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THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY in NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash Report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY IN NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS The Public Monetary Authority (PMA) is a rebranding of the Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS)'s General Institution for Cash Management and Customer Protection (CMCP) which was established in May 2017. The PMA imposed a mandatory registration on currency exchange and hawala companies and classified them into three main categories depending on the size of their financial capital. The PMA has the right to supervise, monitor, and inspect monetary transactions, data, records and documents of licensed companies to ensure compliance with the PMA’s regulations, during the validity period of the license, or even if the license was terminated or revoked. Licensed companies must provide the PMA with a monthly report detailing incoming and outcoming financial remittances and must maintain financial liquidity ranging from 25% to 50% of the company's financial value in US dollars at the PMA custody at all times. Financial transfers made in Turkish lira will include the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), as the currency will be brought in from the SSG's Sham Bank. This is not the case of financial transfers made in other currencies including the US dollar. The intervention of the PMA in hawala networks has profound implications for humanitarian organizations operating in northwestern Syria, however hawala agents, particularly in medium to large agencies, can reject the PMA's monitoring and control requirements. INTRODUCTION constant price fluctuation", according to interviews To mitigate the impact of the rapid and continuous published on local media agencies. collapse of the Syrian pound, which exceeded 3,000 SYP per USD in early July 2020, local authorities in Local authorities however have not explained the northwest Syria have decided instead to trade political aspect of this shift with regards to its effect using the Turkish lira. -
Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
War Economy in Syria Study
War Economy in Syria Study 1 War Economy in Syria Study 1 War Economy in Syria Study .................................................................................................................. ............................ .......... ......................................... ............................ .................................................................................................................... ........................................ ................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ....... ............................................................................................................. .................................................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................... ...................................................................... .............................................................................................. ..................................................................................................... -
Deir-Ez-Zor Governorate - Gender-Based Violence Snapshot, January - June 2016
