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Introduction 1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 Edition) Ch

Introduction 1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 Edition) Ch

Notes

Notes to Chapter 1: Introduction

1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 edition) Ch. xxx. Household Words, 8 November 1851, p. 145. P. Collins, Dickens and Education (Lon• don, 1963) pp. 124ff. R. Symonds, Far above Rubies (Leominster, 1993) p. 109. 2. A. Trollope, Is He Popinjoyl World Classics edition (Oxford, 1986) Ch. xvn and Appendix ix. V. Glendinning, Trollope (London, 1992) pp. 325, 480 and passim. 3. A. Woods, George Meredith: Champion of Women and of Progressive Edu• cation (Oxford, 1937) pp. vii, 19, 22, 25, 79. 4. M. Millgate, Thomas Hardy: A Biography (Oxford, 1982) pp. 192, 357, 369. R. Sumner, Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist (London, 1981) p. 190. 5. G. B. Shaw, The Quintessence of Ibsenism (London, 1896) pp. 4Iff. R. Weintraub (ed.), Fabian Feminists: Bernard Shaw and Women (Univer• sity of Pennsylvania, 1977) pp. 2-10. S. Strauss, Traitors to the Masculine Cause (London, 1982) pp. 156-60. G. B. Shaw, Major Barbara (London, 1905); Mrs Warren's Profession (London, 1925); Press Cuttings (London, 1926). 6. H. G. Wells, Ann Veronica (London, 1909). 7. J. A. Froude, Life of Carlyle, ed. S. Clubbe (London, 1979) p. 10. T. Car• lyle, French Revolution (London, 1902 edn) vol. n, p. 58; vol. in, p. 245. 8. J. Ruskin, Works, ed. E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn (1905) vol. 34, p. 499; vol. 18, p. 123; vol. 23, p. 332; vol. 27, p. 619. 9. T. H. Huxley, Life and Letters (London, 1900) vol. i, pp. 38, 212, 417; Lay Sermons (London, 1870) p. 27 (originally published 1865 in The Reader). 10. A. Tennyson, Works (London, 1891) pp. 165ff. J. Killham, Tennyson and 'The Princess' (London, 1958) passim. W. C. Gordon, Social Ideals of Tennyson (London, 1906) pp. 74ff. Stopford Brooke, Tennyson (London, 1910) p. 164. M. Thorn, Tennyson (London, 1992) p. 20. 11. Stopford Brooke, The Poetry of Robert Browning (London, 1902) chs xm and xiv.

Notes to Chapter 2: Raises the Standard

1. J. S. Mill, Dissertations and Discussions (London, 1859) vol. n, p. 411, 'The Enfranchisement of Women'. 2. F. A. Hayek, /. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor (London, 1951) p. 26. 3. M. St J. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill (London, 1954) p. 110. 4. Thomas Carlyle, Reminiscences (London, 1881) vol. n, p. 177. Packe, LifeofJ.S.Milkp. 180.

189 190 Notes

5. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill, p. 403. 6. Ibid., p. 180. 7. Hayek, ./. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor, p. 17. 8. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 56. 9. Ibid., p. 125. 10. Ibid., p. 317. 11. Mill, Dissertations, vol. n, pp. 411 ff. 12. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 20 June 1866, cols 817-29, speech by J. S. Mill. 13. Ibid., cols 830ff. 14. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 27 April 1866, col. 99, speech by B. Dis• raeli. 15. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 501. 16. J. S. Mill, Autobiography (1924 edition) p. 185. 17. J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women (London, 1878 edition). 18. Packe, Life of J S. Mill, p. 495. A. Bain, John Stuart Mill: A Criticism (London, 1882) pp. 130-2. Frederic Harrison, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill (London, 1899) p. 310. 19. T. Martin, Queen Victoria as I Knew Her (London, 1908) p. 69. 20. The Times, London, 10 May 1873. 21. J. Morley, Life of W. E. Gladstone (London, 1904) vol. 2, p. 543. W. D. Christie, ./. S. Mill and Mr Abraham Hay ward Q. C. (London, 1873).

Notes to Chapter 3: The Allies of Josephine Butler

1. Josephine Butler, Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (London, 1896) p. 20. 2. See R. Symonds, Alternative Saints: The Post-Reformation People Com• memorated by the (London, 1988) p. 8. 3. Josephine Butler, Recollections of George Butler (London, 1892) pp. 19, 64, 65. 4. Josephine Butler, An Autobiographical Memoir (, 1904) p. 15. 5. Butler, Recollections, p. 57; E. Moberly Bell, Josephine Butler (London, 1962) p. 28. 6. Josephine Butler (ed.), Women's Work and Women's Culture (London 1869) Introduction. 7. Ibid., pp. 49ff. 8. Butler, Recollections, pp. 219-20. 9. Ibid., p. 230. 10. Ibid., pp. 240, 245. 11. Ibid., p. 248. 12. Ibid., p. 257. 13. Ibid., p. 384. 14. Ibid., pp. 483, 215. 15. W. T. Stead, Josephine Butler: A Life Sketch', Josephine Butler, Autobio• graphical Memoir (Bristol, 1911) p. 34. 16. Butler, Autobiographical Memoir, p. 35. Notes 191

17. H. Temperley, British Antislaveiy (London, 1972) pp. 88ff. 18. J. L. and Barbara Hammond, : A Victorian Champion of Sex Equality (London, 1932) p. 286. 19. Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), vol. I, p. 654, W. T. Ashurst. 20. Anon., Memorable Unitarians (London, 1906) p. 310. 21. The Times, London, 18 February 1898. 22. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 41. 23. Ibid., p. 189. 24. G. Petrie, A Singular Iniquity: The Campaigns of Josephine Butler (Lon• don, 1971) p. 149. 25. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 191. 26. Ibid., p. 203. 27. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 23 Jan 1875, cols 409-14. 28. Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Conta• gious Diseases Acts, Parliamentary Papers 1881, ix. The minority report is included. 29. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 20 April 1883, cols 764ff. 30. Ibid., cols 823, 840. 31. J. A. Spender, Life of Sir H. Campbell Bannerman (1923) vol. l,p. 105. 32. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 16 March 1886, cols 981 ff. 33. Ibid., p. 287. 34. Ibid., p. 288. 35. Ibid., p. 292. 36. Ibid., p. vii; M. Fawcett and E. M. Turner, Josephine Butler (London, 1927) Preface. 37. F. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead (London, 1925) vol. l,p. 100. 38. Report of Select Committee of House of Lords Relating to Protection of Young Girls, Parliamentary Papers, Sessional Papers, 1882, vol. vn. 39. Whyte, Life of W. L Stead, vol. i, p. 160. 40. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 22 May 1885, cols 1175ff. 41. All the quotations in the previous three paragraphs are from , London, 6, 7, 8, 9 July and 11 November 1885. 42. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 6 August 1885, cols 1409ff. 43. Petrie,/! Singular In iquity, p. 25 6. 44. Moral Reform Union, London 1885, Speech by Mr W. T. Stead at the Central Criminal Court. 45. W. T. Stead, My First Imprisonment (London, 1886); and Whyte, Life of W. T. Stead, vof. l,p. 207. 46. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead, p. 314.

