Interpreting Access and Authorization in Computer Misuse Statutes
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Identity Theft Literature Review
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Identity Theft Literature Review Author(s): Graeme R. Newman, Megan M. McNally Document No.: 210459 Date Received: July 2005 Award Number: 2005-TO-008 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. IDENTITY THEFT LITERATURE REVIEW Prepared for presentation and discussion at the National Institute of Justice Focus Group Meeting to develop a research agenda to identify the most effective avenues of research that will impact on prevention, harm reduction and enforcement January 27-28, 2005 Graeme R. Newman School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany Megan M. McNally School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark This project was supported by Contract #2005-TO-008 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Are the Current Computer Crime Laws Sufficient Or Should the Writing of Virus Code Be Prohibited?
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 18 Volume XVIII Number 3 Volume XVIII Book 3 Article 8 2008 Are the Current Computer Crime Laws Sufficient or Should the Writing of Virus Code Be Prohibited? Robert J. Kroczynski Fordham University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Robert J. Kroczynski, Are the Current Computer Crime Laws Sufficient or Should theriting W of Virus Code Be Prohibited?, 18 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 817 (2008). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol18/iss3/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Are the Current Computer Crime Laws Sufficient or Should theriting W of Virus Code Be Prohibited? Cover Page Footnote Alexander Southwell, Shari Sckolnick This note is available in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol18/iss3/8 KROCZYNSKI_022508_FINAL 2/25/2008 7:20:52 PM Are the Current Computer Crime Laws Sufficient or Should the Writing of Virus Code Be Prohibited? Robert J. Kroczynski* INTRODUCTION .............................................................................818 I. BACKGROUND OF CYBERCRIME AND VIRUSES........................820 A. DEFINITION OF VIRUSES AND TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS ....822 1. -
Opentext Product Security Assurance Program
The Information Company ™ Product Security Assurance Program Contents Objective 03 Scope 03 Sources 03 Introduction 03 Concept and design 04 Development 05 Testing and quality assurance 07 Maintain and support 09 Partnership and responsibility 10 Privavy and Security Policy 11 Product Security Assurance Program 2/11 Objective The goals of the OpenText Product Security Assurance Program (PSAP) are to help ensure that all products, solutions, and services are designed, developed, and maintained with security in mind, and to provide OpenText customers with the assurance that their important assets and information are protected at all times. This document provides a general, public overview of the key aspects and components of the PSAP program. Scope The scope of the PSAP includes all software solutions designed and developed by OpenText and its subsidiaries. All OpenText employees are responsible to uphold and participate in this program. Sources The source of this overview document is the PSAP Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). This SOP is highly confidential in nature, for internal OpenText consumption only. This overview document represents the aspects that are able to be shared with OpenText customers and partners. Introduction OpenText is committed to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its customer information. OpenText believes that the foundation of a highly secure system is that the security is built in to the software from the initial stages of its concept, design, development, deployment, and beyond. In this respect, -
Address Munging: the Practice of Disguising, Or Munging, an E-Mail Address to Prevent It Being Automatically Collected and Used
Address Munging: the practice of disguising, or munging, an e-mail address to prevent it being automatically collected and used as a target for people and organizations that send unsolicited bulk e-mail address. Adware: or advertising-supported software is any software package which automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertising material to a computer after the software is installed on it or while the application is being used. Some types of adware are also spyware and can be classified as privacy-invasive software. Adware is software designed to force pre-chosen ads to display on your system. Some adware is designed to be malicious and will pop up ads with such speed and frequency that they seem to be taking over everything, slowing down your system and tying up all of your system resources. When adware is coupled with spyware, it can be a frustrating ride, to say the least. Backdoor: in a computer system (or cryptosystem or algorithm) is a method of bypassing normal authentication, securing remote access to a computer, obtaining access to plaintext, and so on, while attempting to remain undetected. The backdoor may take the form of an installed program (e.g., Back Orifice), or could be a modification to an existing program or hardware device. A back door is a point of entry that circumvents normal security and can be used by a cracker to access a network or computer system. Usually back doors are created by system developers as shortcuts to speed access through security during the development stage and then are overlooked and never properly removed during final implementation. -
Orin2 Programming Guide PDF Download
ORiN 2 programming guide - 1 - ORiN2 Programming guide Version 1.0.19.0 June 18, 2019 [Remarks] Some items might not be installed depending on the package you have. ORiN Forum DENSO WAVE Inc. ORiN 2 programming guide - 2 - [Revision history] Date Version Content 2005-05-09 1.0.0.0 First edition. 2006-08-21 1.0.1.0 Add the way to register CAO RCW into GAC under .NET framework 2.0. 2007-04-23 1.0.2.0 ORiN Installer registers CAO and CaoSQL RCW into GAC. 2008-07-16 1.0.3.0 Add some descriptions 2009-06-12 1.0.4.0 Add Import and Export commands to save settings. 2009-07-31 1.0.5.0 Add the way to register CAO RCW into GAC under .NET framework 2.0. 2010-02-10 1.0.6.0 Add description on LabVIEW 2010-06-08 1.0.7.0 Add the way to confirm an installation state of ORiN2 SDK. 2011-04-27 1.0.8.0 Add a sample code in C#. 2011-12-22 1.0.9.0 Add an error code. 2012-07-10 1.0.10.0 Add an error code. 2012-08-24 1.0.11.0 Modify an error code 2012-09-07 1.0.12.0 Modify an error code 2014-01-20 1.0.13.0 Add an error code. Add an integration into Visual Studio 2014-09-22 1.0.14.0 Add an error code. 2015-11-04 1.0.15.0 Add SysLog output of CAO log. -
