DOCSLIB.ORG

OSTIV Proceedings 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
OSTIV Proceedings 2021 XXXV OSTIV CONGRESS 19 - 23 July 2021 ©Idaflieg Congress Proceedings Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP Einheitsaufnahme Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Rolf Radespiel, Till Lindner (Eds.) XXXV OSTIV Congress – Congress Program and Proceedings © 2021 ISBN 978-3-947623-42-6 Copyright notice The copyright to all contributed articles collected in this volume resides with the authors. Any reproduction – in parts or as a whole, electronically or in print – of material from within this volume requires the written consent of the author(s). Publisher of OSTIV Conference Proceedings: TU Braunschweig – Niedersächsisches Forschungszentrum für Luftfahrt Hermann-Blenk-Straße 42 • 38108 Braunschweig Tel: 0531-391-9821 Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.tu-braunschweig.de/nfl Copyright Title Page Photo: Idaflieg e.V. II Abstract The XXXV Congress of the International Scientific and Technical Organisation for Gliding (OSTIV) were held as a virtual event from 19 July – 23 July, 2021, as the COVID-19 pandemic did not allow alignment of the Congress with a World Gliding Championship. OSTIV Congresses address all scientific and technical aspects of soaring flight. The Congress 2021 featured 36 presentations from 11 countries. These contributions describe new knowledge in the meteorological fields of atmospheric convection and atmospheric waves. The presentations on sailplane technologies comprise the areas of sailplane design and performance, aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, loads, and propulsion, whereas further contributions cover various aspects of training and safety. These Congress Proceedings lead the participants through the full- week program and make extended abstracts of the presentations accessible to the public. III Foreword Welcome to the virtual OSTIV Congress 2021. Every two years the Congress offers new information and latest research results in soaring and sailplane technology of scientists and engineers from all over the world. The meeting presents unique opportunities for scientific exchange and coordination of future activities. This Congress of the year 2020 was planned to be hosted by the Deutsche Aero Club, along with the 36th FAI World Gliding Championships, in Stendal, Germany. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the 36th FAI World Gliding Championships were postponed to the year 2021, but the Championships has had to be cancelled. OSTIV is particularly thankful to Stendal’s WGC organizers, who did everything to overcome the difficulties due to COVID-19. In the end, OSTIV decided to organize the Congress as a virtual meeting. Our Call for Abstracts generated response by engineers and scientists from 11 countries worldwide. The received extended abstracts were reviewed and are presented in this proceedings booklet. We believe that an excellent program has been generated this way. For their efforts in recruiting high-quality contributions we acknowledge the members of the Program Committee: Zafer Aslan, Turkey Götz Bramesfeld, Canada Richard Carlson, USA Michael Greiner, Germany Mark Maughmer, USA Judah Milgram, USA Lukáš Popelka, Czech Republic Rolf Radespiel, Germany Gerard Robertson, New Zealand Preparing the Congress took many hours of work by the Organizing Team, consisting of Jennifer Kupke, Rolf Radespiel, Ursula Schamp. We are very thankful for their efforts. Our thanks also go to Till Lindner of Technische Universität Braunschweig for booklet editing. The OSTIV Congress is the perfect setting to bestow the OSTIV Prize 2021 and the OSTIV Best Student Paper Awards. We look forward to the Prize Ceremony and the Congress Closing Session for presenting the Award Winners. We wish all Congress participants an exciting and rewarding week. Prof. Rolf Radespiel Prof. Mark Maughmer OSTIV President OSTIV Vice President IV Table of Abstracts (in order of appearance in Program) Monday, 19 July C. Kensche: Safety Issues in Lifetime Calculations of Sailplanes ................................................................................. 1 J. Schwochow: Gust Response of Elastic Sailplanes ...................................................................................................... 4 L. M. M. Boermans, E. Lasauskas: On the gust loads of sailplanes ............................................................................... 8 A. Ultsch: Naïve transfer of ICAO’s Organizational Safety methods, such as SMS, into club-based flying might be either useless or even harmful ...................................................................................................................................... 13 D. Nadler: Improving Motorglider Safety and Reliability ........................................................................................... 14 K. Höck: Investigation about Safety in Winch Launching ........................................................................................... 