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— La Bibbia Nelle Letterature Germaniche Medievali GERMANICHE MEDIEVALI LA BIBBIA NELLE LETTERATURE Filologie medievali e moderne 7 Serie occidentale 6 — La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali KHALAF BUZZONI, BAMPI, a cura di Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf E dizioni Ca’Foscari 7 La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali Filologie medievali e moderne Serie occidentale Serie diretta da Eugenio Burgio 7 | 6 Edizioni Ca’Foscari Filologie medievali e moderne Serie occidentale Direttore Eugenio Burgio (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Massimiliano Bampi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Saverio Bellomo (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Marina Buzzoni (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Serena Fornasiero (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Lorenzo Tomasin (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Tiziano Zanato (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Serie orientale Direttore Antonella Ghersetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Attilio Andreini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Giampiero Bellingeri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Paolo Calvetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Marco Ceresa (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Daniela Meneghini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Antonio Rigopoulos (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Bonaventura Ruperti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) http://www.edizionicafoscari.unive.it/col/exp/36/FilologieMedievali La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali a cura di Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2015 La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf (a cura di) © 2015 Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf per il testo © 2015 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing per la presente edizione Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 1686 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ [email protected] 1a edizione maggio 2015 ISBN 978-88-6969-021-1 (pdf) ISBN 978-88-6969-024-2 (stampa) Progetto grafico di copertina: Studio Girardi, Venezia | Edizioni Ca’ Foscari Certificazione scientifica delle Opere pubblicate da Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: tutti i saggi pubblicati hanno ottenuto il parere favorevole da parte di valutatori esperti della materia, attraverso un processo di revisione anonima sotto la responsabilità del Comitato scientifico della collana. La valutazione è stata condotta in aderenza ai criteri scientifici ed editoriali di Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. Scientific certification of the works published by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: all essays published in this volume have received a favourable opinion by subject-matter experts, through an anonymous peer review process under the responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the series. The evaluations were conducted in adherence to the scientific and editorial criteria established by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. Sommario Fulvio Ferrari Prefazione 7 Nota dei curatori 9 Fabrizio D. Raschellà Le traduzioni bibliche come testimonianza di storia della lingua islandese tra medioevo e prima età moderna 11 Lucrezia Pezzarossa Bibbia, guerra e liturgia Una nuova prospettiva sulla traduzione alfrediana del Libro dei Salmi 37 Giuseppe Pagliarulo Le glosse merciche all’evangeliario Rushworth Fonti e interferenze testuali 51 Silvia Geremia Il Giorno del Giudizio in Judgement Day I 65 Federico Pantaleoni La conflazione fra Caino e Cam nel Beowulf: il problema delle fonti 87 Carla Falluomini Il Giuda del Heliand 107 Rosella Tinaburri Thoö uuarð uuind mikil, | hoöh uueder afhaƀen La tempesta, il poeta del Heliand e la rielaborazione della fonte 119 Jlenia D’Andrea Funzionalità, specificità semantiche, morfologiche e sintattiche dei verba rogandi nel Diatessaron in alto tedesco antico 133 Maria Grazia Saibene Osservazioni sulla Genesi di Millstatt 167 Claudia Händl Il sogno di Nabucodonosor nella Sangspruchdichtung tedesca medievale 189 Profili biobibliografici 213 La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali a cura di Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf Prefazione Fulvio Ferrari (Presidente dell’Associazione Italiana di Filologia Germanica, 2009-2014) È certamente un luogo comune affermare che la Bibbia è il testo fonda- mentale della cultura occidentale, o almeno che lo è stato fino a che i pro- cessi di secolarizzazione