FANS: Fuzzing Android Native System Services Via Automated Interface Analysis
FANS: Fuzzing Android Native System Services via Automated Interface Analysis Baozheng Liu1;2,∗ Chao Zhang1;2 , Guang Gong3, Yishun Zeng1;2, Haifeng Ruan4, Jianwei Zhuge1;2 1Institute of Network Science and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University [email protected] 2Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology [email protected] 3Alpha Lab, 360 Internet Security Center 4Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University Abstract 1 Introduction Android has become the most popular mobile operating sys- Android native system services provide essential supports and tem, taking over 85% markets according to International Data fundamental functionalities for user apps. Finding vulnerabil- Corporation1. The most fundamental functions of Android ities in them is crucial for Android security. Fuzzing is one of are provided by Android system services, e.g., the camera the most popular vulnerability discovery solutions, yet faces service. Until October 2019, hundreds of vulnerabilities re- several challenges when applied to Android native system lated to Android system services had been reported to Google, services. First, such services are invoked via a special inter- revealing that Android system services are still vulnerable and process communication (IPC) mechanism, namely binder, attractive for attackers. A large portion of these vulnerabilities via service-specific interfaces. Thus, the fuzzer has to recog- reside in native system services, i.e., those mainly written in nize all interfaces and generate interface-specific test cases C++. Vulnerabilities in Android native system services could automatically. Second, effective test cases should satisfy the allow remote attackers to compromise the Android system, interface model of each interface. Third, the test cases should e.g., performing privilege escalation, by means of launching also satisfy the semantic requirements, including variable IPC requests with crafted inputs from third-party applications. -
A United States Perspective on the Ethical and Legal Issues of Spyware Janice C
A United States Perspective on the Ethical and Legal Issues of Spyware Janice C. Sipior Burke T. Ward Georgina R. Roselli College of Commerce & Finance College of Commerce & Finance College of Commerce & Finance Villanova University Villanova University Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085 USA Villanova, PA 19085 USA Villanova, PA 19085 USA +1-610-519-4347 +1-610-519-4375 +1-610-519-4347 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT While information concerning user characteristics and Spyware is regarded as the largest threat to internet users since preferences may be used beneficially to improve product and spam, yet most users do not even know spyware is on their service offerings, the surreptitious nature of its acquisition personal computers. Ethical and legal concerns associated with coupled with no indication of its intended use may raise ethical spyware call for a response. A balance must be found between and legal issues regarding its acceptability. Ethically, spyware legitimate interests of spyware installers, who have obtained installers have an obligation to users to obtain informed consent informed consent of users who accept advertisements or other for the collection and use of personal information. However, in marketing devices, and users who are unwitting targets. the commercially competitive environment of electronic Currently, there is not widespread awareness or understanding commerce, information gathering may be undertaken without of the existence of spyware, its effects, and what remedies are users’ knowledge or permission. available to defend against it. For industry sectors subject to For industry sectors which are subject to data collection laws, data collection and protection laws, spyware results in “spyware can be an unwitting avenue to noncompliance” [9]. -
New Robot Strategy
New Robot Strategy Japan’s Robot Strategy - Vision, Strategy, Action Plan - The Headquarters for Japan’s Economic Revitalization 10/2/2015 Part I General Statement ................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1 Prologue ...................................................................................... 2 Section 1 Current situation surrounding “Japan as a robotics superpower” .................................................................................................. 2 Section 2 Drastic transformation of robots and Japan’s future .................. 4 Section 3 Goal of robot revolution ............................................................. 7 Chapter 2 Measures for realization of robot revolution ...............................11 Section 1 Robot creativity – Thorough reinforcement of robots in Japan .11 Section 2 Utilization and popularization of robots – “Daily life with robots” across Japan ........................................................................... 13 Section 3 Development and progress of robot revolution on global perspectives – Toward new advanced IT society .................... 16 Part II Action Plan: Five-year Plan ................................................................. 18 Chapter 1 Cross-Cutting Issues ................................................................. 18 Section 1 Establishment of "Robot Revolution Initiative (RRI)" ............... 18 Section 2 Technology development toward the next generation ............. 20 Section 3 Policy -
Authentication and Authorization for Mobile Devices