15 W. Scholz, S. Leis, V. Petters, W. Würz, J. Axthelm, W. Fichter: ASASys – Anti-Stall Assistant System for Sailplanes ................................................................................................. 19 Tuesday, 20 July E. Braun: DLR’s latest research sailplane: Discus-2c DLR ........................................................................................ 23 F. Johnke, J. F. Santosa, M. Habermann: fs36 Fly-by-Wire of the Akademische Fliegergruppe Stuttgart ................ 27 W. Scholz, J. Schneider, A. Strohmayer, S. Notter, W. Fichter: icaré 2 wtp – Fly with light and control by thrust ..... 31 B. Neininger: Status report about AlpTherm_2 as a fully revised convection model .................................................. 35 O. Maas, D. Etling: On the influence of moisture on the strength of thermals: A large-eddy simulation case study .. 39 A. O. Mut, F. B. Demir, H. Temur, Z. Aslan: Examination of the Microburst Incident in Istanbul, July 2017 ........... 44 Wednesday, 21 July S. Senger, R. Klein: E-ROP electric and rotary engined hybrid plane .......................................................................... 47 Jan Pytka, A. Rypulak, Z. Czyż, R. Bąbel, K. Gierczak, Jar. Pytka, R. Kliza, K. Hryć: Experimental Verification of the PROPWING Propulsion System – First Tests of a Model Motor Glider................. 49 A. R. Ramesh, K. C. Mallette, H. Kim, B. Bissonnette, G. Bramesfeld: CREATeV: An Exploration of a Solar-Powered, Ultra-Long Endurance UAV .......................................................... 53 M. Greiner, W. Würz: Laminar separation bubbles at unsteady inflow conditions – a status report .......................... 57 F. El Tin: Sink Polar Analysis for Unmanned Aerial Gliders using the USAF Datacom ............................................ 62 L. Metkowski, M. Maughmer: A Design Study on the Application of Slotted, Natural-Laminar-Flow Airfoils on 18-Meter Sailplanes.................... 63 I. Weisheit: Microbiological examination of aeroplane control elements .................................................................... 69 T. Weigelt: Experiences from Flight Testing in the Idaflieg ........................................................................................ 72 Thursday, 22 July T. Lindner, C. Rolffs, N. Dierksen, R. Ökzüz, S. Scheffler, O. Dorn: Proceedings in the Development of a Crashworthy Glider Cockpit ............................................................................ 75 L. Fohlmeister, T. J. Adam, B. Schwarz: Optical deformation measurement of a two-seater cockpit under emergency landing conditions during a quasi-static load test ........................................................................................................ 78 M. Melville, G. Bramesfeld, J. Cole: An Integrated Flight Dynamic Model for Flexible Aircraft .............................. 82 B. Neininger, A. de Orleans-Borbon: A climatology of soaring conditions in Eurasia ............................................... 87 C. Lindemann: Wave Flying Experiences - Examples of Observations and its Interpretation .................................... 91 E. Hindman: Ascend Mount Everest via paraglider? ................................................................................................... 93 S. ÇİL, H. Q. Adeeb, R. A. Al-bayati: Satellite Observation of a Deep Convective Storm Top at Kastamonu, Turkey - A Case Study. ................................ 97 V J.-M. Clément: Discovering the Tropical Gravity Wave ............................................................................................. 99 Friday, 23 July M. Greiner: Two birds with one stone (and one trailer) ............................................................................................ 102 K. Rohde-Brandenburger: Inflight Measurements of Control Surface Deflection in Circling Flight ........................ 106 F. Sturm, M. Hornung: Morphing Shell Design of a Sailplane with a Morphing Forward Wing Section ................. 109 O. P. Neto, G. Pogorzelski, A. M. Neves: A numerical method for kinematic and structural optimization of sailplane mechanical flight control systems ....... 113 J. Condé-Wolter, P. J. Steinbild, P. Kostka, T. Ehrig, A. Winkler, N. Modler, F. Sell: Load monitoring for sailplanes utilizing an innovative carbon fibre-based, spatially resolved strain sensor ............ 117 VI VII OSTIV Congress 2021 Abstracts 19 July 2021 Safety Issues in Lifetime Calculations of Sailplanes Christoph Kensche Stuttgart, [email protected]
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Peaks in 2001. a Press Release from Kathmandu on April 10 Declared That His Majesty's Government Would Open 15 New Peaks W