Deir-ez-Zor Governorate - Gender-Based Violence Snapshot, January - June 2016 Total Population: 0.94 mio No. of Sub-Districts: 14 Total Female Population: 0.46 mio No. of Communities: 133 Total Population > Age of 18: 0.41 mio No. of Hard-to-Reach Locations: 133 IDPs: 0.32 mio No. of Besieged Locations: 0 People in Need: 0.75 mio GOVERNORATE HIGHLIGHTS & CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES: Ar-Raqqa P ! • Several GBV training sessions were provided in Basira, Kisreh and Sur ! sub-districts Kisreh Tabni Sur Deir-ez-Zor P Deir-ez-Zor Khasham Basira NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BY ACTIVITY IN EACH SUB-DISTRICT Awareness Raising Dignity Kits Distribution Psychosocial Support IRAQIRAQ Skills Building & Livelihoods Specialised Response Muhasan Thiban P Governorate Capitals Governorate Boundaries Al Mayadin District Boundaries Sub-District Boundaries Hajin Ashara GBV Reach !1 -!>5 Women and Girls Safe Spaces (Jun 2016) 1 1 1 !1 - >5 Women and Girls Safe Spaces (Jan-May 2016) Jalaa ! Areas of Influence (AoI) Syria Susat Contested Areas Golan Heights Abu Kamal Government (SAA) ´ ISIS-affiliated groups A S H A R A D E I R - E Z - Z O R M U H A S A N Kurdish Forces NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BY HUB IN EACH SUB -DISTRICT Non-state armed groups and ANF Amman Hub Damascus Hub Gaziantep Hub Unspecified Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsment. This map is based on available data 0 12.5 25 50 km at sub-district level only. Information visualized on this map is not to be considered complete or geographically correct. -
Control of Terrain in Syria: February 9, 2015
Control of Terrain in Syria: February 9, 2015 Ain-Diwar Ayn al-Arab Bab al-Salama Qamishli Harem Jarablus Ras al-Ayn Yarubiya Salqin Azaz Tal Abyad Bab al-Hawa Manbij Darkush al-Bab Jisr ash-Shughour Aleppo Hasakah Idlib Kuweiris Airbase Kasab Saraqib ash-Shadadi Ariha Jabal al-Zawiyah Maskana ar-Raqqa Ma’arat al-Nu’man Latakia Khan Sheikhoun Mahardeh Morek Markadeh Hama Deir ez-Zour Tartous Homs S y r i a al-Mayadin Dabussiya Palmyra Tal Kalakh Jussiyeh Abu Kamal Zabadani Yabrud Key Regime Controlled Jdaidet-Yabus ISIS Controlled Damascus al-Tanf Quneitra Rebels Controlled as-Suwayda JN Controlled Deraa Nassib JN Stronghold Jizzah Kurdish Controlled Contested Areas ISW is watching Changes since last Control Map by ISW Syria Team YPG forces have taken Ayn al-Arab/Kobani from ISIS and swept outward to clear the surrounding countryside. The YPG continues to pursue ISIS as part of the “Euphrates Volcano Operations Room,” along with three Aleppo-based rebel groups. These groups claim to have seized over 100 villages from ISIS control. YPG and rebel forces seized the Qarah Qawzaq bridge on February 7 and appear to be mobilizing for an oensive against Manbij. ISIS forces are reportedly conducting “tactical withdrawals” from al-Bab, amidst rumors of ISIS attempts to hand over its bases to the Aleppo Sala Jihadist coalition Jabhat Ansar al-Din. ISW is placing watches on both Manbij and al-Bab as ISIS forces regroup and the Euphrates Volcano Operations Room continues to advance. Meanwhile, Hezbollah forces have mobilized in the vicinity of the besieged JN and rebel enclave of Zabadani, northwest of Damascus city near the Lebanese border, amidst an increased regime barrel bomb campaign against the town. -
A Study of the Levantine Agricultural Economy (1St-8Th C. AD)
Society and economy in marginal zones: a study of the Levantine agricultural economy (1st-8th c. AD) Andrea Zerbini Department of Classics and Philosophy Royal Holloway University of London PhD in Classics 1 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the social and economic structures that characterised settlement in ecologically marginal regions in the Roman to early-Arab Levant (1st-8th c. AD). Findings show that, far from being self-sufficient, the economy of marginal zones relied heavily on surplus production aimed at marketing. The connection of these regions to large-scale commercial networks is also confirmed by ceramic findings. The thesis is structured in four main parts. The first outlines the main debates and research trends in the study of ancient agrarian society and economy. Part II comprises a survey of the