Notes to Chapter 4: Emancipation through Birth Control

1. P. Fryer, The Birth Controllers (London, 1965) pp. 3Iff. Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (London, 1973) p. 22. 2. N. Himes, Place on Population Control (London, 1930). Fryer, 777c Birth Controllers, pp. 64ff. 192 Notes

3. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 76. G. A. Aldred, Richard Carlile, Agitator (London, 1923). 4. R. W. Leopold, Robert Dale Owen: Radical Reformer (London, 1940). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 92. 5. New England Quarterly, vol. vi (1933) p. 470. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 99. 6. G. Drysdale, Physical, Sexual and Natural Religion (later called Elements of Social Science) (London, 1855). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 111. 7. A. H. Nethercot, The First Five Lives of Annie Besant (Chicago, 1960) pp. 107ff. 8. Fryer, op.cit., p. 169. 9. Bertrand and Patricia Russell, Amberley Papers (1937) vol. n, p. 171. 10. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 116. 11. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 256. Dr H. A. Allbutt, The Wives' Handbook (London, 1883). 12. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 130. 13. Nineteenth Century and After (1900) vol. 59, p. 80. Fryer, The Birth Con• trollers, p. 181. 14. 'The Declining Birthrate', Report of the Commission of Enquiry set up by the National Council of Public Morals (London, 1916) p. 242. 15. Ibid., p. 273. 16. Ibid., p. 371. S. Szrecer, Fertility and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940 (Cam• bridge, 1996) pp. 367ff. 17. A. MacLaren, Birth Control in 19th Century England (London, 1978) p. 56. DNB article, Richard Carlile. 18. Fortnightly Review, March 1888, p. 119. 19. The Times, 21 October 1905, p. 14, col. 5. 20. The Six Lambeth Conferences, 1867-1920 (London, 1929), 1908 Confer• ence, pp. 310, 327, 342-99. 21. Ibid., 1920 Conference, p. 44, 112. 22. F. Watson, Dawson of Penn (London, 1951) p. 55 and passim. 23. Ibid., p. 159. 24. Lord Dawson of Penn, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Speech Deliv• ered at the Church Congress in Birmingham (London, 1922). 25. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 245. 26. Dawson, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Introduction. 27. The Times, 11 January 1922, p. 7. 28. Lambeth Conferences, (1867-1930) (London, 1968) p. 164. 29. G. L. Prestige, Life of Charles Gore (London, 1935) pp. 515, 517. 30. Bishop A. A. David and Bishop M. B. Furse, Marriage and Birth Control (London, 1932) p. 30. 31. Hansard, House of Lord's Debates, vol. 90, 13 February 1934, col. 818. 32. David and Furse, Marriage and Birth Control, pp. 13, 27. 33. Lambeth Conference - What the Bishops said about Marriage (London: SPCK, 1968). 34. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 249. 35. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 286. 36. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 117. 37. Ibid., p. 197. Notes 193

38. D. M. Kennedy, Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger (Yale, 1970) p. 80. 39. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, pp. 216, 219. 40. Kennedy, Birth Control in America, pp. 218ff. 41. Ibid., pp. 98, 193. 42. June Rose, Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution (London, 1992) pp. 21 Off.

Notes to Chapter 5: Gandhi and Liberation through the Freedom Movement

1. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (hereafter CWMG), vol. xxxv (1927) p. 44, Public Meeting, Paganeri. 2. Mira Behn, The Spirit's Pilgrimage (London, 1960) p. 200. 3. CWMG, vol. xiv (1907) p. 26, speech at Gujerati Educational Confer• ence. G. Forbes, 'The Politics of Respectability', in D. A. Low (ed.), The Indian National Congress (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1988) p. 64. 4. B. R. Nanda, Gandhi and His Critics (Delhi, 1985) p. 39. 5. CWMG, vol. xiv (1917) p. 14, speech to Gujerati Political Conference. 6. CWMG, vol. xxu (1922) p. 181, article in Navajivan. 7. M. Kishwar, 'Gandhi on Women', Economic and Political Weekly (Bom• bay) vol. 20, no. 40 (1985). 8. G. Minault, The Extended Family (Delhi, 1981) p. 185. Also CWMG, vol. XL (1929) p. 417, article in Young India. 9. J. Nehru, Discovery of India (London, 1945) p. 23. 10. CWMG, vol. xxxin (1927) p. 333, letter to Ashram Women. 11. V. L. Pandit, The Scope of Happiness (London, 1979) pp. 110, 171. 12. CWMG, vol. xvn (1920) p. 49, speech at Meeting of Mill Hands, Ahmedabad. 13. CWMG, vol. XLVIII (1931) p. 79, interview with Daily Herald. 14. P. Joshi, Gandhi on Women (New Delhi, 1988) p. 317. 15. CWMG, vol. xxiv (1924) p. 498, speech at National Education Confer• ence; and vol. xxxiv (1927) p. 384, letter to Anandibai. 16. CWMG, vol. xvn (1920) p. 536, speech to students at Satyagraha Ashram; and vol. xxvn (1925) p. 151, article in Navajivan. 17. CWMG, vol. LVIII (1931) p. 311, speech at meeting of Women's Indian Council, London. 18. CWMG, vol. LXXV (1941) p. 155, The Constructive Programme'. 19. CWMG, vol. IXVIII (1939) p. 312, interview with representatives of municipalities. 20. CWMG, vol. LXVIII (1939) p. 312, interview with representatives of municipalities; vol. xxu (1922) p. 188, 'My Notes'. 21. S. Natarajan, A Century of Social Reform in India (Bombay, 1959) p. 147. 22. CWMG, vol. LXII (1935) p. 156, 'Interview to Margaret Sanger'. 23. Foreword by Sarojini Naidu, in H. Polak et al., Mahatma Gandhi (Lon• don, 1948). 24. V. S. Naravani, Sarojini Naidu (New Delhi, 1980), p. 66 and passim. 194 Notes

25. Mira Behn, The Spirit's Pilgrimage (London, 1960). Ved Mehta, Mahatma Gandhi and his Disciples (London, 1977). 26. M. K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth (Ahmedabad, 1927); and E. H. Erikson, Gandhi's Tmth (London, 1970) p. 121. 27. CWMG, vol. XLI (1929) p. 405, article 'Service to Women'. 28. CWMG, vol. xxxix (1929) p. 415, speech at DJS College, Karachi. 29. CWMG, vol. XL (1929) p. 417, article in Young India. 30. CWMG, vol. LXXVIII (1941) p. 236, discussion with Hindustani Talimi Sangh.

