto Barrera, Nereida Delgado, Matilde Jiménez and Silvio Valero 11. How Effectively is Epidemiological Surveillance Used for 96 Dengue Programme Planning and Epidemic Response? Duane J Gubler 12. Serodiagnosis of Dengue Infection by Rapid 107 Immunochromatography Test in a Hospital Setting in Delhi, India, 1999-2001 A Chakravarti, R Kumaria, N Berry and VK Sharma 13. Study of Dengue Virus Infection in Kuwait 113 Alexander Pacsa, Abu S Mustafa and Umesh C Chaturvedi 14. Identification of Genetic Variation among Dengue Virus 118 DEN-4 Isolates with Heteroduplex Analysis Haijun Yao, Meiyu Fang, Wenzhong Zhao, Fuqin Duan, Lihui Lin, Cuihua Chen and Huiyu Guo 15. Rapid Detection of Dengue Viral RNA by Nucleic Acid 125 Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA) Wipawee Usawattanakul, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Timothy P. Endy, Ananda Nisalak, Pramuan Tapchaisri and Sornchai Looareesuwan 16. Detection of Dengue Viral RNA in Patients’ Sera by Nucleic 131 Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Wipawee Usawattanaku, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Pramuan Tapchaisri, Kanokrat Siripanichgon, Kasinee Buchachart,Amphon Hong-ngarm, Pichai Thongtaradol and Timothy P Endy 17. Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever – 140 Sri Lanka Experience G N Lucas, D H Karunatilaka, E A N Fonseka, D D S de Silva and B J C Perera 18. Inflammatory Mediators in Dengue Virus Infection: 144 Circulating Interleukin-12 and Interferon-γ M Juffrie, G M vd Meer, A J P Veerman, L G Thijs and C E Hack 19. The Interdomain Region of Dengue NS5 Protein Interacts 155 with NS3 and Host Proteins Andrew J Brooks, Magnus Johansson, Erin Criswell, David A Jans and Subhash G Vasudevan vi Dengue Bulletin – Vol 26, 2002 Contents 20. Study of Dengue Fever among Israeli Travellers 162 to Thailand Eli Schwartz 21. The Features of Imported Dengue Fever Cases Confirmed at 168 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, during 2001 Ken-Ichiro Yamada, Tomohiko Takasaki, Masaru Nawa, Reiko Nerome, Yohko T Arai, Kinjiro Morimoto and Ichiro Kurane 22. Use of Temephos for Control of Field Population of Aedes 173 aegypti in Americana São Paulo, Brazil Maria Rita Camargo Donalisio, Odair Ferreira Leite, Renata Caporale Mayo, Maria José Chinelatto Pinheiro Alves, Amauri de Souza, Osias Rangel, Valmir Roberto Andrade, Susely Salviano de Oliveira and Vera Lúcia M Matias 23. The Use of Ovitraps Baited with Hay Infusion 178 as a Surveillance Tool for Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Cambodia Karen A Polson Chris Curtis, Chang Moh Seng, James G Olson, Ngan Chantha and Sam C Rawlins 24. Mechanisms of DDT and Permethrin Resistance in Aedes 185 aegypti from Chiang Mai, Thailand La-aied Prapanthadara Nongkran Promtet, Surangchit Koottathep, Pradya Somboon, Wonnapa Suwonkerd, Lynn McCarroll,and Janet Hemingway 25. Effect of Midgut Bacterial Flora of Aedes aegypti on the 190 Susceptibility of Mosquitoes to Dengue Viruses D T Mourya V Pidiyar, M Patole, M D Gokhale and Y Shouche 26. Study of Child-Invented Health Educational Games 195 on Dengue Fever Jeffrey L Lennon and David W Coombs Book Reviews 1. Dengue Prevention and Control 203 2. DengueNet – WHO’s Internet-based System for Global 207 Surveillance of Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (Dengue/DHF) http://www.who.int/denguenet 3. Revision of International Health Regulations: 212 Progress Report, May 2002 Dengue Bulletin – Vol 26, 2002 vii Contents 4. Vaccines and Biologicals Recommendations from the 216 Strategic Advisory Group of Experts 5. Yellow-fever vaccinating Centres 217 6. Dengue Prevention and Control 218 7. Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Prevention 221 and Control Instructions for Contributors 223 viii Dengue Bulletin – Vol 26, 2002 Sero-epidemiological Study of Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in a Metropolitan Hospital in Bangladesh