    396 T HE A MERICAN A LPINE J OURNAL, 2002 Nepal New peaks in 2001. A press release from Kathmandu on April 10 declared that His Majesty’s Government would open 15 new peaks within one week and 50 more during the post monsoon season. However, after the spring season was underway the Government announced the opening of just nine peaks with immediate effect. This is the first time any peaks have been opened while a climbing season was in progress. These nine peaks comprised six in the Khumbu and one each in the Manaslu, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri regions. The peaks listed were: Lhotse Middle Lhotse Middle, 8413m, just opened and already climbed (8413m), Peak 38 (Shartse II: 7590m), (see full story earlier in the journal). Yuri Koshelenko Hungchi (7136m), Numri (6677m), Teng Kangpoche (6500m), and Nhe Serku (5927m), all in the Khumbu, plus P2 (6251m) in the Manaslu region, Thorang Peak (5751m) in the Annapurna region, and Thapa Peak (6012m) in the Dhaulagiri region. New Peaks for 2002. The Government of Nepal officially announced the opening of 103 additional peaks to foreign expeditions. The announcement came on Christmas Eve 2001 and took effect from March 1, 2002. Unlike the 10 peaks brought on to the list in 1998 (Visit Nepal Year) for a two-year period only, it is reported these new additions will be permanent. Speaking in Kathmandu, Ganesh Raj Karki, Chief of the Mountaineering Department at the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, said,“This would not only help promote Nepal as the prime destination for mountaineering but also help development of the areas around these mountains.” Together with the nine peaks added to the list in spring 2001, mountaineers will now be allowed to climb 263 peaks throughout the Nepal Himalaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer
    http://outsideonline.com/outside/destinations/199609/travel-pf-199609_into_thin_air_1-sidWCMDEV_049618.html Go OCT FEB MAR � ⍰ ❎ 45 captures 18 f � 29 Aug 2010 - 4 Mar 2019 2010 2011 2012 ▾ About this capture Outside Magazine September 1996 True Everest Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer Everest deals with trespassers harshly: the dead vanish beneath the snows. While the living struggle to explain what happened. And why. A survivor of the mountain's worst disaster examines the business of Mount Everest and the steep price of ambition. By Jon Krakauer Straddling the top of the world, one foot in Tibet and the other in Nepal, I cleared the ice from my oxygen mask, hunched a shoulder against the wind, and stared absently at the vast sweep of earth below. I understood on some dim, detached level that it was a spectacular sight. I'd been fantasizing about this moment, and the release of emotion that would accompany it, for many months. But now that I was finally here, standing on the summit of Mount Everest, I just couldn't summon the energy to care. It was the afternoon of May 10. I hadn't slept in 57 hours. The only food I'd been able to force down over the preceding three days was a bowl of Ramen soup and a handful of peanut M&M;'s. Weeks of violent coughing had left me with two separated ribs, making it excruciatingly painful to breathe. Twenty-nine thousand twenty-eight feet up in the troposphere, there was so little oxygen reaching my brain that my mental capacity was that of a slow child.
    [Show full text]
  • Biofuels, Electrofuels, Electric Or Carbon-Free?: a Review of Current
    1Biofuels, Electrofuels, Electric or Carbon-free?: A review of current and emerging Sustainable 2Energy Sourcing for Aviation (SESA) 3Pimchanok Su-ungkavatin1*, Ligia Barna1, Lorie Hamelin1 41 Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 5Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France 6* Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] 7Abstract 8Climate neutrality is becoming a core long-term competitiveness factor within the aviation industry, as demonstrated 9by the several innovations and targets set within that sector, prior to and especially after the COVID-19 crisis. 10Ambitious timelines are set, involving important investment decisions to be taken in a 5-years horizon time. Here, 11we provide an in-depth review of alternative energy sourcing technologies for aviation revealed to date, which we 12classified into three main categories, namely liquid fuels (biofuels, electrofuels), electric aviation (all electric and 13hybrid), and carbon-free options (hydrogen-based, solar-powered). For liquid fuels, 10 pathways were reviewed, for 14which we supply the detailed process flow picturing all input, output, and co-products generated. The market uptake 15and use of these co-products were also investigated, along with the overall international regulations and targets for 16future aviation. As most of the inventoried pathways require hydrogen, we further reviewed six existing and 17emerging carbon-free hydrogen production technologies. Our review also details the five key battery technologies 18available (lithium-ion, advanced lithium-ion, solid-state battery, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air) for aviation, as well as 19the possible configuration schemes for electric propulsion (parallel electric hybrid, series electric hybrid, all electric, 20partial turboelectric and full turboelectric) and reflects upon the inclusion of hydrogen-powered fuel cells with these 21configurations.