Notes to Chapter 6: Education

1. Sydney Smith, Selected Writings (London, 1957) pp. 271—81; Gillian Suther• land, 'The Plainest Principles of Justice', in F. M. C. Thompson (ed.), The University of London and the World ofLearning (London, 1990). 2. R. G. Grylls, Queen's College, 1848-1948 (London, 1948) p. vii. 3. E. Kaye, History of Queen's College (London, 1972) p. 11. 4. F. McLain, F. D. Maurice: A Study (Cowley, 1982) p. 32. 5. F. Maurice, Life ofF. D. Maurice (London, 1884) vol. i, pp. 57ff. 6. Ibid., vol. n, p. 32. 7. Maurice's inaugural address is contained in A. Tweedle, The First College for Women (London, ND). 8. Grylls, Queen's College, p. 28. Kaye, History of Queen 's College, p. 182. 9. McClain, F. D. Maurice, p. 47. 10. Ibid., p. 52. 11. Maurice, Life, p. 641. 12. Lady Eastlake, Mrs Grote: A Sketch (London, 1880) p. 43. 13. George Grote, Minor Works (London, 1873) p. 162. N. B. Harte, The Admission of Women to University College, London, Centenary Lecture (London, 1979) p. 5. 14. Harte, The Admission of Women, p. 9 and passim. H. S. Solly, Life of Pro• fessor Henry Morley (London, 1898) p. 308 and passim. 15. A. Harrison-Barbet, Thomas Holloway: Victorian Philanthropist (Royal Holloway College, 1994) p. 58. 16. Ibid., pp. 50, 52. 17. Ibid., pp. 54ff. 18. C. Bingham, History of Royal Holloway College (London, 1987) p. 22. 19. Harrison-Barbet, Thomas Holloway, p. 90. 20. Bingham, History of Royal Holloway College, p. 59. 21. Ibid., pp. 73,91. 22. J. Bryce, Studies in Contemporary Biography (London, 1903) p. 328. 23. R. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge (London, 1975) pp. 38-9. D. Bennett, Emily Davies and the Liberation of Women (London, 1990) passim. 24. R. Skidelsky, Interests and Obsessions (London, 1993) pp. 3ff. 25. A. Sidgwick and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir (London, 1906) p. 189. Notes 195

26. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge, p. 49. 27. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick (London, 1938) p. 40. 28. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, p. 59. 29. Ibid., pp. 226, 268, 250. University Degrees for Women, Report of Confer• ence on Royal Holloway College, December 1897, p. 33. 30. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, pp. 52, 119. 31. Ibid., p. 123. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, pp. 544ff. 32. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, p. 252. 33. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, p. 199. 34. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, p. 153. 35. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge, pp. 155ff. 36. E. Wordsworth, Glimpses of the Past (London, 1913). P. Adams, Somer• ville for Women (Oxford, 1996). G. Stephenson, Edward Stuart Talbot (London, 1936). 37. S. Fletcher, Feminists and Bureaucrats (Cambridge, 1980) p. 40 and pas• sim. 38. J. A. K. Thompson and A. Toynbee, Essays in Honour of Gilbert Munay (London, 1936) p. 49.

Notes to Chapter 7: Medicine

1. E. Blackwell, Pioneer Work for Women (London, 1914 edition) p. 21. 2. Ibid., p. 28. 3. Ibid., p. 53. 4. Ibid., p. 233. 5. Blackwell, Pioneer Work for Women, p. 145. 6. Ibid., p. 196. M. S. Fancourt, They Dared to be Doctors (London, 1965) p. 126. 7. J. Manton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (London, 1965) p. 351. 8. Ibid., pp. 112, 114. 9. Ibid., p. 120. 10. Ibid., p. 130. 11. British Medical Journal, 22 November 1862. 12. Manton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, p. 147. 13. Ibid., p. 163. 14. Ibid., p. 255. 15. Ibid., p. 291. 16. L. G. Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (London, 1939) p. 182. Man- ton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, p. 147. 17. S. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1993) pp. 22, 61. 18. M. Todd, The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1918) p. 299. 19. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, pp. 138-9; J91-108. 20. C. Reade, A Woman Hater (London, 1877) vol. in, pp. 273ff, and passim. M. Elwin, Charles Reade (London, 1931). 21. Elwin, Charles Reade, p. 321. 22. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 12 June 1874, cols 1526ff. 23. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 3 March 1875, cols 1123ff. 196 Notes

24. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 5 July 1876, cols 1003ff. 25. J. B. Atlay, Sir Henry Wentworth Acland (London, 1903). 26. H. W. Acland, 'Medical Education for Women', letter of 25 April 1870 to The Times, printed privately (Bodleian Library, Oxford). 27. The relevant debates and resolutions are in the minutes of the Medical Council, London, 1875 and 1876. 28. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, pp. 143-5; Catriona Blake, The Charge of the Parasols: Women's Entry to the Medical Profession (London, 1990) p. 188 and passim. 29. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, p. 159. 30. M. Scharlieb, Reminiscences (London, 1924) p. 90. 31. Life of Sir Robert Christison, edited by his sons (1886) vol. 2, p. 43. 32. R. B. Fisher, Joseph Lister (London, 1977) p. 189 and passim. 33. J. Duns, Memoir ofSir James Simpson (Edinburgh, 1873). 34. Life of Sir R. Christison, op. cit., vol. 11, pp. 43-50. 35. Sir James Paget, Memoirs and Letters (London, 1903) p. 298. 36. Blake, Charge of the Parasols, p. 172 and passim. 37. D. Masson, Lecture to Edinburgh Ladies' Education Association (Edin• burgh, 1868). 38. H. E. Graham, Literary and Historical Essays (London, 1908) p. 219. 39. G. Travers, Life of Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1908) p. 303. 40. J. Stansfeld, 'Medical Women', in Nineteenth Century, July 1877. Catriona Blake's, The Charge of the Parasols is a useful overall account of the cam• paign. 41. J. Dennison, Midwives and Medical Men (London, 1977) is the source for this section.

