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Introduction 1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 Edition) Ch Notes Notes to Chapter 1: Introduction 1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 edition) Ch. xxx. Household Words, 8 November 1851, p. 145. P. Collins, Dickens and Education (Lon­ don, 1963) pp. 124ff. R. Symonds, Far above Rubies (Leominster, 1993) p. 109. 2. A. Trollope, Is He Popinjoyl World Classics edition (Oxford, 1986) Ch. xvn and Appendix ix. V. Glendinning, Trollope (London, 1992) pp. 325, 480 and passim. 3. A. Woods, George Meredith: Champion of Women and of Progressive Edu­ cation (Oxford, 1937) pp. vii, 19, 22, 25, 79. 4. M. Millgate, Thomas Hardy: A Biography (Oxford, 1982) pp. 192, 357, 369. R. Sumner, Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist (London, 1981) p. 190. 5. G. B. Shaw, The Quintessence of Ibsenism (London, 1896) pp. 4Iff. R. Weintraub (ed.), Fabian Feminists: Bernard Shaw and Women (Univer­ sity of Pennsylvania, 1977) pp. 2-10. S. Strauss, Traitors to the Masculine Cause (London, 1982) pp. 156-60. G. B. Shaw, Major Barbara (London, 1905); Mrs Warren's Profession (London, 1925); Press Cuttings (London, 1926). 6. H. G. Wells, Ann Veronica (London, 1909). 7. J. A. Froude, Life of Carlyle, ed. S. Clubbe (London, 1979) p. 10. T. Car­ lyle, French Revolution (London, 1902 edn) vol. n, p. 58; vol. in, p. 245. 8. J. Ruskin, Works, ed. E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn (1905) vol. 34, p. 499; vol. 18, p. 123; vol. 23, p. 332; vol. 27, p. 619. 9. T. H. Huxley, Life and Letters (London, 1900) vol. i, pp. 38, 212, 417; Lay Sermons (London, 1870) p. 27 (originally published 1865 in The Reader). 10. A. Tennyson, Works (London, 1891) pp. 165ff. J. Killham, Tennyson and 'The Princess' (London, 1958) passim. W. C. Gordon, Social Ideals of Tennyson (London, 1906) pp. 74ff. Stopford Brooke, Tennyson (London, 1910) p. 164. M. Thorn, Tennyson (London, 1992) p. 20. 11. Stopford Brooke, The Poetry of Robert Browning (London, 1902) chs xm and xiv. Notes to Chapter 2: John Stuart Mill Raises the Standard 1. J. S. Mill, Dissertations and Discussions (London, 1859) vol. n, p. 411, 'The Enfranchisement of Women'. 2. F. A. Hayek, /. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor (London, 1951) p. 26. 3. M. St J. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill (London, 1954) p. 110. 4. Thomas Carlyle, Reminiscences (London, 1881) vol. n, p. 177. Packe, LifeofJ.S.Milkp. 180. 189 190 Notes 5. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill, p. 403. 6. Ibid., p. 180. 7. Hayek, ./. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor, p. 17. 8. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 56. 9. Ibid., p. 125. 10. Ibid., p. 317. 11. Mill, Dissertations, vol. n, pp. 411 ff. 12. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 20 June 1866, cols 817-29, speech by J. S. Mill. 13. Ibid., cols 830ff. 14. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 27 April 1866, col. 99, speech by B. Dis­ raeli. 15. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 501. 16. J. S. Mill, Autobiography (1924 edition) p. 185. 17. J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women (London, 1878 edition). 18. Packe, Life of J S. Mill, p. 495. A. Bain, John Stuart Mill: A Criticism (London, 1882) pp. 130-2. Frederic Harrison, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill (London, 1899) p. 310. 19. T. Martin, Queen Victoria as I Knew Her (London, 1908) p. 69. 20. The Times, London, 10 May 1873. 21. J. Morley, Life of W. E. Gladstone (London, 1904) vol. 2, p. 543. W. D. Christie, ./. S. Mill and Mr Abraham Hay ward Q. C. (London, 1873). Notes to Chapter 3: The Allies of Josephine Butler 1. Josephine Butler, Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (London, 1896) p. 20. 2. See R. Symonds, Alternative Saints: The Post-Reformation People Com­ memorated by the Church of England (London, 1988) p. 8. 3. Josephine Butler, Recollections of George Butler (London, 1892) pp. 19, 64, 65. 4. Josephine Butler, An Autobiographical Memoir (Bristol, 1904) p. 15. 5. Butler, Recollections, p. 57; E. Moberly Bell, Josephine Butler (London, 1962) p. 28. 6. Josephine Butler (ed.), Women's Work and Women's Culture (London 1869) Introduction. 7. Ibid., pp. 49ff. 8. Butler, Recollections, pp. 219-20. 9. Ibid., p. 230. 10. Ibid., pp. 240, 245. 11. Ibid., p. 248. 12. Ibid., p. 257. 13. Ibid., p. 384. 14. Ibid., pp. 483, 215. 15. W. T. Stead, Josephine Butler: A Life Sketch', Josephine Butler, Autobio­ graphical Memoir (Bristol, 1911) p. 34. 16. Butler, Autobiographical Memoir, p. 35. Notes 191 17. H. Temperley, British Antislaveiy (London, 1972) pp. 88ff. 18. J. L. and Barbara Hammond, James Stansfeld: A Victorian Champion of Sex Equality (London, 1932) p. 286. 19. Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), vol. I, p. 654, W. T. Ashurst. 20. Anon., Memorable Unitarians (London, 1906) p. 310. 21. The Times, London, 18 February 1898. 22. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 41. 23. Ibid., p. 189. 24. G. Petrie, A Singular Iniquity: The Campaigns of Josephine Butler (Lon­ don, 1971) p. 149. 25. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 191. 26. Ibid., p. 203. 27. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 23 Jan 1875, cols 409-14. 28. Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Conta­ gious Diseases Acts, Parliamentary Papers 1881, ix. The minority report is included. 29. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 20 April 1883, cols 764ff. 30. Ibid., cols 823, 840. 31. J. A. Spender, Life of Sir H. Campbell Bannerman (1923) vol. l,p. 105. 32. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 16 March 1886, cols 981 ff. 33. Ibid., p. 287. 34. Ibid., p. 288. 35. Ibid., p. 292. 36. Ibid., p. vii; M. Fawcett and E. M. Turner, Josephine Butler (London, 1927) Preface. 37. F. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead (London, 1925) vol. l,p. 100. 38. Report of Select Committee of House of Lords Relating to Protection of Young Girls, Parliamentary Papers, Sessional Papers, 1882, vol. vn. 39. Whyte, Life of W. L Stead, vol. i, p. 160. 40. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 22 May 1885, cols 1175ff. 41. All the quotations in the previous three paragraphs are from the Pall Mall Gazette, London, 6, 7, 8, 9 July and 11 November 1885. 42. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 6 August 1885, cols 1409ff. 43. Petrie,/! Singular In iquity, p. 25 6. 44. Moral Reform Union, London 1885, Speech by Mr W. T. Stead at the Central Criminal Court. 45. W. T. Stead, My First Imprisonment (London, 1886); and Whyte, Life of W. T. Stead, vof. l,p. 207. 46. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead, p. 314. Notes to Chapter 4: Emancipation through Birth Control 1. P. Fryer, The Birth Controllers (London, 1965) pp. 3Iff. Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (London, 1973) p. 22. 2. N. Himes, Place on Population Control (London, 1930). Fryer, 777c Birth Controllers, pp. 64ff. 192 Notes 3. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 76. G. A. Aldred, Richard Carlile, Agitator (London, 1923). 4. R. W. Leopold, Robert Dale Owen: Radical Reformer (London, 1940). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 92. 5. New England Quarterly, vol. vi (1933) p. 470. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 99. 6. G. Drysdale, Physical, Sexual and Natural Religion (later called Elements of Social Science) (London, 1855). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 111. 7. A. H. Nethercot, The First Five Lives of Annie Besant (Chicago, 1960) pp. 107ff. 8. Fryer, op.cit., p. 169. 9. Bertrand and Patricia Russell, Amberley Papers (1937) vol. n, p. 171. 10. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 116. 11. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 256. Dr H. A. Allbutt, The Wives' Handbook (London, 1883). 12. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 130. 13. Nineteenth Century and After (1900) vol. 59, p. 80. Fryer, The Birth Con­ trollers, p. 181. 14. 'The Declining Birthrate', Report of the Commission of Enquiry set up by the National Council of Public Morals (London, 1916) p. 242. 15. Ibid., p. 273. 16. Ibid., p. 371. S. Szrecer, Fertility and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940 (Cam­ bridge, 1996) pp. 367ff. 17. A. MacLaren, Birth Control in 19th Century England (London, 1978) p. 56. DNB article, Richard Carlile. 18. Fortnightly Review, March 1888, p. 119. 19. The Times, 21 October 1905, p. 14, col. 5. 20. The Six Lambeth Conferences, 1867-1920 (London, 1929), 1908 Confer­ ence, pp. 310, 327, 342-99. 21. Ibid., 1920 Conference, p. 44, 112. 22. F. Watson, Dawson of Penn (London, 1951) p. 55 and passim. 23. Ibid., p. 159. 24. Lord Dawson of Penn, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Speech Deliv­ ered at the Church Congress in Birmingham (London, 1922). 25. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 245. 26. Dawson, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Introduction. 27. The Times, 11 January 1922, p. 7. 28. Lambeth Conferences, (1867-1930) (London, 1968) p. 164. 29. G. L. Prestige, Life of Charles Gore (London, 1935) pp. 515, 517. 30. Bishop A. A. David and Bishop M. B. Furse, Marriage and Birth Control (London, 1932) p. 30. 31. Hansard, House of Lord's Debates, vol. 90, 13 February 1934, col. 818. 32. David and Furse, Marriage and Birth Control, pp. 13, 27. 33. Lambeth Conference - What the Bishops said about Marriage (London: SPCK, 1968). 34. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 249. 35. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 286. 36. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 117. 37. Ibid., p. 197. Notes 193 38. D. M. Kennedy, Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger (Yale, 1970) p. 80. 39. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, pp. 216, 219. 40. Kennedy, Birth Control in America, pp. 218ff. 41. Ibid., pp. 98, 193. 42. June Rose, Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution (London, 1992) pp. 21 Off. Notes to Chapter 5: Gandhi and Liberation through the Freedom Movement 1.
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