available evidence for settlement patterns in two marginal regions of the Roman Near East: the Golan Heights, the jebel al-cArab. It also includes a small- scale test study that concentrates on the long-term development of the hinterland of Sic, a hilltop village in the jebel al-cArab, which housed one of the most important regional sanctuaries in the pre-Roman and Roman period. Parts III and IV contain the core the thesis and concentrate on the Limestone Massif of northern Syria, a region located between the cities of Antioch, Aleppo (Beroia) and Apamea. Following settlement development from the 2nd c. BC to the 12 c. AD, these sections provide a comprehensive assessment of how a village society developed out of semi-nomadic groups (largely through endogenous transformations) and was able to attain great prosperity in Late Antiquity. -
68%Educationfood As a Top 3 Priority
SYRIASYRIA 644 of524 1636 of 776assessed assessed ♍ ♍ communitiescommunities reported reported ☇☄ PriorityPriority Need:Need: FoodEducation Shelter - December - March 2018 2018 39%68%educationfood as a top 3 priority Kms ² 0 20 40 60 TURKEY AL-HASAKEH ALEPPO AR-RAQQA IDLEB HAMA DEIR-EZ-ZOR IRAQ HOMS Percent of assessed communities in sub-district reporting education as top 3 priority need RURAL 0% DAMASCUS0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76%-100% Not assessed DAMASCUS Assessed communities by sub-district reporting education in top 3 priority needs GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education Al-HasakehAl-Hasakeh 5/10 Aleppo Hadher 0/1 Deir-ez-Zor Basira 1/14 Idleb Armanaz 2/14 Al-HasakehAl-Malikeyyeh 19/32 Aleppo Haritan 8/8 Deir-ez-Zor Deir-ez-Zor 5/17 Idleb Badama 2/10 Al-HasakehAmuda 9/17 Aleppo Jandairis 18/44 Deir-ez-Zor Hajin 1/4 Idleb Bennsh 0/4 Al-HasakehAreesheh 1/12 Aleppo Jarablus 10/35 Deir-ez-Zor Khasham 3/8 Idleb Dana 0/20 Al-HasakehBe'r Al-Hulo Al-Wardeyyeh5/9 Aleppo Ma'btali 25/25 Deir-ez-Zor Kisreh 15/19 Idleb Darkosh 16/26 Al-HasakehDarbasiyah 3/12 Aleppo Mare' 1/6 Deir-ez-Zor Muhasan 1/7 Idleb Ehsem 0/19 Al-HasakehHole 0/1 Aleppo Menbij 11/35 Deir-ez-Zor Sur 0/15 Idleb Harim 1/5 Al-HasakehJawadiyah 9/15 Aleppo Nabul 1/1 Deir-ez-Zor Tabni 0/10 Idleb Heish 2/18 Al-HasakehMarkada 4/11 Aleppo Raju 10/50 Deir-ez-Zor Thiban 1/11 Idleb Idleb 5/15 Al-HasakehQahtaniyyeh 9/19 Aleppo Sarin 4/4 Hama As-Salamiyeh 0/1 Idleb Janudiyeh 5/14 Al-HasakehQuamishli -
February 2019 Fig
HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN February 2019 Fig. AIDoctors providing physiotherapy services Turkey Cross Border Fig. AIDoctors providing Physical Therapy sessions. Emergency type: complex emergency Reporting period: 01.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 13.2 MILLION* 2.9 MILLION* 3.58 MILLION 3** ATTACKS PEOPLE IN NEED OF HEALTH PIN IN SYRIAN REFUGGES AGAINST HEALTH CARE HEALTH ASSISTANCE NWS HRP2019 IN TURKEY (**JAN-FEB 2019) (A* figures are for the Whole of Syria HRP 2019 (All figures are for the Whole of Syria) HIGHLIGHTS GAZIANTEP HEALTH CLUSTER The funds suspension from the governments of 116 HEALTH CLUSTER MEMBERS Germany and France in humanitarian activities in MEDICINES DELIVERED1 the health sector was lifted for some NGOs and TREATMENT COURSES FOR COMMON 460,000 the programs with humanitarian activities will DISEASES resume. Although suspension was lifted, the FUNCTIONAL HEALTH FACILITIES HERAMS NGOs must adhere to several additional FUNCTIONING FIXED PRIMARY HEALTH measures to allow full resumption of the 173 CARE FACILITIES humanitarian activities. 85 FUNCTIONING HOSPITALS The Azaz Mental Health Asylum Hospital will stop 80 MOBILE CLINICS operating end of February 2019. The hospital, HEALTH SERVICES2 supported by PAC, is currently funded by King 905,502 CONSULTATIONS Salman Foundation. The mental health patients 9,320 DELIVERIES ASSISTED BY A SKILLED of this hospital should be transported to Aleppo ATTENDANT or Damascus City. An Exit Strategy/Transfer plan 8,489 REFERRALS is not clear yet but been develop. 977,744 MEDICAL PROCEDURES th On 26 February, local sources reported that the 37,310 TRAUMA CASES SUPPORTED SSG issued a new circular that all the NGOs 2,387 NEW CONFLICT RELATED TRAUMA CASES vehicles and ambulances must get a mission VACCINATION order from the SSG to be able to cross from Idleb 8,264 CHILDREN AGED ˂5 VACCINATED3 to Afrin and Northern Aleppo. -