Notes to Chapter 8: Religion

1. E. Isichei, Victorian (Oxford, 1970) pp. 102-10 and passim. J. Butler, Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (London, 1896) pp. 20, 60-3. H. Ausobel, John Bright: Victorian Reformer (London, 1966) p. 195. K. Robbins, John Bright (London, 1979) p. 214. The Friend, 1914, accounts of sessions of Meeting for Sufferings, Friends House, London. 2. R. F. Watts, 'The Unitarian Contribution to Female Education in the 19th Century', unpublished thesis, Manchester College, Oxford (1981) p. 46. K. Gleadle, Early Feminists, Radical Utilitarians and the Emergence of Women's Rights (London, 1995) p. 28. 3. Gleadle, Early Feminists, p. 28. 4. S. K. Ratcliffe, The Story of South Place (London, 1955) p. 18. William Johnson Fox, Collected Works, vol. vi (London, 1867) p. 180. Ibid., vol. v (1866) p. 283. 5. Ibid., vol. vi (1867) p. 164. 6. M. J. Shaen, William Shaen (London, 1912) pp. 8, 15, 56 and 87. 7. Bramwell Booth, Echoes and Memories (London, 1926) p. 172. 8. H. Begbie, Life of (London, 1920) vol. 1, p. 27. Notes 197

9. Bramwell Booth, Echoes and Memories, p. 166. F. de L. Booth-Tucker, Life of Catherine Booth (London, 1893) vol. 1, p. 359. 10. Anon., Twenty-One Years of (London: Salvation Army, 1887) p. 105. 11. Orders and Regulations for Field Officers (Salvation Army, 1886) Preface. Ibid. (1900 edition) p. 294. 12. St John Irvine, God's Soldier (London, 1934) vol. i, p. 608; vol. n, p. 962. 13. Major J. Fairbank, in The Officer, October 1988. Mrs Commissioner Hodder, in The War Cry, 23 October 1993. 14. D. M. Paton, 'R.O.': The Life and Times of Bishop Ronald Hall of Hong Kong (London, 1985) pp. xiii and 120. 15. Ibid., pp. xii and 15. 16. Ibid., pp. 42, 73. 17. Ibid., p. 125. 18. Ibid., pp. 127-30. 19. Ibid., p. 133. 20. Ibid., p. 136. 21. Ibid., p. 140. 22. Florence Tim Oi Li, Much Beloved Daughter (London, 1985) pp. 45ff. 23. Ibid., p. 114. 24. Paton, lR.0.\ p. 141. 25. J. G. H. Baker, Bishop Speaking (Hong Kong, 1981). Joyce Bennett, Hasten Slowly (Chichester, 1991) pp. 13, 15. 26. R. Strachey, Millicent Garrett Fawcett (London, 1931) p. 88.

Notes to Chapter 9: Parliament and

1. Leslie Stephen, Henry Fawcett (London, 1885). Hansard, House of Com• mons Debates, 20 March 1867, col. 835; 30 April 1872, col. 1239; 26 April 1876, col. 1711. H. Fawcett, Speeches (London, 1873) pp. 161ff. 2. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 June 1877, col. 1114; 7 March 1879, col. 405; 6 July 1883, col. 1113; 18 February 1886, col. 689; 27 April 1892, col. 1454; 3 February 1897, col. 1330. L. Courtney, Cornish Granite (London, 1925). 3. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 4 May 1870, col. 216; 2 March 1906, col. 1448. Sir Charles Dilke, Woman Suffrage and Electoral Reform (London, ND f? 1910]. D. Nicholls, The Lost Prime Minister-A Life of Sir- Charles Dilke (London, 1995). 4. Jacob Bright, Speeches (London, 1885) pp. 210 and 332. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 30 April 1873, col. 1174; 26 April 1876, col. 1687; 6 June 1877, col. 1706; 6 July 1883, col. 454. E. Isichei, Victorian Quakers (Oxford, 1970) p. 109 and passim. Vanity Fair, 5 May 1877; Manchester Faces and Places, 1889, p. 181. Sylvia Pankhurst, The Move• ment (London, 1931) passim. DNB, William Woodall. 5. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 7 April 1884, col. 454; 12 June 1884, col. 106. 6. J. Lewes, Before the Suffrage was Won (London, 1987) p. 444. 198 Notes

7. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 April 1892, col. 1501. H. A. L. Fisher, James Bryce (London, 1927) vol. i, p. 188; vol. n, p. 230. 8. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 8 March 1907, col. 1110. 9. M. Thomson, David Lloyd George (London, ND) pp. 206, 221. J. Grigg, Lloyd George (London, 1928) p. 298. 10. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 May 1913, col. 1938. 11. F. Maurice, Haldane (London, 1937) p. 56. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 11 July 1910, col. 82. 12. J. Scheer, George Lansbury (Manchester, 1990) pp. 84, 86, 119, 124, 197. 13. J. Keir Hardie, From Serfdom to Socialism (London, 1907) pp. 6Iff. W. Stewart,/. Keir Hardie (London, 1921). Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 24 January 1913, col. 1086. 14. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 8 March 1907, col. 1133; 28 March 1912, col. 205; 5 May 1913, col. 1705. 15. Ibid., 27 April 1866, col. 99. 16. G. W. F. Russell, Portraits of the Seventies (London, 1916) p. 232. K. Rose, The Later Cecils, (London, 1975) p. 27. 17. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 May 1913, col. 1118; 28 March 1912, col. 664; 19 June 1917, col. 1735. 18. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 April 1892, col. 1524; K. \ oung, Arthur James Balfour (London, 1963) p. 320. 19. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 24 June 1913, col. 882. 20. Ibid., 27 April 1892, col. 1505. 21. Ibid., 12 June 1884, col. 93. 22. Unpublished memoir by C. M. Woodhouse, Lytton Archives, Kneb- worth. 23. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 16 March 1904, col. 1361; 25 April 1906, col. 1365; 8 March 1907, col. 1157. 24. B. Harrison, Prudent Revolutionaries (Oxford, 1987) p. 223. 25. A Suffrage Annual and Woman's Who's Who (London: Women's Press, 1913). 26. M. Pugh, History Students' Pamphlets (London, 1982) p. 5.