    [Show full text]
  • Possibilities of Airframe Structures Cost Saving Through Reducing Number of Fasteners
    Possibilities of airframe structures cost saving through reducing number of fasteners RŮŽEK Roman1,a, DOUBRAVA Radek1,b, KRUSE-STRACK Thomas2,c and KOERWIEN Thomas3,d 1Czech Aerospace Research Centre, Strength of Structure Department; Beranových 130, 199 05 Praha - Letňany, Czech Republic 2 Airbus Operations GmbH, Airframe Research & Technology, Kreetslag 10 21129 Hamburg Germany 3 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Materials & Processes, Rechliner Str., 85077 Manching, Germany [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], d [email protected] Keywords: Key, Word, Paper, Best conference, Contribution template (maximum of 5) Abstract. Reduction of numbers of mechanical fasteners together with bonding technology application can be one of the possibilities how to decrease costs of the structure. In the paper, results based on fatigue testing of novel design approaches for damage tolerant high load transfer (HLT) joints, as e.g. panel joints, are discussed for carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) adherents. Fatigue experimental results and numerical simulations of Wide Single Lap Shear (WSLS) specimen are presented for different configurations to proof the crack stopping behaviour of "state of the art" fasteners as reference crack arrestor concept. Introduction One of the main aims of designers is application of cost-effective strategies. The composite structures can lower costs of an airframe significantly, but there are some obstacles to adopt of advanced technologies like adhesive bonding or welding and prevent to use full strength capabilities of these technologies to real structures. Nowadays, there is no fully certified bonded technology applicable to full-scale airframe structure which comply airworthiness regulations from viewpoint of damage tolerance criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Nautical Education for Offshore Cxtractivc
    Lso-B-7i-ooz NAUTICALEDUCATION FOR OFFSHORE CXTRACTIVC INDUSTRIES RV G-H.HOFFMANN WITH FREDTOWNSEND AND WARREN NORVILLE 5' GRAHT PUI3I.ICATIOHHO. LSU-II-77-OL C6NTCRfOR WETLAND RESOURCES ~ LOUISIANA STATC UNIVf RSIEY ~ BATON ROUCIC, LOUISIANA 7000 NAUTICAL EDUCATION FOR THE V~M$pQog767 QoM G. H. Ho f fmann with Fred Townsend and Warren Norville LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR WETLAND RESOURCES BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 Sea Grant Publication No. LSU-8-77-001 September 1977 This work is a result of research sponsored jointly by the Terrebonne Parish School Board and the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. CONTENTS List of Figures List of Tables Vi Acknowledgments Beginnings of the Oil Industry 1 2 The Offshore Revolution Drilling a Wildcat Well The Petr omar ine Fleet 46 6 4.1 Tankers 4.2 Seagoing Tank Barges and Tugs ll 4.3 Inland Tank Barges and Towboats 13 4.4 Inland Drilling Barges 16 4.5 Offshore Drilling Tenders 16 4.6 Submersible Drilling Vessels 17 4.7 3ack-up DrilIing Barges 18 4.8 Semi-Submersible Drilling Vessels 19 4.9 Drill Ships 20 4.10 Crewboats 27 4.11 Supply vessels 28 4.12 Tugs 30 4.13 Derrick Barges 31 4.I4 Pipelaying Barges 31 4.15 Air Cushion Vehicles ACV! 37 Producing Oil and Gas 37 Design Procedures 44 6.1 Owner Requirements 44 6.2 Design Drawings and Specifications 45 6.3 Regulatory Agencies 49 6.4 Design Calculations 54 6.5 The Measurements of a Ship 60 6.6 Free Surface 68 6.7 Model Testing 69 Construction Procedure 70 7.1 Estimating 70 7.2 Working Plans 72 7.3 Production 74 7.4 Inspection 76 7.5 Trials and Tests 78 Delivery 80 Stability and Trim 82 9.1 Stability 82 9.2 Transverse Metacenter 86 9.3 Calculating GM 87 9.4 KM and KG 88 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathy O’Dowd