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MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 3198 What Is Iran Up To in Deir al-Zour? by Oula A. Alrifai Oct 10, 2019 Also available in Arabic / Farsi ABOUT THE AUTHORS Oula A. Alrifai Oula A. Alrifai is a senior fellow in The Washington Institute's Geduld Program on Arab Politics. Brief Analysis Tehran and its proxies have been exerting hard and soft power in northeast Syria, combining military consolidation with economic, social, and religious outreach in order to cement their long-term influence. n September 30, Syria and Iraq reopened their main border crossing between al-Bukamal and al-Qaim, O which had been formally closed for five years. The circumstances surrounding the event were telling—the ceremony was delayed by a couple weeks because of unclaimed foreign airstrikes on Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps targets in east Syria following the Iranian attack against Saudi oil facilities earlier that month. What exactly have the IRGC and its local proxies been doing in Deir al-Zour province? And what does this activity tell us about Iran’s wider plans there? OPENING THE DOOR FOR IRAQI PROXIES T he border ceremony was led by Khadhim al-Ikabi, an Iraqi government representative, raising questions about whether the decision will help circumvent U.S. sanctions placed on Iran. Although Syrian state media celebrated the event as an opportunity to increase trade with Iraq, Tehran’s reaction indicated that the crossing will mainly serve Iranian military interests. According to officials and media in Iran, reopening the border is of “high strategic importance” in strengthening the Islamic Republic’s “trilateral coalition” with Baghdad and Damascus. -
![[FSL] Insights on Northwest Syria - Issue 11 188//21, 10:36 AM](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/9034/fsl-insights-on-northwest-syria-issue-11-188-21-10-36-am-849034.webp)
[FSL] Insights on Northwest Syria - Issue 11 188//21, 10:36 AM
[FSL] Insights on Northwest Syria - Issue 11 188//21, 10:36 AM Subscribe Past Issues Translate View this email in your browser Issue 11 18 August 2021 Insights on Northwest Syria Monthly Updates from FSL Cluster The re-assessment in NW Syria to review the number of acute food insecure people has been completed in NW Syria and integrated into the "FSL gap analysis" database (traffic lights). The re-assessment has provided the following results: The population figure has been updated by OCHA as of May 2021; an estimated number of 4,627,721 people currently live in NW Syria in the areas accessible by the FSL partners. 87,228 persons are acute food insecure as a result of the re-assessment, reaching the total number of 3.4M people in need in NW Syria. The reassessment was conducted in May 2021 in 13 sub-districts (Atareb, Afrin, Al Bab, Jandairis, Jarablus, Salqin, Sharan, Bennsh, Ariha, Mhambal, Ehsem, Mare, and Badama). The mid-year review (MYR) will be published in September 2021 by Whole of Syria. MAY 2021 - Key Achievements of the FSL Cluster Partners https://mailchi.mp/fscluster/insights-on-northwest-syria-issue-11?e=0301ef5d6e Page 1 of 5 [FSL] Insights on Northwest Syria - Issue 11 188//21, 10:36 AM 53 partners implemented SO1, SO2 and SO3 activities in northwest Syria (NWS) in May 2021. In May 2021, FSL partners delivered food assistance to the People in Need (PIN), according to the following percentage of beneficiaries reached out in 40 sub-districts in NWS: 9 sub-districts reached above 100% PIN, 5 sub-districts from 100% to 76% PIN, 10 sub-districts from 75% to 51% PIN, 3 sub-districts from 50% to 26% PIN, and 13 sub-districts were covered by less than 25% PIN. -