Notes to Chapter 10: Breaking into the Professions

1. Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions, 1872-3, pp. 268, 366-7, 480, 698-9, 936-41. S. W. F. Holloway, The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London, 1991) pp. 254-64 and passim. The Individualist, March 1905, p. 18. 2. Pharmaceutical Journal, 25 January 1873, pp. 588-9. Holloway, The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, pp. 256-64. 3. Journal of Royal Institute of British Architects, 10 December 1898, p. 77; and 11 March 1899, p. 279. Lynne Walker, in J. Attfield and P. Markham (eds),/l View from the Interior: Women, and Design (London, 1989)pp.90ff. 4. C. M. Ford, Aleen Cust, Veterinary Surgeon (Bristol, 1990) passim. I. Pat• tison, The British Veterinary Profession (London, 1984) pp. 152-9. Notes 199

5. Dental History, 23 November 1991, p. 325, article by E. M. Cohen and R. A. Cohen, 'The Autobiography of Lillian Lindsay'. Communication from Prof. Christine Hillam, University of London. 6. The Accountant, 9 June 1888, p. 365; 8 May 1909, pp. 587 and 645; 18 April 1914, p. 563; 26 October 1918, p. 229; 25 January 1919, p. 64; 10 May 1919, p. 398; 13 December 1919, p. 517. 7. Solicitors' Journal, 4 April 1914, p. 408; 14 September 1918, p. 782; 15 March 1919, p. 369; 5 April 1919, p. 403. 8. Ibid., 18 January 1919, p. 219; 5 April 1919, p. 414. 9. H. Martindale, Servants of the State (London, 1933) p. 16. 10. Quarterly Review, vol. 151 (January 1881) p. 186. Nineteenth Century, vol. 10 (September 1889) p. 364. 11. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 5 August 1921, col. 1904. Martin• dale, Servants of the State, pp. 30, 40, 54, 6 Iff. 12. Martindale, Servants of the State, p. 64. D. Evans, Women and the Civil Service (London, 1934) p. 42. 13. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 October 1919, col. 362; 5 August 1921, cols 1900 and 1913. Martindale, Servants of the State, p. 105. 14. S. G. Hutchinson, History of the Royal Academy (London, 1968) pp. 60, 138, 176, 198. D. Cherry, Painting Women (London, 1963) pp. 96, 236. Royal Academy Archives, Council Minutes, 11 November 1879; General Assembly Minutes, 6 January 1880; Annual Report of Council, 1879. J. G. MiUais, Life and Letters of Sir J. E. Milla is (London, 1899) vol. l,p. 147. 15. Communication from J. C. Dagnall of the Society of Chiropodists.

Notes to Chapter 11: Observations and Reflections

1. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 20 March 1856, cols 409ff; 3 March 1857, cols 169Iff. A. Horstman, Victorian Divorce (London, 1985) pas• sim. 2. L. Holcombe, Wives and Property (London, 1983) pp. 18, 210 and passim. 3. R. Symonds, Oxford and Empire (Oxford, 1991) p. 253. Gertrude Bell, Letters, Vol. u, London, 1927, p. 686, 717. 4. W. P. Livingstone, Mary Slessor of Calabar (London, 1916) and subse• quent biographies. 5. R. Kipling, The Day's Work (London, 1927) p. 194. 6. DNB,}. D. Bethune. 7. A. J. Broom hall, Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century (1981-9) vol. iv, pp. 48, 351; vol. vn, p. 41. Peter Williams, 'The Missing Link', in F. Bowie et al. (eds), Women and Missions Past and Present (Oxford, 1993) pp. 43ff. 8. R. Symonds, Oxford and Empire (Oxford, 1991) pp. 216, 223. Bowie, Women and Missions, p. 66. 9. F. Engels, Origin of the Family (London, 1884). S. Strauss, Traitors to the Masculine Cause (London, 1982) p. 123. 10. R. Anderson, Educational Opportunities in Victorian Scotland (Oxford, 1983) p. 254. Notes

F. P. Cobbe, Life (London, 1894) vol. n, p. 210. B. King, Life of Mazzini (London, 1929) p. 219. P. Grimshaw, Womens Suffrage in New Zealand (Auckland, 1972). There are biographies of all those mentioned. H. W. Nevinson, More Changes, More Chances (London, 1925) ch. 14. F. M. Leventhal, The Last Dissenter: H. N. Brailsford and his Worid (Oxford, 1985). Brian Harrison, Separate Spheres (London, 1978). Index

Aberdeen University, 106 Belgium, in, 45 Acland, Sir Henry, 115-19, 122 Bell, Gertrude, 179 accountants, 169 Bell, Jacob, 162 , 36 Bentham, J., 20, 86 Aitchison, Professor, 165 Bentinck, Lord William, 68 Allbutt, H. A., 56, 60, 65 Bercsford-Hope, A. J. B., 114, 155 Amberley, Viscount, 52 Besant, Annie, 54, 55, 68 Amery,L.S., 170, 179 Bethune,J. D., 181 Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett, 3, 5, 8, Betjeman, John, 90 25,29,43,86, 102, 104, 119, Birmingham University, 128 123,165 birth control, 16-17,51-66 and study of medicine, 105-12 in France, 51-2 Anderson, Skelton, 107-9 in USA, 52,53,54 Anglo-Saxons, 124 Bishop, Matilda, 91 Apostles Society, Cambridge, 14, Blackwell, Elizabeth, 8, 102-6, 115, 83, 92 119,130 Apothecaries, Society of, 25 Blavatsky, Mme H. P., 68 architects, 164, 165 Bleak House (Dickens), 6 Argyll, George, 8th Duke, 30 Bloomer, Amelia, 7 Armstrong, Eliza, 48 Board of Trade, 169 Arnold, Matthew, 32 Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith, 5, Ashurst, William, 38-9 103, 127, 178 Asquith, H. H., 141, 142, 150, Booth, Bramwell, General, 130-5 172,173 Booth, Catherine Mumford, 131-3 Association for Employment of Booth, Evangeline, General, 134-5 Women, 5 Booth, William, General, 18, 124, Association for Higher Education of 130-5 Women in Oxford, 98 Boston (USA), 102, 109 Australia, 158, 167, 188 Bowring, Sir George, 26 Austria, 115 Bradlaugh, Charles, 26, 54, 55, 60, 65 Brailsford, H. N., 184-5 Bain, Alexander, 28 Bright, Jacob, 125, 141, 142, 147, Baker, Gilbert, Bishop, 140 159, 187 Baldwin, Stanley, 176, 188 Bright, John, 26, 38, 126, 141, 147, 159 Balfour, A. J., 97, 142, 155-6, 158 Bright, Ursula, 148 Barnes, E. W., Bishop, 59 British, Continental and General barristers, 170-1 Federation for Abolition of Beale, Dorothea, 85 Government Regulation of Beatty, T. A., 57 Prostitution, 39 Becker, Lydia, 142 British Gynaecological Society, 57 Bedford College, London, 7, 91, , women's role in, 92, 130 179-81 Beesley, E. S.,88,97 British Medical Association, 57, 123 Begg, Faithful, 157 British Medical Journal, 55, 106