degli ultimi tre secoli non hanno profondamente modificato l’intero quadro della civiltà europea, mentre l’incontro con le tradizioni anche religiose degli altri continenti ha reso assai più complesso il panorama delle credenze e dei testi investiti di autorevolezza religiosa, filosofica ed etica. Il fatto che si tratti di un luogo comune, tuttavia, non rende l’affermazione meno vera: per tutta l’epoca medievale il testo bibli- co è fondamento imprescindibile delle credenze socialmente accettate, è modello di comportamento etico, è repertorio di storie esemplari che per- mettono di conferire un senso agli eventi storici come al vissuto quotidiano. Certo, il testo biblico è tutt’altro che univoco e vi si possono trovare schemi e modelli tra loro anche molto diversi, ma proprio questo ne fa un codice simbolico inesauribile, un sistema di segni con cui catturare l’esperienza dell’uomo medievale e sostenere la riflessione, l’interpretazione del mondo e, spesso, anche i conflitti. La partecipazione dei popoli germanici alla costruzione del sistema cul- turale europeo, dalla tarda antichità fino all’età moderna, è dunque per- corsa e pervasa dai processi di traduzione, rielaborazione e riuso dei libri dell’Antico e del Nuovo Testamento. Ognuna di queste operazioni comporta un progetto, una finalità, un pubblico non sempre facili da individuare con certezza da parte dello studioso di oggi e, tuttavia, la comprensione di questi fenomeni storici rappresenta un tassello fondamentale per la rico- struzione del quadro delle culture germaniche medievali. Bene ha fatto, quindi, l’Associazione Italiana di Filologia Germanica a scegliere La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali come tema del suo XXXIX convegno scientifico, svoltosi a Venezia nel giugno del 2012. Sarebbe stato naturalmente impossibile, nell’arco di tre giorni di conve- gno, discutere in modo esauriente tutte le tradizioni germaniche e affronta- re tutte le questioni relative alla diffusione e alla trasformazione del testo biblico nell’area linguistica germanica. Scorrendo gli interventi pubblicati in questo volume, tuttavia, mi sembra che, proprio grazie alla varietà dei testi e dei problemi specifici analizzati, si sia riusciti a fornire un quadro piuttosto preciso degli ambiti di discussione e dei principali temi che oc- 7 La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali cupano il centro del dibattito nazionale e internazionale. La base comune rappresentata dalla Bibbia – pur con la necessaria cautela, dettata soprat- tutto dalla diversità dei testi di partenza utilizzati per le traduzioni e le rielaborazioni – determina una comparabilità sia diacronica sia sincronica delle versioni germaniche, o almeno di alcune di esse, che costituisce un prezioso presupposto per il confronto linguistico. L’esame dei testi tradot- ti o rielaborati, d’altro canto, permette di individuare significativi indizi sui processi di adattamento che hanno segnato l’incontro tra tradizioni germaniche e cultura cristiana e apre la strada all’indagine sui contesti di ricezione. Mi pare dunque significativo che proprio questa attenzione al pubblico, questo tentativo di ricostruzione delle modalità e delle situazioni di comunicazione, si ripresentino in molti dei saggi qui pubblicati. Anche gli aspetti codicologici, la presenza di illustrazioni o di glosse forniscono elementi utili alla ricostruzione della tradizione testuale e all’analisi della diffusione delle diverse versioni. Altrettanto importante, infine, appare la questione della presenza di figure e motivi di origine biblica all’interno di testi che religiosi non sono, della funzione di questa presenza e di come essa testimoni una conoscenza più o meno precisa dell’originale biblico. A tutti questi ambiti di discussione i contributi qui raccolti offrono ap- porti interessanti e spesso originali, inserendo così la riflessione dei filologi germanici italiani nel più ampio dibattito internazionale e contribuendo in misura significativa a svilupparlo e ad approfondirlo. 8 Prefazione La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali a cura di Marina Buzzoni, Massimiliano Bampi, Omar Khalaf Nota dei curatori I saggi pubblicati in questo volume sono stati, per quanto possibile, uni- formati alle norme editoriali della collana Filologie medievali e moderne. Le difformità che ancora permangono sono dovute a motivate scelte degli autori, oppure a esigenze specifiche delle singole tradizioni testuali. I curatori rivolgono un sentito ringraziamento ai tre revisori anonimi, che hanno fornito un contributo fondamentale per la pubblicazione dell’o- pera, e a Fulvio Ferrari, autore della prefazione. Un grazie particolare va anche a Claudia
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