Environmental Research & Technology
Environmental Research & Technology, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 191-210, 2019 Environmental Research & Technology http://dergipark.gov.tr/ert RESEARCH ARTICLE Solid waste management in non-State armed group-controlled areas of Syria case study - Jisr-Ash-Shugur-district Abdullah Saghir1 1 Syrian engineers for construction and development, Gaziantep, TURKIYE ABSTRACT The purpose of this study (technical assessment) is to understand the effect of the Syrian crisis on the solid waste management (SWM) sector in Non-State Armed Group (NSAG) controlled areas and define the worst communities located in Jisr-Ash-Shugur-district (JASD)/Idleb governorate of Syria. The assessment showed that: SWM sector, in general, is not supported by Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The number of communities of JASD is ninety- nine about 262,246 persons (113382 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs),147,449 resident population, 1,415 returnees, and population) live in it, all these local councils are not received or supported by SW equipment, tools, and machines, About seventy communities out of ninety-nine communities (92,195 persons of 262,246 persons) of JASD does not have dedicated works for solid waste collection , and Eighty 80 communities (120,237 persons of 262,246 persons) do not have SW containers, and 67 communities (77,195 persons of 262,246 do not have solid waste tractors with a trails are necessary for SWM. the average, maximum and minimum of SW production per capita at JASD communities (0.21; 0.79; 0.02) kg day-1. All the landfills of JASD are not sanitary and could be considered a randomly dumps. Keywords: Jisr-Ash-Shugur, solid waste, the Syrian crisis 1. -
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production Date : 26 Oct 2015
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production date : 26 Oct 2015 Nabul Al Bab MARE' JANDAIRIS AFRIN NABUL Tadaf AL BAB Atma ! Qah ² ! Daret Haritan Azza TADAF Reyhanli DARET AZZA HARITAN DANA Deir Hassan RASM HARAM !- Darhashan Harim Jebel EL-IMAM Tlul Dana ! QOURQEENA Saman Antakya Ein Kafr Hum Elbikara Big Hir ! ! Kafr Mu Jamus ! Ta l ! HARIM Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Besnaya - Sarmada ! ! Bseineh Kafr ! Eastern SALQIN ! Qalb Ariba Deryan Kafr ! Htan ! Lozeh ! Kafr Naha Kwaires ! Barisha Maaret ! ! Karmin TURKEY Allani ! Atarib ! Kafr Rabeeta ! Radwa ! Eskat ! ! Kila ! Qourqeena Kafr Naseh Atareb Elatareb Salqin Kafr ! EASTERN KWAIRES Delbiya Meraf ! Kafr Elshalaf Takharim Mars ! Kafr ! Jeineh Aruq ! Ta lt i t a ! Hamziyeh ! Kelly ! Abu ! Ta lh a ATAREB ! Kaftin Qarras KAFR TAKHARIMHelleh ! Abin ! Kafr ! Hazano ! Samaan Hind ! Kafr ! Kuku - Thoran Ein Eljaj ! As Safira Armanaz ! Haranbush ! Maaret Saidiyeh Kafr Zarbah ! Elekhwan Kafr - Kafr ! Aleppo Kafrehmul ! Azmarin Nabi ! Qanater Te ll e m ar ! ! ! ! Dweila Zardana AS-SAFIRA ! Mashehad Maaret Elnaasan ! Biret MAARET TAMSRIN - Maaret Ramadiyeh Elhaski Ghazala -! Armanaz ! ! Mgheidleh Maaret ! ARMANAZKuwaro - Shallakh Hafasraja ! Um Elriyah ! ! Tamsrin TEFTNAZ ! Zanbaqi ! Batenta ! ALEPPO Milis ! Kafraya Zahraa - Maar Dorriyeh Kherbet ! Ta m sa ri n Teftnaz Hadher Amud ! ! Darkosh Kabta Quneitra Kafr Jamiliya ! ! ! Jales Andnaniyeh Baliya Sheikh ! BENNSH Banan ! HADHER - Farjein Amud Thahr Yousef ! ! ! ! Ta lh i ye h ZARBAH Nasra DARKOSH Arshani