201 202 Index

Brooke, Stopford, 85 Church of England, 4, 18, 32, Brougham, Henry, Lord, 16, 176-7 36,90-1,124 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 15 and birth control, 51, 58-64 Browning, Robert, 15, 77 and women priests, 136-40 Bryce, James, Viscount, 91, 149, 187 at Oxford, 97-8 Brydon, J. M., 165 Church Congress, 35, 61 Bunyan, John, 124 Church Times, 138 Burgon, J. W. Dean, 98 Churchill, Winston, 143, 154, 159 Buss, Frances, 85 Civil Disobedience Movement, Butler, Lady Elizabeth India, 70 Thompson, 174 Civil Service, 171-3 Butler, George, Canon, 16, 31-7 classics, study of, 185 Butler, Josephine, 16,31, 125, 183, Clough, Anne, 3, 94 and age of consent, 44-50 Clough, Arthur, 93 and Contagious Diseases Clubs, Gentlemen's, 19, 163, 175, 188 Acts, 31-44 Cobbe, Frances Power, 5, 183 and women doctors, 107 Coleridge, John, 1st Baron, 36 Byrne, William, 167 College of Surgeons, 113 Collings, Jesse, 123 Cairnes, S. E., 88 Comstock, Anthony, 64-5 Cambridge University, 3, 5, 17, 18, Comte, A., 149 19,25,32,75,83,86,90,128, Conciliation Committee, 143, 158 144,157,161,185-7,188 Congregationalists, 124 and admission of women, 91-9, Congress, US, 105, 109 and birth control, 64-5 and missionaries, 182 Conservative Party, 18, 160 Cambridge radicals, 144-7 and women's franchise, 142-4, see also Girton College; Newnham 154-8 College; Trinity College , 16, 29, Campbell Bannerman, Sir Henry, 42, 33-43, 125, 148-9 43, 141, 149 Conway, Moncure, 98 Carlile, Richard, 52-3, 58, 65 Courtney, Leonard, 142, 144-6 Carlyle, Jane, 15 Cowper-Temple, William, 113, 114, Carlyle, Thomas, 12, 22, 128 115,121 Carpenter, Mary, 29,127 Cox, Sir Percy, 179 Cavendish Bentinck, G. A. F., 42, Cromer, Evelyn, 1st Earl, 179 45, 46, 47, 48 Crook, G. B., 171 Cecil, Lord Hugh, 155 Cross, Sir Richard, 48 Cecil, Lord Robert (Viscount Cecil), Crossley, H.W., 128 155, 158,161,170 Crossley, Sir Richard, 48 Chamberlain, Joseph, 159 Curzon, George, 1st Marquess, 98, Charles, Ethel, 164 158,179,187 Chartists, 128 Cust, Aleen, 166-7 Cheltenham Boys' College, 33 China, 136-40, 181 Dalhousie, James, 1st Marquess, 181 chiropody, 174 Dalhousie, John, 13th Earl, 45 Chisholm, Caroline, 7 Darling, Grace, 7 Christison, Sir Robert, 110, 118, Darwin, Charles, 13, 111 119,122 David, A. A., Bishop, 63 Index 203

Davidson, Randall, Archbishop, 90 Fox, George, 125 Davies, Emily, 3, 8, 29, 89, 92, 92, 108 Fox, W.J., 125-6 Dawson of Penn, Bertrand, Viscount, France, 122, 167; see also Paris 51,60-5,75 Froude, J. A., 32 Day, George, Professor, 106 Fruits of Philosophy (Knowlton), 54 Deaconesses, 136 Fry, Elizabeth, 7, 125 Deane, Elizabeth, 164 Fry, Margery, 99 dentistry, 168 Furse, M. B., Bishop, 63 Derby, Bishop of, C. W. S. Bowles, 32 Dickens, Charles, 6-7, 83, 128 Galway, Viscount, 26 Dilke, Sir Charles, 144,146-7 Gandhi, Kasturba, 76-7 Dilke, Emily, Lady, 147 Gandhi, M. K., Mahatma, 17, 67-78 Disraeli, Benjamin, 16, 23, 117, 142, Garibaldi, G., 38 154, 157 Garrett, Agnes, 165 divorce, 176-7 Garrett, Elizabeth, see Anderson, Dobbs, Sir Henry, 179 Elizabeth Garrett Drysdale, George, 54 Garrett, Newsome, 105, 106, 107, 108 Dufferin, Frederick, 1st Marquess, 69 Garrett, Samuel, 170-1 Dyer, Alfred, 126 Garrison, William Lloyd, 37, 104 General Medical Council (formerly East India Company, 20, 21 Medical Council), 56, 100, Edinburgh Review, 81 116-17,123, 164,168 Edinburgh University, 105, 106, Geneva College, New York, 102-3 109-12, 114,117,119,121 George III, King, 174 Dental Hospital, 168 Germany, 115, 122 Edmonds, James, 123 Girton College, Cambridge, 92, 94, 95 Eliot, George, 128 Gladstone, Catherine, 123 Endowed Schools Commission, 99 Gladstone, W. E., 26, 30, 35, 41, 89, Engels, F., 3, 182 115,121 English Woman 's Journal, 5 and women's suffrage, 141-2, Eton College, 4, 157, 159 148-9, 157 Eugenie, Empress of France, 107 Glasgow University, 105 Evan, Helen, 121 Gleichen, Victor, Count, 90-1 Every Woman's Book, 53 Gore, Charles, Bishop, 137 Gorst,J.E.,26 Farrar, F. W., Dean, 58 Granville, George, 2nd Earl, 45, 87 Fawcett, Henry, 25, 89, 93, 96, 107, Greek Orthodox Church, 124 HI, 140,144-5,171-2 Green, J. R., 85, 89 Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, 3, 10, Grey, Sir Edward, 150-1 29,49,89,93,96, 107, 140, 142, Grey, John, 32 143,145 Grote, George, 17,81,86-7 Fawcett, Philippa, 96 Gurney, Emelia, 104 Fell, Margaret, 125 Gurney, Russell, 104, 111,115, 117, Finland, 188 121,187 Fisher, Geoffrey, Archbishop, 138 Foot, Edward B., 64 Haldane, Richard, 1st Viscount, Forster, W. E., 38 151-2, 173 Forsyth, William, 142, 157 Halifax, 37-8 Fowler, William, 39 Hall, R. O., Bishop, 136 204 Index