    Cathy O'Dowd The First Woman to Summit Everest from North & South Sides The first woman to conquer both the north and south sides of Everest Cathy O'Dowd is the first woman in the world to climb Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain, from both its north and south sides. Her first ascent of Everest happened in the midst of the chaoc events that form of the basis of the 'true story' behind the Hollywood movie Everest. TOPICS: IN DETAIL: Remote Keynoting Cathy, who grew up in South Africa, was compleng her Masters degree in Reaching New Heights: Teamwork and Journalism, while working as a university lecturer, when she saw a newspaper Leadership from the Slopes of Mount advert for a place on the 1st South African Everest Expedion. Six months later Everest she was the first South African to summit Everest and three years later she Think Like An Explorer: Doing What became the first woman in the world to climb the mountain from both sides. Has Never Been Done Before Finally she made one last expedion to Everest to try a new route on the Goal Setting Kangshung face. Cathy was also part of the team that did the first ascent of Motivation and Inspiration Nanga Parbat via the Mazeno ridge. Cathy is a Fellow of the Professional Overcoming Obstacles Speaking Assoc. who has given her their highest award, the Professional Speaking Leadership in Uncertainty Award of Excellence. Change Management WHAT SHE OFFERS YOU: LANGUAGES: Cathy shares her insights about individuals and teams under intense stress in the She presents in English and Spanish.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints
    The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints (1) ‘Monks and the Administrator at Shekar Tschöde Monastery.’ Photographer: Charles Kenneth Howard-Bury (1881-1963) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0339 TO ORDER For provenance and edition information please contact: [email protected] The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints (2) ‘Members of Expedition at 17,300 ft. Camp.’ Top, left to right: Wollaston, Howard-Bury, Heron, Raeburn. Bottom, left to right: Mallory, Wheeler, Bullock, Morshead. Photographer: Alexander Frederick Richmond Wollaston (1875-1930) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0396 TO ORDER For provenance and edition information please contact: [email protected] The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints (3) ‘A group of Bhutias, Linga.' Photographer: George Leigh Mallory (1886-1924) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0587 TO ORDER For provenance and edition information please contact: [email protected] The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints (4) ‘The Abbot of Shekar Chote.’ Photographer: Charles Kenneth Howard-Bury (1881-1963) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0327 TO ORDER For provenance and edition information please contact: [email protected] The 1921 British Mount Everest Expedition Limited Edition Platinum Prints (5) Above: Untitled. Photographer: George Leigh Mallory (1886-1924) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0907 Below: ‘Looking down Arun Valley from slopes south of Shiling.’ Photographer: George Leigh Mallory (1886-1924) Celluloid Negative, MEE21/0641
    [Show full text]
  • 1976 Bicentennial Mckinley South Buttress Expedition
    THE MOUNTAINEER • Cover:Mowich Glacier Art Wolfe The Mountaineer EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Verna Ness, Editor; Herb Belanger, Don Brooks, Garth Ferber. Trudi Ferber, Bill French, Jr., Christa Lewis, Mariann Schmitt, Paul Seeman, Loretta Slater, Roseanne Stukel, Mary Jane Ware. Writing, graphics and photographs should be submitted to the Annual Editor, The Mountaineer, at the address below, before January 15, 1978 for consideration. Photographs should be black and white prints, at least 5 x 7 inches, with caption and photo­ grapher's name on back. Manuscripts should be typed double· spaced, with at least 1 Y:z inch margins, and include writer's name, address and phone number. Graphics should have caption and artist's name on back. Manuscripts cannot be returned. Properly identified photographs and graphics will be returnedabout June. Copyright © 1977, The Mountaineers. Entered as second·class matter April8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Washington, under the act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly, except July, when semi-monthly, by The Mountaineers, 719 Pike Street,Seattle, Washington 98101. Subscription price, monthly bulletin and annual, $6.00 per year. ISBN 0-916890-52-X 2 THE MOUNTAINEERS PURPOSES To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanentform the history and tra­ ditions of thisregion; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of NorthwestAmerica; To make expeditions into these regions in fulfill­ ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all loversof outdoor life. 0 � . �·' ' :···_I·:_ Red Heather ' J BJ. Packard 3 The Mountaineer At FerryBasin B.