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv Authentication and Authorization for Mobile Devices Bachelor of Science Thesis in Software Engineering and Management NAVID RANJBAR MAHDI ABDINEJADI The Author grants to Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg the non-exclusive right to publish the Work electronically and in a non-commercial purpose make it accessible on the Internet. The Author warrants that he/she is the author to the Work, and warrants that the Work does not contain text, pictures or other material that violates copyright law. The Author shall, when transferring the rights of the Work to a third party (for example a publisher or a company), acknowledge the third party about this agreement. If the Author has signed a copyright agreement with a third party regarding the Work, the Author warrants hereby that he/she has obtained any necessary permission from this third party to let Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg store the Work electronically and make it accessible on the Internet. Authentication and Authorization for Mobile Devices NAVID RANJBAR MAHDI ABDINEJADI © NAVID RANJBAR, June 2012. © MAHDI ABDINEJADI, June 2012. Examiner: HELENA HOLMSTRÖM OLSSON University of Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg, Sweden June 2012 2 Authentication and Authorization for Mobile Devices Navid Ranjbar Mahdi Abdinejadi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Nowadays market demand forces companies to adapt to mobile technology. -
Identification, Authentication and Authorization on the World Wide Web1
Identification, Authentication and Authorization 1 on the World Wide Web An ICSA White Paper M. E. Kabay, PhD [,CISSP-ISSMP] [formerly] Director of Education, 2 International Computer Security Association Executive summary The buying public are leery of engaging in electronic commerce largely because they worry that their electronic transactions will be insecure. Observers of the growing field of e-commerce concur that lack of consumer confidence is the key stumbling block to continued growth of business on the World Wide Web. Both merchants and clients need to be confident of the identity of the people and institutions with which they are doing business. At a technical level, these concerns focus on identification, authentication and authorization. Identification consists of providing a unique identifier for automated systems; authentication consists of correlating this electronic identity to a real-world, legally-binding identity; and authorization consists of assigning rights to the authenticated identifier. Encryption technologies play a crucial role in protecting confidentiality, integrity and authenticity in cyberspace. Standards for labeling Web sites' compliance with privacy policies help consumers judge where to do business. Digital certificates and electronic cash of various kinds allow authorization for purchases with varying degrees of assurance for customer privacy. Single sign-on systems allow clients to establish and prove their identity once and then shop at several electronic locations without further inconvenience. Systems for extending the content and flexibility of digital certificates allow Web sites to tailor their services more closely to the needs and demands of their clientele. 1 This paper was published in 1997. Ten years later, colleagues asked me to ensure that it would be available on my Web site, so I dug it out of my archives and reformatted it and converted the end-notes to footnotes. -
Computer Crime and Computer Fraud
Computer Crime and Computer Fraud University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Fall, 2004 Report to the Montgomery County Criminal Justice Coordinating Commission By Michael Kunz & Patrick Wilson This report was prepared in part as fulfillment of requirements in CCJS 604 and CCJS 605 for the Professional Masters Degree in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. We express thanks to Dr. Charles Wellford, Dr. Doris MacKenzie, and Jean McGloin for assistance with this report. 2 Executive Summary The past several decades have brought a vast increase in the availability of electronic resources. With this increased availability has come a new form of criminal activity that takes advantage of electronic resources, namely computer crime and computer fraud. Currently, these new forms of crime are burgeoning and pose a new and lasting challenge to law enforcement agencies at all levels in how to prevent, investigate, and prosecute these crimes. Law enforcement agencies from the local to the federal level are beginning to institute specific units devoted to handling computer-related offenses, but there does not currently exist a uniform method to define and address computer crime and computer fraud. With this case study, we intend to analyze what the current level of understanding is regarding computer crime and computer fraud, as well as what is being done by law enforcement agencies to deal with these offenses. Using this information, we provided specific recommendations regarding computer-related offenses in the future including: • Uniform definition • Organizational requirements and procedures • Tools necessary to successful operation of computer crime units 3 Introduction Throughout the past several decades there have been numerous advances in electronic resources. -
19-783 Van Buren V. United States (06/03/2021)
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2020 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus VAN BUREN v. UNITED STATES CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 19–783. Argued November 30, 2020—Decided June 3, 2021 Former Georgia police sergeant Nathan Van Buren used his patrol-car computer to access a law enforcement database to retrieve information about a particular license plate number in exchange for money. Alt- hough Van Buren used his own, valid credentials to perform the search, his conduct violated a department policy against obtaining da- tabase information for non-law-enforcement purposes. Unbeknownst to Van Buren, his actions were part of a Federal Bureau of Investiga- tion sting operation. Van Buren was charged with a felony violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (CFAA), which subjects to criminal liability anyone who “intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized access.” 18 U. S. C. §1030(a)(2). The term “exceeds authorized access” is defined to mean “to access a computer with authorization and to use such access to ob- tain or alter information in the computer that the accesser is not enti- tled so to obtain or alter.” §1030(e)(6).