Hampson, Robert, 162-4,175 and the study of medicine, 109-112, Harcourt, Sir William, 41,45 116,121 Hardy, Thomas, 9-10 Joan of Arc, 72 Harris Smith, Miss, 169 Johnson, Bertha, 3 Harrison, Frederic, 28, 97 Johnstone, Sir Harcourt, 40 Hartington, Lord, 41 Jowett, Benjamin, 32, 97,186 Hayward, Abraham, 29 Headlam, Stewart, 59, 83 Kauffman, Angelica, 174 Hicks, E. L., Bishop of Lincoln, 159 Keir Hardie, James, 153 Henderson, Arthur, 154,155,158 King's College, London, 83, 84,122 Hill, Octavia, 13, 83,127,130 King's and Queen's College, Hills, J. W., 161,170-1 Dublin, 117 Hoare, Sir Samuel, 173 Kingsley, Charles, 84, 104 Hobhouse, Arthur, 99 Kingsley, Mary, 180 Holloway, Thomas, 17, 81, 88-91 Kipling, Rudyard, 180 Holyoake, G. J., 56 Knight, Dame Laura, 174 Homerton Training College, 82,128 Knowlton, Charles, 53, 65 Hong Kong, 135-40 Horder, T. S., 1st Baron, 64 Labouchere, Henry, 26,141,159 Household Words, 7 Labour Party, 18, Hughes, Tom, 26 and women's appointments, 161 Hugo, Victor, 3, 17 and women's suffrage, 152-4, Hume, A. O., 69 160,182 Hunt, Harriet, 102 Ladies' National Association for Hunt, Leigh, 128 Repeal of Contagious Diseases Huxley, T. H., 13-14, 82,106,112,117 Acts, 34 Hyndman, H. M., 182 Laing Samuel, 26 Lambeth Conference and Imperialism, 128 Contraception, 59-63 Independent Labour Party, 159 and ordination of women, 139-40 India, 17,67-78,118,181 Lancet, 57,122 Indian National Congress, 69,71 Lang, C. G., Archbishop, 62 Infant Custody Act, 5 Lansbury, George, 152-3 Inge, W. R, Dean, 59,136 law, 170 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Law Society, 170 169 Law, Andrew Bonar, 142,158 International Federation for Li Tim-Oi, Florence, 137-40 Abolition of Government Leigh Smith, Barbara, see Bodichon, Regulation of Prostitution, 36,44 Barbara Leigh Smith Ireland, 167,183 Leighton, Sir Baldwin, 45 Irish Party, 142,158 Lewes, G. H., 128 Italy, 188 Liberal Party, 18, 34,127 and women's suffrage, 141-52, Jackson, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 35 160 Jacobi, A., 64 Lindsay, Lillian Murray, 168 Jarrett, Rebecca, 48-9 Lindsay, Robert, 168 Jenner, Sir William, 108, 118 Lister, Joseph, 1st Baron, 110,119 Jews, 68 Liverpool, College, 323,36, 37 Jex-Blake, Sophia, 3,100,102,106 University, 167 Index 205

Lloyd George, D., 61, 78, 143, 150, women's admission to study and 158, 159 profess, 100-23 Locke, John, 126 Meredith, George, 8-9, 167, 175 London Hospital, 60, 107 Methodists, 124, 131 London School Board, 107 Middlesex Hospital, London, 105 London School of Medicine for midwives, 122-3 Women, 104, 112, 118,121, Mill, Harriet Taylor, 21-4, 28,128 130, 165 Mill, Helen, 22, 26, 29 London Universitv, 5,37, 85, 86-8,92, Mill, James, 20 108,113, 117^ 120, 128,167 Mill, J. S., 3, 5, 12, 16, 18, 20-30, 33, see also University College 37,81,86,89,93,128, 140,141, Lowe, Robert, 113 145, 160, 161,183,187 Lyndhurst, John, Lord, 176-7 and birth control, 29-30, 52 Lyttelton, Alfred, 156 speech on Reform Bill, 24-6 Lyttelton, George, 4th Baron, 99 Subjection of Women, 26-8, 126 Lytton, Edward Bulwer, 128, 158 Millais,SirJ.E., 174 Lytton, Victor, 2nd Earl, 143, 157-8 Milner, Alfred, Viscount, 44 Milnes, Monckton, 84 MacDonald, Sir Claude, 180 Milton, John, 77, 85 MacDonald, J. Ramsay, 59, 154 Mira Behn (Madeleine Slade), 76 MacFadyean, Sir John, 167,168 missionaries, 181-2 MacLaren, Sir Charles, 148 Monthly Repository, 128 Madras Medical College, 118 Moore, Thomas, 29 Malthus, T. R., 52 Morant, Sir Robert, 173 Manchester Guardian, 6, 184 Moravian Brothers, 87 Manchester University, 128 Morley, Henry, 17,81,86-8 Manners, Lord John (later Duke of Morley, John, Lord, 44, 148 Rutland), 157, 172 Moser, Mary, 174 Manning, Cardinal, 42, 48 Mudie's Library, 6, 7 Married Women's Property Bills, 16, Murray, Gilbert, 98-9, 185 86,115,148,165,178-9,179 Martin-Holloway, George, 90-1 Naidu, Sarojini, 71, 75 Martineau, Harriet, 128 National Association for Promotion Marx, Karl, 3 of Social Science, 5, 16 Marxists, 182 National Association for Repeal of Masson, David, 110, 114, 120 the Contagious Diseases Acts, Maudsley, Henry, 108 38, 39 Maurice, F. D., 15, 17, 81, 82-6, 93, National Dental Hospital, 168 105,137 National Insurance Act Inspectors, Maurice, Sir Frederick, 82 173 May,J.J., 183 National League for Opposing Mazzini, G., 9, 38, 44, 130, 183 Women's Suffrage, 98, 158, 179 Medical Council, see General National Liberal Federation, 41 Medical Council National Society for Women's Medical Profession Suffrage, 29 and birth control, 55-8, 60, 64 National Union of Women's Suffrage and admission of women, 101-22 Societies (NUWSS), 143 Medical Times and Gazette, 55 Nehru, Jawarharlal, 71, 74, 78 medicine, 17-18 Nevinson, H.W., 159, 184 206 Index

New Veterinary College, Edinburgh, and the law, 170 166 and married women's property, New Zealand, 147,157,184,188 178-9 New York, 104,109 and midwives, 123 Newman, J. H., Cardinal, 82 and pharmacists, 162-4 Newnham College, Cambridge, 94-7, importance of women's 130,156 emancipation, 186 Nightingale, Florence, 4, 29,81, 84, and women in Medicine, 101,113-18 122,127,180 women's suffrage, 141-60,188 Nonconformists, 5,18, 36,47, 86, 91 Pechey, Elizabeth, 110,117 Non-Cooperation Movement, 69, 72 Pethick Lawrence, F. W., Baron, 128, Normans, 124 158 North of England Council for pharmacists, 162-4 Education of Women, 33, 94 Pharmaceutical Society, 162-3 Northbrook, Thomas, 1st Earl, 41 Philadelphia, 102-3,104 Norton, Caroline, 5, 8,16,178 Piggott, Mr, 169 Norway, 188 Place, Francis, 22,52-3, 65 novelists, 6-10 PI ay fair, Lyon, 114 poets, 14-16 Owen, Robert Dale, 53, 55 Positivists, 88, 97,149 Oxford University, 3, 5,17,19, 33, 86, Post Office, 171-2 92,96,97,115,128,136,157,161, Press 6 185,186-7,188 see also under individual publications admission of women, 97-9,105,109 Priestley, Joseph, 126 early women from, 179 Prison Service, 172 and missionaries, 182 professions, women in, 161-75 Balliol, 186 prostitution, 36, 44-50 Lady Margaret Hall, 98 Punch, 103 Somerville College, 98-9,130 Purdah, 74 Wadham College, 186 Quakers, 4,18, 31,104,119,124-6, Paget, Sir James, 103,120 162 Pall Mall Gazette, 6, 32, 44, 46-50, Quarterly Review, 172 56,164,184 Queen's College, London, 15, Palmerston, Lord, 177 17, 82-6, 92,109 Pandit, Mrs V. L., 72 Pankhurst, Emmeline, 143,153,159 Railton, George, 132,133,135 Pankhurst, Richard, 148,159 Ram Mohan Roy, 68 Pankhurst, Sylvia, 153 Ramabai, Pandita, 74 Paris, 103,107,115 Ramsay, Agnata, 96 Parkes, Bessie, 103 Raven, Canon Charles, 136 Parliament, 6,18, 24, 31 Rayleigh, John, 3rd Baron, 97 and age of consent, 44-50 Reade, Charles, 112-13 and birth control, 66 Redmond, Willie, 158,159 and Contagious Diseases, 34-44 Reform Bills, and sex disqualifications, 161 of 1867, 23 and accountants, 169 of 1884,144,146 and dentists, 168 of 1914,143 and divorce, 176-8 of 1918, 144 Index 207