    [Show full text]
  • Everest​ ​Kangshung​ ​Face​ ​Trek
    Everest Kangshung Face Trek ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Day 01: Arrive in Lhasa (3,650 m / 11,972 ft) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Upon your arrival in Lhasa, a representative from Upper-Himalayan Treks and Adventure will ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ meet you at an agreed upon location. From here we will travel to a hotel and check into our ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ rooms. Due to the altitude of Lhasa (11,972 ft), we recommend taking the rest of the day to ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ acclimate. Day 02: Go Sightseeing in Lhasa: Potala Palace, Norbulingka Palace and Tibet Traditional ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hospital: 5 - 6 hours ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Today, we visit the former residences of the Dalai Lama. Potala Palace was built in the 17th ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ century and is known for its views of Lhasa. The palace is filled with numerous state rooms, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ chapels, and remarkable works of art. Norbulingka Palace was the summer residence of the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalai Lama. It hosts the largest garden in Tibet. From Norbulingka Palace, we visit a traditional ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Tibetan hospital, which is the center for research and production of traditional Tibetan medicine. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ We spend the
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Optimization of High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Trajectories Under Station-Keeping Constraints" (2018)
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 2018-11 Dynamic Optimization of High-Altitude Solar Aircraft rT ajectories Under Station-Keeping Constraints Abraham Martin Brigham Young University Nathaniel Gates Brigham Young University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Original Publication Citation Martin, R. A., Gates, N. S., Ning, A., and Hedengren, J. D., “Dynamic Optimization of High-Altitude Solar Aircraft rT ajectories Under Station-Keeping Constraints,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Nov. 2018. doi:10.2514/1.G003737 BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Martin, Abraham; Gates, Nathaniel; Ning, Andrew; and Hedengren, John, "Dynamic Optimization of High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Trajectories Under Station-Keeping Constraints" (2018). All Faculty Publications. 2938. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2938 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Authors Abraham Martin, Nathaniel Gates, Andrew Ning, and John Hedengren This peer-reviewed article is available at BYU ScholarsArchive: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2938 Dynamic Optimization of High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Trajectories Under Station-Keeping Constraints R. Abraham Martin∗, Nathaniel S. Gates†, Andrew Ning‡, and John D. Hedengren§ Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602 This paper demonstrates the use of nonlinear dynamic optimization to calculate energy- optimal trajectories for a high-altitude, solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The objective is to maximize the total energy in the system while staying within a 3 km mission radius and meeting other system constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatigue Behavior and Damage Tolerant Design of Bonded Joints for Aerospace Application on Fiber Metal Laminates and Composites
    29th ICAF Symposium – Nagoya, 7–9 June 2017 Fatigue behavior and damage tolerant design of bonded joints for aerospace application on Fiber Metal Laminates and composites Kruse, Thomas 1, Thomas Körwien², Roman Ruzek³, Robert Hangx1, Calvin Rans1 1 Technical University of Delft, Netherlands 2Airbus Defence and Space, Germany ³VZLU, Czech Republic Abstract: Today, the application of adhesive bonding technology for primary aerospace structures is limited due to the certification regulations. State of the art is the widely used “chicken rivet” as crack arrestor which is limiting the benefits of bonding technology, particularly in composite bonded joints. In this paper results from fatigue testing of novel design approaches for damage tolerant high load transfer (HLT) joints as e.g. Panel Joints or large bonded repairs will be discussed for CFRP and for Fiber Matel Laminates´(FML) adherents. Results from fatigue testing with Wide Single Lapshear (WSLS) specimen will be presented for different configurations to proof the crack stopping behavior of sate of the art fasteners as reference crack arrestor concept. STATE OF THE ART BONDING TECHNOLOGY With the entry into service of the A350XWB a consequent evolution of the usage of CFRP for primary structures within Airbus Group has reached the next milestone. After a long and excellent experience with CFRP in civil and military applications, first applied on secondary structures and since 1983 for the vertical stabilizer as first major primary structural component for civil aircrafts, Airbus Group has now reached the next step in the transition from a metallic to a composite aircraft with the first CFRP fuselage of an Airbus aircraft on A350 XWB.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modernisation of Elite British Mountaineering
    The Modernisation of Elite British Mountaineering: Entrepreneurship, Commercialisation and the Career Climber, 1953-2000 Thomas P. Barcham Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of De Montfort University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submission date: March 2018 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 5 Table of Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................... 6 Table of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 14 Definitions, Methodology and Structure ........................................................................................ 29 Chapter 2. 1953 to 1969 - Breaking a New Trail: The Early Search for Earnings in a Fast Changing Pursuit ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]