Reformation, 124 Scott, Benjamin, 44 religion, 18, 124-140 Scott, C. P., 6 see also Church of England; Scott, Sir Russell, 173 Congregationalists; Scottish Universities, 51 Methodists; Quakers; Roman Selborne, Roundell, 1st Earl, 178 Catholics; Salvation Army; Selborne, William, 2nd Earl, 155 Unitarians Senior, Janey Nassau, 38, 172 Richmond, George, 85 Sex Discrimination Act, 188 Robinson, W. J., 64 Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act, Roe, Humphrey, 66 19, 161, 167 Roebuck, J. A., 21, 114 Shaen, William, 130 Rogers, Annie, 3, 98 Shaftesbury, Anthony, 7th Earl, 45, Rollitt, Sir Charles, 157 89, 117, 121, 123 Roman Catholic Church, 124, 128 Shakespeare, William, 85 and birth control, 52, 55, 58, Shaw,G.B., 10-12, 159 62, 64-6 Shelley, P. B., 14 Roman Empire, 188 Sidgwick, Arthur, 96, 98 Roosevelt, President Theodore, 179 Sidgwick, Eleanor Balfour, 3, 95-7, Rosebery, Archibald, 5th Earl, 141 156 Routh, Amand, 57 Sidgwick, Henry, 17,81,91-7 Royal Academy, of Arts, 7, 25, 174-5 Simon, Sir John, 186 Royal College of Physicians, 100, 165 Simpson, Sir James, 106, 110, 119 Royal College of Surgeons Slee, Jonah, H., 66 of London, 100, 168 Slessor, Mary, 180 of Edinburgh, 168 Smith, F. E., Lord Birkenhead, 186 Royal College of Veterinary Smith, Southwood, 127 Surgeons, 166-8 Smith, Sydney, 81 Royal Commission on Secondary Smith, W. H., 26 Education, 92 Smith, W. H., booksellers, 9, 47 Royal Free Hospital, 112 Smith, William, 127 Royal Holloway college, SS Snowden, Philip, 153 Royal Institute of British Architects, Social Darwinism, 128 164 Society of Accountants and Auditors, Ruskin, J., 12-13,47,98 169 Russia, 116, 167 Society of Apothecaries, 105-7 Russel, Alexander, 110, 121 Society for Suppression of Vice, 55 solicitors, 170-1 St Andrews University, 106 Sorabji, Cornelia, 69 Salisbury, Robert, 3rd Marquess, 96, Spain, 188 115, 142, 154-5 Spectator, 62, 93 Salvation Army, 18, 31, 48, 72, 124, Stanley, A. P., Dean, 32, 85 130-5 Stansfeld, Sir James, 16,31,36, 128-9, Sandford, George, 163 188 Sandon, Viscount, 115 and Contagious Diseases Acts, Sanger, Margaret, 17, 64, 65, 66, 75, 78 37-44 Scharlieb, Dame Mary, 57, 118 and midwives, 123 Scotland, 173, 183 and women doctors, 100, 112-14, divorce in, 177 117,122 Scotsman, The, 6 and woman's suffrage, 148 208 Index

Stead, W. T., 6, 32, 36, 44-50 Civil War, 33 Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, 28 education in, 88 Stopes, Marie, 17, 66 Salvation Army and, 131, 134 Strachan-Davidson, J. L., 91 veterinary surgeons, 167 Stuart, James, 45, 147 women doctors in, 102-4 suffrage, 18, 141-60 Universal Suffrage Association , 3, 9, 25, 143, 151, 164 (USA), 29 Suffrage Annual and Who's Who University College, London, 60, 85 (1913), 159 Sunday Express, 62 Vassar, Matthew, 7, 88-9 suttee, 68 veterinary surgeons, 166-8 Switzerland, 115 Victoria, Queen, 28, 84, 90 and employment of women, 171 Talbot, Edward, Bishop, 98 and vivisection 118 Talfourd, Sir Thomas, 16 and women doctors, 111, 118,120 Taylor, Hudson, 181 Taylor, J. W., 57 Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 10 Taylor, Harriet, see Mill, Harriet Wells, H. G., 12 Taylor Wesley family, 128 Taylor, John, 22, 23 Wesley, John, 35 Temple, William, Archbishop, 136-8 Westminster Review, 21 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 14-15, Whitbread, Samuel, 31 83,84 Whitefield, George, 35 Theosophists, 68 Whittier, J. G., 77 Thompson, William, 157 Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop, 177 Times, r/ze, 110-11, 184 Williams, William, 166 attacks Stansfeld, 38 Wilson, Woodrow, 65 attacks women's higher education, Winnington Ingram, A. F., Bishop of 87-8, 93 London, 58-9,63 and birth control, 62 Wolmer, Lord, 170 lack of sympathy with women's Women's Social and Political Union emancipation, 6 (WSPU), 143, 184,185 Treves, Sir Frederick, 61 Women's Work and Women's Culture, Trinity College, Cambridge, 14, 83, 33 92, 150 Woodall, William, 142, 148 and women's suffrage, 157, 185 World Anti- Convention, 37 Trollope, Anthony, 7 Wyndham, George, 156 Twining, Louisa, 85 York, William Thomson, Archbishop Unitarians, 18, 22, 81, 84, 128, 159 of, 35 USA, 23, 33, 116, 183 birth control in, 52-3, 55, 64-6 Zangwell, Israel, 159

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